M AY 23, 2016

THE
MARKETS
ARE CHOKING
OUR ECONOMY
HOW TO
SAVE IT
BY RANA
FOROOHAR

time.com
Just because you don’t see it,
doesn’t mean it isn’t there.
Introducing the newly redesigned Volkswagen Passat with Blind Spot Monitor, one
of seven available Driver Assistance features.* Passat. Where family happens. When equipped with
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vw.com Simulated image. *Driver Assistance features are not substitutes for attentive driving. See Owner’s Manual for further details and important limitations. For more information, visit www.iihs.org. ©2016 Volkswagen of America, Inc.
 VOL. 187, NO. 19 | 2016

2 | From the Editor

4 | For the Record
The View
Ideas, opinion,
Cover Story innovations
The Brief
How to Save Capitalism News from the U.S. and
around the world
15 | Jack Dickey on
the year of campus
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V 7 | The Bore vs. the
protests
HFRQRPLF IXWXUH Boor: Clinton’s plan to 16 | Is dating dead?
By Rana Foroohar 26 beat Trump
18 | Cutlery you can eat
8 | What to know about
the new President of 18 | Death of a
the Philippines
Citizen Khan Salesman in the
Persian Gulf
6DGLT .KDQ QHZO\ HOHFWHG 0XVOLP PD\RU RI /RQGRQ VHHV 9 | Free land! To get it,
KLPVHOI DV DQ kDQWLGRWHy WR UHOLJLRXV H[WUHPLVP just move to Siberia— 18 | Three new planets,
or Kansas same old search for life
By Mark Leftly 34
10 | Ian Bremmer on a 20 | In the Internet age,
C OV ER: CU R R E N CY D E TA IL : D I M I T ROVO PH TO G R A PH Y/G E T T Y I M AG ES, C S Q UA R ED ST U D I OS/G E T T Y I M AG ES; K H A N: J ER E M Y S ELW Y N — E V E N I N G STA N DA R D/E Y E V I N E /R ED UX ; K EL LY: PE T ER H A PA K F O R T I M E

Saudi reform plan how do dictionaries

keep up?
10 | Censorship
questions at Facebook 22 | Teaching please and
thank you in the age of
11 | It’s North Carolina talking gadgets
vs. the U.S. over
transgender rights 24 | Aging baby
boomers go it alone
12 | Alberta’s ashes

Time Of 50 | Writer Geoff Dyer’s

What to watch, read, boredom is never boring
see and do
50 | Mark Kurlansky’s
47 | A risk-averse Game new history of paper
of Thrones
52 | Postrecession ilm
48 | The explosively Money Monster
funny Lady Dynamite
Khan commuting to work on his irst day as mayor 53 | Quick Talk with
49 | The Americans just director Jodie Foster
keeps getting better
55 | Consider The
Notes From Underground Lobster, a movie about
:KDW 3DXO :LHGHIHOG
V VWUXJJOH WR o[ WKH '& 0HWUR FDQ WHOO pairing up
XV DERXW WKH SOLJKW RI $PHULFDQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH 56 | Move over, plate.
By Alex Altman 38 Hello, bowl!

59 | Joel Stein on
how idiots took over
The Passion of George C. Wolfe America
+RZ D GLUHFWRU
V SXUVXLW RI D IRUJRWWHQ  %URDGZD\ KLW 60 | 12 Questions
OHG WR D QHZ 6KXéH $ORQJ‹DQG  7RQ\ QRPLQDWLRQV with Fox News anchor
By Richard Zoglin 42 Megyn Kelly

On the cover: TIME photo-illustration

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1
From the Editor

A new look at Back in TIME

capitalism July 14, 1975
TIME asked whether capitalism would last—and it has, at least
FOR THE PAST SIX YEARS, COLUMNIST AND long enough to be the subject of this week’s cover
assistant managing editor Rana Foroohar has
explored the global economy for TIME from ▷ Adam Smith’s The Wealth
practically every angle. She has interviewed and of Nations was about to hit
proiled some of its most inluential players— 200—and so was the U.S.
including CEOs like Mary Barra and Howard
Schultz, investors Carl Icahn and Warren Bufett, ▷ America had the most
and Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen. She has powerful economy on the
used her Curious Capitalist column to explore capitalist side of the Cold
vital issues, from the impact of immigration War world but was taking a
reform to the prospects for the stock market and hit from “staglation.”
our retirement accounts. And she has ventured
anywhere necessary to connect TIME’s readers ▷ Despite all that, TIME
with the real economy, whether that’s a production decided the system still
line in Schenectady, N.Y., shipping batteries stood “to prosper and
around the world, or a Chicago high school where spread.”
educators and business leaders are iguring out
how to help young people prepare for the jobs of ▷ Reporter-researcher
the future. △ Valerie Gerry said working
SPEAKING OF SMITH
In between all of those, Rana has written a new He gets credit for theories on the story was a “crash
book, Makers and Takers: The Rise of Finance of capitalism, but Adam course in all those people
and the Fall of American Business, from which Smith didn’t use that word. everybody quotes but
this week’s cover story is adapted. She mounts He called it “natural order.” nobody reads.”
a provocative argument: that capitalism has
lost its way—and that it is in the interest of
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the inanciers who supported this book as sources BONUS
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For the Record

C/(7
6
‘We see you. Carnival
Adonia
The cruise ship *272
We stand with you.’
LORETTA LYNCH,
was the irst in
decades to make
a U.S.-Cuba
circuit
:25.

DELRISH MOSS, new police chief

U.S. Attorney in Ferguson, Mo., upon his
General, swearing in as the city’s irst
supporting African-American police chief,
LGBT rights nearly two years after Ferguson
as the U.S. was rocked by protests over
sued North the killing of an unarmed black
Carolina over a teenager by a white police oficer
new state law GOOD WEEK
that prohibits BAD WEEK
transgender
people from
using a
bathroom other
than the one
that matches
the sex on their
birth certiicate

Carnival
Pride
The ship crashed
into a gangway in
‘THIS IS NOT Baltimore; no

LY N C H , Q U E E N E L I Z A B E T H I I : G E T T Y I M A G E S; M O S S : A P ; A D O N I A , P R I D E : C O U R T E S Y C A R N I VA L C R U I S E L I N E ; I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E
one was hurt

A REALITY
SHOW.’
PRESIDENT OBAMA, warning against the rise
of former reality-TV star Donald Trump after
the billionaire businessman became the
presumptive Republican presidential nominee
‘They were
very rude.’
 QUEEN ELIZABETH II, caught in a rare unguarded

PLOOLRQ 50,000
Pounds of raw potatoes that closed down
moment on video describing the conduct of Chinese
oficials during a state visit by President Xi Jinping

Value of a winning an interstate in North Carolina when the

Powerball ticket sold tractor-trailer carrying them overturned
in New Jersey, one of
the largest jackpots in
lottery history

$671
million
Value of Amazon stock
sold by the company’s
CEO, Jeff Bezos, the most
‘If I do bad, shoot me.’
RODRIGO DUTERTE, President-elect of the Philippines, declaring victory after
the founder has sold
a campaign that saw the controversial Davao City mayor joke about gang rape

SOURCE: CNN
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Caps off!
Today we
celebrate
the success
of so many...

...and keep working

for the success
of many more.
We celebrate students graduating from high school or moving on to the next grade.
And we’re proud to play a part. We’re the nation’s largest organization dedicated
to helping students overcome barriers, stay in school and stay on the path to
graduation. Working inside public schools and with community partners, we do this
for 1.5 million at-risk kids every year. But 11 million more students need similar help.
To learn what you can do, go to CommunitiesInSchools.org
 ‘THIS ACTION IS ABOUT A GREAT DEAL MORE THAN JUST BATHROOMS.’ —PAGE 11
Clinton meets with voters on May 9 at Mug’n Muin bakery in Aldie, Va.
ELECTION 2016 EVERYONE EXPECTED HILLARY
Clinton to come out swinging. Days
Hillary’s new earlier, Donald Trump had called
plan to trump her an “enabler” of her husband’s
philandering—just the latest taunt
Trump—by from a man whose inlammatory com-
ments about women are increasingly
being boring aimed at one woman in particular.
But when Clinton met with voters
By Philip Elliott and
on May 9 at a bakery in Aldie, Va.,
Charlotte Alter a spread of untouched muins and
croissants became a symbol of the bait
she wouldn’t take—not yet, anyway.
Instead she went for policy over
personality, hammering home how
she would encourage early-childhood
education and work to make college
more afordable. And when harangued
by reporters about Trump’s venom,
Clinton sounded more Secretary of
GE T T Y IMAGES
State than candidate. “I have nothing
PHOTOGR APH BY WIN MCNAMEE
to say about him and how he’s running
his campaign,” Clinton said before
whisking of to meet parents picking
up their children from a nearby
preschool. “Pickup time! Pickup
time!” she sang to herself.
Message delivered: if Trump wants
a mud ight—and judging by how
he’s trolling his own party, including
House Speaker Paul Ryan, it seems
as if he does—she has other plans.
The strategy is to bet that voters grow
weary of the Trump drama and antics
and to establish the battleield on
which the 2016 general election will
be fought: a contest of policy, not a
name-calling tweet battle. Clinton’s
team believes even the soccer moms
who dislike her or disagree with her
politics might think she’s a safer
option than “loose cannon” Trump.
7
TheBrief

Before you praise Clinton as the when she’s in campaign mode. Her ap-
grownup, it’s worth remembering proval rating was at 38% during her
this reality: she’s a lousy politician, husband’s 1992 campaign, only to rise
by her own admission. Clinton has past 66% when she was First Lady.
never commanded huge crowds, The number fell back to 48% when
and she continues to lose primaries, she ran for President in 2008, but re-
most recently in West Virginia. bounded to 66% when she was Secre-
But her wonk shop at her Brooklyn tary of State, according to Gallup.
headquarters rivals the White House’s In short, Americans like Hillary
Domestic Policy Council. Clinton the nerdy technocrat. They do
That doesn’t mean Clinton’s team not like Hillary Clinton the candidate.
is conident of victory. Far from it. So Clinton’s advisers told her, Stop
But its leaders have settled into a acting like a candidate. Don’t wait for
governing-over-glamour plan in a way the seesaw. Just be a wonk.
that Trump’s Republican rivals never And that’s what she gave the
did, and the candidate has far more kafeeklatsch. It was so boring that
discipline and a thicker skin than any you could practically hear the muins
of the 16 whom Trump vanquished. getting crusty. A baby cried. A school-
Before the bakery visit, her age child swung his feet. Clinton
economic advisers were on a looked attentive, listening carefully SPOTLIGHT
conference call explaining to to voters who asked thoughtful ques-
reporters why Trump’s economic tions about education, child-care costs Rodrigo Duterte: the
plan wouldn’t work. It wasn’t that and paid family leave. She squinted Trump of the East?
Trump was a bad guy. It’s that he to show she was listening, wrapped in On May 9, the Philippines elected Duterte as
didn’t know anything about the the cozy comfort of child care and President. His populist style and controversial
economy, taxes or managing the educational policy, her version rhetoric have drawn wide comparisons to
U.S. debt. “We still think facts of a security blanket. Donald Trump. But are they really all that
and numbers matter and Just a grandma sipping cof- similar? —Charlie Campbell/Davao
should in this campaign,” fee and talking about the
THE CASE FOR ... ... AND AGAINST
said Gene Sperling, importance of arts
an economic education with ▽ ▽
Both are unafraid to Duterte, raised
adviser in the a couple dozen use brash language. Catholic, is an
administrations moms (and a Trump calls Mexicans advocate for
of both Clinton’s few dads). If rapists; the minority groups,
husband and Donald Trump is the great controversial former iercely backing
mayor of Davao City calls by his country’s
Barack Obama. boor of the 2016 election, then jokes about gang marginalized Moro
This playbook has Hillary Clinton is the great rape. One vows to Muslims for greater
worked before. Most bore. This is Clinton’s new groove build a wall at the autonomy, and has
people don’t like Clinton of snooze. □ Mexican border; the even supported gay
other threatens to marriage. Trump
“butcher” criminals. has threatened to
Trump vs. the GOP Both have used bar Muslims from
The billionaire businessman has suffered a raft of high-proile defections stump speeches to visiting the U.S. and
since becoming the presumptive Republican nominee brag about the size of is against marriage
their manhood. equality.

▽ ▽
Both men have run Duterte, 71, has
populist campaigns spent nearly 40 years
that have had global in public service,
repercussions. irst as a prosecutor
JEB BUSH MITT ROMNEY PAUL RYAN BEN SASSE A spokesman for Trump’s plan to halt and later as a mayor
Former Florida Former House Speaker Nebraska former President
governor Senator
Muslim immigration and Congressman.
Massachusetts GEORGE W. BUSH
governor was condemned His election to his
‘I’m just not worldwide, while nation’s highest
‘In November, ready to ‘With Clinton ‘[He] does
I will not vote Duterte’s remark ofice is credited to
‘I don’t intend [endorse and Trump, not plan to that he “should have his zero-tolerance
for Donald on supporting Trump] at the ix is in. participate in or been irst” in the approach to crime
Trump or either of the this point.’ Heads, they comment on the 1989 gang rape of in Davao. Trump
Hillary major-party win; tails, presidential a missionary drew has not held
Clinton.’ candidates.’ you lose.’ campaign.’ censure from the U.S. elected ofice
and Australia. in the U.S.

8 TIME May 23, 2016

 TRENDING

HEALTH
Electronic cigarettes
are poisoning rising
numbers of children,
according to a new
report that analyzed
calls to the National
Poison Data System.
The study was released
the same week the
FDA said it would
begin regulating the
sale and marketing of
e-cigarettes.

VICTORIOUS VETERANS A member of the U.S. sitting-volleyball team celebrates a score during a
best-of-three win over the U.K. in the second Invictus Games for wounded veterans in Orlando. Prince Harry,
who started the games in 2014 to honor veterans and promote the role of sports in rehabilitation, lost $20
POLITICS in a bet with a U.S. vet over the outcome of the gold-medal game. This year, 15 nations competed in 10
Brazilian President events. Photograph by Tim Rooke—REX/Shutterstock
Dilma Rousseff
was expected to
face impeachment
proceedings after a
May 11 vote, with a REAL ESTATE most isolated in the world and have
majority of Senators This land could be fewer than 50 residents. The local
reported to be in government gives land to settlers of all
favor of suspending your land—for free nations, who can apply for residential,
her and putting her
on trial for inancial
garden, forest or orchard plots.
impropriety. RUSSIAN PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN
T R U M P, D U T E R T E , H E A LT H , P O L I T I C S : A P ; T R U M P V S . T H E G O P (5 ), M I L I TA R Y: G E T T Y I M A G E S

signed a law on May 2 ofering a free 3. YUKON, CANADA The Yukon

hectare (2.5 acres) of land to any citizen
who moves to the country’s sparsely
populated far east, including the
northern Arctic, deep Siberia
and the coast near Japan. He’s
in good company:
MILITARY
A U.S. warship sailed 1. MARQUETTE, KANS. The small
close to an artificial prairie town is one of a handful
island in a disputed in the state that distribute lots to
region of the South
China Sea on May 10, potential new residents for commu-
prompting China to nity and economic improvement. In
scramble ighter jets. Marquette, U.S. citizens can apply
U.S. oficials said for free land if they agree to build
the operation was housing on their new plots.
intended to “challenge
excessive maritime
claims” by China, 2. PITCAIRN ISLANDS These four British
Taiwan and Vietnam. islands in the South Paciic are among the
Territory’s Agricultural Lands Program
ofers tracts for those brave enough
to cultivate Arctic land.
Canadians or permanent
3 residents 19 or older can
submit plans for approval.
4
1 4. LOUP CITY, NEB. With a
population of around 1,000, the
city gives away land if applicants
agree to build over 1,100 sq. ft.
of housing. Applicants under
a certain income level can
apply for “Workforce
Home” lots and can receive
2
up to $20,000 toward a
construction down payment.
—JULIA ZORTHIAN
9
TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT Marginal spending cuts and adjustments

Saudi Arabia’s reform might be achievable, but the Saudi bureau-
cracy has never before accepted such a com-
TRENDING plan is bold, modern prehensive reform plan. More important, the
and likely doomed Saudi system is built on an understanding that
government provides for citizens in exchange
By Ian Bremmer for political obedience. Serious reform would
require citizens to
THIS IS A MOMENT OF HIGH ANXIETY IN The kingdom work harder and re-
Saudi Arabia. Oil prices are half the level ceive less inancial
the Saudi government needs in order to
must end support from the
MILITARY balance its books, and it is burning through its deep government. Fun-
A graduation photo
cash reserves. Global oversupply ensures dependence damental changes in
of 16 female African-
American West Point no rebound for the foreseeable future. Rival on oil. The education are also re-
cadets raising their Iran is on the rise. Traditional Saudi allies, current path quired if young Sau-
fists in a racially including the U.S., are keeping their distance. can’t be dis are to compete
charged salute was Finally, the kingdom stands on the verge of a for 21st century jobs.
not in violation of the
sustained
military’s restrictions
generational change in leadership, and there’s much longer Further, Moham-
on political expression, a risk of a succession ight when King Salman med bin Salman will
the U.S. Military dies. There is nothing the Saudis need more face serious push-
Academy concluded than comprehensive economic reform. The back from the powerful conservatives who
after an investigation. kingdom must end its deep dependence on provide the royal family its religious legiti-
oil revenue and build a dynamic 21st century macy and who suspect this project is designed
economy. The current path can’t be sustained mainly to boost the prince’s chances of suc-
much longer. ceeding his father. They’re probably right, and
That’s why the kingdom has launched Mohammed’s commitment to the plan will be
Vision 2030. Led by the king’s 31-year-old an open question in the face of resistance. He’s
REFUGEES son Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin far from a lock to take the throne, with many
A senior aide to Salman, the project aims to lower the un- older relatives still in the picture, and the cul-
President Recep Tayyip employment rate, bring more women into tural changes required to make this plan work
Erdogan of Turkey the workforce and more than triple the share are probably beyond him even if he does.
said refugees would of nonoil exports. This is the plan the Saudis Vision 2030 isn’t designed to restore
be sent to Europe
if Turkey did not get need, acknowledging the kingdom’s true the economic and cultural dynamism the
visa-free access to weaknesses and challenges ahead. It deserves kingdom has lost. It’s a plan to create it from
the continent, days the support of Saudis and outsiders alike. But scratch, which is why it’s likely too little
after Prime Minister it probably won’t work. too late. □
Ahmet Davutoglu,
architect of the
refugee pact with the
E.U., announced his

M I L I TA R Y: A P ; R E F U G E E S , C U R R Y: G E T T Y I M A G E S; C R I M E : R E U T E R S ; L A W : S K I P F O R E M A N — A P
TECHNOLOGY
resignation.
What Facebook isn’t telling you
A new report from tech blog Gizmodo alleges that Facebook’s Trending feature is curated by
humans, some of whom bury content from conservative news outlets. (Facebook denied the report,
saying it has “rigorous” neutrality policies.) Here are answers to key questions. —Victor Luckerson

WHAT IS THE WHO DECIDES WHY ARE SOME

TRENDING BOX? WHAT’S IN IT? PEOPLE UPSET?
CRIME A group of curators, Because some 63%
A fire that caused a It’s the widget in the
top right corner of the who pick from a pool of U.S. adult users
major explosion at a of popular stories get a portion of their
Texas fertilizer plant Facebook home page
(when you irst log surfaced by an news from Facebook,
in 2013 was set on algorithm. Unlike up from 47% in 2013.
purpose, federal and in from a computer)
that lists major news traditional news That gives the social
state investigators said sites, which run network signiicant
on May 11. The blast at items relevant to your
interests. It’s different staff mastheads and power—and has
the West Fertilizer Co. bylines, Facebook sparked more calls
facility flattened part from News Feed, the
center column, which keeps their names for transparency
of the town of West, private; the widget to ensure that that
killing 15 people and features posts from
your friends. doesn’t indicate power is not being
injuring hundreds. human involvement. abused.
Milestones
ANNOUNCED DATA
By the White House,
that President
Obama will visit
Hiroshima, in the BEDTIMES OF
THE WORLD
first visit there by
a sitting American
New research by
President since
the University of
the U.S. dropped
Michigan used data
an atomic bomb
from a smartphone
on the city at the
app to measure
end of World War II.
sleep patterns in
The White House
20 countries. Here
said Obama will not
are the average times
apologize for the
a few of them turn
bombing.
in at night:
DIED
Robert Bennett, 82, Belgium
a former three-term
Republican U.S.
Senator from Utah Despite protests, a controversial law remains on the books
who became one
of the first victims LAW Men Women
of the Tea Party PayPal withdrew plans to bring
movement when he A North Carolina 400 jobs to the state. The NBA said
10:58 P.M. 10:32 P.M.

was ousted before

a 2010 primary.
ight could reshape it would move the 2017 All-Star
U.S.
civil rights Game. But then something new
▷William Schallert,
happened: the Justice Department
93, a character
actor who had roles ACCORDING TO ONE THEORY, sent McCrory a letter saying the
in TV, movies and North Carolina is nicknamed law violates civil rights protections
theater over several the Tar Heel State because its because discrimination against Men Women
10:56 P.M. 10:51 P.M.
decades, most Confederate soldiers stood their transgender people is a form of sex
notably as the father
ground as if their feet were stuck. discrimination. Unless the state
and uncle of the Canada
“identical cousins” That lore was given a modern backed down, the feds warned, it
on The Patty Duke update on May 9 when Governor stood to lose billions of dollars in
Show in the 1960s. Pat McCrory sued the federal federal funds.
government after it ordered the “This action is about a great
WON
The Kentucky Derby, state to efectively scrap a new deal more than just bathrooms. Men Women
11:00 P.M. 10:58 P.M.
by Nyquist. The law limiting bathroom access for This is about the dignity and re-
horse, who won transgender people. Within hours, spect we accord our fellow citi-
by 1¼ lengths, is the Justice Department responded zens,” said U.S. Attorney General UAE
undefeated at 8-0. with its own lawsuit, setting up Loretta Lynch, likening the mea-
▷The NBA’s Most
Valuable Player a court ight that could shape sures to the racist Jim Crow laws
award, in the irst civil rights law for generations. passed after the end of slavery.
unanimous vote ever, That it has come to this is more McCrory, a Republican run- Men Women
11:34 P.M. 11:49 P.M.
by Stephen Curry of surprising than it may seem. Al- ning for re-election, has dug in,
the Golden though states and municipalities accusing the feds of a “baseless
State
Warriors. have proposed a raft of so-called and blatant overreach” stemming Singapore
The sharp- bathroom bills in 2016, most have from a “radical reinterpretation”
shooting been voted down or vetoed fol- of the Civil Rights Act.
point guard lowing public pressure. A major- The dueling lawsuits could
led the ity of Americans (57%) oppose eventually ind their way to the Men Women
Warriors
to the best the measures, according to a new Supreme Court—and with it, per- 11:35 P.M. Midnight

regular- CNN/ORC poll, and a broad coali-
season tion of major corporations have
inish in united to ight against them.
league The same playbook was
history.
used by opponents in North
Carolina. Entertainers like Bruce
Springsteen canceled concerts.
haps, clarity about the limits of
equal protection under the law. Spain
Says University of Michigan law
professor Samuel Bagenstos:
“People will look back on this law
and this litigation as a very impor- Men Women
tant moment.”—KATY STEINMETZ 11:37 P.M. Midnight

11
LightBox
Scorched
earth
A swing set is among
the charred remains of a
neighborhood gutted by
a massive wildire in Fort
McMurray, Alberta, on May 6.
More than 80,000 people
were evacuated from the
city, a hub of Canada’s once
booming oil-sands region.
Although at least 2,400
homes and buildings were
destroyed, some 85% of the
area remains intact.

Photograph by Scott Olson—

Getty Images

▶ For more of our best photography,

visit lightbox.time.com
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 ‘I SAW MYSELF THROUGH MY SON’S WORDS—AND DIDN’T LIKE HOW I LOOKED.’ —PAGE 22
The Feb. 29 Black Student Union protest at UC Riverside was one of hundreds at U.S. colleges this year
RACE PITY THE COMMENCEMENT SPEAK-
ers charged with capping the 2015–16
What schools academic year. After two semesters of
should learn vigorous protest at campuses all over
the nation, how can the usual chase-
from student your-dreams exhortations suice?
At the University of Missouri,
protests a graduate student’s hunger strike
prompted the football team to an-
By Jack Dickey nounce a walkout, compelling in turn
the resignations of the university pres-
ident and chancellor. At Claremont
McKenna College in California, pro-
testers drove out the dean of students.
Under pressure, Harvard and Yale did
L O S A N G E L E S T I M E S/G E T T Y I M A G E S
away with the title “master.” And at
more than 50 schools in all, student
protesters made demands—for greater
faculty diversity, new courses, public
apologies, administrators’ ousting.
It’s been half a century since we’ve
PHOTOGR APH BY MARCUS YAM
seen U.S. schools so roiled. The latest
results from a long-running annual
UCLA study, published in February,
quantiied the phenomenon. The
share of freshmen nationwide who
said there was a “very good chance”
they would participate in a protest
while enrolled rose to 8.5% from 5.6%
in 2014. (Among black students, the
share climbed from 10.5 % to 16%.)
These igures were the highest the
survey had recorded since it began in
1967, stretching back from the eras of
protests against the war in Iraq, the
antiapartheid movement, the Kent
State shootings and the draft.
Yet for all its ubiquity and urgency,
the year’s groundswell—following re-
cent years’ campus actions on sexual
assault and student debt—has man-
aged only to bale the broader pub-
15
The View

lic. The movement’s message may have been lost BOOK IN BRIEF
amid the talk of “trigger warnings,” “safe spaces” VERBATIM Dating isn’t dead—
and all manner of ideas anathema to free-speech ‘I got on a and history proves it
advocates. prescription
But animating almost every march, die-in and IN THE AGE OF SEXTING AND TINDER,
issuance of demands was a provocative, unassail-
when I was it’s common to hear older generations
able claim: Black students matter, and they will really young to bemoan the death of dating—especially
no longer tolerate the status quo, no matter the help with my compared with other decades, when
decades of apparent progress in higher ed and anxiety and it was de rigueur to meet for dinner
elsewhere. depression and a movie. But did those “good old
One of the signature achievements of the and I still take days” ever actually exist? In her new
last century was the reconstitution of America’s it today, and I book, Labor of Love, author Moira Wei-
higher-education system. After World War II, have no shame gel argues that for
student bodies at the country’s public and private in that.’ as long as mod-
institutions started to look like America itself. But ern dating has
KRISTEN BELL, actor,
their faculties have not caught up. Less than 6% arguing that we should
existed in the
of full-time faculty at four-year institutions are treat mental health just U.S.—since the
African American. Faculty diversity has proved as routinely as physical early 1900s, when
health
harder to pull of than student-body diversity; the young women left
problem comprises not only universities’ struggle their homes for
to keep professors from leaving but also the work in the out-
diiculty in diversifying doctoral programs. side world—there
This gap is pernicious, warping the curriculum have been critics
and how students see themselves. At Towson Uni- of the way it’s car-
versity, sophomore Bria Johnson, who protested ried out. Early on, it was the meet-ups
racism on campus this fall, says her peers draw the themselves; women who were treated
wrong lesson when the cafeteria workers are al- to meals and shows were likened to
most all black and the professoriate is almost all prostitutes. By the ’50s and ’60s, par-
white. Adds Bilphena Yahwon, a Towson senior, ents were lamenting the decay of moral
“Being black on this campus . . . you know that values as their kids were “parking” and
there’s a me and there’s a them. And you’re always going to “petting parties.” And yet peo-
hyperconscious of everything you do. You’re con- ple still managed to ind happiness and
stantly editing yourself. I don’t want to be too black. romance, Weigel concludes, just as they
I don’t want to it into that stereotype.” will today: “Reports of the death of dat-
In recent months, university presidents have ing [have] been greatly exaggerated.”
pledged to address this problem. Yale vowed —SARAH BEGLEY
to spend $50 million on faculty diversity and
established an interdisciplinary center devoted to
the study of race, indigeneity and transnational
migration. Brown has said it will double its faculty CHARTOON
diversity by 2025. And college presidents at less Phonetically deined
wealthy universities have signed of on protesters’
demands, promising movement on a handful of
related issues.
Making black students and professors feel truly
welcome at predominantly white U.S. colleges will
require heavy lifting. And anything that does work
will take years to show results. There’s a reason
President Obama chose Norman Rockwell’s 1964
painting The Problem We All Live With, about
the pains of integration, to hang outside the Oval
Oice in 2011. Colleges without war chests would
be well advised to do their damnedest to promote
openness, tolerance and curiosity among their
BELL: GE T T Y IMAGES

student bodies. Despite the seeming intractability

of racial problems on campus, the ex-protesters who
will graduate this season deserve an extra cheer for
dragging their schools into the future. □ J O H N AT K I N S O N , W R O N G H A N D S

16 TIME May 23, 2016

 '$%&

Own a Piece of
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©2015 Time Inc. TIME and LIFE are trademarks of Time Inc.
The View ▶ For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas

BIG IDEA

Edible cutlery
Every year, humans waste billions of pieces of plastic flatware, which clog landills and hurt the DISCOVERY
environment. So Indian startup Bakeys invented a line of forks, spoons and chopsticks that THREE
can double as dessert. The cutlery, made from hearty sorghum flour, is baked until nearly all its NEW
moisture is gone, meaning it’s strong enough to handle hot soup. And it comes in three flavors: EARTHS
savory (like a cracker), sweet (like an ice cream cone) and plain (like a wafer), all of which have
sold well in India. Now Bakeys is focused on new markets; it recently raised more than $278,000 Some very big news
on Kickstarter for a global expansion. —Julie Shapiro broke 40 light-
years away, where
astronomers just
discovered a trio of
very Earth-like planets
orbiting a star named
Trappist-1, which could
harbor life. Here’s what
makes them special.
THEIR SIZE
All three planets are
about the diameter of
Venus or Earth, which
means they probably
have rocky surfaces
where life can emerge
and thrive.

THEY’RE WARM
The planets orbit very
close to their star,
which should make
them too hot, except
the star is what’s
known as an “ultracool
dwarf,” meaning that
close is good. That
could make for shirt-
sleeve temps.

THEY’RE WET
REVIEW In Missing Man: The American Spy (MAYBE)
Missing Man: The Who Vanished in Iran, New York Times Water is common in
space. If it exists on
reporter Barry Meier provides a ine-grained
American Spy chronology of the so-far fruitless eforts to
these three worlds
with their balmy
Who Vanished in Iran persuade Iran to release Levinson, eforts temperatures, it would
likely be liquid.
that take in arms dealers, the U.S. National
IN MARCH 2007, A RETIRED FBI AGENT Prayer Breakfast, Russian oligarchs and THEY HAVE AIR
named Bob Levinson, fretting about his an angry Kurd. There is a good deal of (MAYBE)
income and his relevance, lew to the Iranian fumbling and no little intrigue, but nothing It takes gravity to hold
island of Kish. There he had as compelling as the forces that on to atmosphere.
C U T L E R Y: M I C H A E L B U C H E R F O R T I M E ; P L A N E T: M . K O M M E S S E R — E S O

Mars, with half the size

arranged to meet an African- moved Levinson to take the and gravity of Earth,
American convert to Islam known extraordinary risk that he did. In lost its air. The three
as Dawud Salahuddin, who had his emails and in the accounts of new planets are big
lived in Iran since 1980, the year others, he emerges as an aging and enough to keep their
he assassinated an enemy of the cash-strapped former G-man who air—if they have it.
—Jeffrey Kluger
Islamic Republic in the foyer of had a bunch of kids in college, and
a suburban Washington home. hopes of returning to the hurly-
Levinson’s hope was to recruit burly by impressing his enabler at
Salahuddin as a spy, though the CIA, which Levinson calls “the
Levinson was not one himself. He pickle factory.”
had a modest contract with the Constructed as a noniction
CIA, but not the part that runs agents. Things thriller, Missing Man is at its core a tragedy,
did not go well on Kish. Salahuddin was Death of a Salesman in the Persian Gulf.
detained, and Levinson disappeared. —KARL VICK
18 TIME May 23, 2016
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The View
Redefining
the modern
dictionary
By Katy Steinmetz
PEACHES MONROEE WAS A YOUNG
woman of no particular fame when she
posted a video about her eyebrows on
social network Vine two years ago. But
that changed in the seconds it took her
to describe those eyebrows as being
“on leek.” Spurred by her unfamiliar
slang (and charm), the post went
viral. Soon IHOP was tweeting about
“pancakes on leek.” Kim Kardashian
West was using an #EyebrowsOnFleek
hashtag to caption a selie. Public
curiosity soared. By late 2014, an average
of 27,000 people were typing “What
does on leek mean?” into their Google
search bars every month. About a year
later, Dictionary.com got around to
adding a deinition: “lawlessly styled,
groomed … looking great.”
The yearlong lapse––which is rela-
tively fast for a traditional dictionary to
add a word––highlights a problem that
academics and linguists are trying to
solve: lexicographers, the experts who
write gold-standard deinitions, can-
not keep up with demand in an era when
words travel by iber-optic cable and
not just by mouth or mail. As Aston Uni-
versity linguist Jack Grieve says, “A new
word is more likely to take of and spread
now than in the past because it’s easier
What’s the
word
Jack Grieve, a linguist
at the U.K.’s Aston
University, says that
thanks to the web, new
words can travel faster
and existing ones can
quickly become new
obsessions. Here are a
few examples:
Baeless
(bey’-les)
Single; without a mate
20 TIME May 23, 2016
for it to move.” Yet writing deinitions
remains a methodical exercise in obser-
vation and distillation. “We have to wait
for words to settle both in meaning and
pronunciation,” says Peter Sokolowski,
editor-at-large for Merriam-Webster.
“And those things take time.”
So while dictionary makers may
rightly wait years before giving a new
word the full treatment, other experts
are trying to give the reading public
something reliable in the meantime by
inding a compromise between authority
and speed. “A really good deinition is a
beautiful thing,” says Erin McKean, a lex-
icographer who founded the “Internet-
age” dictionary company Wordnik.
“I also believe that something is always
better than nothing.” Other innovators
are bringing rich data online for the
irst time and even reimagining the very
nature of what a dictionary can be.
YOU MAY HAVE HEARD of Urban Dic-
tionary. Much like Wikipedia, that
crowdsourced website can be a good
place to start asking a question about
what a word means, but experts say it
doesn’t produce exhaustive answers—
nor always serious ones. Take the top
search result for on leek: “A work
[sic] used by uncultured idiots.” Says
Dictionary.com lexicographer Jane
Solomon: “You have to sift through
a lot to get to these core pieces of in-
formation.” Lexicographer Jonathon
Green, who wrote the most compre-
hensive dictionary of English slang ever
printed, is less diplomatic: “It is a joke.”
On leek
(awn fleek)
On point; looking good
Green parses even the most obscene,
NSFW slang with the seriousness of a
biologist dissecting a frog, and he plans
to make his $625 set of three hulking
volumes far more useful by turn-
ing them into a searchable database,
with 130,000 words and phrases, this
summer. Green’s Dictionary of Slang
covers ground that traditional diction-
aries will not, and that will help ill
some gaps: as any lexicographer will tell
you, even a word that you’re encounter-
ing for the irst time is probably older
than you think. (Take this excerpt from
a 1917 letter: “I hear that a new order of
Knighthood is on the tapis—O.M.G.”)
At Green’s London lat, it takes him
0.4 seconds to pull up 403 thoroughly
researched synonyms for a promiscuous
woman. “I feel the potential of my data-
base is unlimited,” he says.
But while going online will provide
a portal for people to suggest new terms
that need deining, Green wants the
deinitions to remain lexicographer-
grade. If done well, a dictionary deini-
tion “stands in as a witness to the whole
culture,” as Oxford English Dictionary
editor Edmund Weiner puts it. And
that’s a pretty high bar.
I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y T O M A S Z W A L E N TA F O R T I M E
Lowering the bar is a key part of
McKean’s plan for Bay Area–based
Wordnik, which aims to be more re-
sponsive than traditional dictionaries
but more authoritative than crowd-
sourced sites. “There’s a lot of word-
shaped objects out there, way too many
to write deinitions for all of them,” she
says. “So how do we solve this problem?
Tookah
(took’-uh)
Marijuana; Mary Jane;
weed; pot
 Well, it turns out journalists deine
words all the time.” McKean raised
nearly $60,000 on Kickstarter to invest
in machine learning, so her startup can
get better at scraping quality deinitions
from sources like magazines, blogs and
newspapers. Soon, when people search
for a word on her site, even if they don’t
get a deinition, they will still get help-
ful clues: example sentences from ar-
ticles, tweets that contain the word, pic-
tures from Flickr that have been tagged
with that term. Look up the word cook-
print, for example, and up pops an ex-
cerpt from a Consumer Reports blog:
“And cut down on your cookprint—the
energy you use to prepare the food you
eat.” McKean thinks such snippets are
helpful enough for many people’s pur-
poses. “Most of the words you learned
in your life, you never read a deinition
for. You just read them in a sentence or
heard someone say them,” she says.
THEN THERE ARE PEOPLE like Roberto
Navigli, a computer scientist and as-
sociate professor at Sapienza Univer-
sity in Rome, who is going far beyond
the “what’s that word mean” use case.
He has built a network that may well be
the dictionary of the future, one orga-
nized using the meanings of words, not
their spellings. His database is part en-
cyclopedia and part translator, in which
terms come with illustrations—and will
soon come with videos and animation.
It includes entities as well as words, so
a search for apple produces results that
contain a picture of fruit as well as the
Gainz Famo
(geyns) (fah’-moh)
Weight gained through Family and friends
tough exercise
‘A new word is more
likely to take of and
spread now than in the
past because it’s easier
for it to move.’
JACK GRIEVE, Aston University linguist
famous corporate logo. Navigli calls it
BabelNet, after the biblical tower and
the technology he believes can bridge
the world’s languages. “The idea is to
put a lot of resources together, all the re-
sources that people usually access sepa-
rately,” he says. As it stands, BabelNet
has 14 million entries, with information
in 271 languages, drawing on more than
a dozen giant sources of data.
The irst two that Navigli combined
were Wikipedia and a network built at
Princeton University called WordNet.
While print dictionaries organize
words in relatively useless alphabetical
order, the academics at Princeton
manually arranged words based on
their meanings, grouping sets that go,
for instance, from general to speciic
and from part to whole. So there is
a set that connects vehicle to car to
convertible and a connection from
car to its components: the engine,
the wheel, the piston. Like WordNet,
BabelNet has the potential to help
with artiicial intelligence. While it’s
easy for humans to understand which
bank a person means from context
(whether it’s a pool shot or the place
to ind an ATM), such distinctions—a
Senpai
(sen-pahy’)
An older mentor
concept known as disambiguation—
aren’t so simple for computers. If the
likes of Siri hear the words money
and bank in close proximity, that can
help her igure out what a person is
talking about.
When a user types a term into the
BabelNet search bar, responses come
back in a list that starts with the one
it thinks you meant, partly based on
how many connections the term has.
Type in “plane” and up comes an
airplane, followed by a geometric plane
and a metaphysical plane. A user can
hear the word spoken out loud and
translate it into languages ranging from
Haitian Creole to Cherokee. One can
also explore the network, traveling
from the airplane entry to amphibious
aircraft to the history of aviation to the
reclusive aviator Howard Hughes. To
increase BabelNet’s reliability, Navigli
has released online games and this fall
plans to launch a social network through
which users will validate material that
comes from places like Wikipedia.
And he’s going to keep adding more
data in the meantime, plowing ahead
with all the optimism of a Silicon Valley
technocrat. “The more we integrate,
the more conirmation we have that
some translation or some deinition
is appropriate. It is a virtuous cycle,”
Navigli says. Search for the meaning of
that phrase on BabelNet and you get
seven deinitions, one of which is this:
“a situation in which the solution to one
problem makes each future problem
easier to solve.” □
Cosplay
(kos’-pley)
Costumed role-
playing
21
The View Smart Home
How to talk to our
technology is parenting’s
next great dilemma
By John Patrick Pullen
ONE OF THE MOST UNEXPECTED THINGS ABOUT HAVING
children is how the quest to mold perfect little humans
ultimately becomes a project of making yourself a better
person. Though hardly revolutionary, this epiphany came
to me recently when I was talking to an inanimate object,
Amazon’s Echo speaker, in front of my 18-month-old Jack.
“Echo, turn on the lights. Echo, set my thermostat to 72
degrees. Echo, play ‘Wheels on the Bus,’ ” I commanded the
gadget, which understands and responds to an ever growing
set of orders (including, no surprise, “Echo, buy more dia-
pers”). Every time I said “Echo,” Jack’s eyes shot up to the
cylinder-shaped speaker atop the refrigerator, its glowing
blue halo indicating it was listening. Then, one day, the inevi-
table happened: “Uggo!” Jack barked. “Bus!”
After I explained to Jack that it’s not nice to call someone
an uggo, I saw myself through my son’s words—and didn’t like
how I looked. Sure, Echo doesn’t care how you talk to it. But
to Jack, I must have seemed like a tyrant. And by imitation, he
became my little dictator. This dilemma is likely only to grow
as voice-based artiicial intelligence becomes more common-
place. Already, Apple’s iPhones and iPads have Siri; Google-
powered devices come with a similar feature, Google Now;
and Microsoft has Cortana. Soon we’ll be regularly talking to
digital Moneypennys at home, work and everywhere else.
LIKE MOST PARENTS, my wife and I hope Jack grows up to
be kind. Like most toddlers, he needs some help with this. My
exchanges with my technology have clearly been setting a bad
example. But how exactly to talk to our technology is far from
clear. “The issue of ‘please’ is huge. It’s one of the foundations
of etiquette,” says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post In-
stitute and the great-great-granddaughter of America’s best-
known arbiter of manners. “Kids model the behavior of the
parent, and if you want your child to be using the word please
often, you need to use it often too.”
So now I say “please” as much as I can. I say it to my wife,
my son’s teddy bear, Siri, Echo, Cortana, even my dog. But not
everybody agrees that speaking to computers the way we’d
like to be spoken to is the best way forward. Oren Etzioni,
CEO of the Allen Institute for Artiicial Intelligence in Seattle,
is one. “I don’t say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to my toaster,” he
argues. “Why should I say it to [Echo]?”
Etzioni believes that the machines we have now, our
smartphones and tablets, are efectively appliances. “It seems
to me that we reserve politeness as a social lubricant,” he says.
“It has a purpose.” And as a father, Etzioni is concerned that his
22 TIME May 23, 2016
son will overanthropomorphize smart
devices. “I’d be worried that he’d get
confused in the same way that we don’t
want our kids to think Superman is real
and then jump of something,” he says.
IF YOU’VE EVER BEEN FOOLED by an
online customer-service chatbot or an
automated phone system, you’ll agree
that this technology is evolving quickly.
AI AND HOW Coming generations will ind it even
WE RELATE
TO IT harder to diferentiate between bots and
people, as they encounter even more
artiicially intelligent assistants backed
by machine learning—computers that
teach themselves through repeated
interactions with human beings.
At Microsoft, for instance, there’s
Today a personality team dedicated to help-
Voice-driven ing Cortana get a better grasp of man-
services ners and mannerisms. The technology
like Siri and is being infused with cultural cues to
Hound mostly make it more likable. For example, Cor-
retrieve
and collate tana’s avatar bows to Japanese users,
information who prefer formality. “Having a person-
from the ality designed into the system, knowing
web for some of the nuances of the way humans
convenience’ communicate, how they use diferent
sake
adjectives and how they say ‘thank you’
and ‘please’—we think it’s an impor-
tant part of getting that overall speech
and dialogue system right,” says Marcus
Ash, program manager for Cortana.
Meanwhile, Hound, a voice-
assistant app available for a broad
Tomorrow range of devices, not only processes the
More adept, magic words (please, thank you, you’re
humanlike welcome, excuse me, sorry) but also
artiicial
softens its responses when users speak
intelligence
is on track them. “When you say ‘hello’ to Hound,
to supplant you might hear one type of response,
translators, but when you say ‘hey’ or ‘yo,’ you will
teachers deinitely hear a diferent one,” says
and even
Keyvan Mohajer, a co-founder and the
therapists
CEO of SoundHound.
For humans, etiquette is a kind of
social algorithm for managing feelings.
Computers will get better at understand-
ing this—but that will likely take de-
PULLEN: JENNI PULLEN
cades. Which is more than enough time
for me to solve this uggo problem.
Pullen is technology columnist for TIME
Light. Powerful.
Brilliant. Beautiful.
Work. Play.
Unparalleled.

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The View Longevity
Baby boomers are isolating
themselves as they age.
That’s bad—for everyone
By Laura L. Carstensen
A LARGE BODY OF RESEARCH SHOWS THAT EMOTIONAL
experience improves with age. People are slower to show anger
and more prone to see silver linings. They solve emotionally
charged conlicts more efectively and are more likely to
forgive and forget.
So the prospect of millions of baby boomers entering a
stage in life that brings wisdom and emotional balance has
many researchers excited about the possibility that they will,
as they enter their inal years, build a better world. After
all, not only are boomers distinguished by their numbers,
which will intensify their impact on society, but they are
also diferent from earlier cohorts of aging Americans: going
gently into that good night doesn’t appeal to a generation
that, in its youth, wanted to start a social revolution.
But a sobering inding has emerged from the Stanford
Center on Longevity’s Sightlines Project (sightlinesproject
.stanford.edu). We tracked six age cohorts across historical
time on variables that predict length and quality of life. The
study is based on analyses of eight nationally representative,
high-quality, multiyear studies involving more than a million
Americans over two decades. The Sightlines Project monitors
the percentages of Americans in each age group who are
doing well in areas critical to long-term well-being. Instead
of comparing younger people with older people, Sightlines
compares people today with people who were the same
age 15 to 20 years ago. In this way, we produce a dynamic
snapshot of trends, for better and for worse.
THERE IS AMPLE EVIDENCE that social engagement has
positive efects on health and longevity. Social isolation is as
strong a risk factor for early mortality as cigarette smoking.
Which makes the indings about social engagement among
boomers startling. The 55-to-64-year-olds just about to join
the ranks of the elderly are far less socially engaged now than
their predecessors were at the same age 20 years ago. And
this pattern emerged across virtually all traditional measures
of social engagement: Boomers are less likely to participate
in community or religious organizations than were their
counterparts 20 years ago. They are less likely to be married.
They talk with their neighbors less frequently. And it doesn’t
stop with participation in communities and neighborhoods:
boomers report fewer meaningful interactions with their
spouses and partners than did previous generations, and they
report weaker ties to family and friends.
Should we be worried about these trends? Possibly,
though the portrait sketched by the Sightlines data generates
24 TIME May 23, 2016
hypotheses rather than deinitive
answers. It is possible, for example,
that boomers, especially women, are
working longer, which ofers its own
kinds of social connection. Another
possibility is that they are interacting in
nontraditional ways, using social media
and participating in global communities,
though this is unlikely to fully explain
the phenomenon, given that many
boomers remain digitally averse. But it
is also possible that patterns of social
THE ME disengagement relect the price that
GENERATION boomers will pay for having rejected
family values and traditions many years
ago. Boomers are, after all, the most
78.8
million
divorced generation in history.
Whatever the reasons, the sheer
Number of
U.S. boomers
size of this generation means that these
at their peak behavioral changes may endure for those
population in that follow. The indings are especially
1999; that intriguing since this is the generation
decreased to that proclaimed that the world should
an estimated
74.9 million
have higher standards and sparked
in 2015, great changes in our society in order to
according realize them. If boomers bow out, a very
to the Pew diferent scenario may unfold.
Research
Center
SPECIFICALLY, their health may sufer
as they withdraw from meaningful
engagement. But if they stay engaged as
70%
Percentage of
they age, boomers may spark a second
social revolution. This revolution
people ages wouldn’t look like the revolution
51 to 70 who
are online imagined back at Woodstock; there
and have a would be far less chanting in the streets.
Facebook Instead, boomers could become an army
account, of millions of gray-haired people, better
compared educated than any previous generation,
with 88% of
millennials, armed with unprecedented inancial
according to a resources and decades of experience,
2014 study by ready to solve the practical problems of
GlobalWeb- life. This revolution could inally help
Index the nation become a better place for
young people. As Marc Freedman, the
CEO of Encore.org, says, “Maybe we can
stop trying to stay young and instead
rally to help people who actually are.”
Now wouldn’t that be a itting legacy for
the Woodstock generation?
ROD SEARCEY
Carstensen is the director of the Stanford
Center on Longevity
I WANT TO BE THAT WOMAN
WHO DOES WHAT SHE LOVES
EXCEPT… I DON’T HAVE A CLUE WHERE TO START.

WE HEAR YOU
That’s why we created
Life Reimagined.
It’s designed to help you •nd your true
passion and map out how to get there.
Get personal advice from experts,
coaches, and people like you who are
going for it. So if you don’t think “this
is right for me” when you think AARP,
then you don’t know “aarp.”

Real Possibilities

aarp.org/possibilities
ISSUES + 2016
 Over the past four decades, the rules that govern the
United States’ free-market system have been warped.
That, Rana Foroohar argues in her new book,
Makers and Takers, seriously imperils every American’s
economic future. How we got here and how to ix it
 COUPLE OF WEEKS
ago, a poll con-
ducted by the Har-
vard Institute of
Politics found
something startling:
only 19% of Ameri-
cans ages 18 to 29
identiied themselves as “capitalists.” In the rich-
est and most market-oriented country in the world,
not down, which is partly
only 42% of that group said they “supported capital-
ism.” The numbers were higher among older people;
still, only 26% considered themselves capitalists. A
little over half supported the system as a whole.
This represents more than just millennials not
minding the label “socialist” or disafected middle-
aged Americans tiring of an anemic recovery. This is
a majority of citizens being uncomfortable with the
country’s economic foundation—a system that over
hundreds of years turned a ledgling society of farm-
ers and prospectors into the most prosperous nation
in human history. To be sure, polls measure feelings,
not hard market data. But public sentiment relects
day-to-day economic reality. And the data (more on
that later) shows Americans have plenty of concrete
reasons to question their system.
This crisis of faith has had no more severe expres-
sion than the 2016 presidential campaign, which has
turned on the questions of who, exactly, the system
is working for and against, as well as why eight years
and several trillions of dollars of stimulus on from the
inancial crisis, the economy is still growing so slowly.
All the candidates have prescriptions: Sanders talks
of breaking up big banks; Trump says hedge funders
should pay higher taxes; Clinton wants to strengthen
existing inancial regulation. In Congress, Republi-
can House Speaker Paul Ryan remains committed
to less regulation.
All of them are missing the point. America’s eco-
nomic problems go far beyond rich bankers, too-big-
to-fail inancial institutions, hedge-fund billionaires,
ofshore tax avoidance or any particular outrage of
the moment. In fact, each of these is symptomatic of
a more nefarious condition that threatens, in equal
measure, the very well-of and the very poor, the red
and the blue. The U.S. system of market capitalism
itself is broken. That problem, and what to do about
it, is at the center of my book Makers and Takers: The
Rise of Finance and the Fall of American Business, a
three-year research and reporting efort from which
this piece is adapted.
To understand how we got here, you have to un-
derstand the relationship between capital markets—
meaning the inancial system—and businesses. From
the creation of a uniied national bond and bank-
ing system in the U.S. in the late 1790s to the early
1970s, inance took individual and corporate sav-
ings and funneled them into productive enterprises,
28 TIME May 23, 2016
creating new jobs, new wealth and, ultimately, eco-
nomic growth. Of course, there were plenty of
blips along the way (most memorably the specula-
tion leading up to the Great Depression, which was
later curbed by regulation). But for the most part,
STAGNANT inance—which today includes everything from
INCOME banks and hedge funds to mutual funds, insurance
irms, trading houses and such—essentially served
Financialization has business. It was a vital organ but not, for the most
funneled wealth up, part, the central one.
why middle-class Over the past few decades, inance has turned
wages have hardly
budged since the 1960s away from this traditional role. Academic research
shows that only a fraction of all the money wash-
Wages ing around the inancial markets these days actu-
ally makes it to Main Street businesses. “The inter-
Average hourly pay
has increased just mediation of household savings for productive
$1.25 in 50 years investment in the business sector—the textbook de-
after adjusting scription of the inancial sector—constitutes only a
for inflation minor share of the business of banking today,” ac-
2015 cording to academics Oscar Jorda, Alan Taylor and
$21.04 Moritz Schularick, who’ve studied the issue in detail.
By their estimates and others, around 15% of capi-
1965
$19.79
tal coming from inancial institutions today is used
to fund business investments, whereas it would
have been the majority of what banks did earlier in
the 20th century.
“The trend varies slightly country by country, but
the broad direction is clear,” says Adair Turner, a for-
mer British banking regulator and now chairman of
the Institute for New Economic Thinking, a think
tank backed by George Soros, among others. “Across
all advanced economies, and the United States and
the U.K. in particular, the role of the capital markets
and the banking sector in funding new investment
is decreasing.” Most of the money in the system is
being used for lending against existing assets such
as housing, stocks and bonds.
To get a sense of the size of this shift, consider that
the inancial sector now represents around 7% of the
U.S. economy, up from about 4% in 1980. Despite cur-
rently taking around 25% of all corporate proits, it
creates a mere 4% of all jobs. Trouble is, research by
numerous academics as well as institutions like the
Bank for International Settlements and the Interna-
tional Monetary Fund shows that when inance gets
that big, it starts to suck the economic air out of the
room. In fact, inance starts having this adverse efect
when it’s only half the size that it currently is in the
P R E V I O U S PA G E S : I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y L O N T W E E T E N
U.S. Thanks to these changes, our economy is gradu-
ally becoming “a zero-sum game between inancial
wealth holders and the rest of America,” says former
Goldman Sachs banker Wallace Turbeville, who runs
a multiyear project on the rise of inance at the New
York City–based nonproit Demos.
It’s not just an American problem, either. Most of
the world’s leading market economies are grappling
with aspects of the same disease. Globally, free-
market capitalism is coming under ire, as countries
S O U R C E : B U R E A U O F L A B O R S TAT I S T I C S
across Europe question its merits and emerging
markets like Brazil, China and Singapore run their
own forms of state-directed capitalism. An ideolog-
ically broad range of inanciers and elite business
managers—Warren Bufett, BlackRock’s Larry Fink,
Vanguard’s John Bogle, McKinsey’s Dominic Bar-
ton, Allianz’s Mohamed El-Erian and others—have
started to speak out publicly about the need for a
new and more inclusive type of capitalism, one that
also helps businesses make better long-term deci-
sions rather than focusing only on the next quar-
ter. The Pope has become a vocal critic of mod-
ern market capitalism, lambasting the “idolatry of
money and the dictatorship of an impersonal econ-
omy” in which “man is reduced to one of his needs
alone: consumption.”
During my 23 years in business and economic
journalism, I’ve long wondered why our market sys-
tem doesn’t serve companies, workers and consum-
ers better than it does. For some time now, inance
has been thought by most to be at the very top of the
economic hierarchy, the most aspirational part of an
advanced service economy that graduated from agri-
culture and manufacturing. But research shows just
how the unintended consequences of this misguided
belief have endangered the very system America has
prided itself on exporting around the world.
AMERICA’S ECONOMIC ILLNESS has a name: i-
nancialization. It’s an academic term for the trend
by which Wall Street and its methods have come
to reign supreme in America, permeating not just
the inancial industry but also much of American
business. It includes everything from the growth
in size and scope of inance and inancial activity
in the economy; to the rise of debt-fueled specu-
lation over productive lending; to the ascendancy
of shareholder value as the sole model for corpo-
rate governance; to the proliferation of risky, self-
ish thinking in both the private and public sectors;
to the increasing political power of inanciers and
the CEOs they enrich; to the way in which a “mar-
kets know best” ideology remains the status quo.
Financialization is a big, unfriendly word with broad,
disconcerting implications.
University of Michigan professor Gerald Davis,
one of the pre-eminent scholars of the trend, likens i-
nancialization to a “Copernican revolution” in which
business has reoriented its orbit around the inancial
sector. This revolution is often blamed on bankers.
But it was facilitated by shifts in public policy, from
both sides of the aisle, and crafted by the government
leaders, policymakers and regulators entrusted with
keeping markets operating smoothly. Greta Krippner,
another University of Michigan scholar, who has writ-
ten one of the most comprehensive books on inan-
cialization, believes this was the case when inancial-
ization began its fastest growth, in the decades from
the late 1970s onward. According to Krippner, that
MAIN STREET shift encompasses Reagan-era deregulation, the un-
CREDIT
CRUNCH leashing of Wall Street and the rise of the so-called
ownership society that promoted owning property
Commercial banks’ and further tied individual health care and retire-
interest in small-business
lending has waned ment to the stock market.
because it tends to be The changes were driven by the fact that in the
less profitable than other
types of financial activity 1970s, the growth that America had enjoyed fol-
lowing World War II began to slow. Rather than
Small-business make tough decisions about how to bolster it
loans (which would inevitably mean choosing among
In 2015, 50% of various interest groups), politicians decided to pass
small businesses that responsibility to the inancial markets. Little
had a inancing by little, the Depression-era regulation that had
shortfall, securing
less than the full served America so well was rolled back, and inance
amount requested grew to become the dominant force that it is today.
The shifts were bipartisan, and to be fair they often
seemed like good ideas at the time; but they also
came with unintended consequences. The Carter-
era deregulation of interest rates—something that
was, in an echo of today’s overlapping left- and
right-wing populism, supported by an assortment
of odd political bedfellows from Ralph Nader to
As a result, 32% Walter Wriston, then head of Citibank—opened
of growing irms the door to a spate of inancial “innovations” and a
reported that shift in bank function from lending to trading. Rea-
they had to delay
expansion
ganomics famously led to a number of other eco-
nomic policies that favored Wall Street. Clinton-
era deregulation, which seemed a path out of the
economic doldrums of the late 1980s, continued
the trend. Loose monetary policy from the Alan
Greenspan era onward created an environment in
which easy money papered over underlying prob-
lems in the economy, so much so that it is now
chronically dependent on near-zero interest rates
and 21% turned to
personal funds to to keep from falling back into recession.
inance their business
THIS SICKNESS, not so much the product of venal
SOURCE: FEDER AL RESERVE interests as of a complex and long-term web of
SMALL BUSINESS CREDIT SURVE Y
changes in government and private industry, now
manifests itself in myriad ways: a housing market
that is bifurcated and dependent on government
life support, a retirement system that has left mil-
lions insecure in their old age, a tax code that favors
debt over equity. Debt is the lifeblood of inance;
with the rise of the securities-and-trading portion of
the industry came a rise in debt of all kinds, public
and private. That’s bad news, since a wide range of
academic research shows that rising debt and credit
levels stoke inancial instability. And yet, as inance
has captured a greater and greater piece of the na-
tional pie, it has, perversely, all but ensured that
This article was debt is indispensable to maintaining any growth
adapted from at all in an advanced economy like the U.S., where
Foroohar’s Makers 70% of output is consumer spending. Debt-fueled
and Takers inance has become a saccharine substitute for the
(Crown), out real thing, an addiction that just gets worse. (The
this month amount of credit ofered to American consumers
29
has doubled in real dollars since the 1980s, as have
the fees they pay to their banks.)
As the economist Raghuram Rajan, one of the
most prescient seers of the 2008 inancial crisis, ar-
gues, credit has become a palliative to address the
deeper anxieties of downward mobility in the middle
class. In his words, “let them eat credit” could well
summarize the mantra of the go-go years before the
economic meltdown. And things have only deterio-
rated since, with global debt levels $57 trillion higher
than they were in 2007.
The rise of inance has also distorted local econo-
mies. It’s the reason rents are rising in some commu-
nities where unemployment is still high. America’s
housing market now favors cash buyers, since banks
are still more interested in making proits by trading
than by the traditional role of lending out our sav-
ings to people and businesses looking to make long-
term investments (like buying a house), ensuring that
younger people can’t get on the housing ladder. One
perverse result: Blackstone, a private-equity irm, is
currently the largest single-family-home landlord in
America, since it had the money to buy properties
up cheap in bulk following the inancial crisis. It’s
at the heart of retirement insecurity, since fees from
actively managed mutual funds “are likely to con-
iscate as much as 65% or more of the wealth that . . .
investors could otherwise easily earn,” as Vanguard
founder Bogle testiied to Congress in 2014.
It’s even the reason companies in industries from
autos to airlines are trying to move into the business
of inance themselves. American companies across
every sector today earn ive times the revenue from
inancial activities—investing, hedging, tax optimiz-
ing and ofering inancial services, for example—that
they did before 1980. Traditional hedging by energy
and transport irms, for example, has been over-
taken by proit-boosting speculation in oil futures,
a shift that actually undermines their core business
by creating more price volatility. Big tech compa-
FEWER nies have begun underwriting corporate bonds the
GOLDEN
YEARS way Goldman Sachs does. And top M.B.A. programs
would likely encourage them to do just that; inance
Americans are finding it has become the center of all business education.
harder to save enough
money to retire; high Washington, too, is so deeply tied to the ambas-
asset-management sadors of the capital markets—six of the 10 biggest
fees can eat up
retirement-fund gains individual political donors this year are hedge-
fund barons—that even well-meaning politicians
Retirement and regulators don’t see how deep the problems
Today, workers
are. When I asked one former high-level Obama
25 to 35 years old are Administration Treasury oicial back in 2013 why
planning to retire more stakeholders aside from bankers hadn’t been
later than their consulted about crafting the particulars of Dodd-
counterparts two
decades ago
Frank inancial reform (93% of consultation on the
Volcker Rule, for example, was taken with the i-
nancial industry itself), he said, “Who else should
1996 2016 we have talked to?” The answer—to anybody not
profoundly inluenced by the way inance thinks—
65 or younger
might have been the people banks are supposed to
lend to, or the scholars who study the capital mar-
kets, or the civic leaders in communities decimated
by the inancial crisis.
84% 57%
OF COURSE, there are other elements to the story of
Older than 65 America’s slow-growth economy, including familiar
trends from globalization to technology-related job
destruction. These are clearly massive challenges in
their own right. But the single biggest unexplored
reason for long-term slower growth is that the inan-
8% 34% cial system has stopped serving the real economy
and now serves mainly itself. A lack of real iscal
Never retire action on the part of politicians forced the Fed to
pump $4.5 trillion in monetary stimulus into the
economy after 2008. This shows just how broken
the model is, since the central bank’s best eforts
have resulted in record stock prices (which enrich
3% 2% mainly the wealthiest 10% of the population that
REM A INING PERCEN TAG ES D O NOT
K N OW W HEN T HE Y W IL L RE T IRE S O U R C E : E M P L OY E E B E N E F I T R E S E A R C H I N S T I T U T E

How to Make
finance
“Too big to fail” is a
problem, but so is
rewrite more “too big to manage.”
transparent Financial institutions
the rules simply cannot become
so complex that even
their leaders can’t
track risk, as was
The rules of the case leading up
capitalism are to 2008. That might
man-made. necessitate breaking
Here are five up some banks. But
ways to begin it also means more-
righting the transparent trading of
system derivatives and swaps,
many of which are still
too hard to track.
Stop
rewarding
America needs tax
reform that ensures
Rethink
who
Shareholder value is
a narrow deinition
debt over people and companies companies of corporate value.
equity alike aren’t rewarding are run for Companies should be
hollow spending: run for shareholders
buying McMansions, but also for workers,
for instance, or using customers and, to a
debt just to appease certain extent, society
shareholders. Saving at large. Capital
and investing— markets must serve
public and private, the long-term growth
individual and of companies, not
corporate—should be pressure them into
incentivized by the short-term alchemy.
national tax code.

30 TIME May 23, 2016 ILLUSTR ATIONS BY MATT CHASE FOR TIME
owns more than 80% of all stocks) but also a lack-
luster 2% economy with almost no income growth.
Now, as many top economists and investors
predict an era of much lower asset-price returns over
the next 30 years, America’s ability to ofer up even
the appearance of growth—via inancially oriented
strategies like low interest rates, more and more con-
sumer credit, tax-deferred debt inancing for busi-
nesses, and asset bubbles that make people feel richer
than we really are, until they burst—is at an end.
This pinch is particularly evident in the tumult
many American businesses face. Lending to small
business has fallen particularly sharply, as has the
number of startup irms. In the early 1980s, new com-
panies made up half of all U.S. businesses. For all the
talk of Silicon Valley startups, the number of new
irms as a share of all businesses has actually shrunk.
From 1978 to 2012 it declined by 44%, a trend that
numerous researchers and even many investors and
businesspeople link to the inancial industry’s change
in focus from lending to speculation. The wane in en-
trepreneurship means less economic vibrancy, given
that new businesses are the nation’s foremost source
of job creation and GDP growth. Bufett summed it
up in his folksy way: “You’ve now got a body of peo-
ple who’ve decided they’d rather go to the casino than
the restaurant” of capitalism.
In lobbying for short-term share-boosting man-
agement, inance is also largely responsible for the
drastic cutback in research-and-development out-
lays in corporate America, investments that are seed
corn for future prosperity. Take share buybacks, in
which a company—usually with some fanfare—goes
to the stock market to purchase its own shares, usu-
ally at the top of the market, and often as a way of ar-
tiicially bolstering share prices in order to enrich in-
vestors and executives paid largely in stock options.
Indeed, if you were to chart the rise in money spent
S O U R C E : N AT I O N A L B U R E A U O F E C O N O M I C R E S E A R C H
Build a Politicians have been
national passing the buck for
growth slow growth to the
strategy markets since the
1970s. Relying on Wall
Street and central
bankers to create
artiicial growth must
be curtailed. This task
falls to Congress and
the next President.
They must come up
with sensible real
iscal policy and a
growth plan to make
the U.S. competitive
on the global stage.
on share buybacks and the fall in corporate spend-
STIFLING ing on productive investments like R&D, the two
INNOVATION lines make a perfect X. The former has been going
up since the 1980s, with S&P 500 irms now spend-
Large companies are ing $1 trillion a year on buybacks and dividends—
more preoccupied with
boosting share prices equal to about 95% of their net earnings—rather
than funding R&D, which than investing that money back into research, prod-
contributes to long-term
company growth uct development or anything that could contribute
to long-term company growth. No sector has been
Research immune, not even the ones we think of as the most
and innovative. Many tech irms, for example, spend
development
far more on share-price boosting than on R&D as a
Firms with
more than
whole. The markets penalize them when they don’t.
10,000 One case in point: back in March 2006, Microsoft
employees announced major new technology investments, and
accounted its stock fell for two months. But in July of that same
for 73% of
non-federally-
year, it embarked on $20 billion worth of stock buy-
funded R&D ing, and the share price promptly rose by 7%. This
in 1985 kind of twisted incentive for CEOs and corporate of-
icers has only grown since.
That share
As a result, business dynamism, which is at the
dropped to root of economic growth, has sufered. The number
54% by 1998 of new initial public oferings (IPOs) is about a third
of what it was 20 years ago. True, the dollar value
of IPOs in 2014 was $74.4 billion, up from $47.1 bil-
and to lion in 1996. (The median IPO rose to $96 million
51% from $30 million during the same period.) This may
by
2008 show investors want to make only the surest of bets,
which is not necessarily the sign of a vibrant market.
But there’s another, more disturbing reason: irms
simply don’t want to go public, lest their work be-
come dominated by playing by Wall Street’s rules
rather than creating real value.
An IPO—a mechanism that once meant raising
capital to fund new investment—is likely today to
mark not the beginning of a new company’s great-
ness, but the end of it. According to a Stanford Uni-
versity study, innovation tails of by 40% at tech com-
panies after they go public, often because of Wall
Street pressure to keep jacking up the stock price,
even if it means curbing the entrepreneurial verve
that made the company hot in the irst place.
A lat stock price can spell doom. It can get CEOs
canned and turn companies into acquisition fodder,
Redefine Finance is supposed which often saps once innovative irms. Little won-
who’s to be a helpmeet to der, then, that business optimism, as well as busi-
‘making business, not the ness creation, is lower than it was 30 years ago, or
and taking’ main event. The story
of inance itself—as that wages are lat and inequality growing. Executives
at the center of the who receive as much as 82% of their compensation
American economy— in stock naturally make shorter-term business deci-
must be altered to put
businesses back in
sions that might undermine growth in their compa-
the driver’s seat. The nies even as they raise the value of their own options.
correct role for inance It’s no accident that corporate stock buybacks,
is to support job corporate pay and the wealth gap have risen concur-
creators. Only that will
ensure more robust rently over the past four decades. There are any num-
national economic ber of studies that illustrate this type of intersection
growth. between inancialization and inequality. One of the
most striking was by economists James Galbraith
31
and Travis Hale, who showed how during the late see the tax system reformed and the government
1990s, changing income inequality tracked the go-go take more direct action on job creation and poverty
Nasdaq stock index to a remarkable degree. reduction, and address inequality in a meaningful
Recently, this pattern has become evident at a way. Each candidate is crafting a message around
number of well-known U.S. companies. Take Apple, this, which will keep the issue front and center
one of the most successful over the past 50 years. STARTUP through November.
Apple has around $200 billion sitting in the bank, SLUMP The American public understands just how deeply
yet it has borrowed billions of dollars cheaply over and profoundly the economic order isn’t working for
the past several years, thanks to superlow interest the majority of people. The key to reforming the U.S.
The per-capita rate
rates (themselves a response to the inancial crisis) of new business system is comprehending why it isn’t working.
to pay back investors in order to bolster its share creation has not made Remooring inance in the real economy isn’t as
substantial gains—and
price. Why borrow? In part because it’s cheaper has been decreasing simple as splitting up the biggest banks (although
than repatriating cash and paying U.S. taxes. All overall—since the 1980s that would be a good start). It’s about dismantling
the inancial engineering helped boost the Califor- the hold of inancial-oriented thinking in every
nia irm’s share price for a while. But it didn’t stop Startups corner of corporate America. It’s about reforming
(per 100,000 people)
activist investor Carl Icahn, who had manically ad- business education, which is still permeated with
vocated for borrowing and buybacks, from dumping Entrepreneurship academics who resist challenges to the gospel of ef-
the stock the minute revenue growth took a turn for fosters job creation icient markets in the same way that medieval clergy
and economic
the worse in late April. development dismissed scientiic evidence that might challenge
It is perhaps the ultimate irony that large, rich the existence of God. It’s about changing a tax sys-
1977
companies like Apple are most involved with inan- 257 tem that treats one-year investment gains the same
cial markets at times when they don’t need any i- as longer-term ones, and induces inancial insti-
nancing. Top-tier U.S. businesses have never en- tutions to push overconsumption and speculation
joyed greater inancial resources. They have a record 1983 rather than healthy lending to small businesses and
$2 trillion in cash on their balance sheets—enough 185 job creators. It’s about rethinking retirement, craft-
money combined to make them the 10th largest ing smarter housing policy and restraining a money
1992
economy in the world. Yet in the bizarre order that 181 culture illed with lobbyists who violate America’s
inance has created, they are also taking on record essential economic principles.
amounts of debt to buy back their own stock, creat- 2001 It’s also about starting a bigger conversation about
ing what may be the next debt bubble to burst. 165 all this, with a broader group of stakeholders. The
You and I, whether we recognize it or not, are also 2013 structure of American capital markets and whether
part of a dysfunctional ecosystem that fuels short- 129 or not they are serving business is a topic that has
term thinking in business. The people who manage traditionally been the sole domain of “experts”—
our retirement money—fund managers working for the inanciers and policymakers who often have a
asset-management irms—are typically compensated self-interested perspective to push, and who do so
for delivering returns over a year or less. That means in complicated language that keeps outsiders out
they use their inancial clout (which is really our i- of the debate. When it comes to inance, as with
nancial clout in aggregate) to push companies to pro- so many issues in a democratic society, complexity
duce quick-hit results rather than execute long-term breeds exclusion.
strategies. Sometimes pension funds even invest with Finding solutions won’t be easy. There are no
the activists who are buying up the companies we silver bullets, and nobody really knows the perfect
might work for—and those same activists look for model for a high-functioning, advanced market sys-
quick cost cuts and potentially demand layofs. tem in the 21st century. But capitalism’s legacy is too
long, and the well-being of too many people is at
IT’S A DEPRESSING STATE OF AFFAIRS, no doubt. stake, to do nothing in the face of our broken status
Yet America faces an opportunity right now: a rare quo. Neatly packaged technocratic tweaks cannot ix
second chance to do the work of refocusing and right- it. What is required now is lifesaving intervention.
sizing the inancial sector that should have been done Crises of faith like the one American capitalism is
in the years immediately following the 2008 crisis. currently sufering can be a good thing if they lead
And there are bright spots on the horizon. to re-examination and reairmation of irst princi-
Despite the lobbying power of the inancial in- ples. The right question here is in fact the simplest
dustry and the vested interests both in Washington one: Are inancial institutions doing things that pro-
and on Wall Street, there’s a growing push to put vide a clear, measurable beneit to the real economy?
the inancial system back in its rightful place, as a Sadly, the answer at the moment is mostly no. But
servant of business rather than its master. Surveys we can change things. Our system of market capital-
show that the majority of Americans would like to ism wasn’t handed down, in perfect form, on stone
tablets. We wrote the rules. We broke them. And
S O U R C E : C A L C U L AT I O N S B A S E D O N D ATA F R O M T H E E W I N G M A R I O N K A U F F M A N F O U N D AT I O N we can ix them. □
32 TIME May 23, 2016
 The Life of Prince —
Icon, Inspiration and Revolutionary

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 World

IT’S SUNDAY MORNING IN LONDON, AND

Sadiq Khan is sitting in the newly vacated
mayor’s oice. A huge map of the city is
pinned to an inner wall, and the River

CITIZEN
Thames can be seen glistening in the un-
seasonably warm weather outside. Khan
has been chief executive of the city for lit-
tle more than 24 hours, and he’s wonder-
ing when Prime Minister David Cameron
might call to congratulate him. Picking
up his phone to show TIME hundreds of

KHAN
unread messages of congratulations, he
spots a missed call. It’s from 10 Downing
Street, the Prime Minister’s residence. He
will return the call later that day.
Khan, 45, won a landslide, 14-point
victory as the Labour Party’s candidate
in the early hours of May 7 after one of the
London’s irst Muslim mayor nastiest electoral contests in recent Brit-
ish history. His Conservative Party oppo-
aims to be an “antidote” nent, Zac Goldsmith, put Khan’s Muslim
to Islamic extremism faith under scrutiny, demanding to know
why Khan had appeared on platforms
with Islamic extremists as a human-rights
By Mark Leftly/London lawyer. (His answer: he was defending
them.) Londoners rejected Goldsmith
and the ruling Conservative Party, choos-
ing instead to elect the son of an immi-
grant Pakistani bus driver to become the
British capital’s mayor—not to mention
the most prominent Muslim politician in
the Western world. “I feel like the lucki-
est person in the world,” he says. “I am the
boy who won the golden ticket.”
That golden ticket puts him in charge
of a city of nearly 9 million people, only
the third person to be elected to the job
since the position was created in 2000.
The mayor is in charge of the city’s stra-
tegic planning, transport, policing and
economic development but has become
to many people the face of London. And
now, for the irst time, that face looks like
the 44% of Londoners who are not white.
Khan never set out to be a representa-
tive for his faith, but that is the role thrust
upon him in a European capital where the
threat of radical Islamic terrorism is real.
British authorities say that at least 800
people have left the U.K. to ight for ISIS
in Iraq and Syria. Nearly half of these
largely young ighters have returned,

“London is the greatest city

in the world,” says Khan,
“but we’re at a crossroads.”
PHOTOGR APH BY LAUR A PANNACK FOR TIME
sparking fears that some could be plot-
ting terrorist attacks on home turf.
London is an obvious target. After
scores of IRA attacks late in the last cen-
tury, the city has been hit at least twice
by Islamic terrorism—irst in the bus
and subway bombings of July 7, 2005,
which killed 52, and again in 2013 when
a 25-year-old soldier was hacked to death
near his barracks in Greenwich.
Khan says his rise to city hall can be
seen as a riposte to the surge of extrem-
ism in the U.K. “I am a Londoner, I’m
British, I’m of Islamic faith, Asian origin,
Pakistani heritage, so whether it’s Daesh
[a derogatory Arabic acronym for ISIS] or
these others who want to destroy our way
of life and talk about the West, they’re
talking about me. What better antidote
to the hatred they spew than someone like
me being in this position?”
Aspiration, in other words, can engage
disafected youths who yearn for meaning
and sometimes ind it in extremism. “You
say to youngsters, You can be British,
Muslim and successful. You can go into
business, you can go into medicine, you
can go into politics.”
Khan’s life certainly qualiies as one
example. The son of immigrants (his
mother was a seamstress), he grew up in
a housing project so tough that the future
mayor took up boxing to defend himself.
But inspiration is also on ofer, he says, in
the achievements of the double Olympic
gold medalist and long-distance runner
Mo Farah and singer Zayn Malik, who has
risen higher on his own than as part of
One Direction. “The way to respond to
somebody who tries to brainwash people
with a sort of nihilistic view of life and
says the way to get success in this world
and the hereafter is to get a Kalashnikov
and go to commit—in inverted commas—
‘jihad’ is to say, ‘You know what? That’s
not true.’”
He understands he’ll be a target to
some; he was singled out by Islamic fun-
damentalists as a Labour member of Par-
liament in 2013, receiving death threats
for voting in favor of same-sex marriage.
“I’ve experienced the receiving end of
this extremism,” he says. “I understand
what that’s like.”
But Khan serves as an example to more
than troubled youth, says Wes Streeting, a
fellow Labour lawmaker who campaigned
for him. “Given the way politics is at the
36 TIME May 23, 2016
moment, particularly in the U.S.,” he says,
“we feel London has ofered a message
not just to our country but to the rest
of the world about the kind of inclusive
society we want to live in.”
UNFORTUNATELY, London is anything
but inclusive in another key area famil-
iar to voters on both sides of the Atlantic:
economic equality. The average price for a
townhouse now stands at about $887,000,
with most large family homes unaford-
able to all but the staggeringly wealthy.
London real estate is widely known as a
place for Russian and Arab oligarchs to
park their billions. “London is the great-
est city in the world, but we’re at a cross-
roads,” Khan says. “Ordinary Londoners
have been priced out of our city because
of the housing crisis. We’re a city that’s
growing in population, but the infra-
structure can’t cope with the growth.”
He plans to ensure a pipeline of new,
afordable homes for lower- and middle-
class people by fast-tracking new con-
struction projects and freeing up land
owned by public bodies he controls, like
London’s transportation authority. As
blueprints for responsible growth, he
cites New York City Mayor Bill de Bla-
sio’s afordable-housing plans and Chi-
cago Mayor Rahm Emanuel’s idea for a
city infrastructure bank, though both pro-
posals are untested and have yet to win
approval by local residents.
And compared with the mayors of
most large American cities, Khan has lim-
ited powers. He regularly points out that
in London, the mayor controls only 7% of
tax revenue raised in the city, against 50%
in New York and at least 70% in Tokyo.
The rest goes to the government and is
mostly distributed to the rest of the coun-
try. What’s more, the 32 London boroughs
are each in charge of their own local ser-
‘I am a Londoner, I’m British,
I’m of Islamic faith, Asian origin,
Pakistani heritage, so whether it’s Daesh
or these others who want to destroy our
way of life and talk about the West,
they’re talking about me.’
SADIQ KHAN
vices such as education, social programs
and waste collection.
Still, Khan is the mayor and plans to
meet his counterparts in the U.S. to ex-
change ideas and show the lag. Point-
edly, he adds that he will have to travel
before the end of the year, in case Don-
ald Trump is elected President. The pre-
sumptive Republican nominee called for
a “total and complete shutdown” of Mus-
lims entering the U.S. after the attacks in
San Bernardino, Calif. “If Donald Trump
becomes the President, I’ll be stopped
from going there by virtue of my faith,
which means I can’t engage with Ameri-
can mayors and swap ideas,” he says.
Khan’s remarks prompted a slight
softening from Trump. “There are al-
ways exceptions,” the billionaire said on
May 9. “I think [his election] is a very
good thing, and I hope he does a very
good job.” But Khan doesn’t think it will
come to that. “I’m conident that Donald
Trump’s approach to politics won’t win
in America,” he says.
The biggest political question vexing
Britain, however, is the looming referen-
dum on whether to leave the European
Union, a vote slated for June 23. Most
political pundits expect victory for the
“remain” side, which is headed by Cam-
eron, over the “Brexiteers”—the foremost
member being Boris Johnson, who was
mayor of London before Khan.
The contest is close, with an average
of six recent polls putting the campaigns
at 50-50, according to analysis by NatCen
Social Research. In March, while still in of-
ice, Johnson claimed to fellow lawmakers
that London’s inancial center, known as
the Square Mile, would “lourish might-
ily” if Britain were to leave the E.U.
That’s not how Khan sees it. “More
than half a million jobs in London are di-
rectly dependent on the E.U.,” he says.
 “Sixty percent of the world’s leading com-
panies, including Sony, AIG and China
Telecom, have their E.U. headquarters
here in London. Half of London’s exports
go to the European Union. Leaving the
European Union would be catastrophic
for our city.”
IT’S NOT JUST on Europe that Khan dif-
fers from Johnson, the ebullient blond
Tory known for his faux-bumbling man-
ner and tendency to quote ancient Roman
poets by heart. The new mayor claims to
J O N AT H A N B R A DY— PA /A B A C A
be a “metrosexual” who enjoys pop music
with his young daughters, but cuts a more
serious igure in public than his predeces-
sor. “The problem of the last eight years
is Londoners have been given the impres-
sion that the job of the mayor is to cut rib-
△ nonwhite Prime Minister? “Look, the job
Khan embraces one of
his new constituents on his
irst day as mayor
bons, walk the red carpet and tell a few
jokes,” he says. “I can do all that, by the
way, as well. But actually, mayors can do
a huge amount. They can use the pulpit of
city hall to bring people together.”
Johnson is now widely seen as a pros-
pect to succeed Cameron. The current
leader of Labour, Jeremy Corbyn, is from
the party’s far left and won the post after
a populist insurgency but is viewed as
having little chance of winning a gen-
eral election. Could Khan ever leverage
his new position to become Britain’s irst
of the mayor of London for me is a desti-
nation job. It’s not a stepping-stone,” he
says. “Being the mayor of London is such
a huge privilege that the idea that I would
use city hall as a springboard for a coup or
whatever doesn’t appeal to me.”
He says he is content to surrender
his seat in Parliament to be a “full-time
mayor,” albeit one with the biggest man-
date of any politician in the U.K. The
next campaign, after all, is the one on
Brexit, and it will be waged across party
lines. “I’m going to be a Labour mayor
campaigning with a Conservative Prime
Minister for us to remain in the Euro-
pean Union,” Khan says. The next time
Downing Street calls, there will be plenty
to talk about. □
37
DERAILED
AS THE NATION’S INFRASTRUCTURE CRUMBLES,WASHINGTON’S
TRANSIT CHIEF BETS ON A NEW APPROACH BY ALEX ALTMAN
P
aul Wiedefeld knew Metro
was a mess before he agreed
to become its CEO. But it
wasn’t until about a month
into the job that he grasped
the scale of the problems at
Washington’s troubled transit agency.
One morning late last year, he ducked
into D.C.’s Union Station for a short ride
to work. Nothing catastrophic had hap-
pened: there were no plumes of smoke
nor any ireballs, both of which have been
known to mar Metro commutes.
But a minor railcar shortage had
slowed the Red Line to a crawl, and the
platforms were crammed—a sight so fa-
miliar that the station manager barely re-
acted. Wiedefeld, however, was stunned.
“I blew a gasket,” he recalls, sitting in his
downtown oice at a conference table
plastered with transit maps. “This orga-
nization has become numb.”
These days the capital’s 118-mile
(190 km) rail system makes Capitol Hill
look competent by comparison. Metro
is beset by chronic delays and frequent
breakdowns. Its inances are in tatters.
Riders are leeing in frustration. Every-
thing from the tracks and the trains to the
signals and the switches have slipped into
disrepair, sparking increasingly frequent
PHOTOGR APH BY ASTRID RIECKEN
ires and threats from federal regulators
to shutter the system. Ten riders have
died in two incidents caused by mechan-
ical problems since 2009.
For decades, leaders of the Washington
Area Transit Authority sought to address
these issues but instead merely managed
the agency’s decline. Wiedefeld, 60, is
bringing a bolder approach. When a tun-
nel ire broke out in March, the hard-
charging boss ordered the entire system to
close—on a Wednesday, with less than 24
hours’ notice—disrupting the movement
of hundreds of thousands of daily custom-
ers, including much of the federal work-
force. On May 6, he announced a massive
yearlong maintenance overhaul that will
cripple commutes, challenge employers
and hobble businesses.
Wiedefeld knows he’s testing the re-
gion’s tolerance. But in a city that’s famous
for dysfunction, he’s betting that custom-
ers and voters will accept a little bit more
of it—at least for a while—if it begins to ix
Metro’s problems. “We cannot go on the
way we’ve been managing this system,” he
explains. “That’s not what I came to do.”
The stakes are bigger than Metro’s sur-
vival. If he succeeds, Wiedefeld could
chart a new path for oicials who are
struggling to overcome sluggish bureau-
cracies and improve the nation’s decay-
ing infrastructure. Across the country,
roads, bridges and dams are crumbling. In
a 2013 report card, the American Society
of Civil Engineers gave U.S. infrastructure
a D+ grade and called for $3.6 trillion in
investment by 2020. The consequences
of delaying hard choices are evident
from the pipes of Flint, Mich., to the le-
vees of New Orleans to the fatal collapse
of a Minneapolis bridge in 2007. Cash-
strapped local governments have created
long-term problems by dodging short-
term challenges.
“What’s happened in the Washing-
ton Metro has happened, in one form or
another, to most of the infrastructure in
the U.S.,” says Richard Ravitch, who led
the successful turnaround of the graiti-
 scarred New York City subway in the
1980s. Which is why leaders are watching
Wiedefeld’s Metro experiment with inter-
est. If the new boss can ix the nation’s
worst transit system, D.C. could ind itself
in an unlikely role: example to emulate.
WHEN IT OPENED IN 1976, Metro was a
symbol of Washington’s ambitions, a sub-
terranean monument to match the marble
temples on the National Mall. The trains
T H E W A S H I N G T O N P O S T/G E T T Y I M A G E S
were new and punctual. The stations were
cool and clean, with striking architectural
lourishes. Expansion proved to be an
economic engine, revitalizing neighbor-
hoods and linking the suburbs to the city’s
downtown core. “It was a pretty happy
system up through the late 1990s,” says
Zachary Schrag, a history professor at
△ dreds of millions of dollars each year out
Wiedefeld, at the Judiciary Square
station, is shaking up the nation’s
second-busiest transit system
George Mason University in Virginia and
the author of a book about Metro.
Yet from the start, Metro was saddled
with two structural laws. First, each line
runs on just two tracks—New York City’s
subway generally has four—which makes
it diicult to perform maintenance while
still shuttling commuters. And though
Metro needs $3 billion per year to oper-
ate, it is the only major U.S. transit sys-
tem without its own dedicated revenue
stream, like a speciic tax.
As a result, Metro has to wheedle hun-
of a patchwork of jurisdictions—the Dis-
trict of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia and
the federal government—whose politi-
cians have limited cash and competing
priorities. “Metro is an institutional or-
phan,” says Richard White, acting CEO
of the American Public Transportation
Association, who ran Metro for a decade.
“When it came time to take care of what
needed to be done to keep things in order,
everybody headed for cover.”
As far back as the early 1990s, Met-
ro’s boss was warning that the organiza-
tion would face future peril without the
funding to embark on a major rebuilding
project. That midlife upkeep never hap-
pened. By 2004, White declared that the
system was falling into a “death spiral.”
39
 American Genius
Events proved him right. “The ideal
thing would be to rebuild the entire
system from scratch,” says Jack Evans, a
D.C. city councilman and the chairman
of Metro’s board of directors. Evans
recently jolted the region’s residents
by suggesting that entire lines could be
closed for months. At a congressional
hearing in April, he demanded that the
feds pony up some $300 million a year
to help forestall future safety calamities.
“Next time something happens, I’m
blaming you guys,” Evans said, wagging
a inger. Florida Representative John
Mica, a Republican, shot back that
federal taxpayers wouldn’t bail out “the
most screwed-up mess I’ve ever seen in
business or government.”
Wiedefeld has forged ahead. His
sprawling overhaul, which begins on
June 4, will shut down sections of track
and snarl huge swaths of the system to
catch up on critical maintenance. There
are tens of thousands of old wooden rail
ties to swap out, fasteners to replace
and aging insulators that keep sparking.
Sleeves on power cables are missing or
dangerously eroded by leaks in the tun-
nels. Some of the original 1976 trains are
still in use; new ones are buggy.
There is also the problem of workplace
culture, as seen in the impassive reaction
40 TIME May 23, 2016
△ for making decisive moves. But Wiedefeld
Crowded platforms are a common
sight for Metro, which is marred by
spotty service and safety hazards
of that Red Line station manager. At a
May 3 hearing into a 2015 smoke incident
that killed one rider and sickened dozens,
a National Transportation Safety Board
member studied a litany of equipment
malfunctions and operator mistakes and
declared that Metro has “a severe learning
disability.” Ask Wiedefeld what keeps him
up at night, and he replies, “What hour?”
A BALTIMORE NATIVE from a blue collar
family, Wiedefeld now makes $397,500
running Metro. He’s “one of the most ca-
pable and efective leaders with whom
I’ve ever worked,” says former Maryland
governor Martin O’Malley, who hired
him in 2007 to run the state’s transpor-
tation authority. Wiedefeld served two
stints as the CEO of Baltimore Wash-
ington International Airport, where he
boosted international traic, built a new
terminal that serves as a hub for South-
west Airlines and distinguished himself
as a hands-on manager. “I am a bit of a
taskmaster,” he says.
So far the new boss has won accolades
is still in the grace period before the
incoming executive can be blamed for
not solving the problems he inherited.
And Wiedefeld knows that goodwill
can quickly evaporate once he starts
disrupting the commutes of hundreds of
thousands of people per day. “This is 30
years in the making,” he says. “People’s
patience is gone.”
At the heart of the challenge is an
equation that nobody has solved: how
to balance complex variables like safety
and convenience, and economics and
eiciency, all while convincing politicians
with more immediate priorities that they
should forgo popular programs to invest
in the unsexy realm of infrastructure.
“They are always going to go back to their
self-interest,” Wiedefeld says.
That goes for his employees as well.
On a drizzly May morning, Wiedefeld
summoned some 650 senior managers
Z A C H G I B S O N — T H E N E W YO R K T I M E S/ R E D U X
for a state-of-the-organization meeting
at a concert hall in suburban Maryland.
It was the irst such gathering in Metro’s
40-year history, and one of the irst orders
of business was explaining to the staf why
he had written a memo warning that they
could all be ired. “I’m certain many of
you thought, What a jerk,” Wiedefeld said.
Which may be what Metro needs. □
Ingenuity keeps her city’s power on and conquers
his fear of the dark.
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and happy. A 5-year-old needs his nightlight to keep the monsters away. For them and millions of other
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 Wolfe, left, and
Glover are once
again Tony
nominees, this
time for their work
on Shule Along
 Theater

A SMILE FLASHES ACROSS GEORGE C. WOLFE’S

face as he makes a rather startling admission. He
hasn’t yet seen Hamilton, the megahit musical
that has rewritten Broadway history, nabbed
a record 16 Tony nominations and is sold out
until somewhere near the end of the Trump
Administration. “I’ve been working,” he says
simply. “I literally haven’t had a chance to see it.”
Excuse accepted. For the past few months
Wolfe has been racing to inish his own
Broadway musical—titled, not so simply, Shule
Along, or The Making of the Musical Sensation
of 1921 and All That Followed. The show opened
at the Music Box Theater on the last day of the
Broadway season, drawing mostly enthusiastic
reviews and garnering an impressive 10 Tony
nominations of its own. In another season,
Shule Along might be looking ahead to a Tony
sweep. In the year of Hamilton, Wolfe and his
creative team are most likely doomed to spend
awards night chained to their seats, applauding
repeatedly for a hip-hop Founding Father.
But Broadway’s snazziest also-ran has made
theatrical history too. Hamilton is a breakthrough
show that has been hailed for opening new

PHOTOGR APH BY PETER HAPAK FOR TIME

vistas for the musical. Shule Along looks
backward rather than forward but makes
an equally important statement about
where Broadway has been and where
it’s going. It’s partly a revival and partly
a backstage drama, revolving around a
nearly forgotten 1921 musical, one of the
irst all-black shows to become a hit with
mainstream Broadway audiences. Shule
Along ran for about 500 performances and
went on to tour extensively, providing a
launching pad for such future stars as
Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson and
integrating Broadway audiences in a way
no other show had before. Despite that
pedigree, almost no one remembers it.
Yet Wolfe, who conceived, wrote
and directed the show, has done more
than just excavate a forgotten chapter
in American theater history. His show
links that history with the amazingly
vital contribution that African-American
artists have made on the contemporary
Broadway scene. Along with Wolfe—
the acclaimed director of such shows as
Angels in America, Jelly’s Last Jam and
Caroline, or Change—Shule Along has
been choreographed by Savion Glover,
the avatar of tap-dancing greats like
Charles “Honi” Coles, Bill “Bojangles”
Robinson and the Nicholas Brothers. He
was also Wolfe’s collaborator on the 1996
hit Bring in ’Da Noise, Bring in ’Da Funk,
which won four Tony Awards itself.
The cast is an all-star team whose
stage credits are a virtual survey course
in the role African Americans have had
in keeping the Broadway musical alive
and strutting over the past couple of
decades: Audra McDonald (a six-time
Tony winner, for shows ranging from
Carousel to Porgy and Bess), Brian Stokes
Mitchell (the original Coalhouse Walker
in Ragtime), Billy Porter (Kinky Boots),
Brandon Victor Dixon (The Color Purple)
and Joshua Henry (The Scottsboro Boys),
along with one awesomely talented
(and Tony-nominated) newcomer,
Adrienne Warren. While Hollywood has
been under ire lately for the dearth of
movie roles and recognition for black
actors (for two straight years, not a
single Oscar nomination has gone to an
actor of color), Broadway has become a
model of diversity. Among the 40 actors
nominated for Tony Awards this year,
no fewer than 14 are black, Hispanic or
Asian American.
44 TIME May 23, 2016
△ into the project, he says, though he had
As Eubie Blake and Lottie Gee,
Dixon and McDonald generate
sparks both musical and romantic
SHUFFLE ALONG IS an extravagantly
entertaining show, packed with vintage
Eubie Blake tunes (including one
familiar standard, “I’m Just Wild About
Harry”), overflowing with Glover’s
vibrant tap-dance production numbers
and dense with theater lore about the
making of Shule Along and the people
behind it. Much of that history is merely
narrated by the actors onstage rather
than dramatized, which gives the show a
somewhat pedantic tone at times. But no
more so than in Hamilton, which makes
its lesson in American history palatable
by encasing it in Lin-Manuel Miranda’s
hip-hop lyrics and rhythms. Shule Along
accomplishes the same thing by means
of Glover’s ebullient, galvanizing (and
LOUD, thanks to mikes on the stage loor)
dance numbers, like the scintillating
“Pennsylvania Graveyard Shule,” with
its suitcase-toting ensemble hooing its
way through a grueling small-town tour
before the Broadway opening.
Wolfe, an elin, soft-spoken theatrical
polymath (he began his career as a
playwright and was the artistic director of
New York City’s downtown Public Theater
for more than a decade), is talking about
the show while nibbling at a fruit salad
one recent morning, just before one of
the last preview performances. He knew
little about Shule Along before launching
come across references to it for years. “I
would read something about Josephine
Baker, and Shule Along would pop up,”
he says. “I’d read something about Paul
Robeson, and Shule Along would pop
up. There were, like, these bread crumbs
that were being dropped. Gilbert Seldes
writes about it in The Seven Lively Arts.
Langston Hughes went to Columbia
University so he could see Shule Along.
All these people either connected to it or
saw it and celebrated it, and its invisibility
became very fascinating to me.”
As he researched further, Wolfe
discovered that the show was a pioneer
in numerous ways. It was the irst
Broadway musical to prominently feature
syncopated jazz music. (Blake not only
wrote the songs but also played piano in
the orchestra and, with his partner and
lyricist Noble Sissle, performed onstage.)
It boasted Broadway’s irst chorus of
female dancers—previously such chorus
lines merely sang and looked pretty.
And it was the irst show to feature a
serious love afair between a black couple
onstage; traditionally, romances of color
were relegated to comic relief.
WHAT WASN’T WORKABLE for a modern
audience, Wolfe decided, was the show’s
original book—a patchy story about a
local political race, which is used mainly
as a pretext for the musical numbers
and vaudeville-style comedy bits. (Two
short-lived Broadway revivals of Shule
Along, in 1933 and 1952, reworked the

M AWAKENIN
book extensively.) “It’s like a lot of 1920s
musicals before Show Boat,” says Wolfe,
“a mishmash of everything that’s come
before: vaudeville meets operetta meets
burlesque.” He wound up junking the
book entirely and instead wrote a musical
about a musical. “The people who made
the show became as fascinating to me as
the characters they created,” he says.
Chief among them were the show’s two
producers, F.E. Miller and Aubrey Lyles,
who also worked together as a vaudeville
team, often performing in blackface (in
the days when even black performers
darkened up with cork). But the character
who intrigued Wolfe the most—possibly
because he had landed McDonald for the
part—was the show’s leading lady, Lottie
Gee. After struggling on the vaudeville
circuit for years, she got the role in her
mid-30s, and it made her a star. But she
was eventually overshadowed by another
singer who joined the cast, Florence Mills.
Gee’s career loundered after that. “I
became fascinated by this woman who
was at the peak of her power,” says Wolfe,
“but was born at the wrong time.”
WOLFE’S PASSION for his historical
S H U F F L E A L O N G : J U L I E TA C E R VA N T E S; W A I T R E S S : J O A N M A R C U S; D E A R E VA N H A N S E N : M AT T H E W M U R P H Y; A M E R I C A N P S YC H O : J E R E M Y D A N I E L
mission rubbed of on the whole creative
team. “Sadly to say, I had never heard
about Shule Along or these great
contributors,” says Glover, who is
choreographing his irst Broadway show
since Noise/Funk. “I was surprised at all
the show’s breakthroughs.” He studied
up by listening to old recordings (no
ilm footage of the original show exists)
and drawing on his proliic knowledge
of dance styles of the era. Mitchell, who
plays Miller, read through 250 pages of
his poems, sketches and other writings
in an efort to scope out the man. “We
were doing a kind of forensic acting,”
he says, “looking for these characters,
having to interpolate from what we had
read to what really happened. We would
rehearse a minute-and-a-half scene and
then have an hour-and-a-half discussion
about it.” Jamming all that history into
one evening of theater proved a challenge.
In early previews, the show ran more than
three hours. Scenes and musical numbers
were cut and added almost daily. An
elaborate dream ballet was excised early
on. A sequence involving Josephine Baker
was also left on the cutting-room loor.
Mitchell originally had a solo tap-dance
OR
E SPRING
Three more standouts in this
season’s crop of new musicals:
Waitress
A country-flavored pop score
by Sara Bareilles shines
brightest in this adaptation of
the 2007 indie ilm. The story
of a pie-making waitress with
marriage problems has more
sugar than a heaping slice
of Dutch apple.
Dear Evan Hansen
A misit teenager becomes
an accidental Internet
star after the suicide of
a classmate. Touching,
psychologically nuanced
and hip to the way kids and
parents actually relate, this
off-Broadway musical could
be a future Broadway hit.
American Psycho
In this musical take on
the 1991 novel about a
Wall Streeter who hacks
up people for sport,
Benjamin Walker is creepily
charismatic as Patrick
Bateman, Duncan Sheik’s
jagged rock score matches
the mood, and Rupert
Goold’s visually arresting
staging almost makes you
forget what a nutty idea it is.
GS
number toward the end of the show, in
which his character has a near breakdown
when his partner Lyles announces that
he is splitting up the team and moving
to Africa. After weeks of tinkering, that
number was cut too. (Glover has a video
record of all the outtakes. “Someday I
may do something with it,” he says.)
But the inished show, trimmed down
to a relatively sleek 2 hr. 40 min., stands
as a major work of reconstruction and
tribute. The irst act has an upbeat, let’s-
put-on-a-show vibe as the producers
struggle to raise money and battle
Broadway’s racist barriers, before inally
booking the show at an out-of-the-way
theater without an orchestra pit on
West 63rd Street. The second act turns
darker and more ambiguous, as the
songwriters and producers have a falling-
out over royalties, a love afair between
Blake and Gee goes sour, and the show’s
legacy seems increasingly imperiled—a
denouement neatly encapsulated in
the astringent climactic number, “They
Won’t Remember You!”
“What the show is ultimately about
to me is that everybody wants to be
remembered,” says Wolfe. “Remembered
for having done something that mattered.
I was deeply afected by the idea that
these people, the best part of them, made
something glorious, and none of them
were able to duplicate that success ever
again. I found that very moving. And I
found it even more moving that nobody
has memorialized their success.”
“When I was younger I wouldn’t have
thought about telling this story this way,”
adds Wolfe, 61. “But now that I’m older,
I think about these things. I think about
the friends who I lost to AIDS—who’s
remembering their stories? You walk
past statues in New York City and you
just go, Who are these people? I used
to work for an archive of black cultural
history. I would ile all these articles for
them. And somebody that was signiicant
in 1963 was invisible by 1975. I found all
that incredibly moving. All the joy and the
strength and the heart it takes to make
something—if you’re lucky, it reaches an
audience and people celebrate it. And
then it’s theater, and it’s gone.”
Shuffle Along is exciting theater—
high-spirited and sober-minded at the
same time—but if the Broadway gods are
smiling, it won’t be gone anytime soon. □
45
All trademarks are owned by Frito-Lay North America, Inc. ©2016
 ‘A SQUABBLING GAGGLE OF BLIND MEN, EACH SHAKING A FIST AT A DIFFERENT PART OF THE ELEPHANT.’ —PAGE 52
Jon Snow is alive, but will he get a story worth living for?
TELEVISION GAME OF THRONES BOASTS THE MOST
eclectic ensemble on TV—but every-
A risk-averse, one knows Jon Snow is the star. Made
aging Game endearing with a troubled backstory,
elevated to heroism by his moral com-
of Thrones pass and blessed with actor Kit Har-
ington’s waterfall of dark tresses, Jon is
couldn’t let the closest thing HBO’s Sunday night
has to a matinee idol.
its heroic star That is, until he was. And now he
rest in peace is again. Killed by a Caesar-like lurry
of stab wounds in the ifth-season
By Daniel D’Addario inale, Jon was resurrected a mere two
episodes into the new season thanks to
a magic spell. And though Melisandre,
the priestess who brought him back,
was shocked by Jon’s reanimated
status, few at home were.
Some of it was this show’s long-
standing embrace of magic. Some of it
was that in a world of paparazzi zoom
HBO
lenses and social media, Harington’s
presence at Thrones shooting locations
couldn’t stay secret for long, and his
own protestations—that Jon was
really dead and never coming back!—
couldn’t help but seem hollow. But
nearly a year’s worth of fan certainty
that the late commander of the Night’s
Watch would return seemed in large
part governed by the sense that no
character fans loved so ardently could
actually die.
Sure, earlier seasons of the show
featured shocking and decisive
ends for beloved characters, from
protagonist Ned Stark’s beheading
in Season 1 to the high-body-count
“Red Wedding” of Season 3. But Game
of Thrones’ increased dithering over
what to do with its characters relects
this era of pop-culture Tinker Bells—
47
Time Of Television

as long as we clap hard enough, they’ll eager to give fans what they want, has REVIEW
keep coming back.
At the movies, Marvel’s never-
been dragging its feet about winding
its story down, adding to its minor-
Bamford’s
ending superhero franchise thrives character body count and its list of re- Dynamite is a
on creating threatening situations for
characters we know are under contract
petitive incidents even as its plots seem
to demand some closure. Endless re-
wild ride
for the next one. (Clark Gregg’s versals keep the plot humming at the MARIA BAMFORD IS YOUR
Agent Coulson, who died in 2012’s expense of sense, and perhaps viewer favorite comedian’s favor-
The Avengers, now headlines ABC’s patience. ite comedian, so unafraid of
Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.) And in The Red Wedding, today, feels as if it going into wild absurdism in
The Walking Dead’s most recent season, happened on a diferent show, one less search of jokes that she some-
fan favorite Glenn, believed devoured concerned about stretching out plot and times seems not to be joking
by zombies, was revealed to be alive avoiding endings. After more than half at all. On the new Netlix se-
thanks to an implausible escape. a decade on the air, Game of Thrones is ries Lady Dynamite, she plays
The season ended with an unseen no longer inclined to show an onscreen “Maria Bamford,” a woman
character getting bludgeoned; surely death as jarring, random and decisive as whose pasted-on smile
in the interim, the show’s writers will a death in real life. never fades. When Maria
igure out which of their characters are And so the show backed away. But improvises a rant about the
vulnerable and which are too popular there should have been some other way Holocaust-pondering phi-
to die. to depict Jon’s betrayal, if his death losopher Hannah Arendt at
Thrones fans were was to be reversed so a network sitcom gig, she is
well informed, and ‘I wasn’t ready to quickly. Why bring convinced she nailed it, yet
correctly so, about Jon’s say goodbye ... I death into the equation the room is wincing. It’s all
revival. But there was don’t mind the at all? It is, or should a matter of perspective, and
something more at be, diferent—life’s both real and ictitious Ma-
work than knowledge
idea of dying in deining traumatic rias bear uncalibrated social
of Harington’s real- this series. I just event, and one with compasses. Bamford has
life location and felt like his journey the power to reshape long joked about her real-life
Westeros’ rules. There wasn’t done.’ everyone it touches. struggles with bipolar and
was also a fair amount KIT HARINGTON, actor, to That Jon comes back obsessive-compulsive dis-
of magical thinking— Entertainment Weekly to life unchanged, but orders, and Dynamite does
and not the sort that for his new sense of more than depict her pain—it
Melisandre does. From the minute Jon resentment, is a missed opportunity for gives itself over to instability,
died, speculation about whether he the sort of seismic change that the best with jarring lows and zesty
was really gone made it clear that no TV isn’t afraid to take on. “I failed,” the highs. In our heroine’s ill-
character so widely loved by the fan resurrected Jon tells his friend Davos. advised quest for stardom,
base could be allowed to go away. “Good. Now go fail again,” the knight everyone she meets appears
replies. Recursiveness is the last thing to speak with similar over-
JON’S PRESENCE is especially welcome a show staggering toward its endgame exuberance. Looking only on
on a show that needs his sellessness needs. the bright side, she ends up
to balance just about every other char- In his irst hours newly alive, Jon is blind to reason. Seeing the
acter’s narcissism. If his absence could carrying out the show’s violent vision world through Bamford’s lens
have generated drama that transcended again. He executes those who conspired isn’t always easy, but that she
formula, we’ll never know. Lately, the against him, answering death with brings us along so assuredly
show has been investing a great deal of death. As a vengeful Jon strode away is worth applauding. —D.D.
narrative energy into tormenting and from the castle he’d commanded and
killing peripheral characters, while the into an uncertain future, one thing Bamford
stars stride along in bubbles of perpet- seemed clear: he’d be ine. craftily
ual safety. Death has become something One of his executed prisoners’ inal blows up the
that befalls only the insigniicant. If this words, before the gratuitously violent traditional
really is a game, someone we care about execution scene, still resonated. “You sitcom
is eventually going to have to lose. shouldn’t be alive,” the prisoner had
The only other characters as well said. “It’s not right!” Even those among
loved as Jon—the dragon mother the show’s legion of fans who consider
Daenerys and the clever dwarf Jon a favorite had to concede he made
Tyrion—have never died but have a good point. But, being a minor
lived through nonstop treacherous character, he died before he could say
events unscathed. Game of Thrones, so anything further. □
48 TIME May 23, 2016
 describing that twist, or
the fate of poor Martha, a
former FBI underling who’s
been banished to the USSR
after having fallen in love
with one of Philip’s aliases.
Because the show’s narrative
is rooted in many seasons’
worth of cumulative texture,
it’s becoming a walled
garden. What casual viewer
could ind their bearings in
this universe?
The Americans is the heir
to Mad Men—a drama that
uses its period to tell us about
today—but without all the
Best Drama Emmys. (Indeed,
Russell and it’s somehow never been
Rhys play spies nominated in that category.)
who can’t come Like its characters, it’s a
in from the cold victim of history, airing at a
time when the sheer volume
of TV tends to crowd out
REVIEW precisely-made shows. This
season’s most successful
In its best season yet, shows were either limited
The Americans races history series—with short runs and
huge narrative swings—or
By Daniel D’Addario Game of Thrones and The
Walking Dead, both of which
ELIZABETH JENNINGS IS FORCING HER HEADSTRONG thrive on spectacle.
daughter to spend more time with her pastor. “You can Although The Americans
control what you do!” she spits when her daughter tries to isn’t spectacle-free (it is,
get out of it. It seems a conventional punishment from a after all, about two masters
disciplinarian parent—except that the cause of the tension is of disguise seeking to bring
how thoroughly the teen reports to her parents on the pastor’s down the government), it is
behavior. After all, the reverend knows that Elizabeth and her more notable as part of an
husband are Soviet spies, and he could upend their lives. increasingly threatened tier
FX’s The Americans is packed with ironies like this one: of dramas. Its thrills arise
Elizabeth (Keri Russell), who despises religion, pushes from our relationships with
daughter Paige further into the church in order to protect its characters—relationships
her. In the show’s fourth season, each episode seems to bring that require real investment.
a new compromise, as the problems that Elizabeth and her The intimidating weight of
husband Philip (Matthew Rhys) had tried to avoid come to △ all that history could push
a head. Philip, growing distant, seeks redemption through Martha (Alison it to the bottom of the DVR
new-age beliefs; Elizabeth just gets angry. Wright), an FBI queue, or of an Emmy ballot.
But neither faith nor ferocious scrambling can save them secretary seduced But as Elizabeth says, you
L A DY DY N A M I T E : N E T F L I X ; T H E A M E R I C A N S : F X (2)

from the inevitable. We know their mission will fail. It’s 1983, by Philip, faces a can control what you do!
and the Cold War is in its last stage. The family’s attempts to tragic future This slow-blooming story
get ahead of history’s crushing weight aren’t applicable just to will be even more compelling
spies; global events can force hardship on anyone. on a tight timeline. The irst
The Americans has, this season, built on its past by turn- three seasons are available
ing mercenary: one character, a vexed triple agent who had to stream on Amazon before
dreamed of unlikely rescue, was sentenced to death and, mo- this one ends on June 8.
ments later, received it. The punishment was breathtaking, not Watch them—it’s a race
least because it so conclusively ended a slow-moving plotline. against the clock that’s worth
It’s easy for a fan of this show to get carried away in running. □
49
Time Of Books

FICTION

The writer Geof Dyer inds

trouble in paradise
GEOFF DYER IS OFTEN BORED; IN FACT HE’S SURPASSINGLY
eloquent on the subject of his own boredom. He’s bored
following the footsteps of Paul Gauguin in Polynesia. He’s
bored amid the splendors of Beijing’s Forbidden City: “Jeez,
it went on forever, and every bit looked exactly the same as
every other bit.” He’s beyond bored in the remote Norwegian HISTORY
town of Longyearbyen, where he’s gone in search of the
northern lights: “It was like a lifetime of disappointment
Putting pen
compressed into less than a week, which actually felt like it to paper
had lasted the best—in the sense of worst—part of a lifetime.”
His zealous frankness about his boredom is, ironically, IT’S O.K. IF YOU’RE READING
one of the things that makes Dyer this on a screen. The medium
himself never boring. As you read you matters less than expected
actually catch yourself thinking, If only for a book called Paper, ac-
Geof Dyer had a Geof Dyer to describe cording to Mark Kurlansky,
this to him, he wouldn’t be so bored. master of the mononymous
Unfortunately for him, there’s no other title (Cod, Salt).
writer quite like him. In popular legend, paper
Dyer’s oeuvre sprawls languorously was invented in 105 C.E.
across several genres, including novels, by Cai Lun, a eunuch in
personal essays and criticism. His the Chinese court, and
new book, White Sands, subtitled over the next 2,000 years
Experiences From the Outside World, is spread ideas and changed
a collection of his travel writing, though the world, thanks largely to
the real thread that runs through it is Gutenberg. Kurlansky says
painful honesty. For example, he leaves that’s all wrong—and not just
his biography of Gauguin on the plane because paper predates Cai
to Polynesia. He is, as a result, not Lun. That inventions create
overburdened with knowledge about social change is what he calls
Gauguin, nor with respect for him—he a “technological fallacy.” In
notes Gauguin’s fondness for painting his view, the world changes
“Tahitian babes who were young and irst and tools stick if they
sexy and ate fruit and looked like they meet its new needs. Same
were always happy to go to bed with goes for the digital tools of a
a syphilitic old lech whose legs were potentially paperless age.
covered in weeping eczema.” Dyer has Kurlansky argues
a marvelous way of bringing foreign convincingly that his subject
metaphors into unexpected places, like the seeds of invader △ gets too much credit, at
DYER STRAITS
species clinging to his boots, as in his description of a squat Dyer makes pilgrimages to the risk of diminishing his
Tahitian idol “as rooted to the spot as a Bulgarian weight- several almost unvisitable book. Luckily for readers, it’s
lifter about to attempt a record-breaking clean and jerk.” sites of land art, including littered with amazing facts,
The Lightning Field, a grid of
Not much happens to Dyer; probably the most dramatic 400 lightning rods on a high
like why early paper mills
moments in White Sands are his attempt at dogsledding (he plain in New Mexico smelled bad (urine was a key
falls of), an attempted hookup with his Forbidden City guide ingredient) and how Japan
(no spoilers) and, in the title essay, his acquisition of a sinister tried in 1944 to attack the
DY E R : V I V I E N K I L L I L E A — G E T T Y I M A G E S

hitchhiker in New Mexico (ditto). The real action is in the U.S. with bombs carried by
lively intercourse between Dyer’s mind and the outside world. paper balloons. Kurlansky’s is
“‘Polynesia’ translates as ‘many islands,’” he writes, “all of one of a few recent histories
which you wish you were on instead of the one you actually of paper, including The Paper
are on.” An essential part of travel is the inevitable sense that Trail by Alexander Monro.
wherever you’ve gotten to isn’t quite what you hoped it would Is this because it feels like
be—just as you yourself are never, not completely, the traveler paper’s page is turning?
you thought you would be. —LEV GROSSMAN —LILY ROTHMAN
50 TIME May 23, 2016
haveKINDLE willTRAVEL
CUSCO, PERU HIRAM BINGHAM, INCA L AND @ AMAZONKINDLE
Time Of Movies

Why Money
Monster will make
you mad as hell
By Stephanie Zacharek

AS CITIZENS, VOTERS AND MOVIEGOERS,

Americans are a fractured group these days—a
squabbling gaggle of blind men, each shaking
a ist at a diferent part of the elephant. Movies,
particularly big Hollywood ones, aren’t nimble
enough to keep up with the quicksilver shifts in
the national mood. The pictures we’re seeing today
may have germinated for months, if not years.
That’s why it’s a small miracle that Jodie Foster’s
superb thriller Money Monster is hitting theaters
now. It’s a movie of the moment: an expertly
made state-of-the-nation popcorn lick that also
underscores just how little most of us know about
the behind-the-scenes shell games of the banking
and inance industries, with our money as the
disappearing nugget. If you could pour the nation’s
collective inancial anxiety into one vessel, it
would coagulate into Money Monster.
George Clooney is Lee Gates, the dazzling,
doublespeaking host of a live inancial-advice
show that puts more stock in style than substance
(sort of like Jim Cramer’s Mad Money but with
women in hot pants). Lee often goes of script, a
recurring headache for the producer, Patty Fenn
(Julia Roberts). When she sees a delivery guy
lurking near the set just as the show goes on air,
she thinks Lee is pulling another stunt. But then he
bounds into camera range and, at gunpoint, forces
Lee into a vest laced with explosives. On camera, △ industry tells you what it thinks you want to hear.
he rattles of a list of grievances capped with a O’Connell and Money Monster is both subtler and bolder than
demand that Lee fork over $800 million. Clooney in Money the trailer makes it look. Like the provocative
The intruder is a desperate working guy from Monster, a rare classics Dog Day Afternoon and Network, this is
Queens, Kyle Budwell (Jack O’Connell), who lost popcorn lick discomiting entertainment—its edges are serrated,
his inheritance after acting on a stock tip that with edges sharp sharp enough to cut. The camera moves to just the
Lee doesn’t even remember giving. Kyle doesn’t enough to cut right place every minute, and the editing is crisp.
want that $800 million for himself: the loot is the deeply Moments of nearly unbearable tension are broken
cumulative amount lost by Ibis Clear Capital—a by bursts of energy and even humor.
shadowy irm run by Dominic West’s Walt Foster navigates the tonal shifts with ease, and
Camby—as the result of what alleged experts like her actors follow. Clooney is almost too adept
Lee will only call a “glitch.” The word is repeated at lashing that snow-job showbiz smile, but he
over and over in news reports, as if it were a viable changes course seamlessly, making us believe in
explanation for what happened. Foster pastes Lee as a man who discovers he has a tiny sliver of
those sound clips into a punk noise collage, kicking a conscience after all. Roberts doesn’t get much
back at the term’s meaninglessness. screen time, but we hear her voice, a lot, through
Lee’s earphone. When Kyle irst takes charge,
IF YOU’VE SEEN THE TRAILER for Money Monster, pacing and sputtering like a tiger in a zoo ready to
you probably think you know how it all plays out, burst out of its skin, Patty urges Lee, “Just keep
though deep down you probably also know that breathing,” her voice cottony and soothing. She
the Hollywood marketing machine sells you the may as well be talking us down too.
movie it thinks you want to see, just as the inance But O’Connell’s face is the key to Money Monster.
52 TIME May 23, 2016

He gave a inely wrought performance in Angelina
Jolie’s otherwise patchy Unbroken. Here he
stretches even further. When Kyle tells Lee, and
everyone else watching at home, “They’re stealing
everything from us, and nobody’s asking how,”
his anguish rolls out in waves, the sound of year
after year of just getting by. In the most wrenching
scene—one that may be almost unbearable to watch
if you’ve ever fought bitterly with a partner over
money—a person he’s let down berates him
with escalating, horrifying vitriol. Despair
and shame cross his face like an eclipse
snuing out the glow of the moon.
You could call misguided (but hardly
crazy) Kyle a Marxist-terrorist Robin Hood, a
symbol of our collective rage at people who play
with our money as if it were nothing. But symbols
in movies are mostly sodden things that have little
S O N Y P I C T U R E S (2)
to do with how we actually live. O’Connell ofers
something else. His face is like a folk ballad, illed
with the promise of life—but also with the shadows
of everything that’s been snatched away.
QUICK TALK
Jodie Foster
The two-time Oscar winner discusses her
latest outing as a director, Money
Monster, a thriller in which a disgruntled
investor takes a inancial-TV host hostage.
Do you see hostage taker Kyle as an
everyman, standing in for Americans
who feel screwed by the recession?
Deinitely. He starts of threatening,
illed with righteous rage. Yet you see
ON GEORGE simple things you completely relate to.
CLOONEY
AND JULIA It’s not a clean heroes-vs.-villains
ROBERTS
narrative. It isn’t. And yet when you
‘The sparkle is get to what really happened, [it’s] pretty
undeniable. It’s
almost better
simple. Somebody abused the system
now that they’re out of greed. And that’s all Kyle was
older, because it looking for: moral vindication. It’s not
is really a like he was saying, Give me money. He
brother-sister was saying, Give me dignity.
thing. It’s not
confused with His rhetoric about the system being
sexuality.’
rigged sounds a lot like that of Bernie
Sanders. We wrote it irst! But listen,
it’s a dialogue that’s out there. The ilm
is equal parts cynicism and hope. Leav-
ing the theater you could have some
interesting political conversations. But
I don’t see it as a political ilm. The best
way to get people engaged is to create
characters that are emotional and full.
Why focus on directing now?
Foster’s new Probably because my kids are older.
ilm mines the They don’t need me to be as present as
aftermath of the before—in fact, they need more space. I
recession only directed three movies in almost 20
▽ years, and I sort of regret that because
there’s so much I want to say, but I had
a hard time juggling my acting life, my
family life and the directing.
A lot of women say meaty roles
dwindle after a certain age. What’s
your stance on that? Well, that’s
just true. I think people are
inherently more interested in
a younger person’s story. But
I’m excited about having a
diferent kind of career as an
actor now. I’m excited about
being 60 or 70 and not ighting
the expectation of carrying the
movie or looking glamorous. It’ll
be nice to really do the work.
□ —ELIZA BERMAN
©2008-2015 The Skin Cancer Foundation Campaign created in cooperation with Laughlin Constable, laughlin.com
 Time Of Movies
Weisz and Farrell on the path to true love—maybe—in The Lobster
REVIEW
When love is the law of the land,
singletons revolt in The Lobster
WE ALL KNOW THAT PAIRING
of with another human being
ofers great beneits, not
just to individuals but to the
world at large. Married men
live longer, married women
have better inancial security.
Everyone is happier, healthier
and more productive. But
who needs society, or anyone
else, telling us what to do
when it comes to love? In
T H E L O B S T E R : A 24; B L A C K : E P I X ; M A G G I E ’ S P L A N : S O N Y P I C T U R E S C L A S S I C S
his absurdist romantic
tragicomedy The Lobster,
Greek director Yorgos
Lanthimos—best known for
his twisted 2009 art-house
hit, Dogtooth—takes on the
tyranny of coupledom as the
most desirable state.
Colin Farrell plays a man
nearing middle age who sud-
denly inds himself single.
That wouldn’t be so bad if
he didn’t live in a society in
which loners are shipped
of to a country hotel, where
they must ind a suitable
mate in 45 days—or else be
turned into the animal of
their choice (in Farrell’s case,
a lobster) and released into
the Woods, never to return to
the City, where the civilized,
coupled-of humans live.
Farrell has another choice,
though that one—involving
an adventurous loner played
by Rachel Weisz, part of a
colony of militant singletons
led by an amusingly tyranni-
cal Léa Seydoux—has even
thornier complications. Ada-
mant unconventionality, it
‘Depending,
culturally, on where
you’re coming from,
being alone has a
certain stigma to it.’
COLIN FARRELL, discussing
The Lobster at the 2015
Cannes Film Festival
turns out, demands just an-
other kind of itting in.
The Lobster is a droll piece
of work lashed with grim
humor. For every moment
that makes you laugh, there
may be another that leaves
you with your mouth hanging
open. But Lanthimos poses
some crazily poetic questions
in The Lobster, particularly
about what it means to ally
yourself with another person.
How much of yourself do you
give up? What must you hold
on to at all costs? And can you
ever be sure you’re not mak-
ing the other person it just so
you won’t be alone?
Somehow, it works, thanks
largely to Farrell. Those cater-
pillar eyebrows of anxiety
signal just about everything
we need to know. Without
a word, they sum up what
we talk about when we talk
about love.
—STEPHANIE ZACHAREK
TIME
PICKS
MUSIC
Alicia Keys, whose
sixth album is due out
later this year, has
released the single
“In Common,” a Latin-
infused dance-floor jam
that departs from her
R&B roots in favor of a
poppier sound.
△
TELEVISION
In the Epix stand-up
special Michael
Ian Black: Noted
Expert (May 13),
the observational
comic inds humor in
everything from gender
roles to carnival rides.
BOOKS
In her novel LaRose,
National Book Award
winner Louise Erdrich
tells the story of two
North Dakotan Ojibwe
families who ind
consolation in tradition
after the loss of a child.
▽
MOVIES
In the romantic
comedy Maggie’s Plan
(May 20), a young
single woman (Greta
Gerwig) decides to have
a child on her own and
then falls in love with
a married man (Ethan
Hawke), touching off a
tangled love story.
Time Of Food
Entrée the bowl
By Mandy Oaklander
THE BOWL HAS LONG BEEN
a literal side dish to main
plates, illed with foods
that aren’t quite marquee
events. But the popular-
ity of the burrito bowl has
given rise to a new era of
circular entrées, with whole
meals of protein, grains and
vegetables, bound by broth
or a sauce, tidily cradled in
one vessel.
“A bowl lends itself to
this style of clean but really
substantial and satisfying
eating,” says Lukas Volger,
author of the new vegetar-
ian cookbook Bowl (recipes
below). Another bonus:
fewer dishes to wash.
SPRING BIBIMBAP
Serves 4
2 bunches Swiss chard
½ cucumber
1 medium carrot, peeled
6 small radishes
1 tbsp. sugar
¾ tsp. sea salt
2 tsp. rice vinegar
1 tbsp. neutral-tasting oil, such
as grape seed or canola
1 tsp. toasted-sesame oil
1 tbsp. toasted sesame seeds
5 cups cooked brown or white
rice
Two 2-in. squares toasted nori
2 cups chopped bok choy
1 avocado, peeled and sliced
Kimchi and sriracha, for serving
Trim stems from the Swiss
chard. Tear leaves into bite-size
pieces and set aside. Slice half
of the stems into 2-in. lengths,
then into matchsticks. Transfer
to a medium bowl.
Slice the cucumber into rounds,
then stack and slice into
matchsticks. Slice the carrot
and radishes into thin rounds.
Add the vegetables to the bowl
with the chard stems. Toss with
the sugar and salt and let stand
for 20 min. Use a paper towel
to blot dry, then toss with the
rice vinegar.
Place a skillet over medium
heat and add the neutral oil.
With tongs, add the Swiss-chard
leaves and cook down. Add a big
pinch of salt and cook, stirring
frequently, for 3 to 5 min., until
wilted. Remove from heat and
gently press the greens to one
side of the pan; pour off any
extracted liquid. Combine the
chard in a bowl with the sesame
oil and sesame seeds. Wipe out
the skillet.
Wave the nori squares over the
flame of a gas burner a few
times, until the corners curl and
turn crisp. Crumble with your
ingers.
Scoop out rice and divide it
among four bowls. Top with the
chard, kimchi and avocado, then
add the pickled vegetables.
Garnish with nori and serve.
VEGETARIAN PHO BROTH
Makes 3 qt.
1 large onion, quartered
2 oz. fresh ginger
2 tbsp. peanut oil
2 medium leeks, coarsely
chopped
2 large carrots, coarsely
chopped
1 medium daikon radish, peeled
and coarsely chopped
10 garlic cloves, peeled
1 stalk fresh lemongrass,
smashed and coarsely chopped
3 whole star anise
3 whole cloves
2 cinnamon sticks
½ tsp. fennel seeds
5 dried shiitake mushrooms
Small handful of cilantro stems
Preheat the broiler. Arrange the
onions and ginger on a foil-lined
baking sheet and broil until
charred all over, flipping them
with tongs as needed.
Heat the oil in a stockpot over
medium-high heat. Once it’s hot,
◁
VEGGING OUT
Make a meal of pho,
a Vietnamese soup,
by adding peas,
spring onions and
baby bok choy to the
broth recipe below
add the leeks, carrots, daikon,
garlic, lemongrass, star anise,
cloves, cinnamon and fennel
seeds. Stir to coat in the oil,
then cover and cook for 5 min.,
until fragrant. Coarsely chop
the charred ginger, then add it,
the onions and the mushrooms
to the pot and cover with cold
water (about 4 qt.). Bring to a
boil, then reduce to a gentle
simmer and cook for 1 hr.,
after which the broth should
be strongly flavored. Add the
cilantro stems and cook for an
additional 5 min.
Strain the broth through a
cheesecloth-lined sieve, in
batches as necessary. Season
with salt and sugar and serve,
M I C H A E L H A R L A N T U R K E L L— H O U G H T O N M I F F L I N H A R C O U R T
or pour the hot broth over
individual bowls of cooked
medium-width rice noodles,
steamed bok choy, blanched
peas, caramelized onions and
thinly sliced chilies. Top with
fresh herbs and serve with
lime wedges.
To store leftover broth, cool
completely and pack in
containers. Keep in the fridge
for up to 1 day or in the freezer
for up to 2 months.
 BREAKFAST. BRUNCH.
LUNCH. LINNER. DINNER.

Almond Butter & Pear Sandwich

with Original Veggie Sausage Patty
Serving Size = 1 Sandwich

There are millions of ways to eat more veggies. And whether

you’re digging in because it’s better for you or for the Earth,
any way you veg is the right way. Find a new favorite dish at
MorningStarFarms.com. #WayToVeg
Time Of PopChart

Dana Carvey revived

his Church Lady
character on SNL for the
irst time since 2011.

Disney found its young Han Solo

for an upcoming Star Wars spin-
off: actor Alden Ehrenreich.
Scientists discovered a new species of glow-
in-the-dark jellyfish while exploring the deep
waters of the Mariana Trench (via a probe).

Adele stopped her concert

in Denmark to praise
Beyoncé’s Lemonade:
As part of a charity
‘How is it even event, Krispy Kreme
U.K. will sell Nutella-
possible that she filled doughnuts

JELLYFISH , N AIL PO LISH : YO UTUBE; FRIED CH ICKEN , H IPPO PO TAM US: ALAM Y; BIEBER: INSTAGRAM; DEER: AP ; BEER: B UDW EISER (2)
only ever gets from a vending
machine in London.
better? How is that
possible? She is Justin Timberlake dropped his first
Jesus f-cking Christ.’ solo single in almost three years;

CARVEY: N BC/ G ETTY IM AG ES; AD ELE, EH REN REICH : G ETTY I MAGES; HAN SOL O: EVERET T; KRI SPY KR EM E;
it’s called “Can’t Stop the Feeling!”

LOVE IT
TIME’S WEEKLY TAKE ON WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE
LEAVE IT

KFC debuted a line of

“Finger Lickin’ Good”
A deer got its head edible nail polish—that
stuck in a light tastes like chicken.
globe in a suburb
of New York City;
it was eventually
freed by a state
oficial.

A hippopotamus
caused a traffic jam
Budweiser is in southern Spain by
oficially renaming meandering through
its beer America a busy street after
until Election Day. escaping from a circus.

Instagram’s newly minted most liked

photo of all time is an old, grainy image
of Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez,
posted by Bieber; it’s got more than
3.6 million likes.

1 TIM By Daniel D’Addario, Cady Lang and Megan McCluskey

 Essay The Awesome Column
We have become an
idiocracy. And it only took
two and a half centuries
By Joel Stein
EIGHT YEARS AGO, WITH THE PUBLICATION OF SUSAN
Jacoby’s The Age of American Unreason, our country had a de-
bate about whether its citizens were becoming less intelligent.
This year, we had a debate about how big Donald Trump’s penis
is. While we have not resolved the latter, we have answered the
former. Former means irst, and latter means second.
Two years before Jacoby’s book came out, Mike Judge set
his sci-i comedy Idiocracy 500 years in the future, when Pres-
ident Dwayne Elizondo Mountain Dew Herbert Camacho, a
former champion professional wrestler, peppers his speeches
with curses. Trump, who is in the World Wrestling Entertain-
ment Hall of Fame, has used a curse or two when a facial ex-
pression could not fully convey his policy points. He has also
used his candidacy to hawk products with his name far more
efectively than Camacho did with Mountain Dew.
NEARLY EVERYTHING PREDICTED in Idiocracy has come true,
and more. In the movie, the language is so coarsened, there
are curses on billboards; the ones for this year’s MTV Movie
Awards read F-CK THE TUX. As predicted, words are being
replaced by pictograms. Kids are having birthday parties at
Hooters; in the movie they have them at an overtly sexualized
version of Fuddruckers called Buttf-ckers. Back in 2006, TIME
would never have let me print Buttf-ckers. In the Idiocracy-est
moment of the whole 2016 campaign, a Trump supporter who
shoved a black protester in the face explained his candidate-
selection process to a reporter on MSNBC, Ali Vitali, thusly:
“He’s no-bullsh-t. All balls. F-ck you, all balls. That’s what I’m
about.” Though George Washington never said those exact
words, he would have certainly killed a man for saying them.
I called the people who made Idiocracy to see how they so ac-
curately predicted the future. “I’m no prophet,” Judge told me.
“I was of by 490 years.” He too is shocked at how eerily simi-
lar the world has become to the one his movie depicted. He and
Idiocracy co-writer Etan Cohen have been working on fake cam-
paign ads for Camacho to be used as anti-Trump web videos,
but they’re having a hard time. “Our jokes would be like, ‘I’m
going to build a wall around the earth.’ They were only incre-
I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E
mentally stupider,” says Cohen. “Writing Idiocracy was just fol-
lowing your id. Now unfortunately our id has become our can-
didate for President.” The danger here is clear: we will no longer
be able to have comedies with hilarious dumb characters.
Terry Crews, who played President Camacho, has been
freaked out that Trump, a guy he’s met and liked, has stolen his
character. “I look now, and I go, Holy cow, these people are ac-
tually talking about each other’s wives. It’s not politics. It’s like
‘Yo mama,’” he said. “The cult of masculinity has gone
amok. What he is saying is, I will beat you down and
take your women.” Only not nearly as eloquently.
I’M AWARE IT’S IRONIC that I’m whining about a
less informed America after spending 17 years ill-
ing a page that could have been about war or climate
change with penis jokes. But I do believe that I am a
professional penis-joke writer and that other people
are professional politicians, reporters and electri-
cians. Just because we now all have access to power
does not mean we have the experience, wisdom or
temperament to wield that power. I got nervous
about this in 2010, when Elena Kagan was nominated
to serve on the Supreme Court and Matt Lauer asked
Joe Biden on the Today show if having ive Justices
who graduated from Harvard Law and three Yale
Law graduates “[sounds] a little elitist.” Sure, Matt,
anyone with common sense and a good heart can in-
terpret a 229-year-old founding legal document and
determine how granting letters of marque and repri-
sal could apply to cyberterrorism. It even sounds a
little elitist to let the President instead of the people
pick those Justices, even if we have to wait a year and
the people are busy watching kids’ superhero movies,
which have themselves devolved into superheroes
constantly ighting one another. When I was in third
grade and kids on the playground talked about what
would happen if Superman fought Batman, the
rest of us knew that the answer was that those kids
weren’t going to college.
It’s hard to be smart with so many dopamine-
producing distractions and so much online approval
for our uneducated opinions. But I urge you not to read
this column unless you’ve read the rest of the magazine.
I will try to do the same, unless they do another cover
story about the debt. Even a smart guy has his limits. □
59
12 Questions
Megyn Kelly The host of Fox’s The Kelly File
discusses her irst prime-time special, making peace
with Donald Trump and hugging it out with Roger Ailes
In the era of Twitter and Snapchat,
can a prime-time special break
through? I think there’s still a market
for this kind of product. Otherwise
Barbara wouldn’t have been doing it
for so long, and Diane wouldn’t still be
doing it occasionally. It’s nice to have
something beautifully done, where the
interview isn’t rushed and you don’t
have to cut the guest of because a hard
break is coming. It will sing in a way that
an hour of live television just never can.
You met with Donald Trump on his
own turf. How did you break the ice?
It wasn’t challenging. He was very warm
from the moment I walked in. I think
he greatly appreciated the fact that I
reached out and was willing to go to him.
Did he apologize? No. No apology was
requested, either.
All along, it was a one-sided ight. As
he insulted your gender, your intel-
ligence, your ability, you held your
tongue. How hard did you have to bite
your tongue? If I came out there and
started ighting Trump, he would have
just turned around and said, She can’t be
fair, right? At times, I think it drove him
nuts that I wasn’t responding. But that
was clearly the right course to pursue.
What have you learned about your-
self in the past year? I am not fear-
less, but I do have courage, and ad-
versity is an opportunity. People kept
calling me fearless throughout the
whole thing, and I kept kind of laugh-
ing because I am not fearless. I have
plenty of fears. But I do have the cour-
age to walk through them. That’s really
all you need.
What’s it like to be liberals’ favorite
person on Fox? I don’t know if that’s
true. Listen, I will take any viewer who
wants to tune in. I am independent.
But I just want anybody to watch. I
don’t care why.
Before this, you were an attorney.
60 TIME May 23, 2016
What’s tougher, winning ratings ‘People kept
or winning cases? Cases, by far. Fox calling me fearless
is very lucky in that we have a lot of
people who are very loyal to us and our
throughout the
programming. You still have to ight whole thing, and
for it. You can’t sit back and coast. But I kept kind of
it’s nothing like the law. If I make a laughing because
mistake, I’ll go out there and own it. In I am not fearless.’
the law, if you make a mistake, 30,000
people could lose their jobs if you don’t
win this motion. That was true stress.
What does feminism mean to you?
It’s standing shoulder to shoulder with
my sisters on the truth of who we are,
which is a force to be reckoned with.
My own personal philosophy means
showing rather than telling. And as
Steve Martin put it, being so good that
they can’t ignore us.
A lot’s been made of your partner-
ship with Fox News chairman Roger
Ailes. It’s more like mentorship.
When was the last time you dis-
agreed with him? All the time.
What was the last disagreement?
I’m not going to get into my private
conversations with my boss. But
one of the things I love about work-
ing for Roger Ailes is I can yell at
him, he can yell at me, and then we
can hug it out. Arguments actually
bring you closer with somebody.
I’d much rather have a boss like
this than a boss who is constantly
whispering sweet nothings to me
and then they stick a shiv in you
and you’re out.
Has Megyn Kelly already
won the 2016 election? No.
I’m on the sidelines, not on the
playing ield.
But this has been a tremen-
P E T E R H A PA K F O R T I M E
dous election cycle for you, no?
It’s been a tremendous election
cycle, period. I’ve been through a
crazy year, there’s no question. But it’s
not about me.—PHILIP ELLIOTT
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