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Conic Sections
The general form of a second-degree equation in
two variables ! and " is given by
#! $ + &!" + '" $ + (! + )" + * = 0
where #, &, ', (, ) , and * are constants, and at
least one of #, &, and ' is nonzero.
The corresponding graphs of the above equation
are called conic sections.
Conic Sections
A conic section is the intersection of the plane
and the right circular cone.
Conic Sections
Graphs of Quadratic Equations
Value of !2 − 4%& Conic Section
!2 − 4%& < 0, ! ≠ 0 or % ≠ & Ellipse
!2 − 4%& < 0, ! = 0 and % = & Circle
!2 − 4%& = 0 Parabola
!2 − 4%& > 0 Hyperbola
Conic Sections
Determine the type of conic section that each
equation will produce.
1. #2 + 16' − 32 = 0
2. '2 − 6' – 8# − 7 = 0
3. 16#2 + 25'2 = 40
4. 3#2 + 2'2 − 24# + 12' + 60 = 0
5. 12#2 − 4'2 + 72# + 16' + 44 = 0
Conic Sections
Determine the type of conic section that each
equation will produce.
6. #2 + &2 + 8# − 6& + 21 = 0
7. 3#2 − 2&2 + 4& − 26 = 0
8. 4#2 + 8&2 − 4# − 24& − 13 = 0
9. &2 – 4& + 8# − 28 = 0
10.9#2 + 4&2 – 24& – 72# + 144 = 0
Degenerate Conics
2.
y 2
+
x 2
=1 5.
( y - 6) (x - 4)
2
+
2
=1
49 16 81 49
3.
( x - 5)
2
+
y2
=1
64 49
Ellipse
Write each equation in standard form. Then find
the center, vertices, foci, endpoints of the minor
axis, and lengths of the major and minor axes of
each ellipse. Sketch the curve.
6. 36 x 2 + 144 x + 25 y 2 - 100 y - 656 = 0
7. 16 x 2 + 96 x + 25 y 2 - 250 y + 369 = 0
8. 81x 2 + 648 x + 36 y 2 - 432 y - 324 = 0
9. 49 x + 98 x + 25 y - 250 y - 551 = 0
2 2
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Hyperbola
• A hyperbola is the set of points in a plane such
that the difference of the distances between
any of these points and two fixed points is a
constant.
• The two fixed points are the foci of the
hyperbola, and the midpoint of the segment
joining the foci is the center of the hyperbola.
• Every hyperbola consists of two branches.
Hyperbola
• The line that contains the two foci intersects
the hyperbola at two points, called the
vertices.
• The line that contains these vertices is called
the transverse axis.
• The conjugate axis is a line that passes
through the center of the hyperbola and is
perpendicular to the transverse axis.
Hyperbola
• The standard form of the equation of the
hyperbola with center at (", $) and a
horizontal transverse axis is
&−" ( *−$ (
(
− (
=-
) +
• The vertices are the points (" + ), $) and
(" – ), $), while the foci are the points
(" + 0, $) and (" – 0, $), where 0( = )( + +(.
Hyperbola
• The standard form of the equation of the
hyperbola with center at (", $) and a vertical
transverse axis is
&−$ ( *−" (
(
− (
=-
) +
• The vertices are the points (", $ + )) and
(", $ – )), while the foci are the points
(", $ + 0) and (", $ – 0), where 0( = )( + +(.
Hyperbola
• If the transverse axis of the hyperbola is
horizontal, the asymptotes are drawn using a
rectangle with points
! + #, % + & , ! − #, % − & ,
! − #, % + & , ! + #, % − &
as its corners.
• The equations of the asymptotes are
&
(=%± +−!
#
Hyperbola
• If the transverse axis of the hyperbola is
vertical, the asymptotes are drawn using a
rectangle with points
! + #, % + & , ! − #, % − & ,
! − #, % + & , ! + #, % − &
as its corners.
• The equations of the asymptotes are
&
(=%± +−!
#
Hyperbola
Find the center, vertices, foci, and the equations
of the asymptotes of each hyperbola then sketch
the graph.
x 2
-
( y - 3)
2
=1
( y - 5)2 - (x - 2)2
1. 4. =1
25 81 64 49
( y - 4) (x + 2)
2
-
2
=1
( x + 2 ) ( y - 1)
2 2
2. 5. - =1
9 36 100 36
3.
( x + 3) ( y + 3)
2
-
2
=1
25 16
Hyperbola
Reduce each equation in its standard form. Find
the center, vertices, foci, and the equations of
the asymptotes of the hyperbola. Sketch the
curve.
6.1. 25 x - 36 y + 200 x - 72 y - 536 = 0
2 2
7.2. - 16 x + 9 y + 32 x - 18 y - 151 = 0
2 2