Report of Jamaica Olazo

Thomas Malthus
“the power of
population
growth is greater
than the power
of Earth to
produce
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subsistence.”
BASIC CONCEPTS
of Population Growth

Biosphere
all life on Earth

Population: all members of a single species living in a

given time and place and actually or potentially
interbreeding.
BASIC CONCEPTS
of Population Growth
Species: all individuals that are
capable of interbreeding and is
made up of populations.
Ecosystem:
all the interacting
Communities: populations in a given
all the organisms time and place.
and their non-

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living environment
in a defined area.
BASIC CONCEPTS
of Population Growth

Sex Ratio and Age Distribution

– together they tell how a population will grow.

Sex Ratio – Age Distribution –

relative number of number of individuals of
males and females in a each age in a population.
population.

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DEMOGRAPHY
– study of populations, their characteristics and changes.

Demographers
 study population size;
 density and distribution;
 age structure;
 sex ratio;
 Birth rate;
 Death rate;

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 Immigration and
emigration rates
Three Technological Eras

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 7B
6B
5B
4B
3B
2B
1B
Report of Jamaica Olazo

FACTORS Affecting
HUMAN
Population Size
 Affect
FACTORS ing

HUMAN
Population Size

1. Change in population size

= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)
POPULATION
MOVEMENTS
 POPULATION
MOVEMENTS
Migration
– permanent change of residence of a person or group.

Emigration – movement of
people out of a country.

Immigration – movement

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of people into a country.
Circumstances in the country or
origin that lead people to emigrate.

Push factors
1. No job opportunities;
2. Poverty;
3. War; and
4. Environmental disasters
Conditions in the destination country
that make emigration attractive.

Pull factors

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1. Economic opportunity;
2. Political freedom; and
(i.e. Democracy)
3. Better standards of living
 Affect
FACTORS ing

HUMAN
Population Size

1. Change in population size

= (births – deaths) + (immigrants – emigrants)
2. (Crude) Birth rate - the number of individuals born
during a specified time interval.

Natural increase
– when the birth rate is
higher than the death

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rate, more people are
being born than are
dying so the population
grows.
 Affect
FACTORS ing

HUMAN
Population Size

3. (Crude) Death rate - the number of individuals

who die during a specified time interval.

Natural decrease – when

the death rate is higher
than the birth rate.

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Demographic Transition Model
- is an important factor in population growth.
 Affect
FACTORS ing

HUMAN
Population Size

4. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) – the average number of

children a woman has during her reproductive years.
– Biotic potential: the maximum rate at which a population
could increase when birth rate is maximal and death
rate minimal.
5. Replacement Fertility - number of children
needed to replace everyone in the population.

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Zero Population Growth:
• birth rate = death rate.
 Demographics Profile 2013
Philippines Worldwide
(as of July 2013) (as of July 2013)
Population 7.2 billion
Growth Rate 1.84% 1.095%
Birth Rate 24.62 births/1,000 18.9 births/1,000 population
Death Rate 4.95 deaths/1,000 7.9 deaths/1,000 population
Fertility rate 3.1 children born/woman 2.45 children born/woman
Infant total: 18.19 deaths/1,000 live total:37.61 deaths/1,000 live
mortality rate births births

Maternal 99 deaths/100,000 live births

mortality rate (2010)

People living 8,700 (2009 est.) 33.3 million (2009 est.)

with HIV/AIDS
Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
 Philippine time:
2:24:45

Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
 FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth
TOTAL
Rates
FERTILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
4.Education level and
employment for women
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
4.Education level and
employment for women
5.Infant mortality rate
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
4.Education level and
employment for women
5.Infant mortality rate
6.Population’s religious
beliefs, customs and
traditions
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
4.Education level and
employment for women
5.Infant mortality rate
6.Populations religious
beliefs, customs and
traditions
7.Average marrying age
FACTORS AFFECTING
Birth 1.Children in labor force
Rates
TOTAL
FERTILITY
2.Cost of raising and
educating children
3.Urbanization
4.Education level and
employment for women
5.Infant mortality rate
6.Populations religious
beliefs, customs and
traditions
7.Average marrying age
8.Availability of birth
control and abortions
MEGACITIES
 MEGACITIES
- is usually defined as a metropolitan
area with a total population in excess
of ten million people.

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As of 2013, there are 24 megacities in existence according to the Population Reference Bureau.
 MEGACITIES

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 Rank Megacity Country Population

MEGACITIES 1
2
3
4
Tokyo
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Jakarta
Japan
China
China
Indonesia
34,800,000
31,700,000
28,900,000
26,400,000
5 Seoul South Korea 25,800,000
6 Delhi (India) India 24,000,000
7 Mexico City Mexico 23,800,000
8 Karach Pakistan 23,500,000
9 Manila Philippines 22,200,000
10 New York City United States 21,600,000
11 São Paulo Brazil 21,600,000
12 Mumbai India 21,400,000
13 Beijing China 19,300,000
14 Los Angeles United States 17,200,000
15 Osaka Japan 16,800,000
16 Dhaka Bangladesh 16,300,000
17 Cairo Egypt 16,100,000
18 Kolkata India 16,000,000
United
19 London 15,500,000
Kingdom
20 Buenos Aires Argentina 14,500,000
21 Bangkok Thailand 14,500,000
22 Istanbul Turkey 14 160 467
23 Lagos Nigeria 13,200,000
24 Tehran Iran 13,200,000
Population
Compari
TREND
sons
 EXTREME
POVERTY

$1 $10 $100

1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

Poor Rich
Riches can reach me! -Moon
 EXTREME
POVERTY

1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

Poor Rich
What percent of adults in the
world today are literate?

25% 45% 65% 75%

Imma winner baby!

75%
EXTREME
POVERTY

1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B

Poor Rich
 Buy more!!!

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CFC Emission
50%

Hello!
I’m 100%
FOSSIL FUEL  25%
16%
4% 9%
1%

1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B 1B
 Compari
POPULATION
TREND
sons
Developed Countries DEVELOPING
- is a sovereign state that has a COUNTRIES
highly developed economy and
advanced technological High infant mortality rate
infrastructure relative to other less Life expectancy of 52 years
industrialized nations.
Total fertility rate = 5.7
DEVELOPED
Per capita GDP = $800
COUNTRIES
Low infant mortality rate

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Life expectancy of 77 years
Total fertility rate = 2.0
Per capita GDP = $36,110
Developing Countries
- also called a less-developed
country (LDC),is a nation with a
lower living standard,
underdeveloped industrial base.
THE WEALTH GAP AND POPULATION
GROWTH CAUSE CONFLICT

The stark contrast between affluent and poor societies

causes social and environmental stress.
* The richest 20% use 86% of the world’s resources
* Leaves 14% of the resources for 80% of the world’s people to share
* Tensions between “haves” and “have-not’s” are increasing

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 Major Social Factor
Determining Family Size is the
ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIETY
• Early marriages foster high
fertility rates.
• Lack of education
opportunities for women
reduces their options.
• When level of education
increases, fertility rates fall.
• The most important factor is
the ability of women to control
the size of their family.
• Access to birth control is key
HUMAN
POPULATION
ISSUES
PROBLEMS
Safety
Unhygienic
Limited Space
Psychological welfare

In 2007, there were approximately

53,200 people living in caged homes.

Cage home refers to a type of residence

that is big enough for one bunk bed and
surrounded by a metal cage.

CAGE PEOPLE IN HONGKONG

A TRIP TO
INDIA

Home to 17 per cent of all people in the world.

Undesirable Impacts
of Urban Sprawl
 Lost of crop lands, forest lands, and Wet lands

Undesirable Impacts
Of Human Sprawl
 Fragmenting fish and wildlife habitats.

Undesirable Impacts
Of Human Sprawl
Increased impervious surfaces means more flooding.

Undesirable Impacts
Of Human Sprawl
And a larger ecological footprint

Benefit is all a
matter of one’s
Perspective... 
 • Family planning
• Improve health care
• Elevate the status of
women
• Increase education
• Involve men in parenting

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• Reduce poverty
• Sustainability
• Equal distribution of
wealth

Cutting Global
Population Growth