Adilah Adams

U6A

CHEMISRTY LAB #

7th February 2018

TITLE: Back -Titration

AIM: To determine the mass of calcium carbonate in a commercial brand of antacid by back titration.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL:

 Standardized 1 moldm-3 HCl  Retort stand

 Standardized 0.5moldm-3 NaOH  Clamp
 Two 50cm3 burette  Dropper
 Three 250cm3 conical flask  Bunsen burner
 Phenolphthalein  Tripod stand
 Funnel  Wire gauze
 White tile  Test tube holder
 Beakers

DIAGRAM:

DIAGRAM SHOWING THE SET UP OF APPARATUS

METHOD:

1) Apparatus was set up as shown above.

2) 25.0cm3 of HCl was transferred from a burette into a conical flask. One antacid
tablet was added to the HCl in the conical flask.
3) The contents of the conical flask were warmed gently until all the effervescence
ceased and the tablet dissolved.
4) The contents of the conical flask were allowed to cool, and 3 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator was added. The mixture was titrated with NaOH.
5) The values obtained were recorded.
6) The titration was repeated 3 times to ensure accurate results.

RESULTS:

TABLE SHOWING THE TIRTATION VALUES OF HCl AND ANTACID WITH NaOH.

Accurate
Rough
1 2 3
Final burette
20.70 20.50 40.70 39.70
reading/cm3
Initial burette
0.00 0.00 20.50 19.40
reading/cm3
Volume of NaOH/cm3 20.70 20.50 20.20 20.30

20.20+ 20.30
25.0cm3 of antacid and HCl reacted with 2
= 20.25 cm3 of NaOH.
CALCULATIONS:

1) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

2) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

3) HCl
1dm3 contains 1 moles of HCl
1
Hence 1cm3 will contain [1000 ] moles of MnO4-
1
Therefore moles used in 23.0cm3 is [ × 25.0] moles, that is, 0.025 moles of HCl.
1000

4) NaOH
1dm3 contains 0.5 moles of NaOH
0.5
Hence 1cm3 will contain [1000 ] moles of NaOH
0.5
Therefore moles used in 20.25cm3 is [1000 × 20.25] moles, that is, 0.010125 moles of NaOH.

5) Mole ratio  HCl : NaOH

1 : 1
0.010125 : 0.010125 moles.
Hence, 0.010125 moles of of HCl reacted with the NaOH according to the equation in 2 and
ratio

6) Moles of HCl reacting with the antacid = 0.025 – 0.010125 = 0.014875 moles of HCl

7) Mole ratio  HCl : CaCO3

2 : 1
0.014875 : 7.4375× 10−3 moles.
Hence, 7.4375× 10−3 moles of Calcium carbonate are in the antacid.

8) Mr (CaCO3) = (40.1) + (12) + (3 × 16) = 100.1 gmol-1

Hence, 1 mole of CaCO3 contains 100.1g of CaCO3.
Therefore, 7.4375 × 10−3 moles will contain [100.1 × 7.4375 × 10−3 ]g.
Hence, the mass of calcium carbonate present in the antacid tablet is 0.74g
DISCUSSION:

A back titration is a titration in which a reagent is added to a solution containing the analyte
and the excess reagent remaining after its reaction with the analyte is determined by titration.
In this lab, the reaction of the antacid tablet containing calcium carbonate being added to a
standardized solution of hydrochloric acid and heated is CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) +
CO2(g) + H2O(l) The antacid was added to excess HCl(aq) in an attempt to ensure that the
reaction with the calcium carbonate ( a sparingly soluble salt) goes to completion. The excess
acid then reacts with sodium hydroxide as follows: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

SOURCES OF ERROR:

 Reaction time may have caused a delay between the time there was a colour
change and the time the tap was turned off.
 Parallax error
 Not rinsing burette or cleaning apparatus appropriately
 Transfer of liquids may result in inaccurate results
 The use of coloured antacid tablets would have affected the colour and visibility
of the endpoint colour

LIMITATIONS:

 Different people perceive colour differently hence end points may vary.
 Accuracy of measuring instruments
 White antacid tablets were not available hence, coloured tablets were used
 All of the antacid might not have dissolved in the hydrochloric acid.

PRECAUTIONS:

 Take all readings at eye level

 Do many titrations to get more accurate results and reduce reaction time error
 Use the same number of drops of indicator for each solution you are testing
 The conical flask should be held against a white tile when titrating to ensure that
any colour changes in the reaction are immediately detected.

CONCLUSION: The mass of calcium carbonate in a commercial antacid is was found to be 0.74g.