the Golden Age A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE ‘WORUDENRERGEGUOLURUGRGUSECOEUOURUEGESEOUEAUSUEGEDEGEGH ESOUEEERUEEEULEGER: in this issue WHEAT AS A FOOD BUBBLES GERMAN RAILWAYS CONDITIONS IN ARIZONA. EDITOR LEARNS A LOT WHY I AM A CHIROPRACTOR WORLD-WIDE PEACE, HOW? ‘ueaavauunuaanancuceacsncgezaeacavoceauasseseeeeneanaTaGEEHnnEnE every other WEDNESDAY five cents a copy one dollar a year Canada & Foreign 1.25 Vol. XH - No. 320 December 23, 1931CONTENTS LABOR AND ECONOMICS Boston Adopts Five-Day Week . 167 Food Relief in New York City, 167 Old Age Pensions vs, Almshouses . 167 Cooper’s Opinion on Russia, . 167 Swapping Foods in Illinois... 168 Cleveland’s Labor Riot . .; . 168 Jobless Women in Chicago. . , 168 Germany Will Feed Jobless . . 169 Caillaux Wishes Silver Remonetized . . . «169 Reducing Purchases by Cutting Wages... 1. es 169 May Remonetize Silver | 1. | 170 170 2 Registration of Homeless Women CONDITIONS IN ARIZONA «oe ee SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL Buopurs 2 ee 1ST ‘Deletions from Military Manual , 170 Exon Apprrioan Levers Neepep . 174 Golden Ages 1 Barper Suops , , 174 Boavs Nroro Spimrruats . . . . 174 FINANCE—COMMERCE—TRANSPORTATION Britain Faced Complete Collapse . 169 Wortp’s Grearesr Esprover . . 171 Eprror Lmarss Lov rx Two Monts 173 POLITICAL—DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN Reconciliation of Greeks and Turks 2. 2 ee ee Discuss Dictatorship for America 170 Noss rom Korea... . . . 183 Ty mam Courns or Sovrit Areca . 183 AGRICULTURE AND HUSBANDRY MAANHAAR—vor Lovers or Wan LE eee IE HOME AND HEALTH Warar as a Foo... . 5 5 168 209,014 Viviseetion Experiments inYeor.... 1 1. « + 169 Wry T Am a Cumorractor . 175 No Pisir Can Live av Bavxirg .. 180 Prevention ov Soirce Goren. +, 181 Way I Do Nor Buy Rep Cross Sere ea Farav Tyercat. Surppican Gypreat . 182 TRAVEL AND BISCELLANY Spanish News Items... + + 168 Barmist Crnmistiantry 1 Kenreexy 166 gIsNearlyUp . . . = 170 « Avon Ivrerstie Paruwavs’?. 184 How Wu, Wortn-Winr Prsce B Si ee 5 185, Tue Rapio Wirsess Work... 199 From a Rapro Starion Masacer . 190 Waar rim Crvrcit Has Done .. 191 ‘Published every other Wolnesday at 1 Adams Street, WOODWORTH, KNORR & MARTIN Copartnors and Proprietors CLAYTON J. WOODWORTH. . Ealtor Five Cxsus a Cory —$1.00 a Yaw We do not, as a Renowal blante CARHAN 1, ENOUR MMaxn Resintaxces to TH GOLDEY 4GE Notice to Subscribers: For your own satet Address: 117 Adams Street, Brooklyn, N, Yo, 0. 8. Ay ROEERT MARTIN... Business Manager sind wreasuree remit by postal or express money. orders send acknowledzment of a renewal or anew subseription. sareving notice of explvatin heioxe the subseription expives,, Change of fe sent with the journal one month dross, when requested, many be expected: To appear on address label Within one amonth, Published also.in Esperanto, Finnish, German, Japanese, Tx, Onsen Couxmais Graven. erraee, London, Gretees BRM oe ees Canadian’ South africa reweaina, Polish, Swed 2, Bngland : “2 40 Irwin Avenue, Toronto. 5y Oniario, Canta ‘dustratatal <2 22 Y aloreatgrd Ra Birkel sO Tale’ Street, Cape Town, Suh -Aptien So We Australia Entered as second-class matter at Brooklyn, N, Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.the Golden Age Volume XII Brooklyn, N. ¥., Wednesday, December 23, 1931 Number 320 Wheat as a Food HE Chinese claim that Noah was the first ruler of their country and that he introduced the practice of growing wheat. It is known that it was grown by the lake dwellers of Switzer- land and by the ancient Egyptians. The grain then was not greatly different from that now. Attempts to germinate samples found wrapped with mummies have not been successful, ‘Ancient Greek and Roman mythology is full of tales of gods and demigods descending to the earth and teaching men the use of wheat. There appears to be no authentic record that this par- ticular cereal grows wild and sows itself without the help of man. No other cereal except rye contains a gluten that is capable of expanding and forming a light porous loaf. Because of its unique composition no other cereal can take the place of wheat for bread-making purposes. Wheat contains more protein and less starch than corn, oats, rye or harley. The wheat kernel is surrounded by a seed pod called the pericarp, a second covering called the episperm, an aleurone layer of nitrogenous mat- ter, the perisperm (or third bran layer), and the endosperm (or floury portion), which con- stitutes about 80 percent of the wheat kernel. ‘Wheat belongs to the grass family. There are four principal kinds, common wheat, Egyptian wheat, English wheat, and flint wheat, to which the durum and maearoni varieties belong. There is also a dwarf variety. Differing climatic con- ditions and varying methods of cultivation have produced numerous hard and soft varieties, Drought conditions produce wheat with an un- usual percentage of proteins. The wheat plant assimilates its food from the soil at a rapid rate, and the soil must be in a high state of productiveness in order to yield a good crop. Because it is used more extensiv as human food than any other cereal it usually commands high prices and is therefore not eom- monly fed to farm animals. Attimes when it has been cheap and abundant it has been used for feeding live stock and has been found as valuable as other grains for the production of beef, pork, mutton and milk, When fed to animals it is best coarsely ground or pul- verized instead of being fed whole. Soils, Climates, Varieties, Enemies ‘Wheat can be grown on a variety of soils, but thrives hest upon rich allavium and soils formed from different kinds of rock disintegrated and mixed with vegetable mold, The principal wheat- growing soils of the United States are of glacial formation, composed of clay, silt, fine sand and disintegrated limestone blended. The predominance of Kansas as a wheat- growing state dates from the arrival of an im- migrant girl from Russia who came bearing with her a sack of hard Russian wheat that ger- minates in cold, arid latitudes, From that sack of seed, carefully selected by her father as her dowry, came the whole empire of Kansas wheat fields of today. That dates away back sixty years ago. ‘Wheat responds readily to breeding and eross- ing of standard varieties, but readily reverts to its original condition. Minnesota, North and South Dakota and Montana constitute the main spring wheat region, Winter wheat is grown in states to the south. Persian wheat; a short-stemmed, heavy-seeded variety, matures in a short season and may be grown successfully in a cold soil. The peasants in the Caucasian highlands follow the receding snow fields in spring, sowing this wheat along their margins as they melt. ‘Phe yield of this variety is said to be as much as 50 bushels to the acre. Wheat yields per acre range from 10 bushels to 30 bushels or more. ‘The yields in the United States are less than would be expected and ob- tained in countries where land is expensive and intensified farming is practiced. 103