MP Sorong

09 – 19/1
December 2009

DRAFT FINAL REPORT Masterplan PT. Tirta Remu Sorong

Summary
General
PT. Tirta Remu was founded in early of 2002 is a joint venture company between
Indowater, BV and Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Sorong/Water Supply
Company of Sorong City. The location of PT. Tirta Remu is in Sorong city. Concession
area of PT. Tirta Remu is whole area of Sorong City.
The average number of persons per household in Sorong City is 5 (five) persons and
base on data from Statistical Department.
Existing infrastructure description
The total number of employees of PT. Tirta Remu is 57 persons, divided into 2 (two)
divisions: General and Technical. At this moment PT. Tirta Remu use 5 water sources for
fulfill water demand consisting of 2 rivers and 3 springs. The quality of water sources is
below standard quality of clean water especially turbidity is high and which happens in wet
season. The capacity of water sources will decrease significant in the dry season. The
availability of new water sources for water supply for PT. Tirta Remu in the future is
limited, based on consultant investigation the possible water source to be used for PT.
Tirta Remu water supply development is making deep wells, but to make deep wells,
requires further investigation and study..
At this moment PT. Tirta Remu has 1 (one) water production facility, which located in
HBM pumping station. The capacity of this WTP is 150 l/s and the elevation is + 61m MSL
and supplies to 10,441 connections in Sorong City. At this moment for distribution water to
customers, PT. Tirta Remu uses 12 (twelve) reservoirs distribution. The reservoirs are
located in HBM, Remu, Klademak, Kampung Baru, Rufei and Malanu area. At this
moment only 8 (eight) reservoir are in operation. The transmission and distribution
network have a total length of 223,252 m’, which consists of various pipe materials and
diameters. The years of installation the transmission and distribution system is from 1993
to 2008. PT. Tirta Remu distribution zones are based on the area; there are 13 delivery
zones. 34.9% of the people in concession area have connection from PT. Tirta Remu.
Water tariff applied in PT. Tirta Remu still the water tariff of PDAM and need to be revised.
Development Plan
The existing water consumption in PT. Tirta Remu is estimated at 87 liter/capita/day, which
will increase to 120 liter/capita/day over a period of 15 years. This is based on the average
water consumption in other similar cities in Indonesia (98 ‐ 130 liter/capita/day). Based on
the water demand prognosis, the coverage of water supply services in Sorong will increase
from 34.9% in 2008 to 79% in 2020 and total non‐revenue water will decrease from 55 % in
2008 to 17 % in 2020.The development period of this master plan is set on a 12-years
basis. The implementation schedule of PT. Tirta Remu water supply infrastructure
development is divided into 3 phases:
• Phase 1: period of 2009 – 2010.

• Phase 2: period of 2011 – 2015.
• Phase 3: period of 2015 – 2020
PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT SUM - i


Each phase is divided into yearly implementation stages, which means the system, will be
gradually improved, and rehabilitated every year simultaneously. The scope of work for
infrastructure development is divided into 4 groups:
a. Water sources; The capacity of water sources at this moment can fulfill water demand
until the end of development period. But for alternative water sources in Sorong, deep
well is one of solution for potential water sources. This has still to be confirm by
investigation and study.
b. Production plants and storages; the existing production unit in PT. Tirta Remu still
can coverage water demand but need some rehabilitation in filter, pump and piping
system. The capacity of reservoir is not enough for covering water demand. Because of
that in year 2020 a new reservoir distribution will be constructed with capacity 500 m3
and as alternative the existing Slow Sand Filter in Klademak may be used as a
reservoir.
c. Transmission and distribution; the development activities are implement additional

transmission pipe from Intake Remu to WTP HBM as long as 300 m’ ø 300mm,
implement rehabilitation pipes from WTP HBM to Reservoir Klademak and in Kampung
Baru area. Install district meters at the outlet of reservoirs and interconnecting pipes
between supply zones; Install a district meter of ND 50 mm for each sub supply zone.
d. Connections and others; In the whole period of implementation the number of

connection will increase to 22,532 connection and it will be implement in 3 (three)
stages. First stage (2009-2010), 15,014 connections. This phase is including RNE
program, second stage (2011-2015), 2,671 connections, and third stage (2016-2020),
4,874 connections
The total investment cost are estimated at Rp. 45,520 billions, or Euro 3,035 millions for
alternative 1 and for alternative the total cost estimation is Rp. 31,930 billions, or Euro
2,129. This value includes the 21,914 new house connections. This means the average
price per new house connection will be approximately Rp. 2,217 million, which is ca. Euro
147 for alternative 1 and for alternative 2 Rp. 1,555 million, which is ca. Euro 103,‐
PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

SUM - ii

Table of Contents
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................I
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................II
INDEX OF TABLES................................................................................................................ IV
INDEX OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. V
GLOSSARY............................................................................................................................ VI
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Limiting Condition............................................................................................................ 1
1.4 Document Lay Out .......................................................................................................... 2
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA ..........................................................................3
2.1 General ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Physical Condition........................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Topography ............................................................................................................4
2.2.2 Climate and Rainfall ...............................................................................................4
2.2.3 Geology ..................................................................................................................5
2.2.4 Hydrogeology .........................................................................................................5
2.2.5 Hydrology ...............................................................................................................6
2.3 Population and Demography........................................................................................... 6
2.4 Socio-Economy Condition............................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 General...................................................................................................................7
2.4.2 Household Income and Expenditures.....................................................................8
2.4.3 Willingness to Pay ..................................................................................................8
2.4.4 Affordability to Pay..................................................................................................8
3. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM................................................................................9
3.1 Organizational Structure ................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Sources of Water ............................................................................................................ 9
3.2.1 Spring ...................................................................................................................10
3.2.2 Surface Water.......................................................................................................10
3.3 Production Units............................................................................................................ 11
3.4 Storage Facilities........................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Transmission and Distribution....................................................................................... 14
3.6 Water Delivery Zones.................................................................................................... 15
3.7 Connection, Customers and Water Tariff...................................................................... 15
3.7.1 Connections and Customers Categories ..............................................................15
3.7.2 Service Coverage .................................................................................................16
3.7.3 Water Tariff System ..............................................................................................16
4. WATER DEMAND PROGNOSIS .......................................................................................18
4.1 Population and Connection Development..................................................................... 18
4.2 Water Demand Development Criteria ........................................................................... 18
4.3 Service Coverage.......................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Water Consumption ...................................................................................................... 19
4.5 Non-Revenue Water ..................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Total Prognosis ............................................................................................................. 20
5. BALANCING WATER DEMAND AND PRODUCTION ......................................................22
5.1 Water Balance Calculation............................................................................................ 22

ii

5.2 Non-Revenue Water (NRW) ......................................................................................... 24
5.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 24
6. OPTIONS FOR WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT .........................................................26
6.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 26
6.2 Option for Water Sources.............................................................................................. 27
6.3 Option for production units ............................................................................................ 27
6.4 Option for storage facilities............................................................................................ 28
6.5 Option for development network ................................................................................... 30
6.6 Option for development connection .............................................................................. 31
6.7 Overall development implementation schedule ............................................................ 34
7. COST ESTIMATION ..........................................................................................................35
7.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 35
8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................37
8.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 37
8.2 Recommendation .......................................................................................................... 37
Appendix.
Appendix. A Map of Irian Jaya Barat Province
Appendix. B Map of Project Area
Appendix. C Map of Geological Condition
Appendix. D Map of Hydro geological Condition
Appendix. E Map of Hydrology Condition
Appendix. F Organizational Structure of PT. Tirta Remu
Appendix G Photograph Documentation
Appendix. H Map of Transmission and Distribution
Appendix. I Water Demand Prognosis
Appendix. J Existing Schematic of PT. Tirta Remu
Appendix. K Future Schematic System of PT. Tirta Remu Phase 1 (2010)
Appendix. L Future Schematic System of PT. Tirta Remu Phase 2 (2015)
Appendix. M Future Schematic System of PT. Tirta Remu Phase 3 (2020)
Appendix. N Estimate Quantity of Alternative 1
Appendix. O Cost Estimation of Alternative 1
Appendix. P Estimate Quantity of Alternative 2
Appendix. Q Cost Estimation of Alternative 2

iii

Index of Tables
TABLE 2.1 RAIN FALL OF SORONG CITY ......................................................................................5
TABLE 2.2 NAME OF RIVER IN PT. TIRTA REMU AREA ..................................................................6
TABLE 2.3 POPULATION IN SORONG CITY IN YEARS 2008............................................................6
TABLE 2.4 POPULATION PER YEARS ............................................................................................7
TABLE 2.5 WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR MONTHLY WATER CONSUMPTION ......................................8
TABLE 2.6 AFFORDABILITY TO PAY..............................................................................................8
TABLE 3.1 CAPACITY OF SOURCES IN PT. TIRTA REMU .............................................................11
TABLE 3.2 INTAKE REMU EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................11
TABLE 3.3 HBM WTP EQUIPMENT............................................................................................12
TABLE 3.4. EXISTING STORAGE FACILITIES ...............................................................................14
TABLE 3.5 EXISTING TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ............................................14
TABLE 3.6 EXISTING ZONE........................................................................................................15
TABLE 3.7 NUMBER OF CUSTOMERS CATEGORIES ....................................................................16
TABLE. 3.8. EXISTING SERVICE COVERAGE ...............................................................................16
TABLE. 3.9 WATER TARIFFS CATEGORY, YEAR 2008.................................................................17
TABLE 4.1 POPULATION PROJECTION........................................................................................18
TABLE 4.2 CONNECTION DEVELOPMENT (2008 – 2020) ............................................................18
TABLE 4.3 CRITERIA FOR WATER DEMAND PROGNOSIS .............................................................19
TABLE 4.4 COVERAGE DEVELOPMENT (2008 – 2020)................................................................19
TABLE 5.1 EXISTING DEMAND VS. PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN PT. TIRTA REMU ............................22
TABLE 6.1 BALANCING DEMAND VS PRODUCTION PT. TIRTA REMU PHASE 1 IN 2009 – 2010......28
TABLE 6.4 STORAGE FOR PT. TIRTA REMU PHASE I (2009 - 2010) ............................................29
TABLE 6.5 STORAGE FOR PT. TIRTA REMU PHASE II (2011 - 2015) ...........................................29
TABLE 6.6 STORAGE FOR PT. TIRTA REMU PHASE III (2016 - 2020) ..........................................30
TABLE 6.7: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ...........................34
TABLE 7.1: SUMMARY OF PT. TIRTA REMU INVESTMENT COST ESTIMATION (ALTERNATIVE 1) ......35
TABLE 7.2: SUMMARY OF PT. TIRTA REMU INVESTMENT COST ESTIMATION (ALTERNATIVE 2) ......36

iv

Index of Figures

FIGURE 2.1 MAP OF IRIAN JAYA BARAT PROVINCE ......................................................................3

FIGURE 2.2 MAP OF PROJECT AREA ...........................................................................................4
FIGURE 2.3 FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES IN SORONG CITY ....................................................................7
FIGURE 3.1 LOCATION OF EXISTING WATER SOURCES PT. TIRTA REMU ......................................9
FIGURE 3.2 LOCATION OF RESERVOIR PT. TIRTA REMU ............................................................13
FIGURE 4.1 GRAPH OF PT. TIRTA REMU WATER DEMAND PROGNOSIS ........................................21
FIGURE 5.1 EXISTING SCHEMATIC OF WATER BALANCE SYSTEM IN PT. TIRTA REMU ...................23
FIGURE 6.1 DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONNECTION .....................................................................32
FIGURE 6.2 STANDARD DESIGN OF NEW CONNECTION ...............................................................33

v

Glossary
RNE : Royal Netherland Embassy
NRW : Non Revenue of Water
PDAM : Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (Local Water Company)
MSL : Meter above Sea Level
BPS : Biro Pusat Statistik (Statistical Bureau)
BPAM : Badan Pengelola Air Minum (water board under the National Public Work)
GNP : Gross National Product
Lpcd : Liter per capita (per) day
Lps : Liter per second
WTP : Water Treatment Plant
RSF : Rapid Sand Filter
SSF : Slow Sand Filter

vi

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In the beginning of 2002, NV Waterleiding Maatschappij Drenthe (WMD) considered to co-

operate with PDAM Sorong to develop and extend water supply services in its area.
WMD, through the fully subsidiary Indowater BV and a group of PDAM from this region,
planned to establish water supply cooperation called Tirta Papua BV, which should
execute the water development activities for Sorong city.
The joint venture company was called PT. Tirta Remu with shares composition is 51 % of
Indowater and 49 % of PDAM of Sorong City.
1.2 Objectives
The objectives and outcome of this Master Plan are:

• To identify and updating the existing Sorong water supply system in regard to technical,
financial and operational aspects
• To investigate the real faced problem concerning the technical scheme
• To conclude solutions on the improvement of operational aspects
• To give a projection on water demand, development of resources, production,
treatment units and network
• To propose an option for development of the water supply system for the coming 15
years
• To give cost estimate and an implementation schedule for the proposed activities, and
• To give recommendation for the better functioning of the system
1.3 Limiting Condition

The limiting conditions in preparing this master plan are:
• Limited technical data in PT. Tirta Remu, covering raw water volume, water produced,
water sold, and non-revenue water.
• Limited data about water production and distribution, because not all water production
and distribution units are equipped with good working water meters.
• The performance of the existing system with regard to service to the customers is still
low,
• Limitation of the network to extend the service in the un-covered areas,
• Limitation of production capacity to serve the customers well.

1

1.4 Document Lay Out
The rest of the document consists of the following chapters:
Chapter 2 describes the project area.
Chapter 3 describes the existing water supply system in Sorong.
Chapter 4 presents the water demand prognosis.
Chapter 5 presents the balance between water demand and production.
Chapter 6 describes options for water supply development.
Chapter 7 gives the cost estimations.
Chapter 8 presents complementary recommendations.

2

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA
2.1 General

Sorong is one of the regencies in Irian Jaya island Sorong city is the biggest city in Irian
Jaya Barat (West Papua) province, located in the west part of Irian Jaya Island.
In geographic view, Sorong city is located between 131o 15' East Longitude - 0o 45' North
Longitude. Geographical location of Sorong is as following borders:
The map of Irian Jaya Barat Province is shown in Figure 2.1 below and for detail is shown
in Appendix A.
Sorong City
Figure 2.1 Map of Irian Jaya Barat Province
Project Area Location
The project boundaries within which the WMD will work are equal to the PT. Tirta Remu
concession area. PT. Tirta Remu concession area is located in the Sorong City area.
Sorong City area covers 5 districts: Sorong Barat, Sorong Timur, Sorong, Sorong
Kepulauan and Sorong Utara with a total area of 1.105 Km2. The map of the PT. Tirta
Remu concession area is shown in Figure 2.2 below. The detail of administrative map of
Sorong is shown in Appendix B.

3

Figure 2.2 Map of Project Area
2.2 Physical Condition
2.2.1 Topography
In general the topographic condition in Sorong City is separated in two areas a flat and a
hilly area. Seventy procent of the houses in Sorong are located in flat area.
The average slope in Sorong is between 10% and 20%. The lowerst area in Sorong City
has a level of + 2m MSL and the highest area has level + 66m MSL.
2.2.2 Climate and Rainfall

The climate in Sorong is tropical and has two seasons; a dry season and a wet season.
The climate of Sorong is influenced by seasonal changes related to the surrounding sea.
The rainy season is from April till December and the dry season is from January till March.
The air humidity varies from 83,75% to 94,83% and the temperature varies between 23.2o
C and 32.60 C. The highest rainfall, recorded in July 2007 is 921 mm and the lowest, in
April 2007 is 143 mm. Detailed rainfall figures between 2005 and 2007 are shown in Table
2.1.

4

Table 2.1 Rain Fall of Sorong City

Years
Month 2005 2006 2007
Rain Rainy Rain Rainy Rain Rainy
Fall Days Fall Days Fall Days
January 55 17 254 27 253 14
February 75 15 156 14 143 13
March 132 15 317 16 262 12
April 266 23 190 16 321 19
May 239 21 80 5 322 19
June 395 25 125 12 538 26
July 228 20 201 15 921 23
August 136 14 224 5 276 27
September 113 15 393 19 301 17
October 370 22 7 4 450 24
November 186 20 165 12 230 12
December 342 23 59 11 407 19
Total 2.537 230 2.171 156 4.424 225
Sources: Sorong in Figure, 2008
2.2.3 Geology

The Sorong Fault Zone is a major left-lateral fault system separating Australia from the
Philippine Sea Plate and the Molucca Sea Plate. The fault zone juxtaposes Mesozoic-
Tertiary continental and arc/ophiolitic rocks. Continental crust was derived from the
Australian margin. Crust of Philippine Sea Plate origin has a basement of ophiolitic and/or
arc origin.
Sorong has more than 10 unit lithology formation. There is Kemun Formation that consist
of metamorphic rocks, Faumai formation that consist of calcarenite etc., Volcanic Rocks of
Dore Mts in the Miocene age and consist of lava andesite until basalt, breccia etc.,
Sagewin Formation that predominantly consist of calccrenite families, Klasafet Formation
that consist of napal and mud-rocks, Klasaman Formation, Sorong Granite, Breccia
Yefman, Ultamafic rocks, Klasilutit, undifferentiated, Sele conglomerates, and alluvium
deposit and litoral. For geological condition in Sorong is shown in Appendix. C
2.2.4 Hydrogeology

Based on hydrogeology conditions, Sorong area can be divided into 4 classifications i.e.
• High groundwater potential is covered at the east lowland and west highland. Water
table is 0.5 – 2.5 m below ground level. Water quality is brackish.
• Moderate groundwater potential covers water table 1 – 5 m below ground surface.
Water quality is bad, except in the fissures system.
• Small groundwater potential covers hilly and mountains slope at the northern, eastern,
and southern area of the Sorong city. Water table is 2.5 – 7 m below ground surface.
Water quality is good and this area is dominated by breccia, andesite, basalt,
limestone, and sandstone.
• Area without groundwater potential includes the tops of hills and mountains.

5

Appendix. D shows the hydro geological condition in Sorong.
2.2.5 Hydrology

In PT. Tirta Remu concession area, there are 5 (five) rivers, see Table 2.2. Generally
most of the rivers have a big fluctuation in the yield especially in the dry season, the yield
of some rivers completely drops to zero. The water quality of this river is already affected
by human activities because especially on Sundays people living in the neighbourhood
use this river for washing, and bathing activities.
Table 2.2 Name of river in PT. Tirta Remu Area

Catchments Capacity*
No. Name of River
Area (km2) (l/s)
1 Remu River 40 300
2 Rufei River 55 133
3 Warsamsom River Undefined 3,500
4 Klawilis River >20 300
5 Kladuk River Unpredicted Na
Source: Sorong Water Supply Master Plan, 2005
Note *) measure in wet seasson
2.3 Population and Demography
End 2008, the population of Sorong was 163,483, figure resulting from population census.
Compared to the population of 2004, this results in an average growth rate of 1.7 % per
year. In 2009 the population of Sorong City is concentrated in the town centre of the
Sorong district and 33% from the total population of Sorong. In the future development of
houses in Sorong City will be concentrated in Sorong Timur area because in this area the
possibilities build houses is favourable and this area has a lot of supporting facilities for
new houses. The number of population in Sorong in 2008 is shown in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Population in Sorong City in Years 2008

Population
Population Area Number of
No District Density per house
(Cap) (Km2) House Hold
hold
Sorong
1 8.440 200 1.688 42,20 5
Kepulauan
2 Sorong Barat 32.110 255 6.422 125,92 5
3 Sorong 55.655 200 9.276 278,28 6
4 Sorong Timur 37.121 250 7.424 148,48 5
5 Sorong Utara 30.517 200 7.629 152,59 4
Total 163.843 1.105 32.439 148,27
Average 5
Sources: BPS Sorong City, 2008
For population development per year from year 2006 until 2008 is shown in Table 2.4
below.

6

Table 2.4 Population per Years
No Years Population
1 2006 154.206
2 2007 157.568
3 2008 163.843
2.4 Socio-Economy Condition
2.4.1 General

The Socio economy data for Sorong City is not available because there’s no socio
economic survey in Sorong City to know the figure about household income and
expenditure, willingness to pay, affordability to pay for water bill and monthly water
consumption. In this Master Plan is only show about Gross Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) for a figure socio economic condition in Sorong City. To get the real condition for
affordability to pay for water bill, it is need a survey about that.
According to statistical data of 2007, the Sorong city GRDP in 2007 is 1.869 billion rupiahs
and in 2006 1.636 billion rupiahs, it’s shown increasing 14.25 % in one year. The
manufacturing industries sector contributed 25,96 % to GPRD and 16,58 % is contributed
from trade, hotel and restaurant sector. The Sorong city economic growth rate in year
2006 and 2007 each are 15.47 % and 14.25 %. With that growth rate, Sorong City per
capita GPRD are 7.225 billion rupiah in year 2006 and 7.310 billion rupiah in year 2007 or
increased 1,21 %.The figure of main sector of financial activity is shown in Figure 2.3.
Figure 2.3 Financial Activities in Sorong City


7

2.4.2 Household Income and Expenditures
There’s no available data for household income and expenditure figure in Sorong City, it is
need survey for detail
2.4.3 Willingness to Pay
For Household category, willingness to pay for monthly water consumption of the
respondents is distributed in a range of Rp. 3,000 to Rp. 5,000, where 97.25% of them are
willing to pay.
Table 2.5 Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water Consumption

Range of Household Category
Payment Frequency Percentage
< 3,000 174 47,93%
3,001 to 5,000 179 49,32%
> 5,000 10 2,75%
Total 363 100,00%
Source: Socio-Economic Survey, January 2009
2.4.4 Affordability to Pay
Based on socio-economic survey by De La Salle University, affordability to pay average in

range Rp. 3,000 to Rp. 5,000, where 61.98% respondent want to pay. Table 2.6 show
about affordability to pay in Sorong.
Table 2.6 Affordability to Pay

Range of Household Category
Payment Frequency Percentage
< 3,000 103 47,93%
3,001 to 5,000 225 49,32%
> 5,000 35 2,75%
Total 363 100,00%
Source: Socio-Economic Survey, January 2009

8

3. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
3.1 Organizational Structure
The total numbers of employees of PT. Tirta Remu are 131 persons, who are divided into
two departments and one internal bureau. The department levels are General and
Technical departments. PT. Tirta Remu is headed by a Managing director. The duties of
the departments are respectively:
1. General Department ( 60 employees)

The general department is divided into 4 (four) divisions, they are: finance, bookkeeper,
customer service, and general.
2. Technical Department (71 employees)

The operational process, preparation and planning, production and distribution and
also maintenance are all reflected in the structure of this department.
For organizational structure of PT. Tirta Remu is shown in Appendix. E and for
photograph documentation is shown in Appendix. F.
3.2 Sources of Water

In 2009 PT. Tirta Remu uses 5 water sources to fulfill the water demand, 2 rivers, and 3
springs. The quality of water resources is below the Indonesian standard quality for clean
water especially in the wet season. The turbidity of the river is high in this season. The
capacity of water sources decreases significantly in the dry season. The description of
each water sources is given in the next paragraph. The Map location of water sources in
PT. Tirta Remu is shown in Figure 3.1.
Figure 3.1 Location of Existing Water Sources PT. Tirta Remu


9

3.2.1 Spring
1. Malanu Spring 1
Malanu spring is located in Malanu Village with an elevation of + 101m MSL. The safe
yield of this spring is 5 l/sec based on information from PT. Tirta Remu. This yield was
however measured in the rainy season. The capacity of this spring in the dry season will
decrease considerably. Besides that, Malanu Spring also has a quality problem, because
in the wet season the turbidity from this spring increases significantly. The Malanu spring
is equipped with a spring captation. Because this spring capture is uncovered often many
debris like wood and stone enters the capture.
2. Malanu Spring 2
The Malanu 2 Spring is close to the Malanu 1 Spring and located in Malanu village. The
elevation of Malanu 2 spring is + 93m MSL. The safe yield of the spring is 4 l/sec. The
spring is equipped with a spring capitation. The water quality of the spring is good. The
turbidity is low and is directly supplied to the customers, but the problem is that the
Malanu 2 Spring and Malanu 1 Spring are connected with each other by a pipe and during
the wet season when turbidity in Malanu 1 Spring increases, these worsen the quality of
the Malanu 2 Spring.
3. Rufei Spring
Rufei spring is a small spring owned by PT. Tirta Remu. Rufei Spring is located in Rufei
village with an elevation of +21m MSL. The yield of the spring is 3 l/sec and in the dry
season, the yield drop completely to zero. This spring is during the dry season not
operated. The water quality of the spring is good and is directly supplied to the customers.
3.2.2 Surface Water
1. Remu River
The Remu River is the main river in the PT. Tirta Remu concession area. The river is used
as main water source. The safe yield is 300 l/s. The intake is constructed from concrete at
level of + 20m MSL. The turbidity in the rainy season is high. An important threat to the
quality of the source are the washing, swimming and bathing activities of the local
population mainly on Sundays.
2. Rufei River
Rufei River is located in Rufei village with an elevation of +113m MSL. This river is the
second river used by PT. Tirta Remu as a water source. The safe yield is 10 l/s. The
turbidity of the river is high especially in the wet season. This situation is caused by
serious illegal logging in the catchment area. From this river the water is direct supplied to
the customers without treatment. In the dry season is this not a problem because the
turbidity is very low but in the wet season it becomes a problem because the turbidity is
high. For that reason, the intake of water from this source is stopped during the rainy
season.
The capacity of PT. Tirta Remu water sources is summarized in Table 3.1.

10

Table 3.1 Capacity of Sources in PT. Tirta Remu
No Name of Sources Type of Sources Capacity (l/sec)
1 Remu River 300
2 Rufei River 10
3 Malanu 1 Spring 5
4 Malanu 2 Spring 4
5 Rufei Spring 3
Total 322
Sources: PT. Tirta Remu, 2008
Beside springs and rivers, PT. Tirta Remu also has a deep well but is since 2005 not
operated anymore because when the deep well is operated this disturbs other private
wells near the location of the well.
3.3 Production Units
PT. Tirta Remu have 3 (three) units system for fulfill water demand in Sorong City. In the
following paragraph will be explained about all unit system in PT. Tirta Remu.
A. Unit System HBM
Unit system HBM is the main unit system PT. Tirta Remu has. This unit are equip with
intake in Remu River and production plant in HBM. Intake Remu was constructing with
concrete structure and equip with transport pump and generator set for supply electricity.
From intake, raw water will be transport to HBM production unit by GIP pipe with diameter
300 mm as long as 300 m’. The equipment in Intake Remu is shown in Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2 Intake Remu Equipment

No Description Manfct./year Power(Kw) Capacity (l/s) Remark
1 Intake Pump P-101 Ajax Elite/1997 75 66 New

2 Intake Pump P-102(WMD) Ebara Corp./2004 75 66 Existing
3 Intake Pump P-103(IJB) Ebara/Teco/2004 75 66 Existing
4 Electric utility 2
Total 227
The HBM WTP is located at an elevation of + 61m MSL in Sorong City. Remu River
provides raw water for HBM treatment plant using a compacted system with a capacity
300 l/s. The production units is constructed using reinforced concrete and stone masonry.
It consists of a capture unit and a clear-water reservoir with a volume of 1,400 m3. The
clear water reservoir is equipped with piping inlet, over flow, outlet, chlorine injection unit,
and pumping stations. In production plant, raw water will be treatment with slow sand filter
if the number of turbidity is low and with Rapid Sand Filter if the number is high. The water
treatment processes are describes step by step as follows:
• The raw water is pumped from the water intake into the discharge line and then it flows
to coagulation and flocculation units.
• Flash mixing of coagulant with raw water occurs in the pipe inlet and inlet of
coagulation chamber. Coagulant is injected into raw water flow and the system is
integrated with up-flow and down-flow flocculation units.

11

• If the number of turbidity is low, slow sand filter will be used
• Sedimentation of the flocks occurs in the clarifier-settling tank, which is equipped with
tube settlers in up-flow direction and sludge hopper.
• From the clarifier chamber, the water is flowed by up-flow direction into gutters and
gullet channels, and then into rapid sand filter by gravity. At present, the filters are piled
up with unsuitable kind of material of sand media. As the filter unit is not satisfying, it
makes the filtration process decrease to 80% of the initial capacity.
WTP HBM also equips by distribution pump and other pump for treatment water and also
equip by generator set for supply electricity. The specification of equipment in WTP HBM
is shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 HBM WTP Equipment

Capacity
Power
No Description Manfct./year Type l/s Remark
(Kw)
1 Back Wash Elektrim/Ebara/2000 Centrifugal 45 45 Existing
Distribution Pump (P-201)Remu Zise Praha/Ajax
2 Centrifugal 56 45 Existing
75 HP Elite
Distribution Pump (P-202)
3 Ajax Elite/1997 Centrifugal 45 45 Existing
Kamp.Baru
Distribution Pump (P-203)
4 Ajax Elit/1997 Centrifugal 45 45 Existing
Kamp.Baru
5 Distribution Pump (P-204) Remu Ajax Elit/1997 Centrifugal 45 Existing
6 Priming Pump (slow WTP) Submersible 1 300l/h new
7 Priming Pump (slow WTP) Submersible 1 300l/h new
Magnetic dosing Pump (slow
8 Centrifugal 1,5 10l/h new
WTP)
Magnetic dosing Pump (slow
WTP)
Steering motor for Chlorine (slow
10 Centrifugal 1,2 new
WTP)
Service Water Pump (Rapid filter
WTP)
Magnetic dosing Pump (Rapid
filter WTP)
13 Alum mixer (Rapid filter WTP) Centrifugal 2,2 1,5 m3/m new
Service Water Pump (Rapid filter
WTP)
Magnetic chlorine dosing Pump
(Rapid filter WTP)
16 Chlorine mixer (Rapid filter WTP) Centrifugal 2,2 1,5 m3/m new
Air Blower Pump for Back
17 Centrifugal 18,5 16 m3/m new
Washing (P-601)
Total 270,3
B. Unit System Malanu
The water sources was supply for this system are consist two sources Malanu 1 and
Malanu 2 Spring. The springs are equipping with spring capture and construct from
concrete. The elevation of the springs are + 101m MSL for Malanu 1 and + 93m MSL for
Malanu 2. Because the quality of the springs is good, the water directly supply to the
customers by pipe GIP ND 150 mm without pass water treatment. The problem of the
system is in Malanu 1 because the spring capture in this spring is uncovered because of
that in the wet season; sediment from around the spring is entered to the spring capture.

12

C. Unit System Rufei
Unit System Rufei consists of two water sources Rufei River and Rufei Spring. The
location of water sources are in elevation +21m MSL for Rufei Spring and +115m MSL for
intake Rufei River. The water sources are equipped by Intake in Rufei River and Spring
Capture for Rufei Spring. The construction of both is from concrete structure. The
condition of the building still good and for Intake Rufei is need rehabilitation in Bar Screen
because the hole is big and stone or wood can enter to the intake. Beside that the
transmission pipe from intake o reservoir also need rehabilitation because at this moment
the transmission pipe in several segment located above the ground without supporting
pipe.
3.4 Storage Facilities
The existing reservoirs have two types of filling systems, by gravity from spring capture
and by pumping from production plant. At this moment for the distribution of water to the
customers, PT. Tirta Remu uses 12 (twelve) distribution reservoirs. The reservoirs are
located in Remu, Klademak, Kampung Baru and the Remu Selatan area. The problems
from all reservoirs are:
a. All reservoirs are not equipped with floating valve to control the inlet flow.
b. Some reservoirs are not equip with disinfectant
c. Measuring device is not equipped in the reservoir.
d. In some area, the condition of reservoir is not operated it is need rehabilitation.
The location of reservoir is shown in Figure 3.2.
Figure 3.2 Location of Reservoir PT. Tirta Remu

13

The capacity of reservoir is shown in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4. Existing Storage Facilities

Name of 3 Supply
No Type Capacity (m ) Elevation Coverage Area Remark
Reservoir System
1 Res.HBM.1 Concrete 1200 +46m MSL Pumping Sorong Timur
2 Res.HBM.2 Concrete 200 +46m MSL Pumping Remu Utara Clear well
3 Res.Klademak.1 Concrete 750 +49m MSL Gravity Sorong Utara
4 Res.Klademak.2 Steel 300 +49m MSL Gravity Sorong City
Not
5 Kampung Baru Steel 150 +49m MSL Gravity Kampung Baru
operated
Not
operated
8 Res.Remu.1 Steel 500 +7m MSL Gravity Remu Selatan
Not
9 Res.Remu.2 Concrete 200 +7m MSL Gravity Remu Selatan
operated
Not
10 Res.Remu.3 Steel 120 +7m MSL Gravity Remu Selatan
operated
11 Res. Rufei Concrete 50 +108m MSL Gravity Rufei
12 Res Malanu Concrete 50 +92m MSL Gravity Malanu
3.5 Transmission and Distribution

PT. Tirta Remu water supply system has a main transmission pipe that is used to
transport the clean water from the production plant to the distribution reservoir and from
there it is supplied to the customers. Based on PT. Tirta Remu report, the total length of
transmission is 223,252 m’. Many kind of material are used. The description of the
network is given in the Table 3.5 and the map of transmission and distribution pipe in PT.
Tirta Remu is shown in Appendix. G.
Table 3.5 Existing Transmission and Distribution Network

No Diameter of Pipe Length
A Transmission
ND 300 - ND 150 67.687
B Distribution
ND 200 467
ND 150 19.501
ND 100 39.249
ND 75 30.466
ND 50 61.258
ND 25 4.624
Total 223.252

14

3.6 Water Delivery Zones
PT. Tirta Remu has no delivery zones, for the Block Renovation Program (BRP), the
network are divided in 13 different blocks. The BRP Blocks in PT. Tirta Remu is shown in
Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 Existing Zone
No District Zone Number Of HC Remarks
Sorong Out of PT. Tirta
1 - -
Kepulauan Remu Service
2 Sorong Barat Rufei 828
3 Sorong Remu Utara 612
Klademak Utara 878 Klademak
Kampung Baru Arfak 871 Kmp baru
Kampung Baru Raja
628
Ampat
HBM 889
Klademak 3 522 Klademak
4 Sorong Timur Remu Selatan 866 Remu
Malanu Klasaman 1.721
Kolam Buaya 289
5 Sorong Utara Malanu Kalasuat 876 Remu
Malanu Kalasuat 681
Malanu Exim Pepabri 780
Total 10.441
Source: BRP, 2008
3.7 Connection, Customers and Water Tariff
3.7.1 Connections and Customers Categories
The water supply connections are divided into different customers’ categories. The overall
division of connections in PT. Tirta Remu it is presented in Table 3.7. In general
connections are divided in active and non active customers. The active customers are
customers who are paying the water bill in every month, and including the customers who
are not using water but still pay for billing administration. The total number of these
connections in PT. Tirta Remu is 10,441.

15

Table 3.7 Number of Customers Categories
No Categories Sub categories Number
HC A 9.277
1 House Connection
HC B 126
2 Government 129
Small 526
4 Commercial
Large 115
Small 8
5 Industry
Large 5
General 126
6 Social
Special 124
7 Harbor 5
Total 10.441
Source: PT. Tirta Remu, 2008
3.7.2 Service Coverage
Total population of Sorong City in the year 2008 is about 163,483 inhabitants. By
assuming 1 house connection (HC) service 5 people and 1 public tap (PT) service for 50
persons, the total population served is 53,350 persons or 41% coverage. The existing
service coverage is shown in Table 3.8.
Table. 3.8. Existing Service Coverage

Number Of
No District Population (Cap)
HC
1 Sorong Kepulauan 8.440 0
2 Sorong Barat 32.110 828
3 Sorong 55.655 4400
4 Sorong Timur 37.121 2876
5 Sorong Utara 30.517 2337
Total 163.843 10441
Source: PT. Tirta Remu, 2008
3.7.3 Water Tariff System
PT. Tirta Remu still uses the old PDAM Kota Sorong water tariffs. This system is based on
a progressive tariff, which means that the price per m3/month/customer increases
proportionally to the water consumption. The tariff system per customer category is
presented in Table 3.9. The tariff of PT. Tirta Remu will be change but the draft of tariff is
still in discussing.

16

Table. 3.9 Water Tariffs Category, Year 2008
WATER TARIFF (IDR)
No of CUSTOMERS WATER CONSUMPTION
Group CATEGORY
0 – 10 11 – 20 20 -30 3
>30 m
m3 m3 m3
Group I House connection A 840 2400 2640 2880
House connection B 960 2640 2880 3120
Group II Government 960 2640 2880 3120
Group III Social General 600 1680 1800 1920
Social Special 720 1800 1920 2040
Group IV Commercial Small 1680 2880 3120 3600
Commercial Large 1800 3120 3600 4200
Group IV Industry 3500 3500 4000 4200
Group IV Harbor - - - 8800
Source: PT.Tirta Remu Report, September 2008

17

4. WATER DEMAND PROGNOSIS
4.1 Population and Connection Development

Based on 2 % growth per years, the population of Sorong will increase from approximately
163.483 in 2008 to 207.793 in 2020. The population projection is shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Population Projection

Number of Population
No District
2010 2015 2020
1 Sorong Kepulauan 8.781 9.695 10.705
2 Sorong Barat 33.407 36.884 40.723
3 Sorong 57.903 63.930 70.584
4 Sorong Timur 38.621 42.640 47.078
5 Sorong Utara 31.750 35.055 38.703
Total 170.462 188.204 207.793
Source: consultant analyses, 2008
Based on water demand prognosis the number of connection in PT. Tirta Remu will
increase from 10.441 units in 2007 to 30.957 unit in 2020. The summary of connection
development in PT. Tirta Remu is shown in Figure 4.2 below.
Table 4.2 Connection Development (2008 – 2020)

2008
No Categories 2010 2015 2020
(existing)
1 Household 9.417 24.417 26.917 29.517
2 Public tap - - 25 50
3 Social category 250 250 285 350
4 Government 42 42 72 127
5 Education 76 76 101 136
6 Commercial 641 641 686 736
7 Industry 13 13 23 36
8 Port 2 2 3 5
Total 10.441 25.441 28.112 30.957
Additional 15.000 2.671 2.845
4.2 Water Demand Development Criteria
To calculate the water demand over a period of 15 years, three criteria are taken into
account: coverage, water consumption, and non-revenue water (NRW). These are
summarized in Table 4.3 and explained in more detail below.

18

Table 4.3 Criteria for Water Demand Prognosis
No Parameters Proposed
1 Design Flows
1.1 Maximum day flow factor 1.10
1.2 Peak hour factor (x average day flow) 1.70
1.3 Raw water / intake capacity Maximum day + 10%
1.4 Transmission mains + pumps Maximum day flow
1.5 Distribution system Peak hour flow
2 Storage Capacity
2.1 Operational / buffer 16% - 20% of ave. daily demand
2.2 Clear water at WTP 2 hours res. at max. day demand
3 Pipeline Design
3.1 Maximum pressure in the transmission main 80 mwc.
3.2 Maximum pressure in the distribution main 80 mwc
3.3 Minimum pressure in the distribution main 10 mwc at peak hour flow
3.4 Design pressure level at reservoir 25% of volume
4 Technical / Quality Standard
National Ministry of Health, Indonesian
4.1 Water quality
water quality standard
4.2 Pipe materials ISO, AWWA , SNI standard
4.3 Building construction National Public Work, SNI
4.4 Electrical standard SNI, NEN

4.3 Service Coverage

The coverage of supply services will be conducted by low level of coverage to avoid
extremely of investment cost. Based on the water demand prognosis, the coverage of PT.
Tirta Remu water supply services area will increase from 35,7% in 2008 to 79.1 % in
2020. The coverage plan is shown in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4 Coverage Development (2008 – 2020)

Coverage
No Year
(%)
1 2008 35,7
2 2010 77,7
3 2015 78,4
4 2020 79,1
4.4 Water Consumption

A change in water consumption occurs because of changes in economy. A better
economy usually brings a more luxurious lifestyle, thus higher water consumption and an
increase in water demanding activities, like industry and commercial business. For the
connections related to economic development, all customers of commercial categories
(small and large), industries (small/home and large) and ports, are taken into account.
Furthermore, an increase in social connections (public hydrants, churches, mosques, etc),

19

other institutions (government, schools, etc.), and water truck facilities will occur according
to population growth. Therefore, in the prognosis the existing water consumption in
Sorong is set at 80 liter/capita/day, which will increase to 120 liter/capita/day over the next
period of 15 years. Water Consumptions of Sorong City is shown in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5 Water Consumption

Water Consumption (m3/h)
No Year Domestic Non Domestic Total
HC Public Tap Social Government Education Commercial Industry Port

1 2008 169,98 0,00 12,56 4,79 4,34 25,57 1,48 1,60 220,32
2 2010 431,51 0,00 12,56 4,79 4,34 25,57 1,48 1,60 481,85
3 2015 666,67 1,37 14,04 7,65 5,62 27,17 2,51 2,40 727,43
4 2020 730,48 2,97 17,12 13,64 7,48 29,22 3,82 3,60 808,33
Sources: Consultant Analyses, 2008
4.5 Non-Revenue Water

Non Revenue of Water (NRW) is the difference between the volume of water produced by
the system and the volume of water that is billed (sold) to the costumers. This figure may
indicate a combination of all aspects of non revenue of water, comprises:
1. Leakage in an aged pipe and a not proper maintained water distribution system.
2. Leakage in valve, fitting, and accessories due to broken material and no proper
installation.
3. Illegal connections to the system
4. House connections without water meter
5. Malfunctioning of metered connections where water consumption may be under
estimated (real water consumed by customer higher than water meter recorded).
6. Broken water meters where the water is billed a flat rate which can be much lower that
really consumed water
7. Water lost in water treatment plant and other facilities due to: sludge flushing; filter
washing, reservoir flushing, and for human activities in office (used by employee).
Based on water demand prognosis, the total non-revenue water in PT. Tirta Remu will
decrease from 56 % in 2008 to 17 % in 2020. The non-revenue water reduction plan is
shown in Table 4.6.
Table 4.6 Non – Revenue of Water (2008 – 2020)

NRW (%)
No Year
Prod. Distr. Total
1 2008 7 49 56
2 2010 6 45 51
3 2015 6 20 26
4 2020 5 12 17
4.6 Total Prognosis

When population development, connection development and all water demand
development criteria are taken into account, it will result into the following water demand
prognosis as shown in Figure 4.1.

20

Water Demand Prognosis PT. Tirta Remu
350
300
250
200
l/s
Water Demand
150
Distribution
Production
100 Raw Water
NRW
50
‐
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Water Demand 67 94 147 184 198 213 218 222 227 232 237 241 247
Distribution 100 138 213 258 268 277 272 267 261 264 267 270 272
Production 107 148 228 276 284 294 288 283 277 280 281 284 280
Raw Water 114 158 244 295 301 311 306 300 293 297 295 298 294
NRW 40 54 81 92 85 81 71 60 50 48 44 42 33
Years
Figure 4.1 Graph of PT. Tirta Remu water demand prognosis
The water demand in figure 4.1 is calculated from the connection prognosis and the
standard water demand in Indonesia. The leakage percentage is based on consultant
prognosis and planning for 2023. The production is calculated from water demand and
leakage
A water demand prognosis has been made in accordance with the population
development. Water demand prognosis is used as a basic design for development of
water supply system e.g. for intake or WTP development.
The detailed calculations of the water demand prognosis are included in Appendix. H

21

5. BALANCING WATER DEMAND AND PRODUCTION
5.1 Water Balance Calculation
Calculations on the actual water balance of the system follow the subsequent
assumptions:
• Area of service zone system is based on topographic condition of the service network
system;
• Actual production capacity of each source related to each service zone;
• Water sold (billing) according to the related number of connections per connected
area.
The existing production capacity requirements related to the sources is shown in Table
5.1 below.
Table 5.1 Existing demand vs. production capacity in PT. Tirta Remu
Water Demand (l/s)
Zone Total
HBM Malanu 1 Malanu 2 Rufei River Rufei Spring
Production Capacity 140 5 4 10 3 162
Additional production
Total Production 162
Water Demand 67
Idle Capacity 95
Source: Consultant Analyses, 2008
Based on Table 5.1, in 2009 PT Tirta Remu has idle capacity. The additional water
production is needed if the capacity of water production is less than the customer water
demand. There is idle capacity when the capacity of water production is more than the
customer water demand. The existing schematic of water balance system in PT. Tirta
Remu is shown in Appendix. I.

22

Figure 5.1 Existing schematic of water balance system in PT. Tirta Remu

23

5.2 Non-Revenue Water (NRW)

In 2008, the non revenue water appeared to reach the amount that is close to 55 % of the
total water produced but the figure is questionable due to the lack of water meters and
flow meters in the system, in 2009 PT. Tirta Remu has a renovation program (BRP) to
reduce the number of NRW. The NRW figure is very high compared to the Government
standard, i.e. 20%, this could be happened due to the following reasons:
To calculate the actual non-revenue water of the system, the following steps are taken:
• Calculate the total actual production capacity based on data from PT. Tirta Remu
• Calculate the total actual water sold based on water billing data from PT. Tirta Remu
• Calculate the total non-revenue by dividing water sold by actual production.
There are a number of causes for the high level of NRW:
• Insufficient production site facilities;

• Many valves were broken;
• Shallow pipe installation;
• Leakage in fitting pipes connections;
• High amount of illegal connections;
• Malfunctioning of metered connections.
5.3 Conclusion
Effect of increase in water demand on water balance
Increasing population growth and consumption level of water in Sorong will be affected to
the demand of water. Considering the high water leakage in distribution and limited
operational time of distribution pumps, it is required to increase water supply from
production unit to each part of the service areas.
Water sources
Another way to cope high water demand is to increase the production capacity in the
system. Therefore, sources at Malanu 1 and 2 need rehabilitation and spring capture
maintenance and then sources of Rufei 1 and 2 need rehabilitation and intake
maintenance to fulfill water demand in the future deep well can be one of the solutions for
additional water sources.
Increase in production capacity
Another way to fulfill the increasing water demand is improving the water supply system
by NRW reduction program. Concerning the NRW for water reduction program, it is
strongly recommended to rehabilitate and re-arrange the scheme. The existing leakage
does not only occur in the distribution system but in the production plant as well.
The main program of NRW reduction is divided into four groups as follows:
• Rehabilitation at the production plant;
• Rehabilitation at the transmission and distribution pipe;
• Rehabilitation at the valves, fittings and pipe accessories;
• Rehabilitation at the reticulation pipe and the costumer connections;
PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT 24


At present PT. Tirta Remu is already implementing a NRW reduction program. The
program proposes to reduce the NRW below 10%.
Concerning NRW reduction, the following activities are recommended at the initial stage:
• Mapping pressure gauge in main pipe all system;
• General calibration in all of the pipe systems using hydraulic simulation software;
• Investigation of physical leakages;
• Identification of leakage locations and damage causes;
• Materials preparation and implementation of the rehabilitation;
• Calibrating all water meter costumers (replacement if necessary);
• Operating the improvement result integrated with the existing system;
• Identification night flow in the area.
Reduction of non-revenue water
Water losses in the system have a major negative effect on water production and
distribution and therefore need to be reduced in order to satisfy water demand.


6. OPTIONS FOR WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT

6.1 General
For the rehabilitation and development of the water supply infrastructure, many factors
must be considered i.e. economic, technical, operational, and sources. For the main
network an information system integrated with leak detection programs to easi the
implementation of system rehabilitation to be developed. In 2009 and 2010 PT. Tirta
Remu will install additional 15,000 new HC. The proposed infrastructure development
should be supported by detailed information including measured data, topographical
measured data, and a detailed engineering design that is needed for all facilities
constructed during the first years.
Development priorities
The necessary infrastructure development activities have two levels of priorities:
First priority:
• Additional House Connection.

Regarding to RNE program in 2009 and 2010, PT. Tirta Remu will install additional
new House Connection around 15,000 HC.
• Construst new production unit
Construct new production unit (WTP) for fulfill sorong water demand.
• BRP Program
Furthermore, a leakage reduction program, optimizing of the existing water distribution
system by increasing operational time of pumps to fulfill the water demand in the area
at least 12-24 hour per day.
Second priority:
• Development program or improvement of production unit capacities, to fulfill required

water demand in the service area. Because the water production capacities in PT.
Tirta Remu still can fulfill water demand until the end of the development program, the
activity in this phase is only rehabilitation all production units the performance of
production units has to be increased.
Infrastructure development implementation schedule
The development period of this master plan is set on a 12-year basis. The implementation
schedule of PT. Tirta Remu water supply infrastructure development is divided into 3
phases:
• Phase 1: period of 2009 – 2010.(connected to RNE program)

• Phase 2: period of 2011 – 2015.
• Phase 3: period of 2015 – 2020.
Each phase is divided into yearly implementation phasing, which means the system will
be gradually improved and rehabilitated every year simultaneously. Extension of the
system will be done parallel to the NRW reduction and the coverage increase.
The scope of work for infrastructure development is divided into 4 groups:


a. Water sources;
b. Production plants and storages;
c. Transmission and distribution; and
d. Connections and others.
6.2 Option for Water Sources

As mentioned in paragraph 5.3, PT. Tirta Remu does not need additional capacity but in
the future to fulfill water demand, PT. Tirta Remu needs additional water sources. Deep
wells are one of the solutions for additional water sources. Beside deep well, there’s have
a river in Sorong Makbun cab be an alternative for additional water sources. In Irian Jaya
Barat Province the main problem is land acquisition because of that deep well is one of
the best alternatives for additional water sources. For construction of deep wells more
study to investigate potential area a geoelectric study or a pilot project for deep wells is
required.
Implementation crash program for the existing sources
Based on the field investigation, the following activities should be implemented at the
existing water sources, as high priority as follows:
1. Install a measuring equipment device for all water sources to determine the real
capacity of the water sources.
2. Protection intake Remu, because the existing location of Remu intake always used by
local people for washing, bathing etc and it will be influence the water quality in a bad
way.
3. Install screen in all outlets of broncaptering and intake to prevent material such a wood
or stone enters into the transmission pipe.
4. Rehabilitation Broncaptation of Malanu and Rufei
5. Made study for construct new deep well in such geoelectical study or pilot project.
6.3 Option for production units

Production facilities are an important element in water supply system because in this unit
the quality and quantity of water will be treatment before distributed to the consumers.
Concerning the existing production capacity, the following activities should be
implemented initially:
1. Rehabilitation Malanu 1 spring by covering the broncaptering with the roof.

2. Rehabilitation screen at intake in Rufei River because the diameter of bar screen is big
and the material such wood or stone still can enter to the intake.
3. Install measuring device in all inlet and outlet of pumping station to determine the real
capacity of pumping station and this connected to decreasing a number of NRW
program (BRP).
4. Install disinfectant facilities in the outlet of pumping station. This point is important
because without disinfectant, the quality of water for supply to customers is
questionable.
5. In order to save the energy consumption, the re-calculation power requirement for
pumping system should be taken including hydraulic calculation of water transported.
Development of new production units
The existing production unit in PT. Tirta Remu still can cover water demand until years
2010, but in years 2011 it is need additional production unit. Development of new


production units will be cost effective if water treatment operational and pumping systems
are applied with high efficiency to safe chemical and electricity consumption.
Effect of increase of production on water balance
According to the water demand prognosis, to satisfy the increased water demand and
have sufficient pressure in each service zone, production capacity should be added by
constructing new production units. Development of production units from 2009 till 2020 is
divided in three phases as described in the Table 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 below.
Table 6.1 Balancing Demand vs Production PT. Tirta Remu Phase 1 in 2009 – 2010
Water Demand (l/s)
Zone Total
Water Demand 147
Idle Capacity 15
Water Demand (l/s)
Zone Total
Additional production 100
Water Demand 222
Idle Capacity 40
Water Demand (l/s)
Zone Total
Water Demand 247
Idle Capacity 15
6.4 Option for storage facilities

Concerning the transmission and distribution infrastructure, development plans will be
economic if a concentrated integrated system between supply zone and others is
designed. From a technical point of view, a zoning system will be proposed to avoid
imbalance of water demand in the network.


Concerning the existing water storages performance, the following activities should been
implemented in the first phase:
1. Install floating valve in inlet of reservoir to control the inlet flow in the reservoir
especially in Malanu and Rufei reservoir because the location of reservoir is far away
from city in it is hard to control every day.
2. Rehabillitation all broken reservoir
3. Installation of measure instruments for reservoir in the water inflow and outflow.
4. Install screen in the outflow
5. Regularly drain and maintenance of ground reservoir.
6. Installation of water disinfection by chlorine dosing equipment.
Development of new storage
The existing reservoir in PT. Tirta Remu is still can cover water demand, but in the years
2020, PT. Tirta Remu need additional reservoir for covering water demand. Based on
water demand calculation, the capacity of new reservoir is 500 m3 and for additional
reservoir, there are alternatives for development a storage system.
• Construct new reservoir in Klademak area.
• Used the existing Slow Sand Filter (SSF) in Klademak as reservoir, because at this
moment the SSF in Klademak is not operated. For this alternative rehabilitation SSF
is needed because SSF do not equip with roof and measuring device in outlet and
inlet.
Effect of increase of water storage on water balance
The water storage as distribution buffer capacity will anticipate the demand fluctuation in
supply zone, especially at times of minimum flow, water will be saving in storage. At peak
hours water will be supplied into the network. Storage facilities related to zone district
locations for all three phases are presented in Tables 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6 below
Table 6.4 Storage for PT. Tirta Remu Phase I (2009 - 2010)
Reservoir Capacity
Zone
HBM Klademak Kampung Baru Remu Rufei Malanu
Reservoir Capacity 1.400 1.050 1.050 820 50 50
Additional reservoir
Total reservoir
4.420
capacity
Reservoir needed 2.544
Idle Capacity 1.876
Table 6.5 Storage for PT. Tirta Remu Phase II (2011 - 2015)
Reservoir Capacity
Zone
Additional reservoir
Total reservoir
4.420
capacity
Idle Capacity 579


Table 6.6 Storage for PT. Tirta Remu Phase III (2016 - 2020)
Reservoir Capacity
Zone
Additional reservoir 500
Total reservoir
4.920
capacity
Idle Capacity 652
6.5 Option for development network

Concerning the transmission and distribution infrastructure, development plans will be
economic if a concentrated integrated system between supply zone and others is
designed. From a technical point of view, the zoning system is proposed to avoid
imbalance of water demand in the network.
Bad and damage transmission and distribution pipes is one factor which is related to
leakage rehabilitation. Damaging pipes can happen because the age of the pipes
sociological reason. Sometimes pipe are demaged on purpose by inhabitants for various
reasons.
The first step is to make a plan for the rehabilitation of the existing transmission and
distribution network, which can be done through the following activities:
1. Identification of weaknesses of the network facilities;

2. Installation of district meters related to the supply zones;
3. Pipe replacement at the segment of the network, which has a bad record regarding
leakage;
4. Valve replacement at the branch point and make sure that each direction can be
isolated in a water tight condition;
5. Installation of pressure gauge at the critical point related to the maximum and
minimum pressures;
6. Rearrangement of the secondary distribution network in the branch system as much as
possible concerns the step test.
7. Installation of bulk water meters related to the district areas.
8. Rearrangement of the reticulation pipe in a full branch system.
9. Implement a pressure gauge in the pump
10. Install valves at branch points and make sure that each direction can be isolated in a
water critical condition

Development of new network infrastructure
In this report, development options for transmission and distribution infrastructure are
based on connection growth, water production, and water demand projection.
Considering the network development, a new network should be in accordance with city
planning and existing network facilities. A new pipe should be added parallel to the main


distribution pipe in order to transport water into the new development area. The
development of transmission and distribution pipe will do in PT. Tirta Remu are:
• Rehabilitation main distribution pipe in Neraka Street area, because at this moment all
main distribution pipes are located under constructed houses. The length of the pipes
to be rehabilitated is about 1,400 m’ with various diameters.
• Rehabilitation pipes in Kampung Baru area. Same situation with Neraka Street, all
distribution pipe in that area are located under constructed houses and the length of
pipefor which rehabilitation is required is 5.000 m’ with various diameters.
And for development activities for network extension required for additional house
connection are:
• Implement distribution pipes of ND 50 mm – ND 150 mm to the new area in Sorong

Barat District.
• Install district meters at the outlet of reservoirs and interconnecting pipes between
supply zones;
• Install a district meter for each sub supply zone in a supply area.
6.6 Option for development connection
To reduce non-revenue water, rehabilitation of existing connection must be done

according to the following activities:
1. Arranging the billing system by district approach; it will be easy to control the
consumption through connection bills and district meter;
2. Performing step and night flow tests in the related district when the bills do not match
the district meter;
3. Domestic water meter replacement.
4. Continuing Block Renovation Program (BRP)
5. Regular customers monitoring by check every month the condition of house
connection.
Development of new connections
To increase water selling to the customers, future new connections should be

implemented immediately according to additional water production. The development
plan for new connections is shown in Figure 6.1 below.


Development HC PT. Tirta Remu
30000
25000
20000
15000
HC
New connections
10000 Connections begin
5000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Years
Figure 6.1 Development of new connection
Activities for new connection development are:
• 15.014 units in the first five years, this activity is including 15,000 HC in RNE program.
• 2.500 units in the second five years
• 2.600 units in the third five years
The future schematic system of PT. Tirta Remu is shown in Appendix. J, K and L and for
design of house connection in PT. Tirta Remu is shown in Figure 6.7 below.


Figure 6.2 Standard design of new connection


6.7 Overall development implementation schedule
All options for water supply development can be summarized in an implementation

schedule, as shown in Table 6.7 below.
Table 6.7: Implementation schedule of infrastructure development
Source : Consultant Analyses, 2008


7. COST ESTIMATION

7.1 General
From this study, and the projections calculated, a water supply development scheme is
drawn. This scheme includes necessary implementation of production and distribution
facilities in the concerned areas.
The cost estimate is set up with a bill of quantities and basic unit prices. It is not known in
what way the cost estimate will be influenced by future changes of unit prices and re- or
devaluation of the Indonesian Rupiah.
The estimated quantity and the cost estimation for alternative 1 are shown in Appendix.
M and N and alternative 2 are shown in Appendix. O and P.
The calculated estimation of costs for PT. Tirta Remu water supply development project
is shown in the description below. This engineering estimate is based on cost only. The
inflation rate and interest rate is not included in this calculation. The summary of cost
estimation is shown in Table 7.1 and Table 7.2 below.
Concerning the investment costs, the cost estimate is set up from unit cost parameters; a
preliminary Bill of Quantity has been elaborated for project development. It uses the
February 2009 price level as reference.
According to the project staging, necessary adjustment and expansion of the total water
supply system, including raw water resources, the cost per stage are estimated.
Table 7.1: Summary of PT. Tirta Remu investment cost estimation (alternative 1)
x million
Additional cost (35%) including: - VAT, engineering, supervision, insurance, contingencies and risk
Euro : 15.000
USD : 11.000
The total costs are estimated at a sum of Rp. 45,520 million, or Euro 3,0 millions. This
value includes the 21.914 new house connections. This means the average price per new
house connection will be approximately Rp. 2.117 millions, which is ca. Euro 141,-
And for second alternative of investment cost plan in PT. Tirta Remu Sorong is shown
Table 7.2 below.


Table 7.2: Summary of PT. Tirta Remu investment cost estimation (alternative 2)
x million

Additional cost (35%) including: - VAT, engineering, supervision, insurance, contingencies and risk
Euro : 15.000
USD : 11.000
The total costs are estimated at a sum of Rp. 31,930 million, or Euro 2.1 millions. This
value includes the 21.914 new house connections. This means the average price per new
house connection will be approximately Rp. 1,514 millions, which is ca. Euro 100,-


8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
8.1 Conclusion
• At present, production unit in PT. Tirta Remu can fulfill water demand and still have
idle capacity.
• Not all production and distribution units have measurement devices.
• Malanu 1 Spring needs rehabilitation especially in the broncaptering.
• Existing reservoirs can fulfill water the demand until 2020, but actual some reservoirs
cannot operate because some reservoirs have a leaking.
• New reservoir will construct in 2020 for covering water demand and as an alternative is
use existing Slow Sand Filter in Klademak as a reservoir.
• Rehabilitation of the distribution system is necessary because at this moment the
distribution system is partly located below houses.
8.2 Recommendation

• It’s recommended to establish groundwater protection area’s of recharge area of
groundwater to ensure sustainability of spring and deep well flow rates for the future.
For this purpose water company institutions have to cooperate with Forestry Agency to
implement re forestry programs.
• The local government must control land use tightly to prevent settlement in the
recharge area of ground water protection zone.
• Saline water conversion is one of possible source for further development (beyond the
year of 2023) if all other possibilities for additional sources is not feasible.
• It’s recommended to increase human resource skill by training or course.
• Detailed data collection by detailed measuring program surveys to achieve more
accurate source data, actual production, and water distribution capacity.
• Detailed field surveys to find all potential sources and all data concerning service
areas, infrastructure conditions and others water supply facilities.
• To recondition existing production capacity, the consultant recommends a
rehabilitation and reparation of the old existing water production units. Implement
pumping systems with high efficiency to safe electricity consumption and to be cost
effective. The existing pumping has to be rearranged and improved according to the
new operational scheme.
• It is suggested to calibrate domestic water meters periodically and make sure that
meters still work accurately. Normally, meters will work accurately with a good water
quality and suitable pressure, otherwise they will easily damage.
• At the main feeder of the network, it is necessary to implement a bulk water meter.
This flow meter can control the distributed water and can be useful in calibration
system with network simulation. At the main branch line/service pipe, it is suggested to
implement a district meter to control a capacity of customers.
• Detailed engineering design (DED) of all projects has to be prepared before physical
implementation.

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09 – 19/1

Existing infrastructure description

• Phase 1: period of 2009 – 2010.

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT SUM - i

c. Transmission and distribution; the development activities are implement additional

d. Connections and others; In the whole period of implementation the number of

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

FIGURE 2.1 MAP OF IRIAN JAYA BARAT PROVINCE ......................................................................3

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

In the beginning of 2002, NV Waterleiding Maatschappij Drenthe (WMD) considered to co-

The objectives and outcome of this Master Plan are:

1.3 Limiting Condition

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

The rest of the document consists of the following chapters:

Chapter 2 describes the project area.

Chapter 3 describes the existing water supply system in Sorong.

Chapter 4 presents the water demand prognosis.

Chapter 5 presents the balance between water demand and production.

Chapter 6 describes options for water supply development.

Chapter 7 gives the cost estimations.

Chapter 8 presents complementary recommendations.

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

Figure 2.1 Map of Irian Jaya Barat Province

Project Area Location

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

Figure 2.2 Map of Project Area

2.2 Physical Condition

2.2.2 Climate and Rainfall

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

Table 2.1 Rain Fall of Sorong City

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

Table 2.2 Name of river in PT. Tirta Remu Area

2.3 Population and Demography

Table 2.3 Population in Sorong City in Years 2008

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

2.4 Socio-Economy Condition

Figure 2.3 Financial Activities in Sorong City

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

2.4.3 Willingness to Pay

Table 2.5 Willingness to Pay for Monthly Water Consumption

2.4.4 Affordability to Pay

Based on socio-economic survey by De La Salle University, affordability to pay average in

Table 2.6 Affordability to Pay

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

1. General Department ( 60 employees)

2. Technical Department (71 employees)

3.2 Sources of Water

Figure 3.1 Location of Existing Water Sources PT. Tirta Remu

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

3.2.2 Surface Water

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

3.3 Production Units

A. Unit System HBM

Table 3.2 Intake Remu Equipment

1 Intake Pump P-101 Ajax Elite/1997 75 66 New

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT

Table 3.3 HBM WTP Equipment

B. Unit System Malanu

PT. INOWA PRIMA CONSULT