The Golden Ase
A JOURNAL OF FACT HOPE AND COURAGE
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in this issue
TRADE BARRIERS
FROST IN THE AIR
EVENTS IN CANADA
AMONG THE USURERS
STATUS LYMPHATICUS
ALUMINUM POISONING AGAIN
BLOCKS TO PROSPERITY
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Vol. XII - No. 317
November 11, 1931LABOR AND ECONOMICS
Novwich Municipal Light Plant . 76
Result of High Bleetrie Rates .
ght Plant .
No Tax on English Vacant 1
Ureotzie Rates, Canada and U, 8.
‘Would Remonetize Silver
Ten Cents for Food and Clothing 79
Comp TLavor Besnvis No Oxr . . 8t
Dover Municipal
SOCIAL AND SDUCATIONAL
Prost 1 tar Ai
ogy in Russia
Where the Radio 1
French Eneourage Wi
eners Ave
ne Drinking
PINANCE—COMMERCE—Th.
Snvuts on Finaneial Situation .
Power ‘Trust im Canada
‘Phe Passing Finaneial Show
Gold Standard Overboard.
Plenty of Money at 1-1/8 Povest
Air Preight Scrviee
Shifting the Load . :
Asioxe nae Usten :
To Dare tm Govensxeyr OCr
or BUsINIsS . sw. 85
NSPORTATION
POLIVICAL--DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
Interxssiosat, Trap Barensns
‘Einstein's Cry for Peace
Wileon Planned World War Ent
ver Wednesday: 91 U4
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HOME AND HEALTH
‘Decth of Mexiean Indians.
‘Hospitals Belong to People. . 89
Srares Lywpraricus +. 88
Goon Boarn ar Tae a Wesx . . . 86
Auumaxum Porsoxine ar
Wars Puss... 87
Porsons Geserarep py Avcsiseat
Cooxr:
ER.
TRAVEL AND MISCELLANY
World's Largest Drydock
‘Moslems in India May Rebel
Social Feeding in Russia
Conditions in South Africa
What Former Priests Ave Doing. 79
Events iy Casapa es 7
TrovsaNn Minas tr tan Astazos $8
News Tnnvs rrow Korea. 89
Prongeaixe ry Centra. Awniies . 90
RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
War Revernsp Wxaxpr Mesep . 75
Jews Expect Fulfilment of Bzckiet
Brocs 70 MANsiNn’s Prosesivry . 91
Ur Sreus SoroUs +. 98
‘The Pope a Disappointed Man, . 4
‘Pojeda Stands by His Law... 94
Admit They Are Roosters... 95
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Hotered as eeeondielacs matter at Brooklyn, N, ¥, andor the Act of Naveh 8, 1879,The Golden Ase
Volume ill
Brooklyn, N. Y., Wednesday, November 11, 1931
International Trade Barriers
A, LARGE part of the timo of our statesmen
in Washington is occupied with discussing
the tariff, which affects more or less directly
every eitizen in the country and is therefore
properly the subject for a somewhat elementary
article in The Golden Age. We do not claim to
have the wisdom to go deeply into this subject.
‘The levying of a tariff is confessedly purely
a selfish act of national legislation, ‘Phere is
no pretense that one is ever levied for the bene-
fit of anybody else. The only question at issue
is as to whether, as a purely selfish act, its
operation is to the advantage or disadvantage
of the one who levies it.
Customs duties on goods inbound, outbound,
ov in transit date back thousands of years,
With the Grecks the usual rate of customs
Cuties upon both imports and exports was about
2 pereent, In the Dark Ages transit duties were
imposed on all goods passing through the cen-
tral part of Europe. The European continent
thus became covered with a network of eustoms
lines, which lines still persist and greatly ham
per trade.
‘Varif himself was a Mussulman chief, In the
year 709 (A. D.) he invaded Spain with a foree
of 500 Moors and founded the seaport city of
Tarifa, which soon became the place where
customs were collected; hence the word “tariff”,
In the formation of the German Empire one
of the great problems was to abolish the local
transit customs, but it was finally aeeomplished.
Transit duties have disappeared’ except in
China. Export duties are of importance only
in Turkey and India.
In the United States the first tariff act was
passed on July 4, 1789, ‘The average rate of
duty then was low, being about 8} percent. By
the year 1918 the percentage of free goods had
increased until it reached 75.51 percent. ‘This
‘is the nearest the United States ever came to
free trade. At present it is far removed from
the position ocenpied in 1918.
Before the imposition of the ineome tax, int.
port duties made up nearly one-half of the
federal receipts, ‘They now make up about 15
percent, or about the same as those of France
and Tialy.
Europeen Tariff Walls
We Americans like to talk about Europe's
foolish tariff walls, In America we have forty-
eight states, stretching three thousand miles
from east to west and fifteen hundred iniies
north and south, without any intervening eus-
toms barriers. Of course, the United States
Constitution forbids the separate states from
doing so, but if any state in the United States
were to undertake to levy an import duty, ex-
port duty or transit duty as respects any other
state a roar of indignation would go up from
all over the country. Europe may have all the
harriers she pleases between her twenty states,
inst not Uncle Sam, Unele Sam is most incon:
siv‘ent in this, as ail ean plainly see,