Business Unit

Trigeneration
Overview of Trigeneration
technology and case studies

Strictly Private
and Confidential

05 March 2016
Gas engine energy flow
Energy
wasted
7%- Coolant loss
11%- Stack loss

100% Energy 2%- Radiative heat

18%- Jacket Heat

22%- Exhaust gas heat

42%- Electrical output

Trigeneration • Trigeneration technology in commercial buildings

Utilised 23 February 2016
PwC energy 8
 Trigeneration technology
Lighting
& Equipment

Electrical
Gas (SCM) power

Electrical
Exhaust
chiller

Hot water VAM

generator

Trigeneration involves the simultaneous production of electricity, space

cooling/heating using absorption chillers in summer and hot water
Trigeneration • Trigeneration technology in commercial buildings 23 February 2016
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Benefits of trigeneration

Efficiency of engine increases upto 80% from

40%

Base load electrical and cooling supply

Reduction in contract demand and peak

demand

Reduced primary energy cost

Reduced energy consumption and CO2

emissions

Minimum NOx and SOx

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Feasibility analysis of trigeneration

Availability of
Requirement of
gas (Natural gas, Policies and
power, cooling
Bio gas, programs
and hot water
producer gas)

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Performance of trigeneration

Electrical Cooling Overall energy Cost benefit

output produced performance analysis

kW/SM3 TR/SM3 kWh/sqm/yr INR/KW

50000
4-4.2 1.3-1.35 150
INR/KW

The payback period is around 2-3 years

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 Applications of trigeneration technology-building
sector

Office Hospital

Campus
Hotel

In addition to hotels, hospitals, trigeneration could be feasible in SEZs, big

campus and smart cities
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 Status in India

Around 522 MW based on co- and tri-generation has been installed

in India.
Building stock (Year 2011 and Year 2021)
500
450
450 413
Potential in India 400
346
378
350
288
300
250
200
150 132
Industri Buildin 114 107
es
7600 gs
6042 100
50 30
70

MW MW 0
Healthcare Hospitals Offices Education Retail
Existing stock in 2011 ( in million sqm)
Estimated stock in 2020 ( in million sqm)

Building stock in area (m2) will increase by 140% by year 2021 taking
year 2011 as base year
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PwC
Section 2 – About Trigeneration

Building example for Trigeneration

• Climate Composite

• Occupancy schedule 100% for daytime and

50% for rest of the
hours

• Total Built up area 675263 sqft

• Total conditioned area 530874 sqft

• % conditioned area 78.7 %

Trigeneration • Trigeneration technology in commercial buildings 23 February 2016

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Design engine performance

Output 100% 75% 50%

Energy produced per m3

of gas consumed
(kWh/SM3) 4.14 4.05 3.77

Engine Output (TR/SM3) 1.3 1.36 1.43

Engine power output decreases at part load and waste heat increases

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Electrical load analysis
Hourly variation of total electrical demand (kW)
4000
Total electrical demand (kW)

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hr

March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov

Max building load during peak period 3568kW

Max building load during lean period 3019 kW
Min building load during peak period 2253 kW
Min building load during lean period 1804 kW
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Cooling demand analysis
Hourly electrical demand (kW) of HVAC system
1600
1400
Electrical demand (kW)

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour
March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov

Max cooling load during peak period 1337kW

Max cooling load during lean period 802 kW
Min cooling load during peak period 937 kW
Min cooling load during lean period 547 kW

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Combined heat and power system

Engine VAM
Rating 1.2 MW 350 TR
No 2 2

Rating 0.6 MW 200 TR

No 2 2
Total 3.6 MW

Screw chiller
Rating 250 TR
No 3

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Engine loading

AVG ENGINE MONTHLY % LOADING

1.20
1.00 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.96
0.87 0.84 0.87 0.84 0.87
0.80 0.8
0.74 0.73
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

% loading of the engine varies from 74% to 96%

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Cooling analysis

Percentage cooling produced by VAM & Screw chillers

Month % VAM % Screw

March 98 2
April 87 13
May 75 25
June 60 40
July 56 44
August 60 40
Sept 60 40
October 86 14
November 90 10

During lean summer, 90% of cooling is met by VAM and during peak summer,
around 60% cooling is met by VAM 23 February 2016
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Gas Consumption

Monthly variation of gas consumption (M3)

600000

500000

400000

300000

200000

100000

48 Lakh SCM of gas offset the 188 lakh kWh/yr in a commercial building

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PwC
Polices and regulations for trigeneration

Energy
Conservati
on building
code

Smart
Model
Rating
cities
program
policies and systems
regulations

Clean
energy
technology

23 February 2016
PwC
 Identification of possible regions and buildings in India for trigeneration technology
Regions where powe supply is intermittent Regions where gas is available Identification of buildings where tri generation
is feasible like hotels, hospitals, airports etc

Estimation of Building load

Optimized electrical load (kW) Optimized cooling demand (TR) Optimized hot water requirement (lpd)

Sizing of Gas engine, VAM and electrical chillers

Engine size with % loading between 85% to
VAM size to offset base cooling load (TR) Sizing of electrical chillers
95%

Performance analysis
Gas engine SEC (kW/SCM) Overall cooling ikW/TR Building EPI

Cost benefit analysis

Initial cost increament due to gas engine and Initial cost reduction due to size reduction of
Estimation of tariff and operating cost
VAM electrical chillers and hot water generators.

Benefits
Estimation in reduction in kWh and monetary benefits Estimation in reduction of carbon dioxide

Identification and partnership with technology providers

Engine manufacturers VAM manufacturers Design consultants

Innovative financing models

EEESL deemed saving model/ESCO models Low interest loans Public Private Partnership

Ensuring performance of trigeneration by developing M&V

Temperature of waste gases and amount of
Gas engine loading and performance Overall energy consumption
cooling and hot water produced
23 February 2016
PwC Marketing and Outreach
Demonstration projects Knowledge and awareness programs Workshops and conference
Thank you
Building Relationships…

Tarun Garg
Manager-Energy
Advisory-GRID
M: +91-8527886197
tarun.garg@in.pwc.com

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