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Table of Contents
Basic concepts
One factor ANOVA (Example 1)
One factor ANOVA (Example 2)
Error terms for Example 2 (Figure 4)
One factor ANOVA with unequal sample sizes (Example 3)
One factor ANOVA using Real Statistics functions
Confidence interval
Confidence interval using Real Statistics Anova data analysis tool (Example 1)
Real Statistics data analysis tool with data in standard format (Example 2)
Converting from Anova Excel format to standard format
Planned comparisons
Pairwise comparisons (Example 1)
Pairwise contrasts (Example 1)
Non-pairwise contrasts (Example 2)
Contrasts using Bonferroni or Dunn/Sidák corrections (Example 3)
Real Statistics Anova data analysis tool for contrasts (Example 4)
Unplanned comparisons
Tukey HSD test (Example 1)
Tukey HSD Real Statistics data analysis tool (Example 1)
Tukey-Kramer data analysis tool (Example 2)
Games-Howell data analysis tool (Example 3)
REGWQ test (Example 4)
REGWQ data analysis tool
REGWQ expanded example
REGWQ expanded example using the data analysis tool
Dunnett's test (Example 5)
Scheffe test (Example 6)
Scheffe test data analysis tool
Pairwise t tests
Homogeneity of variances
Levene's test on means (Example 1)
Real Statistics function LEVENE and data analysis tool
Levene's test on medians and trimmed means (Example 1, extra)
Levene's test on means (extra example)
Bartlett's test (Example 1)
Fligner Killeen Test (Example 1)
Log transform (Example 1)
Outliers
Testing for outliers (Example 1)
Effect size
Effect size for omnibus ANOVA (Example 1)
Effect size via Real Statistics Anova data analysis tool (Example 2)
Effect size for contrasts via Contrast data analysis tool (Example 3)
Power
Power of ANOVA (Example 1)
Sample size required (Example 2)
Confidence interval for effect size and power (Example 3)
Kruskal-Wallis test
Kruskal-Wallis test (Example 1)
Kruskal-Wallis test using Anova on ranks
Kruskal-Wallis test using Real Statistics functions
Kruskal-Wallis data analysis tool
Jonckheere-Terpstre test
Jonckheere-Terpstre test
Comparison with KW test
Welch's Test
Welch's Test (Example 1)
Welch's Test standard format (Example 1)
Extra examples of Welch's test
Brown-Forsythe F* test
Brown-Forsythe F* Test (Example 1)
Brown-Forsythe F* Test (data from Example 3 of Basic Concepts of ANOVA)
Resampling
ANOVA Resampling (Example 1)
ANOVA Resampling of Error Terms (Example 2)
Factorial ANOVA
Testing assumptions
Assumptions (Excel format)
Assumptions (stacked format)
Gage R&R
Gage R&R (Example 1)
Gage R&R (Example 2)
Scheirer-Ray-Hare test
Scheirer-Ray-Hare test (Example 1)
Tables
Studentized Q Table (table 1)
Studentized Q Table (table 2)
Dunnett's test table of critical values
One-way ANOVA
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Flavor 1 10 150 15 13.33333
Flavor 2 10 111 11.1 18.76667
Flavor 3 10 135 13.5 14.05556
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
Between Groups 77.4 2 38.7 2.515407 0.099596
Within Groups 415.4 27 15.38519
Total 492.8 29
SS for Between Groups
F crit
3.354131
MSW #NAME?
p-value #NAME?
F crit
3.354131
One-way ANOVA
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F
Between Groups 1645.34 3 548.4479 3.055648
Within Groups 5025.63 28 179.4866
Total 6670.97 31
MSW - alternative approach
d 0.618026
ω 2
0.161578
Error terms
x1 x2 x3 x4 e1 e2 e3 e4
51 82 79 85 -9.375 4.125 1 13.125
87 91 84 80 26.625 13.125 6 8.125
50 92 74 65 -10.375 14.125 -4 -6.875
48 80 98 71 -12.375 2.125 20 -0.875
79 52 63 67 18.625 -25.875 -15 -4.875
61 79 83 51 0.625 1.125 5 -20.875
53 73 85 63 -7.375 -4.875 7 -8.875
54 74 58 93 xx -6.375 -3.875 -20 21.125
xxj 60.375 77.875 78 71.875 72.03125 0 0 0 0
aj -11.6563 5.84375 5.96875 -0.15625 0
Var(e) 162.1169
MSW 179.4866
n 32
k 4
(n-k)/(n-1) MSW 162.1169
One-way ANOVA Anova: Single Factor
Total 5823.31 28
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS
Between Groups #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Within Groups #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
MS Within Groups
F P-value
#NAME? #NAME?
MSW
177.1655
Single Factor ANOVA
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05 #NAME? #NAME?
Mean Variance SS Std Err Lower Upper #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Err:502 Err:502 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Err:502 Err:502 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Err:502 Err:502 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Err:502 Err:502 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
MS F P value F crit RMSSE Omega Sq #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Err:502 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Single Factor ANOVA with Pairwise Comparison
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F
Between Groups 1394.17 3 464.7245 2.62311
Within Groups 4429.14 25 177.1655
Total 5823.31 28
xx1 - xx2 -16.5893 #NAME?
MSW 177.1655 #NAME?
s.e. 6.888762 #NAME?
t -2.40817 #NAME?
dfW 25 #NAME?
p-value 0.023734 =T.DIST.2T(ABS(N8),N9)
P-value F crit
0.072761 2.991241
Single Factor ANOVA with Contrasts
CONTRAST
SS Groups c mean n c^2/n cxx
34.25 Men Drug 0.5 4.25 12 0.020833 2.125
29.66667 Men Control -0.5 3.166667 12 0.020833 -1.58333
26.91667 Wom Drug 0.5 5.583333 12 0.020833 2.791667
29.66667 Wom Control -0.5 3.833333 12 0.020833 -1.91667
0.083333 1.416667
CONTRAST
Groups c mean n c^2/n cxx
Men Drug 1 4.25 12 0.083333 4.25
Men Control -1 3.166667 12 0.083333 -3.16667
Wom Drug 0 5.583333 12 0 0
Wom Control 0 3.833333 12 0 0
0.166667 1.083333
CONTRAST
Groups c mean n c^2/n cxx
Men Drug -0.5 4.25 12 0.020833 -2.125
Men Control -0.5 3.166667 12 0.020833 -1.58333
Wom Drug 0.5 5.583333 12 0.020833 2.791667
Wom Control 0.5 3.833333 12 0.020833 1.916667
0.083333 1
upper
2.605705
upper
2.602397
upper
2.444922
upper
2.764888
upper
2.76021
upper
3.111588
upper
3.431554
upper
3.426876
upper
1.962788
upper
2.189038
upper
2.185731
upper
0.028255
upper
0.348221
upper
0.343543
Tukey HSD post-hoc test
Total 157.917 47
Unplanned Comparisons
F crit
2.816466
Q Test Table Lookup
q-crit #NAME?
diff-crit #NAME?
q-crit #NAME?
Tukey HSD post-hoc test
Total 157.9167 47
REGWQ k 4 4
high 1 1
Groups Mean low 4 3
Women Drug 5.583333 p 4 3
Men Drug 4.25 α 0.05 0.05
Women Control 3.833333 αp 0.05 0.05
Men Control 3.166667 df 44 44
q-crit #NAME? #NAME?
mean high 5.583333 5.583333
mean low 3.166667 3.833333
mean diff 2.416667 1.75
P-value F crit se 0.477723 0.477723
0.007284 2.816466 q-stat 5.058715 3.663207
p-value #NAME? #NAME?
sig #NAME? #NAME?
4 4 4 4
2 1 2 3
4 2 3 4
3 2 2 2
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
0.05 0.025321 0.025321 0.025321
44 44 44 44
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4.25 5.583333 4.25 3.833333
3.166667 4.015 3.833333 3.166667
1.083333 1.568333 0.416667 0.666667
0.477723 0.477723 0.477723 0.477723
2.2677 3.282931 0.872192 1.395508
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
REGWQ data analysis
MD MC WD WC REGWQ TEST
3 2 5 4 group mean size std dev
5 4 8 5 MD 4.25 12 1.76455
6 3 6 3 MC 3.166667 12 1.642245
1 5 4 7 WD 5.583333 12 1.564279
5 1 7 6 WC 3.833333 12 1.642245
6 5 8 3
4 2 5 2 Q TEST alpha
3 3 6 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
7 6 6 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 2 3 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 4 4 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 1 5 3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.05
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
REGWQ post-hoc test ANOVA: Single Factor
#NAME?
FDR 0.05
# of tests 0
Levene's test using 10% trimmed group means Anova: Single Factor
F P-value F crit
0.188146 0.903572 2.94669
F P-value F crit
0.061348 0.979712 2.94669
Real Statistics function
F P-value F crit
0.188146 0.903572 2.94669
Levene's test for homogeneity of variances
type p-value
Count Sum Average Variance means #NAME?
10 30 3 3.333333 medians #NAME?
10 33 3.3 6.666667 trimmed #NAME?
10 30 3 4.055556
SS df MS F P-value F crit
0.6 2 0.3 0.064032 0.938117 3.354131
126.5 27 4.68518519
127.1 29
Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variances
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(I6,I3)
=CHISQ.INV.RT(I8,I3)
#NAME?
Fligner-Killeen Test Residuals from median Ranking
p-value
Normalization
#NAME?
Transformations - Log
A B C D E A B
32 63 6 15 55 1.50515 1.799341
13 13 16 68 59 1.113943 1.113943
19 56 31 49 21 1.278754 1.748188
15 28 41 39 91 1.176091 1.447158
12 11 13 23 27 1.079181 1.041393
9 9 14 21 64 0.954243 0.954243
5 23 21 32 54 0.69897 1.361728
22 51 29 34 57 1.342423 1.70757
11 53 12 73 1.041393 1.724276
12 61 42 1.079181 1.78533
mean 15 36.8 22.5 35.125 55.66667 mean 1.126933 1.468317
stdev 7.6594169 22.05448 12.58968 17.11672 21.3834 stdev 0.221101 0.332513
var 58.666667 486.4 158.5 292.9821 457.25 var 0.048886 0.110565
median 12.5 39.5 18.5 33 57 median 1.096562 1.577364
r 0.8812586 r -0.14387
A B C D E
Min 5 9 6 15 21 Raw Data
Q1-Min 6.25 6.5 7.25 7.5 33
70
Med-Q1 1.25 24 5.25 10.5 3
Q3-Med 5.5 15.75 12 8.5 7 60
Max-Q3 14 7.75 11.5 26.5 27 50
40
30
20
10
0
A B C
A B C D E
Min 0.69897 0.954243 0.778151 1.176091 1.322219 Log Transfor
Q1-Min 0.3518698 0.221647 0.343838 0.175759 0.410174
2
Med-Q1 0.0457225 0.401475 0.14118 0.166464 0.023481
1.8
Q3-Med 0.1565257 0.164846 0.220951 0.097533 0.050305
1.6
Max-Q3 0.252062 0.057131 0.139129 0.216661 0.152861
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
A B C
Levene's Test (Raw data)
A B C D E
0.40859 0.22198 0.48502 0.34222 0.01551
0.01738 0.46342 0.05905 0.31419 0.01498
0.18219 0.17082 0.22819 0.17188 0.43366
0.07953 0.13021 0.34961 0.07275 0.20317
0.01738 0.53597 0.14923 0.15659 0.32451
0.14232 0.62312 0.11704 0.1961 0.05031
0.39759 0.21564 0.05905 0.01316 0.02348
0.24586 0.13021 0.19923 0.01316 0
B C D E 0.05517 0.14691 0.18399 0.10745
0.01738 0.20797 0.36008
Log Transform
Log Transform
A B C D E
1.50515 1.79934 0.77815 1.17609 1.74036
1.11394 1.11394 1.20412 1.83251 1.77085
1.27875 1.74819 1.49136 1.6902 1.32222
1.17609 1.44716 1.61278 1.59106 1.95904
1.07918 1.04139 1.11394 1.36173 1.43136
0.95424 0.95424 1.14613 1.32222 1.80618
B C D E 0.69897 1.36173 1.32222 1.50515 1.73239
1.34242 1.70757 1.4624 1.53148 1.75587
1.04139 1.72428 1.07918 1.86332
1.07918 1.78533 1.62325
mean 1.12693 1.46832 1.28335 1.5013 1.70907
stdev 0.2211 0.33251 0.26908 0.21101 0.20311
var 0.04889 0.11057 0.0724 0.04453 0.04125
median 1.09656 1.57736 1.26317 1.51831 1.75587
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
A 10 52 5.2 35.56667
B 10 200 20 50.05556
C 10 103 10.3 58.4
D 8 99 12.375 123.125
E 9 130 14.44444 224.5278
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 1177.692 4 294.423 3.127172 0.024396 2.594263
Within Groups 3954.297 42 94.14993
Total 5131.989 46
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
A 10 1.563393 0.156339 0.022753
B 10 2.84624 0.284624 0.033766
C 10 2.190488 0.219049 0.01954
D 8 1.28006 0.160008 0.015596
E 9 1.173057 0.13034 0.024605
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 0.148213 4 0.037053 1.57111 0.199697 2.594263
Within Groups 0.990535 42 0.023584
Total 1.138748 46
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
A 10 1.563393 0.156339 0.022753
B 10 2.84624 0.284624 0.033766
C 10 2.190488 0.219049 0.01954
D 8 1.28006 0.160008 0.015596
E 9 1.173057 0.13034 0.024605
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 0.148213 4 0.037053 1.57111 0.199697 2.594263
Within Groups 0.990535 42 0.023584
Total 1.138748 46
Outliers
Method 3 Method 4
ok outlier
ok ok
ok ok
ok ok
ok ok
ok ok
ok ok
ok ok
Kruskal-Wallis
Schaich-Hamerle Test
n R R/n
New 10 187.5 18.75
Old 9 76.5 8.5
Control 8 114 14.25
n 27
k 3
α 0.05
χα,k-1 5.9915
SSB 498.375
n(n+1)/12 0
H #DIV/0!
H #NAME?
p-value #NAME?
Real Statistics data analysis tool
Kruskal-Wallis Test
0.05
0
Benjamini-Yekutieli Method
#DIV/0! 0.05
0
D A V B scores
1 45 59 49 72 15 5 6 mean 90.5
2 35 53 69 55 16 8 1 var 291.9167
3 51 31 52 65 12.5 11 5 JT-stat 133.5
4 31 47 55 58 16.5 11 4.5 z 2.516744
5 62 42 63 61 4 11 2 p-value 0.005922
6 59 51 5 r-effect 0.536572
n 5 6 5 6 22 64 51 18.5
Mdn 45 50 55 59.5
###
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
=1-NORM.S.DIST(M7,TRUE) #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Kruskal-Wallis Test
D A V B
median 45 50 55 59.5
rank sum #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
count 5 6 5 6 22
r^2/n #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
H-stat #NAME?
H-ties #NAME?
df 3
p-value #NAME?
alpha 0.05
sig #NAME?
Brown-Forsythe F* Test
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS
Between Groups 1645.34 3 548.4479
Within Groups 5025.63 28 179.4866
Total 6670.97 31
Brown-Forsythe F*
F* #NAME?
df* #NAME?
p-value #NAME?
Brown-Forsythe F* Test
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F
Between Groups 1394.17 3 464.7245 2.62311
Within Groups 4429.14 25 177.1655
Total 5823.31 28
Data analysis tool
Brown-Forsythe F*
Brown-Forsythe Test
#NAME?
DESCRIPTION
Groups Count Sum
New 10 430
Old 9 301
Control 8 286
ANOVA
Sources SS df
Between Groups 474.2778 2
Within Groups 2697.722 24
Total 3172 26
Column E Column H
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Data analysis tool
Welch's Test
Alpha 0.05
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Alpha 0.05 #NAME? #NAME?
Mean Variance SS Std Err Lower Upper #NAME? #NAME?
43 16.22222 146 3.352687 35.4157 50.5843 sig #NAME?
33.44444 86.52778 692.2222 3.534042 25.29493 41.59396
35.75 265.6429 1859.5 3.748418 26.8864 44.6136
suppl #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Sample size
=ANOVA1_POWER(Q11,Q9,Q10)
=ANOVA1_POWER(Q12,Q9,Q10,2)
=ANOVA1_POWER(Q13,Q9,Q10,0)
Confidence interval of effect size and power
F 3.0556481 #NAME?
dfB 3 #NAME?
dfE 28 #NAME?
SSB 1645.3438 #NAME?
MSE 179.48661 #NAME?
k 4 #NAME?
n 32 #NAME?
alpha 0.05
λ 9.1669444 #NAME?
λ lower #NAME? #NAME?
λ upper #NAME? #NAME?
f 0.5352261 #NAME?
f lower #NAME? #NAME?
f upper #NAME? #NAME?
RMSSE 0.6180259 #NAME?
RMSEE lower #NAME? #NAME?
RMSEE upper #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05
1-β #NAME? #NAME?
1-β lower #NAME? #NAME?
1-β upper #NAME? #NAME?
ANOVA Resampling
Frequency
2500
2 858 8420 0.0858 0.842 2000
2.5 562 8982 0.0562 0.8982 1500
F crit RMSSE Omega Sq 3 348 9330 0.0348 0.933 1000
3.402826 0.470323 0.075955 3.5 220 9550 0.022 0.955 500
4 141 9691 0.0141 0.9691 0
0 0.5
4.5 83 9774 0.0083 0.9774
5 72 9846 0.0072 0.9846
5.5 55 9901 0.0055 0.9901
6 28 9929 0.0028 0.9929
More 71 10000 0.0071 1
10000
Analysis: F statistic
alpha 0.05
sample F 2.109681
p-value 0.1429
Bootstrapping: ANOVA
Histogram
bin freq
4500
0 0
4000
0.2 357
3500
0.4 314
3000
0.6 245
Frequency
2500
2000
0.8 168
1500 1 155
1000 1.2 130
500 1.4 109
0 1.6 80
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 More
1.8 60
Bin 2 80
2.2 56
2.4 40
2.6 33
2.8 22
3 14
3.2 20
3.4 17
3.6 19
3.8 12
4 6
4.2 8
4.4 9
4.6 8
4.8 4
5 4
5.2 1
5.4 4
5.6 1
5.8 4
6 1
More 19
2000
Analysis: F statistic
alpha 0.05
sample F 2.109681
p-value 0.1375
pping: ANOVA Randomization: ANOVA
Frequency
2500
1239 0.0775 0.6195 2.5 556 9047 0.0556 0.9047
2000
1369 0.065 0.6845 3 312 9359 0.0312 0.9359
1500
1478 0.0545 0.739 3.5 213 9572 0.0213 0.9572
1000
1558 0.04 0.779 4 139 9711 0.0139 0.9711
500
1618 0.03 0.809 4.5 87 9798 0.0087 0.9798
0
1698 0.04 0.849 5 58 9856 0.0058 0.9856 0 0.5
1754 0.028 0.877 5.5 37 9893 0.0037 0.9893
1794 0.02 0.897 6 28 9921 0.0028 0.9921
1827 0.0165 0.9135 More 79 10000 0.0079 1
1849 0.011 0.9245 10000
1863 0.007 0.9315
1883 0.01 0.9415 Analysis: F statistic
1900 0.0085 0.95
1919 0.0095 0.9595 alpha 0.05
1931 0.006 0.9655 sample F 2.109681
1937 0.003 0.9685 p-value 0.1372
1945 0.004 0.9725
1954 0.0045 0.977
1962 0.004 0.981
1966 0.002 0.983
1970 0.002 0.985
1971 0.0005 0.9855
1975 0.002 0.9875
1976 0.0005 0.988
1980 0.002 0.99
1981 0.0005 0.9905
2000 0.0095 1
Histogram
4500
4000
3500
3000
Frequency
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 More
Bin
ANOVA Resampling (on error)
Frequency
40 32 44 0.8 964 5367 0.0964 0.5367 800
600
49 25 55 1 806 6173 0.0806 0.6173 400
42 40 1.2 665 6838 0.0665 0.6838 200
41 1.4 523 7361 0.0523 0.7361 0
0 4 8
1.6 474 7835 0.0474 0.7835 0 . 0.
1.8 363 8198 0.0363 0.8198
2 296 8494 0.0296 0.8494
2.2 240 8734 0.024 0.8734
2.4 186 8920 0.0186 0.892
2.6 181 9101 0.0181 0.9101
2.8 162 9263 0.0162 0.9263 1200
3 117 9380 0.0117 0.938
1000
3.2 95 9475 0.0095 0.9475
3.4 79 9554 0.0079 0.9554 800
3.6 60 9614 0.006 0.9614 600
Frequency
3.8 68 9682 0.0068 0.9682 400
4 40 9722 0.004 0.9722
200
4.2 36 9758 0.0036 0.9758
4.4 24 9782 0.0024 0.9782 0
0 5 1
4.6 24 9806 0.0024 0.9806 0.
4.8 27 9833 0.0027 0.9833
5 13 9846 0.0013 0.9846
5.2 21 9867 0.0021 0.9867
5.4 21 9888 0.0021 0.9888
5.6 14 9902 0.0014 0.9902
5.8 10 9912 0.001 0.9912
6 5 9917 0.0005 0.9917
More 83 10000 0.0083 1
10000
Analysis: F statistic
alpha 0.05
sample F 2.109681
p-value 0.1364
Randomization: ANOVA (error scores)
Histogram
2000 bin freq
1800 0 0
1600 0.1 960
1400
1200 0.2 821
1000 0.3 765
Frequency
Analysis: F statistic
alpha 0.05
sample F 2.109681
p-value 0.1412
zation: ANOVA (error scores) Randomization: ANOVA (error scores)
Frequency
1000
4397 0.0566 0.4397 1.50 604 7477 0.0604 0.7477
4872 0.0475 0.4872 1.75 482 7959 0.0482 0.7959 500
5336 0.0464 0.5336 2.00 394 8353 0.0394 0.8353
0
5767 0.0431 0.5767 2.25 335 8688 0.0335 0.8688
00 50 00
6148 0.0381 0.6148 2.50 273 8961 0.0273 0.8961 0. 0. 1.
6490 0.0342 0.649 2.75 211 9172 0.0211 0.9172
6809 0.0319 0.6809 3.00 147 9319 0.0147 0.9319
7065 0.0256 0.7065 3.25 119 9438 0.0119 0.9438
7312 0.0247 0.7312 3.50 105 9543 0.0105 0.9543
7547 0.0235 0.7547 3.75 88 9631 0.0088 0.9631
7790 0.0243 0.779 4.00 67 9698 0.0067 0.9698
7980 0.019 0.798 4.25 54 9752 0.0054 0.9752
8173 0.0193 0.8173 4.50 47 9799 0.0047 0.9799
8305 0.0132 0.8305 4.75 27 9826 0.0027 0.9826
8454 0.0149 0.8454 5.00 26 9852 0.0026 0.9852
8576 0.0122 0.8576 More 148 10000 0.0148 1
8686 0.011 0.8686 10000
8789 0.0103 0.8789
8899 0.011 0.8899
8981 0.0082 0.8981
9064 0.0083 0.9064
9138 0.0074 0.9138
9210 0.0072 0.921
9267 0.0057 0.9267
9329 0.0062 0.9329
9387 0.0058 0.9387
9432 0.0045 0.9432
9476 0.0044 0.9476
9524 0.0048 0.9524
9561 0.0037 0.9561
9582 0.0021 0.9582
9616 0.0034 0.9616
9646 0.003 0.9646
9666 0.002 0.9666
9692 0.0026 0.9692
9715 0.0023 0.9715
9735 0.002 0.9735
9761 0.0026 0.9761
9776 0.0015 0.9776
9788 0.0012 0.9788
9806 0.0018 0.9806
9824 0.0018 0.9824
9842 0.0018 0.9842
9851 0.0009 0.9851
9861 0.001 0.9861
9870 0.0009 0.987
9878 0.0008 0.9878
9887 0.0009 0.9887
9894 0.0007 0.9894
9907 0.0013 0.9907
9912 0.0005 0.9912
9915 0.0003 0.9915
9921 0.0006 0.9921
9930 0.0009 0.993
9934 0.0004 0.9934
9940 0.0006 0.994
9942 0.0002 0.9942
9945 0.0003 0.9945
9946 0.0001 0.9946
9950 0.0004 0.995
9954 0.0004 0.9954
9958 0.0004 0.9958
9960 0.0002 0.996
9965 0.0005 0.9965
9967 0.0002 0.9967
9969 0.0002 0.9969
9969 0 0.9969
9972 0.0003 0.9972
9975 0.0003 0.9975
9979 0.0004 0.9979
9980 0.0001 0.998
9981 0.0001 0.9981
9983 0.0002 0.9983
9983 0 0.9983
9984 0.0001 0.9984
10000 0.0016 1
Histogram
2500
2000
1500
Frequency
1000
500
0
00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00
0. 0. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5.
Bin
Analysis: F statistic
alpha 0.05
sample F 2.109681
p-value 0.1477
Multiple Sample Test of the Coefficients of Variation
A B C k 3
72.5 203.0 156.1 n 32
71.7 172.3 112.7 V-pooled 0.1298374
80.8 180.1 131.0 num 0.0638212
63.2 190.2 135.1 den 0.0087131
71.4 195.4 100.6 chi-sq 7.3247721
73.1 153.6 160.6 df 2
77.9 166.4 171.4 p-value 0.0256712
75.7 167.6 95.5
72.0 184.7 150.3
59.0 187.5 128.8
219.8 170.2
size 10 11 11
mean 71.7 183.7 137.5
stdev 6.442575 18.64862 26.69505
V 0.089817 0.101522 0.194171
n-1 9 10 10
#NAME? Shapiro-Wilk Test
#NAME?
#NAME? A B C
#NAME? W #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? p-value #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? alpha 0.05 0.05 0.05
#NAME? normal #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
=CHISQ.DIST.RT(G8,G9)
Mood's Median Test
Alpha 0.05
#NAME?
#NAME? Median 38
#NAME? Chi-sq #NAME?
=CHI_STAT(F6:H7) df 2
=CHI_TEST(F6:H7) p-value #NAME?
sig #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Two Factor ANOVA without replication
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS
Rows 3629.167 2 1814.583
Columns 1116.917 3 372.3056
Error 848.8333 6 141.4722
Total 5594.917 11
Variance
317.6667
188.9167
148.6667
282.3333
382.3333
1425
149.3333
Using Real Statistics functions
ANOVA
F P-value F crit Source of Variation SS df MS F
12.82643 0.006811 5.143253 Rows #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2.631651 0.144561 4.757063 Columns #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Error #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
COUNT ANOVA
Wheat Corn Soy Rice
Blend X 1 1 1 1 4 Rows
Blend Y 1 1 1 1 4 Columns
Blend Z 1 1 1 1 4 Error
3 3 3 3 12
Total
MEAN
Wheat Corn Soy Rice
Blend X 123 138 110 151 130.5
Blend Y 145 165 140 167 154.25
Blend Z 156 176 185 175 173
P-value 141.3333 159.6667 145 164.3333 152.5833
#NAME?
#NAME? VARIANCE
Wheat Corn Soy Rice
Blend X #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 317.6667
Blend Y #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 188.9167
Blend Z #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 148.6667
282.3333 382.3333 1425 149.3333 508.6288
Two Factor Anova
Alpha 0.05
SS df MS F p-value sig
3629.167 2 1814.583 12.82643 0.006811 yes
1116.917 3 372.3056 2.631651 0.144561 no
848.8333 6 141.4722
5594.917 11 508.6288
Two Factor ANOVA without replication Contrast: Two Factor Anova w/o Replication
Alpha 0.05
std err t-stat df p-value sig effect d effect r
9.952753 3.077038 3 0.054262 no 1.538519 0.998404
Two Factor ANOVA without replication
Blend X Blend Y Blend Z
Wheat Corn Soy Rice Wheat 123 145 156
Blend X 123 138 110 151 Corn 138 165 176
Blend Y 145 165 140 167 Soy 110 140 185
Blend Z 156 176 185 175 Rice 151 167 175
Total
Count 15 15
Sum 2197 2343
Average 146.4667 156.2
Variance 705.8381 871.0286
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df
Fertilizer (Rows) 8782.9 2
Crop (Columns) 3411.65 3
Interaction 6225.9 6
Within 21220.4 48
Total 39640.85 59
ROWS(FERTLIZER) Sum
Blend X 2921
Blend Y 3042
Blend Z 3484
5 5 20 180
879 706 2921
170
175.8 141.2 146.05
278.7 354.2 782.3658 160
Ble
Ble
150
Ble
5 5 20
701 827 3042 140
140.2 165.4 152.1
130
165.7 217.3 511.0421
120
Wheat Corn Soy Rice
5 5 20
932 862 3484
186.4 172.4 174.2
212.3 175.8 330.6947
15 15 60
2512 2395 9447
167.4667 159.6667 157.45
605.981 404.9524 671.8788 Using Real Statistics functions
ANOVA
MS F P-value F crit Source SS df MS
4391.45 9.933347 0.000245 3.190727 Fertilizer #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1137.217 2.572355 0.064944 2.798061 Crop #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1037.65 2.347138 0.045555 2.294601 Inter #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
442.0917 Within #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Total #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
180
170
160 Wheat
Blend X
Corn
Blend Y
150 Soy
Blend Z
Rice
140
130
120
Soy Rice Blend X Blend Y Blend Z
F P-value
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Wheat
Corn
Soy
Rice
Two Factor ANOVA Real Statistics analysis tool Descriptive Statistics
146.05
152.1
174.2 Soy
157.45
782.3658 Rice
511.0421
330.6947
671.8788
Input data with rows and columns exchanged
Blend X 20 2921
Blend Y 20 3042
Blend Z 20 3484
Wheat 15 2197
Corn 15 2343
Soy 15 2512
Rice 15 2395
146.05
152.1
174.2
146.4667
156.2
167.4667
159.6667
Soy Rice
175.8 141.2
140.2 165.4
186.4 172.4
Formulas for SS terms
P-value F crit
0.000245 3.190727 Fertilizer (Rows) =DEVSQ(J17:J19)/I17
0.064944 2.798061 Crop (Columns) =DEVSQ(J21:J24)/I21
0.045555 2.294601 Interaction =P10-P5-P6-P8
Within =SUM(M4:M15)
Total =DEVSQ(C4:G15)
Two Factor ANOVA Descriptive Statistics Two Factor Anova
Box Plot
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
High-Direct High-OEM High-Reseller Low-Direct Low-OEM Low-Reseller
Outliers and Missing Data
Alpha 0.05
SS df MS F p-value sig
6125.35 3 2041.783 4.618461 0.006436 yes
2269.8 3 756.6 1.71141 0.177167 no
1242.4 3 414.1333 0.936759 0.430268 no
21220.4 48 442.0917
Alpha 0.05
SS df MS F p-value sig
2736.933 2 1368.467 3.095436 0.054395 no
3734.8 2 1867.4 4.224011 0.020428 yes
5856.933 2 2928.467 6.624116 0.002881 yes
2680.133 2 1340.067 3.031196 0.057584 no
21220.4 48 442.0917
Contrasts for two-way ANOVA
Total
Count 15 15 15
Sum 379 334 383
Average 25.26667 22.26667 25.53333
Variance 59.06667 56.06667 182.5524
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F
Sample 1255.244 2 627.6222 11.13244
Columns 98.71111 2 49.35556 0.875443
Interaction 882.7556 4 220.6889 3.914466
Within 2029.6 36 56.37778
Total 4266.311 44
Body Location Anova: Single Factor (Simple Effect: Cold vs Body Location)
Climate Arm Neck Foot
Cold 15 21 11 SUMMARY
23 11 8 Groups Count Sum Average Variance
26 28 2 Arm 5 114 22.8 38.2
19 16 19 Neck 5 99 19.8 42.7
31 23 10 Foot 5 50 10 37.5
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F
Between Groups 448.1333 2 224.0667 5.677365
Within Groups 473.6 12 39.46667
Total 921.7333 14
P-value F crit
0.000664 3.219942
Reformatted
35
SUMMARY
30 Cold
Count
25
Sum
Arm
20 Average
Neck
Variance
15 Foot
10 Dry
Count
5
Sum
0 Average
Cold Dry Humid Variance
ANOVA
Variation
Climate
Body Part
Interaction
Within
Total
eformatted
Total
5 5 5 15 Count 15 15 15
125 105 147 377 Sum 379 334 383
25 21 29.4 25.13333 Average 25.26667 22.26667 25.53333
69.5 44.5 35.3 55.26667 Variance 59.06667 56.06667 182.5524
SS df MS F P-value F crit
1255.244 2 627.6222 11.13244 0.000172 3.25944631
98.71111 2 49.35556 0.875443 0.42536 3.25944631
882.7556 4 220.6889 3.914466 0.009704 2.63353209
2029.6 36 56.37778
4266.311 44
Contrasts for two-way ANOVA
Descriptive Statistics
Body Location
Climate Arm Neck Foot COUNT balanced
Cold 15 21 11 Arm Neck Foot
23 11 8 Cold 5 5 5 15
26 28 2 Dry 5 5 5 15
19 16 19 Humid 5 5 5 15
31 23 10 15 15 15 45
Dry 33 25 30
26 29 29 MEAN
15 17 39 Arm Neck Foot
18 22 25 Cold 22.8 19.8 10 17.53333
33 12 24 Dry 25 21 29.4 25.13333
Humid 28 16 26 Humid 28 26 37.2 30.4
20 18 37 25.26667 22.26667 25.53333 24.35556
18 26 39
36 36 34 VARIANCE
38 34 50 Arm Neck Foot
Cold 38.2 42.7 37.5 65.8381
Dry 69.5 44.5 35.3 55.26667
Humid 82 82 75.7 93.97143
59.06667 56.06667 182.5524 96.96162
Body Location
Climate Arm Neck Foot
Cold 15 21 11
23 11 8
26 28 2
19 16 19
31 23 10
ANOVA
SS
Arm 68.13333
Neck 108.1333
Foot 1961.733
Error 2029.6
CONTRAST: ROWS
Groups c mean n
Alpha 0.05 Cold -1 17.53333 15
df MS F p-value sig Dry 25.13333 15
2 224.0667 3.974379 0.027568 yes Humid 1 30.4 15
2 88.26667 1.565629 0.222852 no 0 12.86667 7.5
2 178.4 3.164367 0.054201 no T TEST
36 56.37778 std err t-stat df p-value
2.741722 4.692915 36 3.83E-05
ffects: Columns
CONTRAST
Arm Neck Foot
Cold -1
Dry
Humid 1
CONTRAST
Arm Neck Foot
Cold -0.5 -0.5
Dry
Humid 0.5 0.5
CONTRAST
Arm Neck Foot
Cold -1
Dry
Humid 1
CONTRAST
Arm Neck Foot
Cold
Dry
Humid -1 1
Alpha 0.05
t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d effect r
2.028094 7.306198 18.42714 yes 1.71361 0.616085
Alpha 0.05
t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d effect r
2.028094 -5.2938 5.827136 no 0.035515 0.016208
CONTRAST: INTERACTIONS
row column c mean n
Cold Foot -1 10 5
Humid Foot 1 37.2 5
0 1
0 1
0 27.2 2.5
T TEST Alpha 0.05
std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d
4.748801 5.727762 36 1.61E-06 2.028094 17.56899 36.83101 yes 3.622554
CONTRAST: INTERACTIONS
row column c mean n
Cold Arm -0.5 22.8 5
Cold Neck -0.5 19.8 5
Humid Arm 0.5 28 5
Humid Neck 0.5 26 5
0 5.7 5
T TEST Alpha 0.05
std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d
3.357909 1.697485 36 0.098235 2.028094 -1.11016 12.51016 no 0.759138
CONTRAST: INTERACTIONS
row column c mean n
Cold Foot -1 10 5
Humid Foot 1 37.2 5
0 27.2 2.5
T TEST Alpha 0.05
std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d
4.748801 5.727762 36 1.61E-06 2.028094 17.56899 36.83101 yes 3.622554
CONTRAST: INTERACTIONS
row column c mean n
Humid Arm -1 28 5
Humid Foot 1 37.2 5
0 9.2 2.5
T TEST Alpha 0.05
std err t-stat df p-value t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d
4.748801 1.937331 36 0.060582 2.028094 -0.43101 18.83101 no 1.225276
effect r
0.690507
effect r
0.272229
effect r
0.690507
effect r
0.307268
Tukey HSD Two Factor ANOVA Descriptive Statistics
Q TEST
group 1
Arm
Arm
Neck
TUKEY HSD; ROW EFFECT alpha 0.05
mean size df q-crit
17.53333 15
25.13333 15
30.4 15
45 36 #NAME?
group 2 mean std err q-stat mean-crit lower upper p-value Cohen d
Dry 7.6 1.93869 3.920173 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1.012184
Humid 12.86667 1.93869 6.636784 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1.71361
Humid 5.266667 1.93869 2.716611 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.701426
group 2 mean std err q-stat mean-crit lower upper p-value Cohen d
Neck 3 1.93869 1.547437 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.399546
Foot 0.266667 1.93869 0.13755 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.035515
Foot 3.266667 1.93869 1.684987 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0.435062
CONTRAST TUKEY HSD: INTERACTION
Arm Neck Foot row column mean n k
Cold 1 -1 Cold Arm 22.8 5
Dry Cold Foot 10 5
Humid 12.8 5 9
Q TEST
std err q-stat df q-crit mean-crit
3.357909 3.811896 36 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
Alpha 0.05
lower upper p-value Cohen d
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1.704732
adj k
#NAME?
Alpha 0.05
lower upper p-value Cohen d
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 2.583734
3-way ANOVA
m a b c
12 2 2 2 Count SS
T 16867.656
Means A 48 0.84375
B 48810.8438
Italian Foreign C 4825.01042
Male 22.25 26.875 24.5625 AB Bet 24845.5313
Female 21.25 28.25 24.75 AxB AB-A-B 33.84375
21.75 27.5625 24.65625 AC Bet 24 472.1979
AxC AC-A-C 446.3438
Seated Prone BC Bet 24 858.8646
Male 22.91667 26.20833 24.5625 BxC BC-B-C 23.01042
Female 27.41667 22.08333 24.75 ABC Bet 12 2623.24
25.16667 24.14583 24.65625 A x B x C ABC-A-B-C-AB-BC-AC 1283.344
Error T - all 4244.417
Italian Foreign
Seated 22.75 27.58333 25.16667 ANOVA
Prone 20.75 27.54167 24.14583 Source of Variation SS
21.75 27.5625 24.65625 A (Gender) 0.84375
B (Nationality) 810.8438
C (Position) 25.01042
AxB 33.84375
AxC 446.3438
BxC 23.01042
AxBxC 1283.344
Error (Within) 4244.417
Total 6867.656
df MS Formulas for SS
95 72.29112 =DEVSQ(D4:O11)
1 0.84375 =DEVSQ(V9:V10)*Y6
1 810.8438 =DEVSQ(T11:U11)*Y7
1 25.01042 =DEVSQ(V19:V20)*Y8
3 281.8438 =DEVSQ(T9:U10)*Y9
1 33.84375 =Z9-Z6-Z7
3 157.3993 =DEVSQ(T14:U15)*Y11
1 446.3438 =Z11-Z6-Z8
3 286.2882 =DEVSQ(T19:U20)*Y13
1 23.01042 =Z13-Z7-Z8
7 374.7485 =DEVSQ(Q4:Q11)*Y15
1 1283.344 =Z15-Z6-Z7-Z8-Z10-Z12-Z14
88 48.23201 =Z5-Z6-Z7-Z8-Z10-Z12-Z14-Z16
df MS F P-value F crit
1 0.84375 0.017494 0.895078 3.949321
1 810.8438 16.81132 9.18E-05 3.949321
1 25.01042 0.518544 0.473372 3.949321
1 33.84375 0.701687 0.404487 3.949321
1 446.3438 9.254099 0.003097 3.949321
1 23.01042 0.477078 0.491567 3.949321
1 1283.344 26.60772 1.52E-06 3.949321
88 48.23201
95
Three Factor ANOVA - row format
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
72.29112
Input data in row format
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Three Factor ANOVA - column format Descriptive Statistics
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
62.60635
Input data in row format
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
64.06061
Three Factor ANOVA Descriptive Statistics
Q TEST
std err q-stat
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
Group 3 c mean count
#NAME? 1 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? -0.5 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? -0.5 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0 0 #NAME?
Alpha 0.05
df p-value t-crit lower upper sig Cohen d effect r
0 #NAME? Err:502 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
VARIANCE
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 132.0867
Gage R&R
VARIATION
Var % Std Dev %
Tot Gage R&R #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
- Repeatability #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
- Reproducibility #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-- Operator #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-- Op*Part #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Part-to-Part #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Tot Variation #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
VARIATION
Var % Std Dev %
Tot Gage R&R #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
- Repeatability #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
- Reproducibility #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-- Operator #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
-- Op*Part 0 #NAME? 0 #NAME?
Part-to-Part #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Tot Variation #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
VARIATION
Var % Std Dev %
Tot Gage R&R 8.098276 8.3% 2.845747 28.8%
- Repeatability 2.981678 3.0% 1.726754 17.5%
- Reproducibility 5.116598 5.2% 2.26199 22.9%
-- Operator 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
-- Op*Part 5.116598 5.2% 2.26199 22.9%
Part-to-Part 89.77219 91.7% 9.474819 95.8%
Tot Variation 97.87047 100.0% 9.89295 100.0%
No. of categories 4
Scheirer-Ray-Hare Test
Ranks
Crop
Fertilizer Wheat Corn Soy Rice Fertilizer Wheat Corn Soy
Blend X 123 128 166 151 Blend X #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
156 150 178 125 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
112 174 187 117 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
100 116 153 155 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
168 109 195 158 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Blend Y 135 175 140 167 Blend Y #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
130 132 145 183 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
176 120 159 142 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
120 187 131 167 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
155 184 126 168 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Blend Z 156 186 185 175 Blend Z #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
180 138 206 173 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
147 178 188 154 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
146 176 165 191 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
193 190 188 169 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Descriptive Statistics Scheirer Ray Hare Test
VARIANCE
Wheat Corn
Blend X #NAME? #NAME?
Blend Y #NAME? #NAME?
Blend Z #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Two Factor Anova
Soy Rice
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Soy Rice
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
One-way ANOVA Format
Blend X-Wheat Blend X-Corn Blend X-Soy Blend X-Rice Blend Y-Wheat
sig 123 128 166 151 135
#NAME? 156 150 178 125 130
#NAME? 112 174 187 117 176
#NAME? 100 116 153 155 120
168 109 195 158 155
Shapiro-Wilk Test
Blend Y-Wheat Blend Y-Corn Blend Y-Soy Blend Y-Rice Blend Z-Wheat Blend Z-Corn
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Blend Z-Rice
175
173
154
191
169
SUMMARY
Groups Count
Flavor 1 6
Flavor 2 6
Flavor 3 6
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS
Between Groups 21
Within Groups 237.5
Total 258.5
Effect size
ω2 -0.03888
ω 0.197186
SS MS F Significance F
21 10.5 0.66315789 0.529691494
237.5 15.8333333
258.5
df MS F P-value F crit
2 10.5 0.66315789 0.529691494 3.68232034
15 15.8333333
17
ANOVA using Regression
Model with Dummy Variables SUMMARY OUTPUT
Flavor 1 Flavor 2 Flavor 3 Score t1 t2
16 7 15 16 1 0 Regression Statistics
8 14 12 8 1 0 Multiple R 0.28502265
14 10 11 14 1 0 R Square 0.08123791
12 12 17 12 1 0 Adjusted R Square -0.0412637
15 8 20 15 1 0 Standard Error 3.97911213
7 18 9 7 1 0 Observations 18
7 0 1
14 0 1 ANOVA
10 0 1 df
12 0 1 Regression 2
8 0 1 Residual 15
18 0 1 Total 17
15 -1 -1
12 -1 -1 Coefficients
11 -1 -1 Intercept 12.5
17 -1 -1 t1 -0.5
20 -1 -1 t2 -1
9 -1 -1
SUMMARY
Groups Count
Flavor 1 6
Flavor 2 6
Flavor 3 6
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS
Between Groups 21
Within Groups 237.5
Total 258.5
Analysis of means
Flavor 1
16
8
14
12
15
7
mean 12
SS MS F Significance F grp effect -0.5
21 10.5 0.66315789 0.529691494
237.5 15.8333333
258.5
df MS F P-value F crit
2 10.5 0.66315789 0.529691494 3.68232034
15 15.8333333
17
Analysis of means
Flavor 2 Flavor 3
7 15
14 12
10 11
12 17
8 20
18 9
11.5 14 12.5
-1 1.5
Two-way ANOVA using regression
b0 165.4
b3 -25.2
b2 -5.8
b1 -24.2
b5 59.8
b4 2.8E-14
Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
Blend Y
Count 5 5 5 15
Sum 798 701 827 2326
Average 159.6 140.2 165.4 155.0667
Variance 978.3 165.7 217.3 513.3524
Total
Count 10 10 10
Sum 1475 1580 1533
Average 147.5 158 153.3
Variance 912.0556 549.5556 416.6778
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Rows 136.5333 1 136.5333 0.303183 0.586983 4.259677
Columns 553.2667 2 276.6333 0.614286 0.549317 3.402826
Interaction 5960.067 2 2980.033 6.617395 0.005142 3.402826
Within 10808 24 450.3333
Total 17457.87 29
MST 601.9954
R 0.380909
ω2 0.245597
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.617178634
R Square 0.380909466
Adjusted R Square 0.251932271
Standard Error 21.22105872
Observations 30
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 5 6649.86666667 1329.973333 2.95330866 0.0323741792
Residual 24 10808 450.3333333
Total 29 17457.8666667
R 0.380909466
Regression (Row)
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.088434915
R Square 0.007820734
Adjusted R Square -0.02761424
Standard Error 24.87205355
Observations 30
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 136.533333333 136.5333333 0.220706643 0.6421403428
Residual 28 17321.3333333 618.6190476
Total 29 17457.8666667
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.178021176
R Square 0.031691539
Adjusted R Square -0.04003501
Standard Error 25.02191632
Observations 30
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 2 553.266666667 276.6333333 0.441838316 0.6474188037
Residual 27 16904.6 626.0962963
Total 29 17457.8666667
Upper 95%
168.2214075
14.33694621
Upper 95%
169.5353648
17.16027312
27.66027312
Two-way ANOVA using regression
Calculation of coefficients
b0 152.617
b1 -3.4167
b2 -5.1167
b3 4.75833
b4 -8.6833
b5 17.0417
t2 t3 t1 t1*t2 t1*t3 y
1 0 1 1 0 128
1 0 1 1 0 150
1 0 1 1 0 174
1 0 1 1 0 116
1 0 1 1 0 109
1 0 -1 -1 0 175
1 0 -1 -1 0 132
1 0 -1 -1 0 120
1 0 -1 -1 0 187
1 0 -1 -1 0 184
0 1 1 0 1 166
0 1 1 0 1 178
0 1 1 0 1 187
0 1 1 0 1 153
0 1 -1 0 -1 140
0 1 -1 0 -1 145
0 1 -1 0 -1 159
0 1 -1 0 -1 131
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 151
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 125
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 117
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 155
-1 -1 1 -1 -1 158
-1 -1 -1 1 1 167
-1 -1 -1 1 1 183
-1 -1 -1 1 1 142
-1 -1 -1 1 1 167
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.560291649
R Square 0.313926732
Adjusted R Square 0.150575954
Standard Error 21.91618232
Observations 27
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 5 4615.37407407 923.0748148 1.921795147 0.1333573079
Residual 21 10086.7 480.3190476
Total 26 14702.0740741
α + β model
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.252842995
R Square 0.06392958
Adjusted R Square -0.05816656
Standard Error 24.46130632
Observations 27
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 3 939.897421182 313.2991404 0.523600329 0.6703789375
Residual 23 13762.1766529 598.3555066
Total 26 14702.0740741
α + αβ model
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.532888611
R Square 0.283970272
Adjusted R Square 0.19057509
Standard Error 21.39394684
Observations 27
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 3 4174.95196664 1391.650656 3.040523778 0.0493882353
Residual 23 10527.1221074 457.7009612
Total 26 14702.0740741
β + αβ model
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.541066633
R Square 0.292753101
Adjusted R Square 0.164162756
Standard Error 21.74019768
Observations 27
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 4 4304.07777778 1076.019444 2.276633604 0.0934594583
Residual 22 10397.9962963 472.6361953
Total 26 14702.0740741
Summary
ANOVA
dfReg SSReg R Square R Square x SST
α+β+αβ 5 4615.37407407 0.313926732
α+αβ 3 4174.95196664 0.283970272
β+αβ 4 4304.07777778 0.292753101
α+β 3 939.897421182 0.06392958
A 1 311.296296296 0.021173631 311.2962963
B 2 440.422107438 0.029956461 440.42210744
AB 2 3675.47665289 0.249997152 3675.4766529
ANOVA Results
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
Blend (Rows) 311.2962963 1 311.2962963 0.648103168 0.4298128072
Crop (Columns) 440.4221074 2 220.2110537 0.458468293 0.6384312823
Interaction 3675.476653 2 1837.738326 3.826078386 0.0382957648
Within 10086.7 21 480.3190476
Total 14702.07407 26
Blend Y
Count 5 5 5 15
Sum 798 701 827 2326
Average 159.6 140.2 165.4 155.0667
Variance 978.3 165.7 217.3 513.3524
Upper 95%
161.4426528 Total
5.409319422 Count 10 10 10
7.013490965 Sum 1475 1580 1533
17.58219381 Average 147.5 158 153.3
3.446824299 Variance 912.0556 549.5556 416.6778
29.86552715
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Rows 136.5333 1 136.5333 0.303183 0.586983 4.259677
Columns 553.2667 2 276.6333 0.614286 0.549317 3.402826
Interaction 5960.067 2 2980.033 6.617395 0.005142 3.402826
Within 10808 24 450.3333
Total 17457.87 29
MST 601.9954
R 0.380909
Upper 95%
162.1267951
5.419629311
8.616425864
19.26214103
Upper 95%
160.782729
5.168731736
3.059873211
29.45894348
Upper 95%
161.2150789
7.00505593
17.56652465
2.897295885
30.06991922
Two-way ANOVA Real Statistics tool Input data in standard format Descriptive Statistics
VARIANCE
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Input data with rows and columns exchanged
Gender
Male
Male
Male
Male
Female
Female
Female
Female
Three Factor ANOVA Input data in column format
Alpha 0.10
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 8.929 13.437 16.358 18.488 20.150 21.504 22.642 23.621 24.477 25.237 25.918
2 4.129 5.733 6.772 7.538 8.139 8.633 9.049 9.409 9.725 10.006 10.259
3 3.328 4.467 5.199 5.738 6.162 6.511 6.806 7.062 7.287 7.487 7.667
4 3.015 3.976 4.586 5.035 5.388 5.679 5.926 6.139 6.327 6.494 6.645
5 2.850 3.717 4.264 4.664 4.979 5.238 5.458 5.648 5.816 5.965 6.100
6 2.748 3.558 4.065 4.435 4.726 4.966 5.168 5.344 5.499 5.637 5.762
7 2.679 3.451 3.931 4.280 4.555 4.780 4.971 5.137 5.283 5.413 5.530
8 2.630 3.374 3.834 4.169 4.431 4.646 4.829 4.987 5.126 5.250 5.362
9 2.592 3.316 3.761 4.084 4.337 4.545 4.721 4.873 5.007 5.126 5.234
10 2.563 3.270 3.704 4.018 4.264 4.465 4.636 4.783 4.913 5.029 5.134
11 2.540 3.234 3.658 3.965 4.205 4.401 4.567 4.711 4.838 4.951 5.053
12 2.521 3.204 3.621 3.921 4.156 4.349 4.511 4.652 4.776 4.886 4.986
13 2.504 3.179 3.589 3.885 4.116 4.304 4.464 4.602 4.724 4.832 4.930
14 2.491 3.158 3.563 3.854 4.081 4.267 4.424 4.560 4.679 4.786 4.882
15 2.479 3.140 3.540 3.828 4.052 4.235 4.390 4.524 4.641 4.746 4.841
16 2.469 3.124 3.520 3.804 4.026 4.207 4.360 4.492 4.608 4.712 4.805
17 2.460 3.110 3.503 3.784 4.003 4.182 4.334 4.464 4.579 4.681 4.774
18 2.452 3.098 3.487 3.766 3.984 4.161 4.310 4.440 4.553 4.654 4.746
19 2.445 3.087 3.474 3.751 3.966 4.142 4.290 4.418 4.530 4.630 4.721
20 2.439 3.077 3.462 3.736 3.950 4.124 4.271 4.398 4.510 4.609 4.699
21 2.433 3.069 3.451 3.724 3.936 4.109 4.255 4.380 4.491 4.590 4.678
22 2.428 3.061 3.441 3.712 3.923 4.095 4.239 4.364 4.474 4.572 4.660
23 2.424 3.054 3.432 3.701 3.911 4.082 4.226 4.350 4.459 4.556 4.644
24 2.420 3.047 3.423 3.692 3.900 4.070 4.213 4.336 4.445 4.541 4.628
25 2.416 3.041 3.416 3.683 3.890 4.059 4.201 4.324 4.432 4.528 4.614
26 2.412 3.036 3.409 3.675 3.881 4.049 4.191 4.313 4.420 4.515 4.601
27 2.409 3.030 3.402 3.667 3.873 4.040 4.181 4.302 4.409 4.504 4.590
28 2.406 3.026 3.396 3.660 3.865 4.032 4.172 4.293 4.399 4.493 4.579
29 2.403 3.021 3.391 3.654 3.858 4.024 4.163 4.284 4.389 4.484 4.568
30 2.400 3.017 3.386 3.648 3.851 4.016 4.155 4.275 4.381 4.474 4.559
31 2.398 3.013 3.381 3.642 3.845 4.009 4.148 4.268 4.372 4.466 4.550
32 2.396 3.010 3.376 3.637 3.839 4.003 4.141 4.260 4.365 4.458 4.541
33 2.393 3.006 3.372 3.632 3.833 3.997 4.135 4.253 4.357 4.450 4.533
34 2.391 3.003 3.368 3.627 3.828 3.991 4.129 4.247 4.351 4.443 4.526
35 2.389 3.000 3.364 3.623 3.823 3.986 4.123 4.241 4.344 4.436 4.519
36 2.388 2.998 3.361 3.619 3.819 3.981 4.117 4.235 4.338 4.430 4.512
37 2.386 2.995 3.357 3.615 3.814 3.976 4.112 4.230 4.332 4.424 4.506
38 2.384 2.992 3.354 3.611 3.810 3.972 4.107 4.224 4.327 4.418 4.500
39 2.383 2.990 3.351 3.608 3.806 3.967 4.103 4.220 4.322 4.413 4.495
40 2.381 2.988 3.348 3.605 3.802 3.963 4.099 4.215 4.317 4.408 4.490
48 2.372 2.973 3.330 3.583 3.778 3.937 4.070 4.185 4.285 4.375 4.455
60 2.363 2.959 3.312 3.562 3.755 3.911 4.042 4.155 4.254 4.342 4.421
80 2.353 2.945 3.294 3.541 3.731 3.885 4.014 4.125 4.223 4.309 4.387
120 2.344 2.930 3.276 3.520 3.707 3.859 3.986 4.096 4.191 4.276 4.353
240 2.335 2.916 3.258 3.499 3.684 3.834 3.959 4.066 4.160 4.244 4.319
Inf 2.326 2.902 3.240 3.478 3.661 3.808 3.931 4.037 4.129 4.211 4.285
Alpha 0.05
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 17.969 26.976 32.819 37.082 40.408 43.119 45.397 47.357 49.071 50.592 51.957
2 6.085 8.331 9.798 10.881 11.734 12.435 13.027 13.539 13.988 14.389 14.749
3 4.501 5.910 6.825 7.502 8.037 8.478 8.852 9.177 9.462 9.717 9.946
4 3.926 5.040 5.757 6.287 6.706 7.053 7.347 7.602 7.826 8.027 8.208
5 3.635 4.602 5.218 5.673 6.033 6.330 6.582 6.801 6.995 7.167 7.323
6 3.460 4.339 4.896 5.305 5.628 5.895 6.122 6.319 6.493 6.649 6.789
7 3.344 4.165 4.681 5.060 5.359 5.606 5.815 5.997 6.158 6.302 6.431
8 3.261 4.041 4.529 4.886 5.167 5.399 5.596 5.767 5.918 6.053 6.175
9 3.199 3.948 4.415 4.755 5.024 5.244 5.432 5.595 5.738 5.867 5.983
10 3.151 3.877 4.327 4.654 4.912 5.124 5.304 5.460 5.598 5.722 5.833
11 3.113 3.820 4.256 4.574 4.823 5.028 5.202 5.353 5.486 5.605 5.713
12 3.081 3.773 4.199 4.508 4.750 4.950 5.119 5.265 5.395 5.510 5.615
13 3.055 3.734 4.151 4.453 4.690 4.884 5.049 5.192 5.318 5.431 5.533
14 3.033 3.701 4.111 4.407 4.639 4.829 4.990 5.130 5.253 5.364 5.463
15 3.014 3.673 4.076 4.367 4.595 4.782 4.940 5.077 5.198 5.306 5.403
16 2.998 3.649 4.046 4.333 4.557 4.741 4.896 5.031 5.150 5.256 5.352
17 2.984 3.628 4.020 4.303 4.524 4.705 4.858 4.991 5.108 5.212 5.306
18 2.971 3.609 3.997 4.276 4.494 4.673 4.824 4.955 5.071 5.173 5.266
19 2.960 3.593 3.977 4.253 4.468 4.645 4.794 4.924 5.037 5.139 5.231
20 2.950 3.578 3.958 4.232 4.445 4.620 4.768 4.895 5.008 5.108 5.199
21 2.941 3.565 3.942 4.213 4.424 4.597 4.743 4.870 4.981 5.081 5.170
22 2.933 3.553 3.927 4.196 4.405 4.577 4.722 4.847 4.957 5.056 5.144
23 2.926 3.542 3.914 4.180 4.388 4.558 4.702 4.826 4.935 5.033 5.121
24 2.919 3.532 3.901 4.166 4.373 4.541 4.684 4.807 4.915 5.012 5.099
25 2.913 3.523 3.890 4.153 4.358 4.526 4.667 4.789 4.897 4.993 5.079
26 2.907 3.514 3.880 4.141 4.345 4.511 4.652 4.773 4.880 4.975 5.061
27 2.902 3.506 3.870 4.130 4.333 4.498 4.638 4.758 4.864 4.959 5.044
28 2.897 3.499 3.861 4.120 4.322 4.486 4.625 4.745 4.850 4.944 5.029
29 2.892 3.493 3.853 4.111 4.311 4.475 4.613 4.732 4.837 4.930 5.014
30 2.888 3.486 3.845 4.102 4.301 4.464 4.601 4.720 4.824 4.917 5.001
31 2.884 3.481 3.838 4.094 4.292 4.454 4.591 4.709 4.812 4.905 4.988
32 2.881 3.475 3.832 4.086 4.284 4.445 4.581 4.698 4.802 4.894 4.976
33 2.877 3.470 3.825 4.079 4.276 4.436 4.572 4.689 4.791 4.883 4.965
34 2.874 3.465 3.820 4.072 4.268 4.428 4.563 4.680 4.782 4.873 4.955
35 2.871 3.461 3.814 4.066 4.261 4.421 4.555 4.671 4.773 4.863 4.945
36 2.868 3.457 3.809 4.060 4.255 4.414 4.547 4.663 4.764 4.855 4.936
37 2.865 3.453 3.804 4.054 4.249 4.407 4.540 4.655 4.756 4.846 4.927
38 2.863 3.449 3.799 4.049 4.243 4.400 4.533 4.648 4.749 4.838 4.919
39 2.861 3.445 3.795 4.044 4.237 4.394 4.527 4.641 4.741 4.831 4.911
40 2.858 3.442 3.791 4.039 4.232 4.388 4.521 4.634 4.735 4.824 4.904
48 2.843 3.420 3.764 4.008 4.197 4.351 4.481 4.592 4.690 4.777 4.856
60 2.829 3.399 3.737 3.977 4.163 4.314 4.441 4.550 4.646 4.732 4.808
80 2.814 3.377 3.711 3.947 4.129 4.277 4.402 4.509 4.603 4.686 4.761
120 2.800 3.356 3.685 3.917 4.096 4.241 4.363 4.468 4.560 4.641 4.714
240 2.786 3.335 3.659 3.887 4.063 4.205 4.324 4.427 4.517 4.596 4.668
Inf 2.772 3.314 3.633 3.858 4.030 4.170 4.286 4.387 4.474 4.552 4.622
Alpha 0.01
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 90.024 135.041 164.258 185.575 202.210 215.769 227.166 236.966 245.542 253.151 259.979
2 14.036 19.019 22.294 24.717 26.629 28.201 29.530 30.679 31.689 32.589 33.398
3 8.260 10.619 12.170 13.324 14.241 14.998 15.641 16.199 16.691 17.130 17.526
4 6.511 8.120 9.173 9.958 10.583 11.101 11.542 11.925 12.264 12.567 12.840
5 5.702 6.976 7.804 8.421 8.913 9.321 9.669 9.971 10.239 10.479 10.696
6 5.243 6.331 7.033 7.556 7.972 8.318 8.612 8.869 9.097 9.300 9.485
7 4.949 5.919 6.542 7.005 7.373 7.678 7.939 8.166 8.367 8.548 8.711
8 4.745 5.635 6.204 6.625 6.959 7.237 7.474 7.680 7.863 8.027 8.176
9 4.596 5.428 5.957 6.347 6.657 6.915 7.134 7.325 7.494 7.646 7.784
10 4.482 5.270 5.769 6.136 6.428 6.669 6.875 7.054 7.213 7.356 7.485
11 4.392 5.146 5.621 5.970 6.247 6.476 6.671 6.841 6.992 7.127 7.250
12 4.320 5.046 5.502 5.836 6.101 6.320 6.507 6.670 6.814 6.943 7.060
13 4.260 4.964 5.404 5.726 5.981 6.192 6.372 6.528 6.666 6.791 6.903
14 4.210 4.895 5.322 5.634 5.881 6.085 6.258 6.409 6.543 6.663 6.772
15 4.167 4.836 5.252 5.556 5.796 5.994 6.162 6.309 6.438 6.555 6.660
16 4.131 4.786 5.192 5.489 5.722 5.915 6.079 6.222 6.348 6.461 6.564
17 4.099 4.742 5.140 5.430 5.659 5.847 6.007 6.147 6.270 6.380 6.480
18 4.071 4.703 5.094 5.379 5.603 5.787 5.944 6.081 6.201 6.309 6.407
19 4.046 4.669 5.054 5.334 5.553 5.735 5.889 6.022 6.141 6.246 6.342
20 4.024 4.639 5.018 5.293 5.510 5.688 5.839 5.970 6.086 6.190 6.285
21 4.004 4.612 4.986 5.257 5.470 5.646 5.794 5.924 6.038 6.140 6.233
22 3.986 4.588 4.957 5.225 5.435 5.608 5.754 5.882 5.994 6.095 6.186
23 3.970 4.566 4.931 5.195 5.403 5.573 5.718 5.844 5.955 6.054 6.144
24 3.955 4.546 4.907 5.168 5.373 5.542 5.685 5.809 5.919 6.017 6.105
25 3.942 4.527 4.885 5.144 5.347 5.513 5.655 5.778 5.886 5.983 6.070
26 3.930 4.510 4.865 5.121 5.322 5.487 5.627 5.749 5.856 5.951 6.038
27 3.918 4.495 4.847 5.101 5.300 5.463 5.602 5.722 5.828 5.923 6.008
28 3.908 4.481 4.830 5.082 5.279 5.441 5.578 5.697 5.802 5.896 5.981
29 3.898 4.467 4.814 5.064 5.260 5.420 5.556 5.674 5.778 5.871 5.955
30 3.889 4.455 4.799 5.048 5.242 5.401 5.536 5.653 5.756 5.848 5.932
31 3.881 4.443 4.786 5.032 5.225 5.383 5.517 5.633 5.736 5.827 5.910
32 3.873 4.433 4.773 5.018 5.210 5.367 5.500 5.615 5.716 5.807 5.889
33 3.865 4.423 4.761 5.005 5.195 5.351 5.483 5.598 5.698 5.789 5.870
34 3.859 4.413 4.750 4.992 5.181 5.336 5.468 5.581 5.682 5.771 5.852
35 3.852 4.404 4.739 4.980 5.169 5.323 5.453 5.566 5.666 5.755 5.835
36 3.846 4.396 4.729 4.969 5.156 5.310 5.439 5.552 5.651 5.739 5.819
37 3.840 4.388 4.720 4.959 5.145 5.298 5.427 5.538 5.637 5.725 5.804
38 3.835 4.381 4.711 4.949 5.134 5.286 5.414 5.526 5.623 5.711 5.790
39 3.830 4.374 4.703 4.940 5.124 5.275 5.403 5.513 5.611 5.698 5.776
40 3.825 4.367 4.695 4.931 5.114 5.265 5.392 5.502 5.599 5.685 5.764
48 3.793 4.324 4.644 4.874 5.052 5.198 5.322 5.428 5.522 5.606 5.681
60 3.762 4.282 4.594 4.818 4.991 5.133 5.253 5.356 5.447 5.528 5.601
80 3.732 4.241 4.545 4.763 4.931 5.069 5.185 5.284 5.372 5.451 5.521
120 3.702 4.200 4.497 4.709 4.872 5.005 5.118 5.214 5.299 5.375 5.443
240 3.672 4.160 4.450 4.655 4.814 4.943 5.052 5.145 5.227 5.300 5.366
Inf 3.643 4.120 4.403 4.603 4.757 4.882 4.987 5.078 5.157 5.227 5.290
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
26.536 27.100 27.618 28.097 28.542 28.958 29.347 29.713
10.488 10.698 10.891 11.070 11.237 11.392 11.538 11.676
7.831 7.982 8.120 8.248 8.368 8.479 8.584 8.683
6.783 6.909 7.025 7.132 7.233 7.326 7.414 7.497
6.223 6.336 6.439 6.536 6.626 6.710 6.788 6.863
5.875 5.979 6.075 6.164 6.247 6.325 6.398 6.466
5.637 5.735 5.826 5.910 5.988 6.061 6.130 6.195
5.464 5.558 5.644 5.724 5.799 5.869 5.935 5.997
5.333 5.423 5.506 5.583 5.655 5.722 5.786 5.845
5.229 5.316 5.397 5.472 5.542 5.607 5.668 5.726
5.145 5.231 5.309 5.382 5.450 5.514 5.573 5.630
5.076 5.160 5.236 5.308 5.374 5.436 5.495 5.550
5.019 5.100 5.175 5.245 5.310 5.371 5.429 5.483
4.969 5.050 5.124 5.192 5.256 5.316 5.372 5.426
4.927 5.006 5.079 5.146 5.209 5.268 5.324 5.376
4.890 4.968 5.040 5.106 5.169 5.227 5.282 5.333
4.857 4.934 5.005 5.071 5.133 5.190 5.244 5.295
4.829 4.905 4.975 5.040 5.101 5.158 5.211 5.262
4.803 4.878 4.948 5.012 5.072 5.129 5.182 5.232
4.780 4.855 4.923 4.987 5.047 5.103 5.155 5.205
4.759 4.833 4.901 4.965 5.024 5.079 5.131 5.180
4.740 4.814 4.882 4.944 5.003 5.058 5.109 5.158
4.723 4.796 4.863 4.926 4.984 5.038 5.089 5.138
4.707 4.780 4.847 4.909 4.966 5.020 5.071 5.119
4.693 4.765 4.831 4.893 4.950 5.004 5.055 5.102
4.680 4.751 4.817 4.878 4.936 4.989 5.039 5.086
4.667 4.739 4.804 4.865 4.922 4.975 5.025 5.072
4.656 4.727 4.792 4.853 4.909 4.962 5.012 5.058
4.645 4.716 4.781 4.841 4.897 4.950 4.999 5.046
4.635 4.706 4.770 4.830 4.886 4.939 4.988 5.034
4.626 4.696 4.760 4.820 4.876 4.928 4.977 5.023
4.617 4.687 4.751 4.811 4.866 4.918 4.967 5.013
4.609 4.679 4.743 4.802 4.857 4.909 4.957 5.003
4.602 4.671 4.734 4.794 4.849 4.900 4.949 4.994
4.594 4.663 4.727 4.786 4.841 4.892 4.940 4.986
4.588 4.656 4.720 4.778 4.833 4.884 4.932 4.978
4.581 4.650 4.713 4.771 4.826 4.877 4.925 4.970
4.575 4.643 4.706 4.765 4.819 4.870 4.918 4.963
4.569 4.637 4.700 4.758 4.812 4.863 4.911 4.956
4.564 4.632 4.694 4.752 4.806 4.857 4.904 4.949
4.528 4.595 4.656 4.713 4.766 4.816 4.863 4.907
4.493 4.558 4.619 4.675 4.727 4.775 4.821 4.864
4.457 4.521 4.581 4.636 4.687 4.735 4.780 4.822
4.422 4.485 4.543 4.597 4.647 4.694 4.738 4.779
4.386 4.448 4.505 4.558 4.607 4.653 4.696 4.737
4.351 4.412 4.468 4.519 4.568 4.612 4.654 4.694
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
53.194 54.323 55.361 56.320 57.212 58.044 58.824 59.558
15.076 15.375 15.650 15.905 16.143 16.365 16.573 16.769
10.155 10.346 10.522 10.686 10.838 10.980 11.114 11.240
8.373 8.524 8.664 8.793 8.914 9.027 9.133 9.233
7.466 7.596 7.716 7.828 7.932 8.030 8.122 8.208
6.917 7.034 7.143 7.244 7.338 7.426 7.508 7.586
6.550 6.658 6.759 6.852 6.939 7.020 7.097 7.169
6.287 6.389 6.483 6.571 6.653 6.729 6.801 6.869
6.089 6.186 6.276 6.359 6.437 6.510 6.579 6.643
5.935 6.028 6.114 6.194 6.269 6.339 6.405 6.467
5.811 5.901 5.984 6.062 6.134 6.202 6.265 6.325
5.710 5.797 5.878 5.953 6.023 6.089 6.151 6.209
5.625 5.711 5.789 5.862 5.931 5.995 6.055 6.112
5.554 5.637 5.714 5.785 5.852 5.915 5.973 6.029
5.492 5.574 5.649 5.719 5.785 5.846 5.904 5.958
5.439 5.519 5.593 5.662 5.726 5.786 5.843 5.896
5.392 5.471 5.544 5.612 5.675 5.734 5.790 5.842
5.351 5.429 5.501 5.567 5.629 5.688 5.743 5.794
5.314 5.391 5.462 5.528 5.589 5.647 5.701 5.752
5.282 5.357 5.427 5.492 5.553 5.610 5.663 5.714
5.252 5.327 5.396 5.460 5.520 5.576 5.629 5.679
5.225 5.299 5.368 5.431 5.491 5.546 5.599 5.648
5.201 5.274 5.342 5.405 5.464 5.519 5.571 5.620
5.179 5.251 5.319 5.381 5.439 5.494 5.545 5.594
5.158 5.230 5.297 5.359 5.417 5.471 5.522 5.570
5.139 5.211 5.277 5.339 5.396 5.450 5.500 5.548
5.122 5.193 5.259 5.320 5.377 5.430 5.480 5.528
5.106 5.177 5.242 5.302 5.359 5.412 5.462 5.509
5.091 5.161 5.226 5.286 5.342 5.395 5.445 5.491
5.077 5.147 5.211 5.271 5.327 5.379 5.429 5.475
5.064 5.134 5.198 5.257 5.313 5.365 5.414 5.460
5.052 5.121 5.185 5.244 5.299 5.351 5.400 5.445
5.040 5.109 5.173 5.232 5.287 5.338 5.386 5.432
5.030 5.098 5.161 5.220 5.275 5.326 5.374 5.420
5.020 5.088 5.151 5.209 5.264 5.315 5.362 5.408
5.010 5.078 5.141 5.199 5.253 5.304 5.352 5.397
5.001 5.069 5.131 5.189 5.243 5.294 5.341 5.386
4.993 5.060 5.122 5.180 5.234 5.284 5.331 5.376
4.985 5.052 5.114 5.171 5.225 5.275 5.322 5.367
4.977 5.044 5.106 5.163 5.216 5.266 5.313 5.358
4.927 4.993 5.053 5.109 5.161 5.210 5.256 5.299
4.878 4.942 5.001 5.056 5.107 5.154 5.199 5.241
4.829 4.892 4.949 5.003 5.052 5.099 5.142 5.183
4.781 4.842 4.898 4.950 4.998 5.043 5.086 5.126
4.733 4.792 4.847 4.897 4.944 4.988 5.030 5.069
4.685 4.743 4.796 4.845 4.891 4.934 4.974 5.012
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
266.165 271.812 277.003 281.803 286.263 290.426 294.328 297.997
34.134 34.806 35.426 36.000 36.534 37.034 37.502 37.943
17.887 18.217 18.522 18.805 19.068 19.315 19.546 19.765
13.090 13.318 13.530 13.726 13.909 14.081 14.242 14.394
10.894 11.076 11.244 11.400 11.545 11.682 11.811 11.932
9.653 9.808 9.951 10.084 10.208 10.325 10.434 10.538
8.860 8.997 9.124 9.242 9.353 9.456 9.553 9.645
8.311 8.436 8.552 8.659 8.760 8.854 8.943 9.027
7.910 8.025 8.132 8.232 8.325 8.412 8.495 8.573
7.603 7.712 7.812 7.906 7.993 8.075 8.153 8.226
7.362 7.464 7.560 7.648 7.731 7.809 7.883 7.952
7.166 7.265 7.356 7.441 7.520 7.594 7.664 7.730
7.006 7.100 7.188 7.269 7.345 7.417 7.484 7.548
6.871 6.962 7.047 7.125 7.199 7.268 7.333 7.394
6.756 6.845 6.927 7.003 7.074 7.141 7.204 7.264
6.658 6.744 6.823 6.897 6.967 7.032 7.093 7.151
6.572 6.656 6.733 6.806 6.873 6.937 6.997 7.053
6.496 6.579 6.655 6.725 6.791 6.854 6.912 6.967
6.430 6.510 6.585 6.654 6.719 6.780 6.837 6.891
6.370 6.449 6.523 6.591 6.654 6.714 6.770 6.823
6.317 6.395 6.467 6.534 6.596 6.655 6.710 6.762
6.269 6.346 6.417 6.482 6.544 6.602 6.656 6.707
6.226 6.301 6.371 6.436 6.497 6.553 6.607 6.658
6.186 6.261 6.330 6.394 6.453 6.510 6.562 6.612
6.150 6.224 6.292 6.355 6.414 6.469 6.522 6.571
6.117 6.190 6.257 6.319 6.378 6.432 6.484 6.533
6.087 6.158 6.225 6.287 6.344 6.399 6.450 6.498
6.058 6.129 6.195 6.256 6.314 6.367 6.418 6.465
6.032 6.103 6.168 6.228 6.285 6.338 6.388 6.435
6.008 6.078 6.142 6.202 6.258 6.311 6.361 6.407
5.985 6.055 6.119 6.178 6.234 6.286 6.335 6.381
5.964 6.033 6.096 6.155 6.211 6.262 6.311 6.357
5.944 6.013 6.076 6.134 6.189 6.240 6.289 6.334
5.926 5.994 6.056 6.114 6.169 6.220 6.268 6.313
5.908 5.976 6.038 6.096 6.150 6.200 6.248 6.293
5.892 5.959 6.021 6.078 6.132 6.182 6.229 6.274
5.876 5.943 6.004 6.061 6.115 6.165 6.212 6.256
5.862 5.928 5.989 6.046 6.099 6.148 6.195 6.239
5.848 5.914 5.974 6.031 6.084 6.133 6.179 6.223
5.835 5.900 5.961 6.017 6.069 6.118 6.165 6.208
5.750 5.814 5.872 5.926 5.977 6.024 6.069 6.111
5.667 5.728 5.784 5.837 5.886 5.931 5.974 6.015
5.585 5.644 5.698 5.749 5.796 5.840 5.881 5.920
5.505 5.561 5.614 5.662 5.708 5.750 5.790 5.827
5.426 5.480 5.530 5.577 5.621 5.661 5.699 5.735
5.348 5.400 5.448 5.493 5.535 5.574 5.611 5.645
Studentized Q Table - critical value for q(k, df, α)
Alpha 0.01
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 90.03 135.0 164.3 185.6 202.2 215.8 227.2 237.0 245.6 253.2 260.0 266.2 271.8
2 14.04 19.02 22.29 24.72 26.63 28.20 29.53 30.68 31.69 32.59 33.40 34.13 34.81
3 8.261 10.62 12.17 13.33 14.24 15.00 15.64 16.20 16.69 17.13 17.53 17.89 18.22
4 6.512 8.120 9.173 9.958 10.58 11.10 11.55 11.93 12.27 12.57 12.84 13.09 13.32
5 5.702 6.976 7.804 8.421 8.913 9.321 9.669 9.972 10.24 10.48 10.70 10.89 11.08
6 5.243 6.331 7.033 7.556 7.973 8.318 8.613 8.869 9.097 9.301 9.485 9.653 9.808
7 4.949 5.919 6.543 7.005 7.373 7.679 7.939 8.166 8.368 8.548 8.711 8.860 8.997
8 4.746 5.635 6.204 6.625 6.960 7.237 7.474 7.681 7.863 8.027 8.176 8.312 8.436
9 4.596 5.428 5.957 6.348 6.658 6.915 7.134 7.325 7.495 7.647 7.784 7.910 8.025
10 4.482 5.270 5.769 6.136 6.428 6.669 6.875 7.055 7.213 7.356 7.485 7.603 7.712
11 4.392 5.146 5.621 5.970 6.247 6.476 6.672 6.842 6.992 7.128 7.250 7.362 7.465
12 4.320 5.046 5.502 5.836 6.101 6.321 6.507 6.670 6.814 6.943 7.060 7.167 7.265
13 4.260 4.964 5.404 5.727 5.981 6.192 6.372 6.528 6.667 6.791 6.903 7.006 7.101
14 4.210 4.895 5.322 5.634 5.881 6.085 6.258 6.409 6.543 6.664 6.772 5.871 6.962
15 4.168 4.836 5.252 5.556 5.796 5.994 6.162 6.309 6.439 6.555 6.660 5.757 6.845
16 4.131 4.786 5.192 5.489 5.722 5.915 6.079 6.222 6.349 6.462 6.564 5.658 6.744
17 4.099 4.742 5.140 5.430 5.659 5.847 6.007 6.147 6.270 6.381 6.480 5.572 6.656
18 4.071 4.703 5.094 5.379 5.603 5.788 5.944 6.081 6.201 6.310 6.407 5.497 6.579
19 4.046 1.670 5.054 5.334 5.554 5.735 5.889 6.022 6.141 6.247 6.342 5.430 6.510
20 4.024 4.639 5.018 5.294 5.510 5.688 5.839 5.970 6.087 6.191 6.285 5.371 6.450
24 3.956 4.546 4.907 5.168 5.374 5.542 5.685 5.809 5.919 6.017 6.106 5.186 6.261
30 3.889 4.455 4.799 5.048 5.242 5.401 5.536 5.653 5.756 5.849 5.932 5.008 6.078
40 3.825 4.367 4.696 4.931 5.114 5.265 5.392 5.502 5.599 5.686 5.764 5.835 5.900
60 3.762 4.282 4.595 4.818 4.991 5.133 5.253 5.356 5.447 5.528 5.601 5.667 5.728
120 3.702 4.200 4.497 4.709 4.872 5.005 5.118 5.214 5.299 5.375 5.443 5.505 5.562
inf 3.643 4.120 4.403 4.603 4.757 4.882 4.987 5.078 5.157 5.227 5.290 5.348 5.400
Alpha 0.025
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 35.99 54.00 65.69 74.22 80.87 86.29 90.85 94.77 98.20 101.3 104.0 106.5 108.8
2 8.776 11.94 14.01 15.54 16.75 17.74 18.58 19.31 19.95 20.52 21.03 21.49 21.91
3 5.907 7.661 8.808 9.660 10.34 10.89 11.37 11.78 12.14 12.46 12.75 13.01 13.26
4 4.943 6.244 7.088 7.716 8.213 8.625 8.976 9.279 9.548 9.788 10.01 10.20 10.39
5 4.474 5.558 6.257 6.775 7.186 7.527 7.816 8.068 8.291 8.490 8.670 8.834 8.984
6 4.199 5.158 5.772 6.226 6.586 6.884 7.138 7.359 7.554 7.729 7.887 8.031 8.163
7 4.018 4.897 5.455 5.868 6.194 6.464 6.695 6.895 7.072 7.230 7.373 7.504 7.624
8 3.892 4.714 5.233 5.616 5.919 6.169 6.382 6.568 6.732 6.879 7.011 7.132 7.244
9 3.797 4.578 5.069 5.430 5.715 5.950 6.151 6.325 6.479 6.617 6.742 6.856 6.961
10 3.725 4.474 4.943 5.287 5.558 5.782 5.972 6.138 6.285 6.416 6.534 6.643 6.742
11 3.667 4.391 4.843 5.173 5.433 5.648 5.831 5.989 6.130 6.256 6.369 6.473 6.568
12 3.620 4.325 4.762 5.081 5.332 5.540 5.716 5.869 6.004 6.125 6.235 6.335 6.427
13 3.582 4.269 4.694 5.004 5.248 5.449 5.620 5.769 5.900 6.017 6.123 6.220 6.309
14 3.550 4.222 4.638 4.940 5.178 5.374 5.540 5.684 5.811 5.926 6.029 6.123 6.210
15 3.522 4.182 4.589 4.885 5.118 5.309 5.471 5.612 5.737 5.848 5.949 6.041 6.125
16 3.498 4.148 4.548 4.838 5.066 5.253 5.412 5.550 5.672 5.781 5.879 5.969 6.052
17 3.477 4.118 4.512 4.797 5.020 5.204 5.361 5.496 5.615 5.722 5.818 5.907 5.987
18 3.458 4.092 4.480 4.761 4.981 5.162 5.315 5.448 5.565 5.670 5.765 5.852 5.931
19 3.442 4.068 4.451 4.728 4.945 5.123 5.275 5.405 5.521 5.624 5.718 5.803 5.881
20 3.427 4.047 4.426 4.700 4.914 5.089 5.238 5.368 5.481 5.583 5.675 5.759 5.836
24 3.381 3.983 4.347 4.610 4.816 4.984 5.216 5.250 5.358 5.455 5.543 5.623 5.697
30 3.337 3.919 4.271 4.523 4.720 4.881 5.017 5.134 5.238 5.330 5.414 5.490 5.560
40 3.294 3.858 4.197 4.439 4.627 4.780 4.910 5.022 5.120 5.208 5.288 5.360 5.426
60 3.251 3.798 4.124 4.356 4.536 4.682 4.806 4.912 5.006 5.089 5.164 5.232 5.295
120 3.210 3.739 4.053 4.276 4.447 4.587 4.704 4.805 4.894 4.972 5.043 5.107 5.166
inf 3.170 3.682 3.984 4.197 4.361 4.494 4.605 4.700 4.784 4.858 4.925 4.985 5.041
Alpha 0.05
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 17.97 26.98 32.82 37.08 40.41 43.12 45.40 47.36 49.07 50.59 51.96 53.20 54.33
2 6.085 8.331 9.798 10.88 11.74 12.44 13.03 13.54 13.99 14.39 14.75 15.08 15.38
3 4.501 5.910 6.825 7.502 8.037 8.478 8.853 9.177 9.462 9.717 9.946 10.15 10.35
4 3.927 5.040 5.757 6.287 6.707 7.053 7.347 7.602 7.826 8.027 8.208 8.373 8.525
5 3.635 4.602 5.218 5.673 6.033 6.330 6.582 6.802 6.995 7.168 7.324 7.466 7.596
6 3.461 4.339 4.896 5.305 5.628 5.895 6.122 6.319 6.493 6.649 6.789 6.917 7.034
7 3.344 4.165 4.681 5.060 5.359 5.606 5.815 5.998 6.158 6.302 6.431 6.550 6.658
8 3.261 4.041 4.529 4.886 5.167 5.399 5.597 5.767 5.918 6.054 6.175 6.287 6.389
9 3.199 3.949 4.415 4.756 5.024 5.244 5.432 5.595 5.739 5.867 5.983 6.089 6.186
10 3.151 3.877 4.327 4.654 4.912 5.124 5.305 5.461 5.599 5.722 5.833 5.935 6.028
11 3.113 3.820 4.256 4.574 4.823 5.028 5.202 5.353 5.487 5.605 5.713 5.811 5.901
12 3.082 3.773 4.199 4.508 4.751 4.950 5.119 5.265 5.395 5.511 5.615 5.710 5.798
13 3.055 3.735 4.151 4.453 4.690 4.885 5.049 5.192 5.318 5.431 5.533 5.625 5.711
14 3.033 3.702 4.111 4.407 4.639 4.829 4.990 5.131 5.254 5.364 5.463 5.554 5.637
15 3.014 3.674 4.076 4.367 4.595 4.782 4.940 5.077 5.198 5.306 5.404 5.493 5.574
16 2.998 3.649 4.046 4.333 4.557 4.741 4.897 5.031 5.150 5.256 5.352 5.439 5.520
17 2.984 3.628 4.020 4.303 4.524 4.705 4.858 4.991 5.108 5.212 5.307 5.392 5.471
18 2.971 3.609 3.997 4.277 4.495 4.673 4.824 4.956 5.071 5.174 5.267 5.352 5.429
19 2.960 3.593 3.977 4.253 4.469 4.645 4.794 4.924 5.038 5.140 5.231 5.315 5.391
20 2.950 3.578 3.958 4.232 4.445 4.620 4.768 4.896 5.008 5.108 5.199 5.282 5.357
24 2.919 3.532 3.901 4.166 4.373 4.541 4.684 4.807 4.915 5.012 5.099 5.179 5.251
30 2.888 3.486 3.845 4.102 4.302 4.464 4.602 4.720 4.824 4.917 5.001 5.077 5.147
40 2.858 3.442 3.791 4.039 4.232 4.389 4.521 4.635 4.735 4.824 4.904 4.977 5.044
60 2.829 3.399 3.737 3.977 4.163 4.314 4.441 4.550 4.646 4.732 4.808 4.878 4.942
120 2.800 3.356 3.685 3.917 4.096 4.241 4.363 4.468 4.560 4.641 4.714 4.781 4.842
inf 2.772 3.314 3.633 3.858 4.030 4.170 4.286 4.387 4.474 4.552 4.622 4.685 4.743
Alpha 0.005
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 180.1 270.1 328.5 371.2 404.4 431.6 454.4 474.0 491.1 506.3 520.0 532.4 543.6
2 19.93 26.97 31.6 35.02 37.73 39.95 41.83 43.46 44.89 46.16 47.31 48.35 49.3
3 10.55 13.50 15.45 16.91 18.06 19.01 19.83 20.53 21.15 21.70 22.20 22.66 23.08
4 7.916 9.814 11.06 11.99 12.74 13.35 13.88 14.33 14.74 15.10 15.42 15.72 15.99
5 6.751 8.196 9.141 9.847 10.41 10.88 11.28 11.63 11.93 12.21 12.46 12.69 12.90
6 6.105 7.306 8.088 8.670 9.135 9.522 9.852 10.14 10.40 10.63 10.83 11.02 11.20
7 5.699 6.750 7.429 7.935 8.339 8.674 8.961 9.211 9.433 9.632 9.812 9.977 10.13
8 5.420 6.370 6.981 7.435 7.797 8.097 8.354 8.578 8.777 8.955 9.117 9.265 9.401
9 5.218 6.096 6.657 7.074 7.405 7.680 7.915 8.120 8.303 8.466 8.614 8.749 8.874
10 5.065 5.888 6.412 6.800 7.109 7.365 7.584 7.775 7.944 8.096 8.234 8.360 8.476
11 4.945 5.727 6.222 6.588 6.878 7.119 7.325 7.505 7.664 7.807 7.937 8.055 8.164
12 4.849 5.597 6.068 6.416 6.693 6.922 7.118 7.288 7.439 7.575 7.697 7.810 7.914
13 4.770 5.490 5.943 6.277 6.541 6.760 6.947 7.111 7.255 7.384 7.502 7.609 7.708
14 4.704 5.401 5.838 6.160 6.414 6.626 6.805 6.962 7.101 7.225 7.338 7.442 7.537
15 4.647 5.325 5.750 6.061 6.308 6.511 6.685 6.837 6.971 7.091 7.200 7.300 7.392
16 4.599 5.261 5.674 5.977 6.216 6.413 6.582 6.729 6.859 6.976 7.081 7.178 7.267
17 4.557 5.205 5.608 5.903 6.136 6.329 6.493 6.636 6.763 6.876 6.979 7.072 7.159
18 4.521 5.156 5.550 5.839 6.067 6.255 6.415 6.554 6.678 6.788 6.888 6,980 7.064
19 4.488 5.113 5.500 5.783 6.005 6.189 6.346 6.482 6.603 6.711 6.809 6.898 6.981
20 4.460 5.074 5.455 5.732 5.951 6.131 6.285 6.418 6.537 6.642 6.738 6.826 6.907
24 4.371 4.955 5.315 5.577 5.783 5.952 6.096 6.221 6.332 6.431 6.520 6.602 6.677
30 4.285 4.841 5.181 5.428 5.621 5.780 5.914 6.031 6.135 6.227 6.310 6.387 6.456
40 4.202 4.731 5.053 5.284 5.465 5.614 5.739 5.848 5.944 6.030 6.108 6.179 6.244
60 4.122 4.625 4.928 5.146 5.316 5.454 5.571 5.673 5.762 5.841 5.913 5.979 6.039
120 4.045 4.523 4.809 5.013 5.172 5.301 5.410 5.504 5.586 5.660 5.726 5.786 5.842
inf 3.970 4.424 4.694 4.886 5.033 5.154 5.255 5.341 5.418 5.485 5.546 5.602 5.652
Alpha 0.001
k -->
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 900.3 1351 1643 1856 2022 2158 2272 2370 2455 2532 2600 2662 2718
2 44.69 60.42 70.77 78.43 84.49 89.46 93.67 97.30 100.5 103.3 105.9 108.2 110.4
3 18.28 23.32 26.65 29.13 31.11 32.74 34.12 35.33 36.39 37.34 38.20 38.98 39.69
4 12.18 14.99 16.84 18.23 19.34 20.26 21.04 21.73 22.33 22.87 23.36 23.81 24.21
5 9.714 11.67 12.96 13.93 14.71 15.35 15.90 16.38 16.81 17.18 17.53 17.85 18.13
6 8.427 9.96 10.97 11.72 12.32 12.83 13.26 13.63 13.97 14.27 14.54 14.79 15.01
7 7.648 8.930 9.768 10.40 10.90 11.32 11.68 11.99 12.27 12.52 12.74 12.95 13.14
8 7.130 8.250 8.978 9.522 9.958 10.32 10.64 10.91 11.15 11.36 11.56 11.74 11.91
9 6.762 7.768 8.419 8.906 9.295 9.619 9.897 10.14 10.36 10.55 10.73 10.89 11.03
10 6.487 7.411 8.006 8.450 8.804 9.099 9.352 9.573 9.769 9.946 10.11 10.25 10.39
11 6.275 7.136 7.687 8.098 8.426 8.699 8.933 9.138 9.319 9.482 9.63 9.766 9.892
12 6.106 6.917 7.436 7.821 8.127 8.383 8.601 8.793 8.962 9.115 9.254 9.381 9.498
13 5.970 6.740 7.231 7.595 7.885 8.126 8.333 8.513 8.673 8.817 8.948 9.068 9.178
14 5.856 6.594 7.062 7.409 7.685 7.915 8.110 8.282 8.434 8.571 8.696 8.809 8.914
15 5.760 6.470 6.920 7.252 7.517 7.736 7.925 8.088 8.234 8.365 8.483 8.592 8.693
16 5.678 6.365 6.799 7.119 7.374 7.585 7.766 7.923 8.063 8.189 8.303 8.407 8.504
17 5.608 6.275 6.695 7.005 7.250 7.454 7.629 7.781 7.916 8.037 8.148 8.248 8.342
18 5.546 6.196 6.604 6.905 7.143 7.341 7.510 7.657 7.788 7.906 8.012 8.110 8.199
19 5.492 6.127 6.525 6.817 7.049 7.242 7.405 7.549 7.676 7.790 7.893 7.988 8.075
20 5.444 6.065 6.454 6.740 6.966 7.154 7.313 7.453 7.577 7.688 7.788 7.880 7.966
24 5.297 5.877 6.238 6.503 6.712 6.884 7.031 7.159 7.272 7.374 7.467 7.551 7.629
30 5.156 5.698 6.033 6.278 6.470 6.628 6.763 6.880 6.984 7.077 7.162 7.329 7.310
40 5.022 5.528 5.838 6.063 6.240 6.386 6.509 6.616 6.711 6.796 6.872 6.942 7.007
60 4.894 5.365 5.653 5.860 6.022 6.155 6.268 6.366 6.451 6.528 6.598 6.661 6.720
120 4.771 5.211 5.476 5.667 5.815 5.937 6.039 6.128 6.206 6.276 6.339 6.396 6.448
inf 4.654 5.063 5.309 5.484 5.619 5.730 5.823 5.903 5.973 6.036 6.092 6.144 6.191
15 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40
277.0 281.8 290.4 298.0 310.8 321.3 330.3 338.0 344.8
35.43 36.00 37.03 37.95 39.49 40.76 41.84 42.78 43.61
18.52 18.81 19.32 19.77 20.53 21.16 21.70 22.17 22.59
13.53 13.73 14.08 14.40 14.93 15.37 15.75 16.08 16.37
11.24 11.40 11.68 11.93 12.36 12.71 13.02 13.28 13.52
9.951 10.08 10.32 10.54 10.91 11.21 11.47 11.69 11.90
9.124 9.242 9.456 9.646 9.970 10.24 10.47 10.67 10.85
8.552 8.659 8.854 9.027 9.322 9.569 9.779 9.964 10.13
8.132 8.232 8.412 8.573 8.847 9.075 9.271 9.443 9.594
7.812 7.906 8.076 8.226 8.483 8.698 8.883 9.044 9.187
7.560 7.649 7.809 7.952 8.196 8.400 8.575 8.728 8.864
7.356 7.441 7.594 7.731 7.964 8.159 8.327 8.473 8.603
7.188 7.269 7.417 7.548 7.772 7.960 8.121 8.262 8.387
7.047 7.126 7.268 7.395 7.611 7.792 7.948 8.084 8.204
6.927 7.003 7.142 7.264 7.474 7.650 7.800 7.932 8.049
6.823 6.898 7.032 7.152 7.356 7.527 7.673 7.802 7.916
6.734 6.806 6.937 7.053 7.253 7.420 7.563 7.687 7.799
6.655 6.725 6.854 6.968 7.163 7.325 7.465 7.587 7.696
6.585 6.654 6.780 6.891 7.082 7.242 7.379 7.498 7.605
6.523 6.591 6.714 6.823 7.011 7.168 7.302 7.419 7.523
6.330 6.394 6.510 6.612 6.789 6.936 7.062 7.173 7.270
6.143 6.203 6.311 6.407 6.572 6.710 6.828 6.932 7.023
5.961 6.017 6.119 6.209 6.362 6.490 6.600 6.697 6.782
5.785 5.837 5.931 6.015 6.158 6.277 6.378 6.467 6.546
5.614 5.662 5.750 5.827 5.959 6.069 6.162 6.244 6.316
5.448 5.493 5.574 5.645 5.766 5.866 5.952 6.026 6.092
15 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40
110.8 112.7 116.2 119.2 124.3 128.6 132.1 135.2 137.9
22.30 22.67 23.32 23.89 24.87 25.67 26.35 26.95 27.47
13.48 13.69 14.06 14.39 14.95 15.41 15.81 16.15 16.46
10.55 10.71 10.99 11.23 11.66 12.00 12.30 12.56 12.79
9.124 9.253 9.486 9.693 10.04 10.34 10.59 10.80 11.00
8.286 8.399 8.605 8.787 9.097 9.355 9.575 9.767 9.938
7.735 7.839 8.025 8.191 8.473 8.708 8.909 9.084 9.239
7.347 7.443 7.616 7.769 8.031 8.250 8.436 8.599 8.743
7.058 7.148 7.311 7.455 7.702 7.908 8.084 8.237 8.373
6.834 6.920 7.075 7.212 7.447 7.643 7.810 7.956 8.086
6.657 6.739 6.887 7.019 7.244 7.431 7.592 7.732 7.856
6.512 6.591 6.734 6.861 7.078 7.258 7.413 7.548 7.668
6.392 6.468 6.607 6.730 6.939 7.115 7.265 7.396 7.512
6.290 6.364 6.499 6.619 6.823 6.993 7.139 7.266 7.379
6.203 6.276 6.407 6.523 6.723 6.889 7.031 7.155 7.265
6.128 6.199 6.328 6.441 6.636 6.799 6.938 7.059 7.167
6.062 6.132 6.258 6.370 6.560 6.720 6.856 6.975 7.081
6.004 6.073 6.197 6.306 6.493 6.650 6.784 6.900 7.005
5.954 6.020 6.142 6.250 6.434 6.588 6.719 6.835 6.936
5.907 5.974 6.093 6.200 6.381 6.532 6.662 6.775 6.876
5.764 5.827 5.941 6.043 6.215 6.359 6.482 6.589 6.685
5.624 5.684 5.792 5.888 6.052 6.188 6.305 6.406 6.497
5.487 5.544 5.646 5.737 5.891 6.020 6.130 6.226 6.311
5.352 5.406 5.503 5.588 5.733 5.854 5.958 6.048 6.127
5.221 5.271 5.362 5.442 5.578 5.691 5.788 5.872 5.946
5.092 5.139 5.224 5.299 5.425 5.530 5.620 5.698 5.760
15 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40
55.36 56.32 58.04 59.56 62.12 64.23 66.01 67.56 68.92
15.65 15.91 16.37 16.77 17.45 18.02 18.5 18.92 19.28
10.53 10.69 10.98 11.24 11.68 12.05 12.36 12.63 12.87
8.664 8.794 9.028 9.233 9.584 9.875 10.12 10.34 10.53
7.717 7.828 8.030 8.208 8.512 8.764 8.979 9.165 9.330
7.143 7.244 7.426 7.587 7.861 8.088 8.283 8.452 8.601
6.759 6.852 7.020 7.170 7.423 7.634 7.814 7.972 8.110
6.483 6.571 6.729 6.870 7.109 7.307 7.477 7.625 7.756
6.276 6.359 6.510 6.644 6.871 7.061 7.222 7.363 7.488
6.114 6.194 6.339 6.467 6.686 6.868 7.023 7.159 7.279
5.984 6.062 6.202 6.326 6.536 6.712 6.863 6.994 7.110
5.878 5.953 6.089 6.209 6.414 6.585 6.731 6.858 6.970
5.789 5.862 5.995 6.112 6.312 6.478 6.620 6.744 6.854
5.714 5.786 5.915 6.029 6.224 6.387 6.526 6.647 6.754
5.649 5.720 5.846 5.958 6.149 6.309 6.445 6.564 6.669
5.593 5.662 5.786 5.897 6.084 6.241 6.374 6.491 6.594
5.544 5.612 5.734 5.842 6.027 6.181 6.313 6.427 6.529
5.501 5.568 5.688 5.794 5.977 6.128 6.258 6.371 6.471
5.462 5.528 5.647 5.752 5.932 6.081 6.209 6.321 6.419
5.427 5.493 5.610 5.714 5.891 6.039 6.165 6.275 6.373
5.319 5.381 5.494 5.594 5.764 5.906 6.027 6.132 6.226
5.211 5.271 5.379 5.475 5.638 5.774 5.889 5.990 6.080
5.106 5.163 5.266 5.358 5.513 5.642 5.753 5.849 5.934
5.001 5.056 5.154 5.241 5.389 5.512 5.617 5.708 5.789
4.898 4.950 5.044 5.126 5.266 5.382 5.481 5.568 5.644
4.796 4.845 4.934 5.012 5.144 5.253 5.346 5.427 5.498
15 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40
554.0 563.6 580.9 596.0 621.7 642.7 660.6 676.0 689.6
50.17 50.99 52.45 53.74 55.92 57.73 59.26 60.59 61.76
23.46 23.82 24.46 25.03 26.00 26.80 27.48 28.07 28.60
16.24 16.48 16.90 17.28 17.91 18.44 18.89 19.28 19.63
13.09 13.27 13.60 13.89 14.38 14.79 15.13 15.44 15.71
11.36 11.51 11.78 12.02 12.43 12.77 13.06 13.32 13.54
10.27 10.40 10.64 10.85 11.21 11.50 11.76 11.99 12.18
9.527 9.644 9.857 10.04 10.37 10.64 10.87 11.07 11.25
8.990 9.097 9.292 9.465 9.761 10.01 10.22 10.41 10.58
8.583 8.683 8.865 9.026 9.302 9.532 9.730 9.904 10.06
8.265 8.359 8.530 8.682 8.941 9.159 9.345 9.509 9.654
8.009 8.099 8.261 8.405 8.652 8.858 9.036 9.191 9.328
7.800 7.886 8.040 8.178 8.414 8.611 8.781 8.929 9.061
7.625 7.707 7.856 7.988 8.215 8.404 8.568 8.710 8.837
7.477 7.556 7.699 7.827 8.046 8.229 8.387 8.524 8.647
7.349 7.426 7.566 7.689 7.901 8.078 8.231 8.365 8.483
7.239 7.314 7.449 7.569 7.775 7.948 8.096 8.226 8.341
7.142 7.215 7.347 7.464 7.665 7.833 7.978 8.104 8.217
7.057 7.128 7.257 7.372 7.568 7.732 7.873 7.996 8.106
6.981 7.051 7.177 7.289 7.481 7.642 7.780 7.901 8.008
6.747 6.812 6.930 7.034 7.213 7.362 7.491 7.603 7.704
6.521 6.581 6.691 6.788 6.954 7.093 7.212 7.316 7.409
6.304 6.360 6.461 6.550 6.704 6.832 6.942 7.038 7.123
6.094 6.146 6.239 6.321 6.462 6.580 6.681 6.769 6.846
5.893 5.940 6.025 6.101 6.230 6.337 6.428 6.508 6.580
5.699 5.742 5.820 5.889 6.006 6.103 6.186 6.258 6.322
15 16 18 20 24 28 32 36 40
2770 2818 2904 2980 3108 3213 3303 3380 3448
112.3 114.2 117.4 120.3 125.2 129.3 132.7 135.7 138.3
40.35 40.97 42.07 43.05 44.7 46.07 47.24 48.26 49.16
24.59 24.94 25.58 26.14 27.10 27.89 28.57 29.16 29.68
18.41 18.66 19.10 19.51 20.19 20.75 21.24 21.66 22.03
15.22 15.42 15.78 16.09 16.64 17.08 17.47 17.81 18.10
13.32 13.48 13.78 14.04 14.50 14.88 15.20 15.49 15.74
12.06 12.21 12.47 12.70 13.09 13.42 13.71 13.96 14.18
11.18 11.30 11.54 11.75 12.10 12.39 12.65 12.87 13.07
10.52 10.64 10.85 11.03 11.36 11.63 11.87 12.07 12.25
10.01 10.12 10.31 10.49 10.79 11.04 11.26 11.45 11.62
9.606 9.707 9.891 10.06 10.34 10.57 10.78 10.96 11.11
9.281 9.376 9.550 9.704 9.969 10.19 10.39 10.55 10.70
9.012 9.103 9.267 9.414 9.666 9.878 10.06 10.22 10.37
8.786 8.872 9.030 9.170 9.411 9.613 9.788 9.94 10.08
8.593 8.676 8.828 8.963 9.194 9.388 9.556 9.702 9.833
8.427 8.508 8.654 8.784 9.007 9.194 9.355 9.497 9.623
8.283 8.361 8.502 8.628 8.844 9.025 9.181 9.318 9.440
8.156 8.232 8.369 8.491 8.701 8.876 9.028 9.161 9.279
8.044 8.118 8.251 8.370 8.574 8.745 8.892 9.021 9.137
7.701 7.768 7.890 7.999 8.185 8.342 8.476 8.594 8.700
7.375 7.437 7.548 7.647 7.816 7.958 8.080 8.188 8.283
7.067 7.122 7.223 7.312 7.466 7.594 7.704 7.801 7.887
6.774 6.824 6.914 6.995 7.133 7.248 7.347 7.433 7.510
6.496 6.542 6.623 6.695 6.818 6.921 7.008 7.085 7.153
6.234 6.274 6.347 6.411 6.520 6.611 6.689 6.756 6.816
Dunnett's Test Critical Values
alpha 0.01
df\k 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 63.657 86.959 100.280 109.360 116.153 121.535 125.967 129.720 132.966 135.818 138.358
2 9.925 12.388 13.826 14.825 15.582 16.189 16.692 17.121 17.494 17.823 18.117
3 5.841 6.974 7.639 8.104 8.460 8.746 8.985 9.189 9.367 9.525 9.666
4 4.604 5.364 5.809 6.121 6.361 6.554 6.716 6.854 6.975 7.082 7.179
5 4.032 4.627 4.975 5.219 5.406 5.557 5.683 5.792 5.887 5.971 6.047
6 3.707 4.212 4.506 4.711 4.869 4.997 5.104 5.196 5.276 5.347 5.411
7 3.499 3.948 4.208 4.389 4.529 4.642 4.736 4.817 4.888 4.951 5.008
8 3.355 3.766 4.002 4.168 4.295 4.397 4.483 4.557 4.621 4.679 4.730
9 3.250 3.633 3.853 4.006 4.124 4.219 4.299 4.367 4.427 4.480 4.528
10 3.169 3.531 3.739 3.883 3.994 4.084 4.159 4.223 4.279 4.329 4.374
11 3.106 3.452 3.649 3.787 3.892 3.978 4.049 4.110 4.164 4.211 4.254
12 3.055 3.387 3.577 3.709 3.811 3.892 3.960 4.019 4.070 4.116 4.157
13 3.012 3.335 3.518 3.646 3.743 3.822 3.888 3.944 3.994 4.038 4.077
14 2.977 3.290 3.468 3.592 3.687 3.763 3.827 3.882 3.930 3.972 4.011
15 2.947 3.253 3.426 3.547 3.639 3.713 3.776 3.829 3.875 3.917 3.954
16 2.921 3.220 3.390 3.508 3.598 3.671 3.731 3.783 3.829 3.869 3.905
17 2.898 3.192 3.359 3.474 3.563 3.634 3.693 3.744 3.788 3.828 3.863
18 2.878 3.168 3.331 3.445 3.531 3.601 3.659 3.709 3.753 3.792 3.826
19 2.861 3.146 3.307 3.419 3.504 3.572 3.630 3.679 3.722 3.760 3.794
20 2.845 3.127 3.285 3.395 3.479 3.547 3.603 3.651 3.694 3.731 3.765
21 2.831 3.109 3.266 3.375 3.457 3.524 3.579 3.627 3.669 3.706 3.739
22 2.819 3.094 3.249 3.356 3.437 3.503 3.558 3.605 3.646 3.683 3.716
23 2.807 3.080 3.233 3.339 3.420 3.485 3.539 3.585 3.626 3.662 3.694
24 2.797 3.067 3.218 3.323 3.403 3.468 3.521 3.567 3.608 3.643 3.675
25 2.787 3.055 3.205 3.309 3.388 3.452 3.505 3.551 3.591 3.626 3.658
26 2.779 3.044 3.193 3.296 3.375 3.438 3.491 3.536 3.575 3.610 3.642
27 2.771 3.034 3.182 3.284 3.362 3.425 3.477 3.522 3.561 3.596 3.627
28 2.763 3.025 3.172 3.273 3.351 3.413 3.465 3.509 3.548 3.582 3.613
29 2.756 3.017 3.162 3.263 3.340 3.402 3.453 3.497 3.536 3.570 3.600
30 2.750 3.009 3.154 3.254 3.330 3.391 3.442 3.486 3.524 3.558 3.589
31 2.744 3.001 3.145 3.245 3.321 3.381 3.432 3.476 3.514 3.547 3.578
32 2.738 2.994 3.138 3.237 3.312 3.372 3.423 3.466 3.504 3.537 3.567
33 2.733 2.988 3.131 3.229 3.304 3.364 3.414 3.457 3.495 3.528 3.558
34 2.728 2.982 3.124 3.222 3.296 3.356 3.406 3.449 3.486 3.519 3.549
35 2.724 2.976 3.118 3.215 3.289 3.349 3.398 3.441 3.478 3.511 3.541
36 2.719 2.971 3.112 3.209 3.282 3.342 3.391 3.433 3.470 3.503 3.533
37 2.715 2.966 3.106 3.203 3.276 3.335 3.384 3.426 3.463 3.496 3.525
38 2.712 2.961 3.101 3.197 3.270 3.329 3.378 3.420 3.456 3.489 3.518
39 2.708 2.957 3.096 3.192 3.264 3.323 3.372 3.413 3.450 3.482 3.511
40 2.704 2.952 3.091 3.186 3.259 3.317 3.366 3.408 3.444 3.476 3.505
48 2.682 2.925 3.060 3.154 3.224 3.281 3.329 3.369 3.405 3.436 3.464
60 2.660 2.898 3.030 3.121 3.190 3.246 3.292 3.332 3.366 3.397 3.424
80 2.639 2.871 3.001 3.090 3.157 3.211 3.256 3.295 3.328 3.358 3.385
120 2.617 2.845 2.972 3.059 3.124 3.177 3.221 3.259 3.291 3.320 3.346
240 2.596 2.820 2.943 3.028 3.092 3.143 3.186 3.223 3.255 3.283 3.308
Inf 2.576 2.794 2.915 2.998 3.060 3.110 3.152 3.188 3.219 3.246 3.271
alpha 0.05
df\k 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 12.706 17.369 20.034 21.850 23.209 24.285 25.171 25.922 26.570 27.141 27.649
2 4.303 5.418 6.065 6.513 6.852 7.124 7.349 7.540 7.707 7.853 7.985
3 3.182 3.867 4.263 4.538 4.748 4.916 5.056 5.176 5.280 5.372 5.455
4 2.776 3.310 3.618 3.832 3.994 4.125 4.235 4.328 4.410 4.482 4.546
5 2.571 3.030 3.293 3.476 3.615 3.727 3.821 3.900 3.970 4.032 4.087
6 2.447 2.863 3.099 3.263 3.388 3.489 3.573 3.644 3.707 3.763 3.812
7 2.365 2.752 2.971 3.123 3.238 3.331 3.408 3.475 3.533 3.584 3.630
8 2.306 2.673 2.880 3.023 3.131 3.219 3.292 3.354 3.408 3.457 3.500
9 2.262 2.614 2.812 2.948 3.052 3.135 3.205 3.264 3.316 3.362 3.403
10 2.228 2.568 2.759 2.890 2.990 3.070 3.137 3.194 3.244 3.288 3.328
11 2.201 2.532 2.717 2.845 2.941 3.019 3.084 3.139 3.187 3.230 3.268
12 2.179 2.502 2.683 2.807 2.901 2.977 3.040 3.094 3.140 3.182 3.219
13 2.160 2.478 2.654 2.776 2.868 2.942 3.003 3.056 3.102 3.142 3.179
14 2.145 2.457 2.631 2.750 2.840 2.912 2.973 3.024 3.069 3.109 3.144
15 2.131 2.439 2.610 2.727 2.816 2.887 2.946 2.997 3.041 3.080 3.115
16 2.120 2.424 2.592 2.708 2.795 2.865 2.924 2.974 3.017 3.056 3.090
17 2.110 2.410 2.577 2.691 2.777 2.846 2.904 2.953 2.996 3.034 3.068
18 2.101 2.399 2.563 2.676 2.761 2.830 2.887 2.935 2.977 3.015 3.048
19 2.093 2.388 2.551 2.663 2.747 2.815 2.871 2.919 2.961 2.998 3.031
20 2.086 2.379 2.540 2.651 2.735 2.802 2.857 2.905 2.946 2.983 3.016
21 2.080 2.370 2.531 2.640 2.723 2.790 2.845 2.892 2.933 2.969 3.002
22 2.074 2.363 2.522 2.631 2.713 2.779 2.834 2.880 2.921 2.957 2.989
23 2.069 2.356 2.514 2.622 2.704 2.769 2.824 2.870 2.910 2.946 2.978
24 2.064 2.349 2.507 2.614 2.695 2.760 2.814 2.860 2.900 2.936 2.968
25 2.060 2.344 2.500 2.607 2.688 2.752 2.806 2.851 2.891 2.927 2.958
26 2.056 2.338 2.494 2.600 2.680 2.745 2.798 2.843 2.883 2.918 2.949
27 2.052 2.333 2.488 2.594 2.674 2.738 2.791 2.836 2.875 2.910 2.941
28 2.048 2.329 2.483 2.588 2.668 2.731 2.784 2.829 2.868 2.903 2.934
29 2.045 2.325 2.478 2.583 2.662 2.725 2.778 2.823 2.862 2.896 2.927
30 2.042 2.321 2.474 2.578 2.657 2.720 2.772 2.817 2.856 2.890 2.921
31 2.040 2.317 2.469 2.574 2.652 2.715 2.767 2.811 2.850 2.884 2.915
32 2.037 2.314 2.466 2.569 2.647 2.710 2.762 2.806 2.845 2.879 2.909
33 2.035 2.310 2.462 2.565 2.643 2.705 2.757 2.801 2.840 2.873 2.904
34 2.032 2.307 2.458 2.561 2.639 2.701 2.753 2.797 2.835 2.869 2.899
35 2.030 2.305 2.455 2.558 2.635 2.697 2.748 2.792 2.830 2.864 2.894
36 2.028 2.302 2.452 2.555 2.632 2.693 2.745 2.788 2.826 2.860 2.890
37 2.026 2.299 2.449 2.551 2.628 2.690 2.741 2.784 2.822 2.856 2.886
38 2.024 2.297 2.447 2.548 2.625 2.686 2.737 2.781 2.819 2.852 2.882
39 2.023 2.295 2.444 2.546 2.622 2.683 2.734 2.777 2.815 2.848 2.878
40 2.021 2.293 2.441 2.543 2.619 2.680 2.731 2.774 2.812 2.845 2.875
48 2.011 2.279 2.426 2.526 2.601 2.661 2.711 2.753 2.790 2.823 2.852
60 2.000 2.265 2.410 2.508 2.582 2.642 2.691 2.733 2.769 2.801 2.830
80 1.990 2.252 2.394 2.491 2.564 2.623 2.671 2.712 2.748 2.780 2.808
120 1.980 2.238 2.379 2.475 2.547 2.604 2.651 2.692 2.727 2.758 2.786
240 1.970 2.225 2.364 2.458 2.529 2.585 2.632 2.672 2.707 2.737 2.764
Inf 1.960 2.212 2.349 2.442 2.511 2.567 2.613 2.652 2.686 2.716 2.743
alpha 0.10
df\k 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 6.314 8.650 9.983 10.891 11.570 12.108 12.551 12.926 13.250 13.535 13.788
2 2.920 3.721 4.182 4.500 4.740 4.932 5.091 5.226 5.344 5.447 5.540
3 2.353 2.912 3.232 3.453 3.621 3.755 3.866 3.961 4.044 4.117 4.182
4 2.132 2.598 2.863 3.046 3.185 3.296 3.389 3.468 3.536 3.597 3.652
5 2.015 2.433 2.669 2.832 2.956 3.055 3.137 3.207 3.268 3.322 3.371
6 1.943 2.332 2.551 2.701 2.815 2.906 2.982 3.047 3.103 3.153 3.198
7 1.895 2.264 2.470 2.612 2.720 2.806 2.877 2.938 2.991 3.038 3.080
8 1.860 2.215 2.413 2.548 2.651 2.733 2.802 2.860 2.911 2.956 2.996
9 1.833 2.178 2.369 2.500 2.599 2.679 2.745 2.801 2.850 2.893 2.932
10 1.812 2.149 2.335 2.463 2.559 2.636 2.700 2.755 2.802 2.844 2.882
11 1.796 2.126 2.308 2.433 2.527 2.602 2.664 2.718 2.764 2.805 2.842
12 1.782 2.107 2.286 2.408 2.500 2.574 2.635 2.687 2.733 2.773 2.809
13 1.771 2.091 2.267 2.387 2.478 2.550 2.611 2.662 2.706 2.746 2.781
14 1.761 2.078 2.252 2.370 2.459 2.531 2.590 2.640 2.684 2.723 2.758
15 1.753 2.066 2.238 2.355 2.443 2.514 2.572 2.622 2.665 2.703 2.738
16 1.746 2.056 2.226 2.342 2.429 2.499 2.557 2.606 2.649 2.687 2.720
17 1.740 2.048 2.216 2.331 2.417 2.486 2.543 2.592 2.634 2.672 2.705
18 1.734 2.040 2.207 2.321 2.406 2.475 2.531 2.579 2.621 2.659 2.692
19 1.729 2.033 2.199 2.312 2.397 2.464 2.521 2.568 2.610 2.647 2.680
20 1.725 2.027 2.192 2.304 2.388 2.455 2.511 2.559 2.600 2.636 2.669
21 1.721 2.021 2.185 2.297 2.380 2.447 2.503 2.550 2.591 2.627 2.659
22 1.717 2.016 2.179 2.290 2.373 2.440 2.495 2.542 2.583 2.619 2.651
23 1.714 2.012 2.174 2.284 2.367 2.433 2.488 2.534 2.575 2.611 2.643
24 1.711 2.008 2.169 2.279 2.361 2.427 2.481 2.528 2.568 2.604 2.636
25 1.708 2.004 2.165 2.274 2.356 2.421 2.476 2.522 2.562 2.597 2.629
26 1.706 2.000 2.161 2.269 2.351 2.416 2.470 2.516 2.556 2.591 2.623
27 1.703 1.997 2.157 2.265 2.347 2.411 2.465 2.511 2.551 2.586 2.617
28 1.701 1.994 2.153 2.261 2.342 2.407 2.461 2.506 2.546 2.581 2.612
29 1.699 1.991 2.150 2.258 2.338 2.403 2.456 2.502 2.541 2.576 2.607
30 1.697 1.989 2.147 2.254 2.335 2.399 2.452 2.497 2.537 2.572 2.603
31 1.696 1.986 2.144 2.251 2.331 2.395 2.448 2.494 2.533 2.567 2.598
32 1.694 1.984 2.142 2.248 2.328 2.392 2.445 2.490 2.529 2.564 2.594
33 1.692 1.982 2.139 2.245 2.325 2.389 2.442 2.487 2.526 2.560 2.591
34 1.691 1.980 2.137 2.243 2.323 2.386 2.439 2.483 2.522 2.557 2.587
35 1.690 1.978 2.135 2.240 2.320 2.383 2.436 2.480 2.519 2.553 2.584
36 1.688 1.976 2.132 2.238 2.318 2.381 2.433 2.478 2.516 2.550 2.581
37 1.687 1.975 2.130 2.236 2.315 2.378 2.430 2.475 2.514 2.548 2.578
38 1.686 1.973 2.129 2.234 2.313 2.376 2.428 2.472 2.511 2.545 2.575
39 1.685 1.972 2.127 2.232 2.311 2.374 2.426 2.470 2.508 2.542 2.573
40 1.684 1.970 2.125 2.230 2.309 2.372 2.424 2.468 2.506 2.540 2.570
48 1.677 1.961 2.114 2.218 2.296 2.358 2.409 2.453 2.491 2.524 2.554
60 1.671 1.952 2.104 2.206 2.283 2.345 2.395 2.438 2.476 2.509 2.538
80 1.664 1.943 2.093 2.195 2.271 2.331 2.381 2.424 2.461 2.494 2.523
120 1.658 1.934 2.083 2.183 2.258 2.318 2.368 2.410 2.446 2.478 2.507
240 1.651 1.925 2.072 2.172 2.246 2.305 2.354 2.395 2.432 2.463 2.492
Inf 1.645 1.916 2.062 2.160 2.234 2.292 2.340 2.381 2.417 2.448 2.476
two-tailed comparisons
k includes the control group
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
140.645 142.721 144.621 146.371 147.991 149.499 150.908 152.231 153.476
18.383 18.624 18.846 19.051 19.241 19.418 19.583 19.739 19.886
9.794 9.910 10.017 10.116 10.208 10.294 10.375 10.450 10.522
7.266 7.346 7.419 7.487 7.550 7.609 7.664 7.716 7.765
6.116 6.178 6.236 6.289 6.339 6.386 6.429 6.470 6.509
5.469 5.523 5.572 5.617 5.659 5.699 5.736 5.770 5.803
5.059 5.106 5.150 5.190 5.227 5.262 5.295 5.326 5.355
4.777 4.820 4.859 4.896 4.930 4.961 4.991 5.019 5.046
4.571 4.611 4.647 4.681 4.713 4.742 4.770 4.796 4.821
4.415 4.452 4.487 4.519 4.548 4.576 4.602 4.627 4.650
4.293 4.328 4.361 4.391 4.419 4.446 4.470 4.494 4.516
4.194 4.228 4.259 4.288 4.315 4.340 4.364 4.387 4.408
4.113 4.146 4.176 4.204 4.230 4.254 4.277 4.299 4.319
4.045 4.077 4.106 4.133 4.158 4.182 4.204 4.225 4.245
3.988 4.019 4.047 4.073 4.098 4.121 4.142 4.163 4.182
3.938 3.968 3.996 4.022 4.046 4.068 4.089 4.109 4.128
3.896 3.925 3.952 3.977 4.001 4.023 4.043 4.062 4.081
3.858 3.887 3.914 3.938 3.961 3.983 4.003 4.022 4.040
3.825 3.853 3.879 3.904 3.926 3.947 3.967 3.986 4.003
3.795 3.823 3.849 3.873 3.895 3.916 3.935 3.954 3.971
3.769 3.797 3.822 3.845 3.867 3.888 3.907 3.925 3.942
3.745 3.773 3.798 3.821 3.842 3.862 3.881 3.899 3.916
3.724 3.751 3.775 3.798 3.820 3.840 3.858 3.876 3.893
3.704 3.731 3.755 3.778 3.799 3.819 3.837 3.855 3.871
3.686 3.713 3.737 3.759 3.780 3.800 3.818 3.835 3.852
3.670 3.696 3.720 3.742 3.763 3.782 3.800 3.817 3.834
3.655 3.681 3.705 3.727 3.747 3.766 3.784 3.801 3.817
3.641 3.667 3.690 3.712 3.732 3.751 3.769 3.786 3.802
3.628 3.654 3.677 3.699 3.719 3.738 3.755 3.772 3.788
3.616 3.641 3.665 3.686 3.706 3.725 3.743 3.759 3.775
3.605 3.630 3.653 3.675 3.695 3.713 3.731 3.747 3.763
3.595 3.620 3.643 3.664 3.684 3.702 3.719 3.736 3.751
3.585 3.610 3.633 3.654 3.673 3.692 3.709 3.725 3.740
3.576 3.601 3.623 3.644 3.664 3.682 3.699 3.715 3.730
3.567 3.592 3.614 3.635 3.655 3.673 3.690 3.706 3.721
3.559 3.584 3.606 3.627 3.646 3.664 3.681 3.697 3.712
3.552 3.576 3.598 3.619 3.638 3.656 3.673 3.689 3.704
3.544 3.569 3.591 3.611 3.631 3.649 3.665 3.681 3.696
3.538 3.562 3.584 3.604 3.623 3.641 3.658 3.674 3.689
3.531 3.555 3.577 3.598 3.617 3.634 3.651 3.667 3.682
3.490 3.513 3.535 3.555 3.573 3.590 3.607 3.622 3.636
3.449 3.472 3.493 3.512 3.530 3.547 3.563 3.578 3.592
3.409 3.431 3.452 3.471 3.488 3.504 3.520 3.534 3.548
3.370 3.392 3.411 3.430 3.447 3.463 3.478 3.492 3.505
3.331 3.352 3.372 3.389 3.406 3.422 3.436 3.450 3.463
3.293 3.314 3.333 3.350 3.366 3.381 3.395 3.409 3.421
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
28.106 28.521 28.901 29.251 29.575 29.876 30.158 30.422 30.671
8.103 8.211 8.310 8.401 8.485 8.564 8.638 8.707 8.773
5.529 5.597 5.660 5.717 5.771 5.821 5.868 5.912 5.953
4.605 4.658 4.707 4.752 4.794 4.834 4.870 4.905 4.938
4.137 4.183 4.225 4.264 4.300 4.334 4.366 4.395 4.424
3.857 3.898 3.936 3.971 4.004 4.034 4.063 4.089 4.115
3.671 3.709 3.744 3.777 3.807 3.835 3.861 3.886 3.909
3.539 3.575 3.608 3.638 3.666 3.693 3.718 3.741 3.763
3.440 3.474 3.506 3.535 3.562 3.587 3.610 3.633 3.654
3.364 3.396 3.427 3.454 3.480 3.504 3.527 3.549 3.569
3.303 3.334 3.363 3.390 3.415 3.439 3.461 3.481 3.501
3.253 3.284 3.312 3.338 3.363 3.385 3.407 3.427 3.446
3.212 3.242 3.269 3.295 3.319 3.341 3.362 3.381 3.400
3.177 3.206 3.233 3.258 3.282 3.303 3.324 3.343 3.361
3.147 3.176 3.202 3.227 3.250 3.271 3.291 3.310 3.328
3.121 3.150 3.176 3.200 3.222 3.243 3.263 3.282 3.299
3.099 3.127 3.152 3.176 3.199 3.219 3.239 3.257 3.274
3.079 3.107 3.132 3.156 3.177 3.198 3.217 3.235 3.252
3.061 3.089 3.114 3.137 3.159 3.179 3.198 3.216 3.233
3.045 3.073 3.098 3.121 3.142 3.162 3.181 3.198 3.215
3.031 3.058 3.083 3.106 3.127 3.147 3.165 3.183 3.199
3.019 3.045 3.070 3.092 3.113 3.133 3.151 3.169 3.185
3.007 3.033 3.058 3.080 3.101 3.121 3.139 3.156 3.172
2.996 3.023 3.047 3.069 3.090 3.109 3.127 3.144 3.161
2.987 3.013 3.037 3.059 3.080 3.099 3.117 3.134 3.150
2.978 3.004 3.028 3.050 3.070 3.089 3.107 3.124 3.140
2.970 2.995 3.019 3.041 3.061 3.080 3.098 3.115 3.131
2.962 2.988 3.011 3.033 3.053 3.072 3.090 3.107 3.122
2.955 2.981 3.004 3.026 3.046 3.065 3.082 3.099 3.114
2.949 2.974 2.997 3.019 3.039 3.058 3.075 3.092 3.107
2.942 2.968 2.991 3.012 3.032 3.051 3.068 3.085 3.100
2.937 2.962 2.985 3.006 3.026 3.045 3.062 3.079 3.094
2.931 2.956 2.979 3.001 3.021 3.039 3.056 3.073 3.088
2.926 2.951 2.974 2.996 3.015 3.034 3.051 3.067 3.082
2.922 2.947 2.969 2.991 3.010 3.029 3.046 3.062 3.077
2.917 2.942 2.965 2.986 3.005 3.024 3.041 3.057 3.072
2.913 2.938 2.960 2.981 3.001 3.019 3.036 3.052 3.068
2.909 2.934 2.956 2.977 2.997 3.015 3.032 3.048 3.063
2.905 2.930 2.952 2.973 2.993 3.011 3.028 3.044 3.059
2.902 2.926 2.949 2.970 2.989 3.007 3.024 3.040 3.055
2.879 2.903 2.925 2.945 2.964 2.982 2.999 3.015 3.029
2.856 2.880 2.901 2.922 2.940 2.958 2.974 2.989 3.004
2.833 2.857 2.878 2.898 2.916 2.933 2.950 2.965 2.979
2.811 2.834 2.855 2.875 2.893 2.910 2.925 2.940 2.954
2.789 2.812 2.832 2.852 2.869 2.886 2.901 2.916 2.930
2.767 2.790 2.810 2.829 2.846 2.862 2.878 2.892 2.905
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
14.017 14.224 14.414 14.589 14.750 14.901 15.042 15.174 15.298
5.623 5.699 5.768 5.833 5.892 5.948 6.000 6.048 6.094
4.242 4.295 4.345 4.390 4.432 4.472 4.509 4.543 4.576
3.701 3.746 3.787 3.825 3.860 3.893 3.924 3.953 3.980
3.415 3.455 3.491 3.525 3.557 3.586 3.614 3.640 3.664
3.238 3.275 3.309 3.340 3.369 3.396 3.422 3.446 3.468
3.119 3.153 3.185 3.215 3.242 3.268 3.292 3.314 3.336
3.032 3.065 3.096 3.124 3.150 3.175 3.198 3.219 3.239
2.967 2.999 3.028 3.055 3.081 3.104 3.126 3.147 3.167
2.916 2.947 2.975 3.002 3.026 3.049 3.070 3.091 3.110
2.875 2.905 2.933 2.959 2.982 3.005 3.026 3.045 3.064
2.841 2.871 2.898 2.923 2.947 2.968 2.989 3.008 3.026
2.813 2.842 2.869 2.894 2.917 2.938 2.958 2.977 2.995
2.789 2.818 2.844 2.868 2.891 2.912 2.932 2.951 2.968
2.769 2.797 2.823 2.847 2.869 2.890 2.910 2.928 2.945
2.751 2.779 2.805 2.828 2.850 2.871 2.890 2.908 2.925
2.735 2.763 2.788 2.812 2.834 2.854 2.873 2.891 2.908
2.722 2.749 2.774 2.797 2.819 2.839 2.858 2.876 2.892
2.710 2.737 2.762 2.785 2.806 2.826 2.845 2.862 2.879
2.699 2.726 2.750 2.773 2.794 2.814 2.833 2.850 2.866
2.689 2.715 2.740 2.763 2.784 2.803 2.822 2.839 2.855
2.680 2.706 2.731 2.753 2.774 2.794 2.812 2.829 2.845
2.672 2.698 2.722 2.745 2.766 2.785 2.803 2.820 2.836
2.664 2.691 2.715 2.737 2.758 2.777 2.795 2.812 2.828
2.658 2.684 2.708 2.730 2.750 2.770 2.788 2.804 2.820
2.651 2.677 2.701 2.723 2.744 2.763 2.781 2.797 2.813
2.646 2.671 2.695 2.717 2.738 2.757 2.774 2.791 2.807
2.640 2.666 2.690 2.712 2.732 2.751 2.768 2.785 2.801
2.635 2.661 2.685 2.706 2.727 2.745 2.763 2.780 2.795
2.631 2.656 2.680 2.701 2.722 2.740 2.758 2.775 2.790
2.626 2.652 2.675 2.697 2.717 2.736 2.753 2.770 2.785
2.622 2.648 2.671 2.693 2.713 2.731 2.749 2.765 2.781
2.619 2.644 2.667 2.689 2.709 2.727 2.745 2.761 2.777
2.615 2.640 2.664 2.685 2.705 2.723 2.741 2.757 2.773
2.612 2.637 2.660 2.681 2.701 2.720 2.737 2.753 2.769
2.609 2.634 2.657 2.678 2.698 2.716 2.734 2.750 2.765
2.606 2.631 2.654 2.675 2.695 2.713 2.730 2.747 2.762
2.603 2.628 2.651 2.672 2.692 2.710 2.727 2.743 2.759
2.600 2.625 2.648 2.669 2.689 2.707 2.724 2.740 2.756
2.598 2.623 2.645 2.667 2.686 2.704 2.722 2.738 2.753
2.581 2.606 2.628 2.649 2.669 2.687 2.704 2.719 2.734
2.565 2.589 2.612 2.632 2.651 2.669 2.686 2.701 2.716
2.549 2.573 2.595 2.615 2.634 2.652 2.668 2.684 2.698
2.533 2.557 2.578 2.598 2.617 2.634 2.651 2.666 2.680
2.517 2.541 2.562 2.582 2.600 2.617 2.633 2.648 2.663
2.502 2.525 2.546 2.565 2.583 2.600 2.616 2.631 2.645