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Working in a mixed Admission Ward for the last three years we regularly noticed that
anxiety is very often present in most of the newly admitted residents. The purpose of this
study is to give an overview regarding the levels of anxiety and the physiological and
psychological responses to anxiety and describe how I as a nurse can contribute to the
reduction of anxiety of residents in our setting. However, it shall be compared with studies
Losses of loved ones, loss of property and belongings, and loss of independence as a result of
physical and mental decline, are some of the major elements that contribute to the challenge
of aging. The change of ones habitual living conditions in favor of institutionalized living in a
residential home is for an old person usually connected with many difficulties. Anxiety is
expressed in different ways and may be associated with one or more of the following risk
• Female gender
• Physical debilitation
• Depression
• Hearing/vision loss
• Memory loss
• Loss of friends/family
Levels of Anxiety:
Mild: Attentive, alert, perceptive to verity of stimuli; an effective problem solving.
Panic: Sensory ability and attention reduced so that only objects of anxiety are noticed.
Mild: Tension of needs motivates behavior and is adaptive to variety of internal and external
stimuli.
Severe: Alarm stage changes intensify, and stage of resistance may progress to stage of
exhaustion.
Mild: No intense feelings; self concepts not threatened. Use ago adaptive mechanisms
Moderate: Selective inattention and focus on stimuli that do not add to anxiety. Use any
Panic: May becomes immobilized, assumes fetal position, or become mute, or may be
Men are more likely to channel anxiety into aggressive behavior while women are more
Definition of Anxiety:
Most of the residents are admitted directly from home; others are admitted from other
institutions and others are transferred directly from the acute general hospital. An aged person
finds himself in a new environment he will be naturally anxious about keeping in touch with
the family, friend and hobbies. Wilson Barnett (1979) suggested that the first 24 hours
following admission where the client had the highest stress levels, a proper nursing
assessment can directly affect the length of time it takes to help the client adopt to his new
environment. The nurse is in the most important position to help the new client to diminish
the anxiety of finding himself in an institution and to adjust to his present situation. This can
be done effectively by implement the three phases of the caring relationship according to the
Orientation Phase:
A strange environment and a new routine can be extremely disorientating the client’s
thoughts leaving little time or inclination for pursuit of activities and interests. As a nursing
action for the older adult, being present requires knowing and being comfortable with oneself
and connecting with the person through affirmation, valuing, vulnerability, empathy, serenity,
and silence ( Stanley 2002). On admission the first nursing intervention is to introduce
oneself by name, and discuss the reason for move or change. Any questions that may be
asked should be answered as completely and honestly as possible. Attempting to shield the
aged person from often harsh reality is likely to result in anger and loss of trust so the nurse
should help the aged person identify the benefits that will come with the change and avoid
Within each person there are cultural patterns which provides the roles and directions for
daily living, all beliefs, values and behavior are rooted in one’s culture. Many interests and
hobbies of the elderly people have been with them since their younger days so it is important
to elicit the views of the resident when trying to establish his quality of life.
Assessing Anxiety:
Patients should be assessed for anxiety. Assessment of worry is significant when planning
nursing care (Fakouri and Lyon 1996). The most important thing before assessing and
planning an intervention is to talk to both the client and his relatives and try to build a helping
relationship based on trust, respect and acceptance. Trust and identification are the most
relevant components of nursing commitment in identifying the anxiety level of the new
client. So then it will be more appropriate to reach out goal in reducing the client’s level of
anxiety.
Assessment is the most important skill in practice with older people. The medical doctor
normally will do an assessment to assess for dementia, delirium, depression and other
common disorders of later life. The nurse should be present and listen to what the resident
had to say during the assessment this can help the nurse to gain more inside of the client.
Psychologists can play a unique role in this process of determine the mental condition of the
resident. Diagnosis of the major disorders of late life depends to a considerable extent on
evaluation of behavior and cognition. The starting point for any assessment is to put the client
at easy and to establish rapport. Through an evaluation the members of the health care team
should monitor the client’s anxiety, providing reassurance when needed and conducting the
Different perspectives could be used to investigate the extent of anxiety the client is
experience, its correlation with other demographic and health variables, and for testing the
psychological and physical functioning required of a nurse is that keeping precise records of
some aspects of behavior. The formal recording of baseline data allows precise effects of any
client needs are to be assessed accurately, in order to assess a clients need and to
communicate effectively it is essential that the nurse have the appropriate skills.
Working Phase:
During this phase the nurse must demonstrate acceptance of client’s behavior. Establish
consistency). Both must recognizes and differentiate what types of problems are
subject to intervention. Nurse must inform client when desired goals are beyond the
nurse’s domain of expertise or the duration of the interaction. Both the nurse and the
To implement any interventions the nurse needs to work closely with other members of the
the client.
Empathetic Listening:
Empathy is entering another person’s experience to perceive it accurately, while maintaining
objectivity. To give empathy the nurse need to gain inside of the client and imagine oneself
in the situation of the client so then the nurse will be able to understand more better the
client’s experiences. The nurse must give client time, opportunity and ability to explain
himself. Listen to the client with intent to understand, without diminishing the client’s
feelings or immediately giving advice. Understand the cause of the client’s unusual attitude or
behavior. Respect the client’s values, opinion’s needs and ethno cultural beliefs. Integrate
these elements into the care plan with the client’s help. Care giver is a companion, who
shares freely but does not impose. Tschudin(1992). Both listening and assertive skills are
Therapeutic Interventions:
The nurse must establish a working relationship with client through continuity of care. An
ongoing relationship establishes trust, reduces the feeling of isolation, and may facilitate
coping. Opportunities should be provided for the client to express concerns, fears, feelings,
and expectations. Verbalization of actual or perceived threats can help reduce anxiety.
Encourage patient to identify own strengths and abilities. Fostering awareness can expedite
use of these strengths. Occupational Therapy classes can help the client in this way. Residents
who are not coping well may need more guidance initially. During crises, patients may not be
able to recognize their strengths. The nurse must encourage the client to seek information that
Residents who are coping ineffectively have reduced ability to assimilate information. The
nurse must provide information to the resident wants and needs and pay attention not to
provide more information than the resident can handle. The resident must be encouraged to
set realistic goals. This can helps the resident to gain control over the situation. Guiding the
resident to view the situation in smaller parts may make the problem more manageable.
Assist the client to problem solve in a constructive manner. Discourage decision making
Assess level of understanding and readiness to learn needed lifestyle changes. Appropriate
problem solving requires accurate information and understanding of options. Often patients
who are ineffectively coping are unable to hear or assimilate needed information. Assess
decision-making and problem-solving abilities. Patients may feel that the threat is greater
than their resources to handle it and feel a loss of control over solving the threat or problem.
The nurse can assist the client with his problem of being among unfamiliar environment by
introducing him to other clients who will be present throughout each day, and they can assist
to give the new client a feeling of ‘belonging', indeed other aged persons can be a great
support and source of information to new clients (Rowden and Jones 1993).
Spiritual Needs and Support:
‘Every hospital patient has the right to receive spiritual and moral assistance in accordance
with his o her religious belief ‘(Patients’ Charter-Malta 2001, no. 01. 04 p6)
The nurse has to try and to provide holistic care to the residents to help them acquire new
behaviors that are important to the resident’s well being and that are required to adjust to
aging and their situation. Spirituality enables the person to experiencing self growth through
life events and mission in life (Burkhardt 1994). For the older adult, finding the meaning of
critical life can be a challenging, process wherein the nurse can have significant influence.
There are numerous benefits for the older adult to enhance, their prayer beliefs and practices
so then the older adults will enhance his trust, self-worth and hope. Research on nurses and
health careers identified the nursing interventions in spiritual care such as, referral to
chaplains or other professionals, prayer, active listening, facilitation of clients’ thoughts all
are nursing interventions that can help the client meet his spiritual needs which can help in
reducing his level of anxiety Halm et al (2000). All or part of these interventions can help the
elderly client to meet his spiritual needs and to encourage him to build up again his self-
esteem. Factors that facilitate motivation in one individual, may not work as effectively for
Entertainment Service:
This section provide, the daily supply of local news papers to the institution and organize
weekly theatre plays and culture activities such as playing bingo, masses in chapels outside
the residence etc. Residents should be encouraged to use this service as it serves as a tool to
increase their self esteem and keep them in touch with the outside environment.
sincere belief in the capability of individuals to assume responsibility for their own total well-
being. Such an environment is inherently empowering. Positive, healthy lifestyle choices can
enhance the quality of life across the lifespan beginning whenever they are implemented.
identify areas of their lives over which they have control, and assisting them to make healthy
lifestyle choices which enhance their physical and emotional well being, as well as their
Most persons cope with changes in their lives as they grow older with little disruption of
functioning. At the same time, it is fairly well documented that mental health
concerns increase with advancing age. Older persons experience many stresses, crises,
and losses, in addition to the need to cope with devalued status and they are more
the extend possible to reduce patient’s felling of hopelessness The nurse should
evaluate any symptoms that the patient may have through communication with the
client as he will feel helplessness so then any consultations needed, will be addressed
by his doctor.
relaxation methods such as drinking and smoking are over used in order for person to relax.
Some people have to learn how to relax and having a massage is one way of allowing the
Relaxation Techniques:
Medical research across the world is beginning to awaken to the possibility that regular
practice of meditation; relaxation and visualization techniques can help to reduce the stress
hormones in our blood that influence our long-term health and well-being.
This relaxation technique has proven effective in helping people relax and dose not requires
any special equipment and has been shown to have both physiological and psychological
benefits.
ranging effects upon psychological well-being, as well as upon behavioral changes. For
example, mediators have been found to be less anxious. Even more significant than this,
however the finding is that anxiety can be decreased by teaching people to meditate Miller et
Termination ends when the goals are met. It may be difficult both for the nurse and the client.
In this case it is very important that the nurse must prepare the client and his family for the
Conclusion:
Normal changes that occur with aging are the result of complex interactions among genetics,
biological systems, and physical and social environments. Disease complicates a person's
ability to adapt and maintain functional health (the ability to carry out the usual and desired
daily activities). Mental or physical decline in older adults often may not be directly related
to the aging process but may result from the absence of supportive care and services
that could prevent disease and help maintain the older adult's ability to function.
The aims to provide care while safeguarding and promoting the welfare of older adults. The
aims and duties of this service are focused on medical and nursing care, physiotherapy and
occupational therapy, dental and ophthalmic care and podology and speech therapy and
entertainment service. It is imperative that the employer employ more qualified persons in
psychology and alternative therapists, so then the residents will have more services that can
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