NPTEL Online Certification Course

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Sub: Mechanical Measurement Systems
Instructor: Prof. Ravi Kumar

Assignment-7 Solution

1. Mechanical strain gauge can measure

(a) Static strains only
(b) dynamic strains only
(c) static and quasi-static strains
(d) static and dynamic strains

2. A strain gauge should have high value of gauge facto

(a) to reduce hysteresis effect
(b) to increase sensitivity
(c) to reduce/eliminate the effect of variation in ambient temperature
(d) to give linear relation between applied strain and resistance change

3. Quartz is a ------------------- material for a piezoelectric transducer

(a) Natural and stable
(b) Natural and unstable
(c) Artificial and stable
(d) Artificial and unstable

4. Which of the followings gauges can be detached from the test specimen and used
again
(a) semi-conductor gauges
(b) metal foil gauge
(c) bonded metal wire gauges
(d) Unbonded metal wire gauge

5. The sensitivity factor of an electrical resistance strain gauge is of the order of

(a) 1 to 1.5
(b) 1.5 to 2
(c) 0.5 to 1
(d) 5 to 10

6. A strain gauge with nominal resistance of 120 Ω and gauge factor 2 undergoes a strain
of 10-5. What is the change in resistance in response to strain?
(a) 24 Ω
(b) 240 Ω
(c) 2.4 x 10-3 Ω
(d) 2.4 x 10-2 Ω
 𝑑𝑅
𝑔𝑎𝑢𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐹 = 𝑅
𝑑𝑙
𝑙
𝐹 × 𝑑𝑙 × 𝑅
𝑑𝑅 =
𝑙
𝑑𝑅 = 2 × 10−5 × 120 = 2.4 × 10−3 𝛺

7. The U-tube differential manometers are

(a) not suitable for dynamic signals
(b) accurate
(c) suitable for recording
(d) unaffected by gravity

8. A well type manometer is used in preference to U-tube manometer to obtain

(a) better accuracy
(b) better precision
(c) high sensitivity
(d) high resolution

9. In a bourdon tube pressure gauge, incorrect readings may be encountered due to

(a) hysteresis
(b) fatigue
(c) creep
(d) drift

10. A piezometer tube is not used for pressure measurements in a pipe line when
(a) the fluid is highly viscous
(b) the pressure difference is large
(c) the flow velocity is small
(d) the flowing fluid is gas

11. Doppler shift principle is used for measurement of

(a) frequency
(b) sound pressure
(c) speed
(d) vibration
Linked question 12-13
A shaft transmits a maximum power of 50 kW when running at constant speed of 1500 rpm.
Measurements of torque are made by a pair of strain gauges which are bonded onto a specially
machined portion of the shaft. Each gauge has a nominal resistance of R= 120 Ω, gauge factor
F=2.0 and are connected electrically to the two arms of the half activated Wheatstone bridge
circuit which is energised with an excitation voltage of 6 volts. If the gauges have a maximum
strain of 0.0015. The modulus of elasticity of the shat material is 200 GN/m2. Take shaft
diameter as 1.82 cm.
Find the following
12. Fraction change in resistance
(a) 3 x10-3
(b) 4x10-3
(c) 3.5 x10-3
(d) 4.5 x10-3

13. Sensitivity of the measuring system, mV/kW

(a) 0.19
(b) 0.18
(c) 0.20
(d) 0.21
Solution:
𝑑𝑅
12. 𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, = 𝐹𝜖
𝑅
= 2 × 0.0015 = 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
The output voltage of an equal arm bridge using two active elements (half-
activated bridge) is
𝑑𝑅 𝑉𝑠 6
𝑑𝑉0 = 2 ( × ) = 2 × (3 × 10−3 × ) = 9𝑚𝑉
𝑅 4 4
13. Overall sensitivity of bridge
9
= = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖 𝐦𝐕/𝐤𝐖
50
14. A torsion dynamometer is used to find the power of the engine. The solid propeller
shaft having 20 cm diameter twists 2o in a length of 6 m. If the modulus of rigidity
is 80 GN/m2 and if the shaft runs at 500 rpm, find the horse power of the engine in
kW.
(a) 3923
(b) 3823
(c) 3723
(d) 4023
Solution:
𝐶𝜃
𝑇 = 𝐼𝑃
𝑙
𝜋 4 𝜋
𝐼𝑃 = 𝑑 = (0.2)4 = 1.57 × 10−4 𝑚4
32 32
𝜋
𝜃 = 2𝑜 = × 2 = 0.0349 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
180
−4
(80 × 109 ) × 0.0349
𝑇 = 1.57 × 10 × ( ) = 73057 𝑁𝑚
6
2𝜋𝑁𝑇 2𝜋 × 500 × 73057
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅 = = = 𝟑𝟖𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑾
60 60 × 1000
15. A seismic transducer working in the displacement mode is designed on the basis of
(a) small mass and weak-springs
(b) small mass and stiff springs
(c) heavy mass and weak springs
(d) heavy mass and heavy springs