A physical developmental milestone on early childhood is that the child can hop and skipping

themselves. “Eventually, upper and lower body skills combine into more effective actions (Haywood &
Getchell, 2005),” (Berk, 2013, Chp. 5.1). The child can use the skills of walking and standing alone into,
so they can do these motions all by themselves. Another milestone for an Early Childhood is they can
ride a bicycle with training wheels. They can use their brain development to focus on learning to use
press on the pedals to be able to move the bike and turn it in the direction they want it to move as they
are riding the bicycle.

A language developmental milestone for Early Childhood is that the child can make more
intricate constructions. “First, connectives appear, joining whole sentences (“Mom picked me up, and
we went to the park”) and verb phrases (“I got up and ate breakfast”),” (Berk, 2013, Chp 9.6). The child
can increase their vocabulary and learn the rules of their native language to complete sentences that are
understandable to the people that are listening to them. Another milestone is to be able to fully
understand simple questions that are being asked and can answer them in a correct way.

A cognitive developmental milestone in the stage od Early Childhood is planning. “These

findings—and others—indicate marked gains in planning around 5 years of age (Hudson, Sosa, &
Shapiro, 1997),” (Berk, 2013, Chp. 7.4). Children can understand planning and the sequence that it
involves in simple steps and familiar activities they have already completed. Another milestone is
utilization deficiency. With this the child is able use strategies when completing activities with
themselves and others around them.

A social-emotional milestone is that empathy is being more recognized in this child at this stage
on their life. The child can begin to understand why they feel a certain way and why a per or parent feel
a certain way even if its not how they child feels. Another milestone is they are beginning to understand
cause and effect. When interacting with people in their daily lives they know certain behaviors are
expected and if they don’t behave like expected they are consequences for them.

When looking into milestones for a child at this age regarding their self-regulation they can be
they beginning use strategies to regulate their emotions. This will help the children be able to think
about how they are feeling and react in an appropriate way instead of acting before they think. Another
milestone for self-regulation is to know how to handle certain situations. The child may know something
that is going to make the upset but they’re learning to control their feelings so they can also help
another child not become upset as well.

An atypical sign of development for child that are in the early childhood stage is having a
language impairment. “Estimates of language impairment vary widely and range from 2 % to 20 % across
preschoolers, kindergarteners, and older children and adolescents (ImBolter and Cohen 2007; Law et al.
2000),” (Arsalidou&Im-Bolter, 2017, p.1219). Children being able to understand and communicate is an
important language milestone and without understanding of language can be a sign of atypical
development can increase the amount of physical activity is being done. One more atypical sign is if the
child is unable to self-regulate their emotions. The child may need help in forming strategies on how to
handle their emotions and handle them in the correct positive way.

A social factor that can influence this child at this stage in their life if interaction with peers and
teachers. A child learns from their surroundings so being in a school setting can positively influence the
child in many ways at this stage. A cultural factor that influence a child at this stage is how they parents
interact with their children and their home language that is spoken in the home and the language that is
spoken in school. A child that is born in one country with certain beliefs but goes to school on a country
where their native language isn’t the spoken language this could influence their experience with
language development.

One way that families can influence the development during Early Childhood stage they
important and can use running, jumping and learning to pedal a bike can help increase the child physical
development. Another way a family can help development is to encourage language development at
this stage. The parents can make a game by creating a word wall in the house and can add and focus on
new words once they have mastered the words for the beginning of the activity.

Reference

Arsalidou, M., & Im-Bolter, N. (2017). Why parametric measures are critical for understanding typical
and atypical cognitive development. Brain Imaging & Behavior, 11(4), 1214–1224. https://doi-org.proxy-
library.ashford.edu/10.1007/s11682-016-9592-8

Berk, L. E. (2013). Child development. (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Retrieved from
https://content.ashford.edu/

Image One retrieved from https://doodlewash.files.wordpress.com/2017/01/day-23-training-wheels-

childs-bike-bicycle1.jpg

Image two retrieved from http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ojq681g-aa0/Uvpp-

LWa7dI/AAAAAAAAFSc/G0PL9AAmDDQ/s1600/highres_296844462.jpeg