Tokugawa clan

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Tokugawa clan
徳川氏

Tokugawa clan mon

 Kōzuke (original line)

Home province
 Mikawa (restored line)

Parent house  Nitta clan (original line)

 Matsudaira clan (restored line)

Titles Various

Founder  Nitta Yoshisue (original line)

 Tokugawa Ieyasu (restored line)

Final ruler Tokugawa Yoshinobu

Current head Tsunenari Tokugawa

Founding year  13th century (original line)

 1567 (restored line)

Ruled until  1867[1] (Abolition of the shogunate)

 1871 (Abolition of the han system)

Cadet branches Various

The Tokugawa clan (徳川氏、德川氏 Tokugawa-shi or Tokugawa-uji) was a powerful daimyō family
of Japan. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa(850–880) and were a branch of
the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) by the Nitta clan. The early history of this clan remains a
mystery.[2] Members of the clan ruled Japan as shōguns from 1603 to 1867.

Contents

 1History
 2Simplified genealogy, showing complete lines of descent
 3Crest
 4Family members
 5Retainers
o 5.1Clans
o 5.2Important retainers
 6References
 7External links

History[edit]
Minamoto no Yoshishige (1135–1202), grandson of Minamoto no Yoshiie (1041–1108), was the first
to take the name of Nitta. He sided with his cousin Minamoto no Yoritomo against the Taira
clan (1180) and accompanied him to Kamakura. Nitta Yoshisue, 4th son of Yoshishige, settled at
Tokugawa (Kozuke province) and took the name of that place. Their provincial history book did not
mention Minamoto clan or Nitta clan.[3]
The nominal originator of the Matsudaira clan was reportedly Matsudaira Chikauji, who was
originally a poor Buddhist monk.[2][4] He reportedly descended from Nitta Yoshisue in the 8th
generation and witnessed the ruin of the Nitta in their war against the Ashikaga. He settled at
Matsudaira (Mikawa province) and was adopted by his wife's family. Their provincial history book
claimed that this original clan was Ariwara clan.[3] Because this place is said to have been reclaimed
by Nobumori Ariwara, one theory holds that Matsudaira clan was related to Ariwara no Narihira.[5]
Matsudaira Nobumitsu (15th century), son of Chikauji, was in charge of Okazaki Castle, and
strengthened the authority of his family in the Mikawa province. Nobumitsu's great-great-
grandson Matsudaira Kiyoyasu made his clan strong, but was assassinated. In 1567, his
grandson Tokugawa Ieyasu (then known as Matsudaira Motonobu) (1542–1616) obtained from the
Emperor permission to revive the name Tokugawa. In so doing, he claimed descent from the
Minamoto clan.
The clan rose to power at the end of the Sengoku period, and to the end of the Edo period they ruled
Japan as shōguns. There were fifteen Tokugawa shōguns. Their dominance was so strong that
some history books use the term "Tokugawa era" instead of "Edo period".
In addition, the heads of the gosanke (the three branches with fiefs in Owari, Kishū, and Mito) bore
the Tokugawa surname. Additional branches became the gosankyō: the Tayasu, Hitotsubashi, and
Shimizu Tokugawa clans. Many daimyōs with the Matsudaira surname descended from the
Tokugawa. Examples include the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu. Members of the Tokugawa clan
intermarried with prominent daimyo and the Imperial family.
Their principal family shrine is the Tōshō-gū in Nikkō, and principal temple is at Kan'ei-ji in Tokyo.
Heirlooms of the clan are partly administered by the Tokugawa Memorial Foundation.
Simplified genealogy, showing complete lines of descent[edit]
 I. Tokugawa Ieyasu, 1st Tokugawa Shōgun (1543–1616; r. 1603–
1605)
 II. Tokugawa Hidetada, 2nd Tokugawa Shōgun (1579–1632; r.
1605–1623)
 III. Tokugawa Iemitsu, 3rd Tokugawa Shōgun (1604–1651; r.
1623–1651)
 IV. Tokugawa Ietsuna, 4th Tokugawa Shōgun (1641–1680; r.
1651–1680)
 Tokugawa Tsunashige, daimyō of Kōfu (1644–1678)
 VI. Tokugawa Ienobu, 6th Tokugawa Shōgun (1662–
1712; r. 1709–1712)
 VII. Tokugawa Ietsugu, 7th Tokugawa
Shōgun (1709–1716; r. 1712–1716)
 V. Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, 5th Tokugawa Shōgun (1646–1709;
r. 1680–1709)
 Tokugawa Yoshinao, 1st daimyō of Owari (1601–1650)
 Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st daimyō of Kishū (1602–1671)
 Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd daimyō of Kishū (1627–1705)
 VIII. Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th Tokugawa Shōgun (1684–
1751; 5th daimyō of Kishū: 1705–1716; 8th Tokugawa Shōgun: 1716–
1745)
 IX. Tokugawa Ieshige, 9th Tokugawa Shōgun (1712–
1761; r. 1745–1760)
 X. Tokugawa Ieharu, 10th Tokugawa
Shōgun (1737–1786; r. 1760–1786).
 Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head
(1721–1765; Hitotsubashi family head: 1735–1764)
 Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa
family head (1751–1827; Hitotsubashi family head: 1764–1799)
 XI. Tokugawa Ienari, 11th Tokugawa
Shōgun (1773–1841; r. 1786–1837)
 XII. Tokugawa Ieyoshi, 12th
Tokugawa Shōgun (1793–1853; r. 1837–1853)
 XIII. Tokugawa Iesada,
13th Tokugawa Shōgun (1824–1858; r. 1853–1858)
 Tokugawa Nariyuki, 11th daimyō of
Kishū (1801–1846)
 XIV. Tokugawa Iemochi,
14th Tokugawa Shōgun (1846–1866; r. 1858–1866)
 Tokugawa Narimasa, 3rd Tayasu-Tokugawa
family head (1779–1848)
 Tokugawa Yoshiyori, 5th Tayasu-
Tokugawa family head (1828–1876)
 Tokugawa Iesato, 1st Prince
Tokugawa, 16th Tokugawa family head, 6th Tayasu-Tokugawa
 family head (1863–1940; 6th Tayasu-Tokugawa head: 1865–1868,
16th Tokugawa family head: 1868–1940, 1st Prince Tokugawa: cr.
1884)
 Iemasa Tokugawa, 2nd Prince Tokugawa, 17th Tokugawa family
head (1884–1963; 17th Tokugawa family head: 1940–1963, 2nd Prince
Tokugawa: 1940–1947)
 Tokugawa Yorifusa, 1st daimyō of Mito (1603–1661)
 Matsudaira Yorishige, 1st daimyō of Takamatsu (1622–1695)
 Matsudaira Yoriyuki (1661–1687)
 Matsudaira Yoritoyo, 3rd daimyō of Takamatsu (1680–1735)
 Tokugawa Munetaka, 4th daimyō of Mito (1705–1730)
 Tokugawa Munemoto, 5th daimyō of Mito
(1728–1766)
 Tokugawa Harumori, 6th daimyō of
Mito (1751–1805)
 Tokugawa Harutoshi,
7th daimyō of Mito (1773–1816)
 Tokugawa Nariaki, 9th daimyō of Mito (1800–1860)
 XV. Tokugawa Yoshinobu, 15th Tokugawa Shōgun, 1st Head
and 1st Prince of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line (1837–1913;
Shōgun: 1866–1867, 1st Head of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line: 1868–
1913, 1st Prince of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line: 1902–1913)
 Yoshihisa Tokugawa, 2nd Head and 2nd Prince of the Tokugawa
Yoshinobu line (1884–1922; 2nd head and 2nd Prince of the Tokugawa
Yoshinobu line: 1913–1922)
 Yoshimitsu Tokugawa, 3rd Head and 3rd Prince of the Tokugawa
Yoshinobu line (1913–1993; 3rd Head of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line:
1922–1993, 3rd Prince of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line: 1922–1947)
 Yoshitomo Tokugawa, 4th Head of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu
line (1950–2017; 4th Head of the Tokugawa Yoshinobu line: 1993–
2017)
 Yoshitaka Tokugawa (b. 1981)
 Matsudaira Yoshinari,
9th daimyō of Takasu (1776–1832)
 Matsudaira Yoshitatsu, 10th daimyō of Takasu (1800–1862)
 Matsudaira Katamori, 9th daimyō of Aizu (1836–1893)
 Tsuneo Matsudaira (1877–1949)
 Ichirō Matsudaira (1907–1992)
 Tsunenari Tokugawa, 18th Tokugawa family head (b.
1940; 18th Tokugawa family head: 1963–present)
 Iehiro Tokugawa (b. 1965)
[6]

Crest[edit]
The Tokugawa's clan crest, known in Japanese as a "mon", the "triple hollyhock" (although
commonly, but mistakenly identified as "hollyhock", the "aoi" actually belongs to the birthwort family
and translates as "wild ginger"—Asarum), has been a readily recognized icon in Japan, symbolizing
in equal parts the Tokugawa clan and the last shogunate.
The crest derives from a mythical clan, the Kamo clan, which legendarily descended
from Yatagarasu.[7] Matsudaira village was located in Higashikamo District, Aichi Prefecture.
Although Emperor Go-Yōzeioffered a new crest, Ieyasu continued to use the crest, which was not
related to Minamoto clan.[8]
In jidaigeki, the crest is often shown to locate the story in the Edo period. And in works set in during
the Meiji Restoration movement, the crest is used to show the bearer's allegiance to the
shogunate—as opposed to the royalists, whose cause is symbolized by the Imperial throne's
chrysanthemum crest. Compare with the red and white rose iconography of English Wars of the
Roses, as imagined by Walter Scottearlier in the 19th century, in Anne of Geierstein (1829).

Family members[edit]
 Tokugawa Ieyasu
 Tokugawa Hidetada
 Matsudaira Nobuyasu
 Yūki Hideyasu
 Matsudaira Ietada
 Matsudaira Tadaaki
 Matsudaira Tadanao
 Tokuhime
 Tokugawa Komatsu
 Tokugawa Iemitsu
 Senhime
 Tokugawa Mitsukuni
 Tokugawa Iesada
 Tsunenari Tokugawa
 Muneyoshi Tokugawa

Retainers[edit]
Clans[edit]

 Abe clan of Mikawa Province

 Gosankyō
 Baba clan
 Honda clan
 Ii clan
 Ishikawa clan
 Ōkubo clan
 Sakai clan
 Toda clan
Important retainers[edit]
 Abe Masakatsu  Hirose Kagefusa  Hoshina
 Akamatsu Norifusa  Hisamatsu Sadakatsu  Ii Naoma
 Akaza Naoyasu  Honda Hirotaka  Ii Naotak
 Amano Yasukage  Honda Masanobu  Ii Naotsu
 Ando Naotsugu  Honda Masazumi  Ina Tada
 Ando Shigenobu  Honda Narishige  Ishikawa
 Aoyama Tadanari  Honda Shigetsugu  Ishin Sūd
 Ariyama Toyouji  Honda Tadakatsu  Kikkawa
  Asano Nagaakira  Honda Tadamasa  Kobayak
 Baba Nobushige  Honda Tadatoki  Kōriki K
 Fukushima Masanori  Honda Tadatsugu  Kutsuki M
 Fukushima Masayori  Honda Tadazumi  Mizuno N
 Furuta Shigekatsu  Honda Yasushige  Naitō Ien
 Hattori Hanzō  Honda Yasutoshi  Naitō No
 Hattori Masanari  Hoshina Masamitsu  Natsume
 Hiraiwa Chikayoshi  Hoshina Masanao  Ogasawa

References[edit]
1. ^ "...Tokugawa (1605-1868)" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 11.
Cambridge University Press
2. ^ Jump up to:a b 徳川家康展 (in Japanese). Aichi Prefectural Library.
Archived from the original on 2005-04-19. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b 十四松平の城・寺・墓を訪ねて (in
Japanese). Okazaki. 2000. Archived from the original on 2009-01-14.
Retrieved 2008-12-27.
4. ^ Ryōtarō Shiba (1962). "Ieyasu Tokugawa" (in Japanese).
Shinchosha. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
5. ^ (in Japanese) Kazue Tanaka. 古代史の謎を解き明かす「モード・タ
」. Google Books. via Bungeisha. 2000. 101.
6. ^ "徳川（德川）氏（将軍家）". Reichsarchiv. Retrieved 19
April 2014. (in Japanese)
7. ^ 賀茂別雷神社 (in Japanese). Kyoto sightseeing taxi. Archived
from the original on 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2008-12-30.
8. ^ (in Japanese) Ryu Miura. 戦国武将・闇に消されたミステリー
. Google Books. via PHP Kenkyusho. 2005. 283.

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Tokugawa
clan.

 Tokugawa memorial foundation

Categories:
 Japanese clans
 Tokugawa clan
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