VAPOR PRESSURE OF ICE

The values of the vapor (sublimation) pressure of ice in this Reference

table were calculated from the equation recommended by the
International Association for the Properties of Steam (IAPS) in Wagner, W., Saul, A., and Pruss, A., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 515,
1993. Temperature values correspond to the ITS-90 temperature 1994.
scale. The uncertainty in the pressure is estimated to be 0.1% for t
> –25°C and 0.5% for t < –25°C. The first entry in the table is the
triple point of water.

t/°C p/Pa t/°C p/Pa t/°C p/Pa

0.01 611.657 –16 150.68 –33 27.71
0 611.15 –17 137.25 –34 24.90
–1 562.67 –18 124.92 –35 22.35
–2 517.72 –19 113.62 –36 20.04
–3 476.06 –20 103.26 –37 17.96
–4 437.47 –21 93.77 –38 16.07
–5 401.76 –22 85.10 –39 14.37
–6 368.73 –23 77.16 –40 12.84
–7 338.19 –24 69.91 –45 7.202
–8 309.98 –25 63.29 –50 3.936
–9 283.94 –26 57.25 –55 2.093
–10 259.90 –27 51.74 –60 1.080
–11 237.74 –28 46.73 –65 0.540
–12 217.32 –29 42.16 –70 0.261
–13 198.52 –30 38.01 –75 0.122
–14 181.22 –31 34.24 –80 0.055
–15 165.30 –32 30.82

Section6.indb 7 4/29/05 4:16:59 PM

 VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER FROM 0 TO 370°C

This table gives the vapor pressure of water at intervals of 1° C Reference

from the melting point to the critical point.
Haar, L., Gallagher, J. S., and Kell, G. S., NBS/NRC Steam Tables,
Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984.

t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa

0 0.61129 52 13.623 104 116.67 156 557.32
1 0.65716 53 14.303 105 120.79 157 571.94
2 0.70605 54 15.012 106 125.03 158 586.87
3 0.75813 55 15.752 107 129.39 159 602.11
4 0.81359 56 16.522 108 133.88 160 617.66
5 0.87260 57 17.324 109 138.50 161 633.53
6 0.93537 58 18.159 110 143.24 162 649.73
7 1.0021 59 19.028 111 148.12 163 666.25
8 1.0730 60 19.932 112 153.13 164 683.10
9 1.1482 61 20.873 113 158.29 165 700.29
10 1.2281 62 21.851 114 163.58 166 717.83
11 1.3129 63 22.868 115 169.02 167 735.70
12 1.4027 64 23.925 116 174.61 168 753.94
13 1.4979 65 25.022 117 180.34 169 772.52
14 1.5988 66 26.163 118 186.23 170 791.47
15 1.7056 67 27.347 119 192.28 171 810.78
16 1.8185 68 28.576 120 198.48 172 830.47
17 1.9380 69 29.852 121 204.85 173 850.53
18 2.0644 70 31.176 122 211.38 174 870.98
19 2.1978 71 32.549 123 218.09 175 891.80
20 2.3388 72 33.972 124 224.96 176 913.03
21 2.4877 73 35.448 125 232.01 177 934.64
22 2.6447 74 36.978 126 239.24 178 956.66
23 2.8104 75 38.563 127 246.66 179 979.09
24 2.9850 76 40.205 128 254.25 180 1001.9
25 3.1690 77 41.905 129 262.04 181 1025.2
26 3.3629 78 43.665 130 270.02 182 1048.9
27 3.5670 79 45.487 131 278.20 183 1073.0
28 3.7818 80 47.373 132 286.57 184 1097.5
29 4.0078 81 49.324 133 295.15 185 1122.5
30 4.2455 82 51.342 134 303.93 186 1147.9
31 4.4953 83 53.428 135 312.93 187 1173.8
32 4.7578 84 55.585 136 322.14 188 1200.1
33 5.0335 85 57.815 137 331.57 189 1226.9
34 5.3229 86 60.119 138 341.22 190 1254.2
35 5.6267 87 62.499 139 351.09 191 1281.9
36 5.9453 88 64.958 140 361.19 192 1310.1
37 6.2795 89 67.496 141 371.53 193 1338.8
38 6.6298 90 70.117 142 382.11 194 1368.0
39 6.9969 91 72.823 143 392.92 195 1397.6
40 7.3814 92 75.614 144 403.98 196 1427.8
41 7.7840 93 78.494 145 415.29 197 1458.5
42 8.2054 94 81.465 146 426.85 198 1489.7
43 8.6463 95 84.529 147 438.67 199 1521.4
44 9.1075 96 87.688 148 450.75 200 1553.6
45 9.5898 97 90.945 149 463.10 201 1586.4
46 10.094 98 94.301 150 475.72 202 1619.7
47 10.620 99 97.759 151 488.61 203 1653.6
48 11.171 100 101.32 152 501.78 204 1688.0
49 11.745 101 104.99 153 515.23 205 1722.9
50 12.344 102 108.77 154 528.96 206 1758.4
51 12.970 103 112.66 155 542.99 207 1794.5

6-8

Section6.indb 8 4/29/05 4:17:01 PM

 Vapor Pressure of Water from 0 to 370°C 6-9

t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa t/°C P/kPa

208 1831.1 250 3973.6 292 7657.2 334 13528
209 1868.4 251 4041.2 293 7768.6 335 13701
210 1906.2 252 4109.6 294 7881.3 336 13876
211 1944.6 253 4178.9 295 7995.2 337 14053
212 1983.6 254 4249.1 296 8110.3 338 14232
213 2023.2 255 4320.2 297 8226.8 339 14412
214 2063.4 256 4392.2 298 8344.5 340 14594
215 2104.2 257 4465.1 299 8463.5 341 14778
216 2145.7 258 4539.0 300 8583.8 342 14964
217 2187.8 259 4613.7 301 8705.4 343 15152
218 2230.5 260 4689.4 302 8828.3 344 15342
219 2273.8 261 4766.1 303 8952.6 345 15533
220 2317.8 262 4843.7 304 9078.2 346 15727
221 2362.5 263 4922.3 305 9205.1 347 15922
222 2407.8 264 5001.8 306 9333.4 348 16120
223 2453.8 265 5082.3 307 9463.1 349 16320
224 2500.5 266 5163.8 308 9594.2 350 16521
225 2547.9 267 5246.3 309 9726.7 351 16725
226 2595.9 268 5329.8 310 9860.5 352 16931
227 2644.6 269 5414.3 311 9995.8 353 17138
228 2694.1 270 5499.9 312 10133 354 17348
229 2744.2 271 5586.4 313 10271 355 17561
230 2795.1 272 5674.0 314 10410 356 17775
231 2846.7 273 5762.7 315 10551 357 17992
232 2899.0 274 5852.4 316 10694 358 18211
233 2952.1 275 5943.1 317 10838 359 18432
234 3005.9 276 6035.0 318 10984 360 18655
235 3060.4 277 6127.9 319 11131 361 18881
236 3115.7 278 6221.9 320 11279 362 19110
237 3171.8 279 6317.0 321 11429 363 19340
238 3228.6 280 6413.2 322 11581 364 19574
239 3286.3 281 6510.5 323 11734 365 19809
240 3344.7 282 6608.9 324 11889 366 20048
241 3403.9 283 6708.5 325 12046 367 20289
242 3463.9 284 6809.2 326 12204 368 20533
243 3524.7 285 6911.1 327 12364 369 20780
244 3586.3 286 7014.1 328 12525 370 21030
245 3648.8 287 7118.3 329 12688 371 21283
246 3712.1 288 7223.7 330 12852 372 21539
247 3776.2 289 7330.2 331 13019 373 21799
248 3841.2 290 7438.0 332 13187 373.98 22055
249 3907.0 291 7547.0 333 13357

Section6.indb 9 4/29/05 4:17:01 PM

 BOILING POINT OF WATER AT VARIOUS PRESSURES

Data are based on the equation of state recommended by the (Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984). The temperature
International Association for the Properties of Steam in 1984, as scale is IPTS-68.
presented in Haar, Gallagher, and Kell, NBS-NRC Steam Tables Note that: 1 mbar = 100 Pa = 0.000986923 atmos = 0.750062
mmHg.

P/mbar T/°C P/mbar T/°C P/mbar T/°C P/mbar T/°C

50 32.88 915 97.17 1013.25 100.00 1200 104.81
100 45.82 920 97.32 1015 100.05 1250 105.99
150 53.98 925 97.47 1020 100.19 1300 107.14
200 60.07 930 97.62 1025 100.32 1350 108.25
250 64.98 935 97.76 1030 100.46 1400 109.32
300 69.11 940 97.91 1035 100.60 1450 110.36
350 72.70 945 98.06 1040 100.73 1500 111.38
400 75.88 950 98.21 1045 100.87 1550 112.37
450 78.74 955 98.35 1050 101.00 1600 113.33
500 81.34 960 98.50 1055 101.14 1650 114.26
550 83.73 965 98.64 1060 101.27 1700 115.18
600 85.95 970 98.78 1065 101.40 1750 116.07
650 88.02 975 98.93 1070 101.54 1800 116.94
700 89.96 980 99.07 1075 101.67 1850 117.79
750 91.78 985 99.21 1080 101.80 1900 118.63
800 93.51 990 99.35 1085 101.93 1950 119.44
850 95.15 995 99.49 1090 102.06 2000 120.24
900 96.71 1000 99.63 1095 102.19 2050 121.02
905 96.87 1005 99.77 1100 102.32 2100 121.79
910 97.02 1010 99.91 1150 103.59 2150 122.54

6-10

Section6.indb 10 4/29/05 4:17:02 PM

 MELTING POINT OF ICE AS A FUNCTION OF PRESSURE

This table gives values of the melting temperature of ice at ice I - ice III 209.9 MPa –21.985°C
various pressures, as calculated from the equation for the ice I - ice III - ice V 350.1 –16.986
liquid water phase boundary recommended by the International ice V - ice VI 632.4 0.16
Association for the Properties of Steam (IAPS). Temperatures are ice VI - ice VII 2216 82
on the ITS-90 scale. See the Reference for information on forms of
ice that exist at higher pressures. The transition points for trans-
formations of the various forms of ice (in each case in equilibrium
with liquid water) are: Reference
Wagner, W., Saul, A., and Pruss, A., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23, 515,
1994.

p/MPa t/°C p/MPa t/°C p/MPa t/°C

0.1 0.00 40 −3.15 130 −12.07
1 −0.06 50 −4.02 140 −13.22
2 −0.14 60 −4.91 150 −14.40
3 −0.21 70 −5.83 160 −15.62
4 −0.29 80 −6.79 170 −16.85
5 −0.36 90 −7.78 180 −18.11
10 −0.74 100 −8.80 190 −19.39
20 −1.52 110 −9.86 200 −20.69
30 −2.32 120 −10.95 210 −22.00

Section6.indb 10 4/29/05 4:17:02 PM