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Proof of Concept

Presentation
Emily Friswell
Dissertation Enquiry

How Gender is presented in Hollywood.


Chapter 3 Case Studies

● Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)- gender representation in a Hollywood film

● Alien (1979)- example of female representation in Hollywood / feminism

● The Danish Girl (2015)- transgender representation (transgender


character played by cisgender actor)
Key Themes / Issues
○ Representation of men in Hollywood
■ Hypermasculinity
■ Stereotypes through the ages

○ Representation of women in Hollywood


■ Hyperfemininity
■ Female lead roles
■ Pay gap

○ Representation of transgender people in Hollywood


■ Transgender characters played by transgender actors vs cisgender
actors
Theoretical ○ Judith Butler- Gender theory
- gender is a social construct
Frameworks ○ Cindy Sherman- American
photographer and film director
& Their Theorists - explores identity and femininity
through her images
○ Sandra Bem- Gender schema theory
- a cognitive theory to explain how
individuals become gendered in
society
○ Alison Bechdel- The Bechdel Test
- a test that measures of
representation of women in fiction
○ Laura Mulvey- The Male Gaze
- in cinema (Hollywood) we are shown
things from the male perspective only
● Gender trouble by Judith Butler (Butler, 2006)

5 Books
○ Why? This book outlines Butler’s theories
regarding gender- questioning masculinity /
femininity and gender as a social
performance/construct
● Contemporary Hollywood Masculinities: Gender,
Genre, and Politics by Susanne Kord and Elisabeth
Krimmer (Kord + Krimmer, 2011) [e-book]
○ Why? This book talks about male archetypes and
masculinity in Hollywood films from 1992 to 2008.
● Cracks in the pedestal: Ideology and Gender in
Hollywood by Philip Green (Green, 1998) [e-book]
& why they’re useful ○ Why? This book discusses men’s and women’s
roles in Hollywood
● Feminism and film by E. Ann. Kaplan (Kaplan, 2000)
○ Why? Include Laura Mulvey’s ‘Visual Pleasure and
Narrative Cinema’ which discusses the male gaze.
● Alien Woman: The Making of Lt. Ellen Ripley by
Ximena C. Gallardo and C. Jason Smith (Gallardo and
Smith, 2004) [e-book]
○ Why? Discusses Sigourney Weaver’s character
Ripley as a ‘feminist icon’
3 Journal Articles ● Gender schema theory: A cognitive account
of sex typing. (Bem, 1981)
○ Why? This Journal Article was written by
Sandra Bem for Psychological Review in
1981 and discusses her idea of gender
schema theory

● The Bechdel Test and the Social Form of


Character Networks (Selisker, 2015)
○ Why? Defines and discusses The Bechdel
& why they’re useful Test

● Mad Max: Fury Road- Challenging narrative


and gender representation in the action genre
(K Barrett, 2017)
○ Why? Discusses Mad Max and its gender
representation- how the female
protagonist becomes the lead role
2 Websites ● Dazed- Your Ultimate Guide to Cindy
Sherman (2016)
http://www.dazeddigital.com/photography/article/
32147/1/your-ultimate-guide-to-cindy-sherman
(Dazed. Freeman, A, 2016)
○ Why? Outlines the work of Cindy
Sherman

● Forbes- Everything you need to know about


& why they’re useful the hollywood pay gap (2015)
https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2015/1
1/12/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-holl
ywood-pay-gap/#2d4fcc3c5cf1 (Forbes. Berg, M,
2015)
○ Why? Outlines the issue of the pay gap in
Hollywood
1 Documentary

● In search of the ideal male - Made in


Hollywood (2014)

○ Why? Discusses the male image in


Hollywood through the decades
& why it’s useful ○ Talks about how there used to be a
strong stereotype, but now there is
much more variety
3 Key Images

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

Imperator Furiosa- Female Ripley (Sigourney Weaver)- Eddie Redmayne in The Danish
protagonist in Mad Max: Fury female lead role in Alien Girl
Road

Why? Use as a visual of the character Why? Use as a visual of the character Why? Use as a visual of the character
when talking about Mad Max when talking about Alien when talking about The Danish girl
Bibliography (1)

● Barrett, K. (2017) ‘Mad Max: Fury Road- Challenging narrative and gender representation in the action genre’ In: Media
Education Journal [online] At:
https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/11759/Mad%20Max.pdf?sequence=18&isAllowed=y
(Accessed on 26 January 2019)
● Bem, S. (1981) ‘Gender Schema Theory: A cognitive account of Sex Typing’ In: Psychological Review Vol. 88, No 4,
354-364 [online] At: https://www.ahcafr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/gender_schema_theory.pdf (Accessed on 23
January 2019)
● Butler, J. (2006) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Florence: Routledge.
● Dazed. Freeman, A. (2016) Your Ultimate Guide to Cindy Sherman. At:
http://www.dazeddigital.com/photography/article/32147/1/your-ultimate-guide-to-cindy-sherman (Accessed on 23 January
2019)
● Forbes. Berg, M. (2015) Everything You Need To KNow About The Hollywood Pay Gap At:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/maddieberg/2015/11/12/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-hollywood-pay-gap/#2d4fcc3
c5cf1 (Accessed on 23 January 2019)
Bibliography (2)

● Gallardo, X,C and Smith, C,J. (2004) Alien Woman: The Making of Lt. Ellen Ripley [online] At:
https://www-screenstudies-com.ucreative.idm.oclc.org/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781501340598 (Accessed on 26 January 2019)
● Green, P (1998) Cracks in the Pedestal: Ideology and Gender in Hollywood [online] At:
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PpkoNOAPtqYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false (Accessed on 26 January
2019)
● In search of the ideal male- Made in Hollywood (2014) [television programme online] SkyArts1. At:
https://estream.ucreative.ac.uk/View.aspx?id=11859~5l~EnkSm7Sjrj (Accessed on 23 January 2019)
● Kord, S & Krimmer, E. (2011) Contemporary Hollywood Masculinities: Gender, Genre, and Politics [online] At:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ucreative-ebooks/detail.action?docID=858911# (Accessed on 23 January 2019)
● Mulvey, L. (2000) ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’ In: Kaplan, E.A. (ed.) Oxford Readings in Feminism Feminism and
Film. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. pp. 34-47.
● Selisker, S. (2015) ‘The Bechdel Test and the Social Form of Character Networks’ In: New Literary History Vol. 46, Iss. 3
[online] At:
https://search-proquest-com.ucreative.idm.oclc.org/docview/1749277112/fulltextPDF/F29E92D7AEA6455APQ/1?accountid=14
178 (Accessed on 23 January 2019)
Illustration List

Figure 1. Imperator Furiosa (2015) [film still] At: http://www.1zoom.me/en/wallpaper/427884/z1294/1680x1050


(Accessed on 26 January 2019)

Figure 2. Ripley (1979) [film still] At: https://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3394134/alien-covenant-bombshell-kinds-whoa/


(Accessed on 26 January 2019)

Figure 3. The Danish Girl (2015) [film still] At: https://www.biography.com/news/eddie-redmayne-the-danish-girl-interview


(Accessed on 26 January 2019)

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