Stress Concentration

 Maximum Stress :
 max  K ( P / A)
where A is gross or net area,
P/A is average stress and K is
stress concentration factor.

 2 different K:
 Kg : Use the gross area Ag
(total area)
 Kt : Use the net area Anet (total
area minus hole)

 Due to necking, Kg is
generally easier to calculate
experimentally
Stress Concentration Factor for Flat Bars
with Axial Loading
 Flat Bar of uniform
thickness t and width w
with a circular hole of
diameter d.
 Anet = (w-d)t; Ag = wt

 max  Kt ( P / Anet )
Stress Concentration Factor for Flat Bars
with Axial Loading
 Bar of uniform thickness t
 Width D reducing to
width d with symmetrical
fillets of radius r.
 D = d + 2r
 Anet = dt; Ag = Dt

 max  Kt ( P / Anet )
Stress Concentration Factor for Flat Bars
with Axial Loading
 Bar of uniform thickness t
 Width B reducing to
width b with grooves of
radius r and depth d.
 B = b + 2d
 d/r = 1 for semi-circular
groove.
 Anet = bt; Ag = Bt
Stress Concentration for Infinite Plate

 Results for hole in

infinite plate, i.e. plate
with infinite width w.
 Stresses at the boundary
of the hole:
r  0
  [1  2 cos(2 )]
r 

 Max stress at θ = 0

 max
Infinite Plate vs. Finite Plate

28 000

Axial Stress (psi)

-500

σ = 10 000 psi
Kn = 2.8
Auxiliary Holes

 With proper spacing and

size can lower stress
concentrations
 Need to perform several
tests to determine proper
spacing and size
 Proper Spacing and Size

Spacing Size
Optimum Auxiliary Holes vs. No Holes
Optimum Auxiliary Holes vs. No Holes

Kn= 2.8 Kn = 2.6

28 000

Axial Stress (psi)

-500