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Floods are second only to fire as the most Although scientists cannot always predict
common of all natural disasters. They occur almost exactly when floods will occur, they do know a
everywhere in the world, resulting in widespread great deal about when floods are likely, or
damage and even death. Consequently, scientists probably, going to occur. Deep snow, ice-covered
have long tried to perfect their ability to predict rivers, and weak dams are all strong conditions for
floods. So far, the best that scientists can do is to potential flooding. Hopefully, this knowledge of
recognize the potential for flooding in certain why floods happens can help us reduce the damage
conditions. There are a number of conditions, from they cause.
deep snow on the ground to human error, that
cause flooding. 1. The word “debris” in paragraph 4 is
When deep snow melts, it creates a large closest in meaning to ....
amunt of water. Although deep snow alone rarely B. Residue
causes floods, when it occurs together with heavy C. Leftovers
rain and sudden warmer weather, it can lead to D. Wreckage
serious flooding. If there is a fast snow melt on top E. Leavings
of frozen or very wet ground, flooding is more F. Garbage
likely to occur than when the ground is not frozen.
Frozen group or ground that is very wet and 2. The best title of the passage is ....
already saturated with water cannot absorb the A. The most Common Natural Disaster
additional water created by the melting snow. B. Potential Circumstances for Flooding
Melting snow also contributes to high water levels C. Scientists’ Ability to Predict Floods
in rivers and streams. Whenever rivers are already D. Damages Caused by Flood
at their full capacity of water, heavy rains will result E. Prevention of Potensial Flooding
in the rivers overflowing and flooding the
surrounding land. 3. The purpose of the writer is ....
Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead A. To criticize the scientist
to flooding. When ice begins to melt, the surface of B. To ask for actions to help flooding
the ice cracks and breaks into large pieces. These victims
pieces of ice move and float down the river. They C. To inform the readrs on how to stop
can form a dam in the river, causing the water flooding
behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstream. D. To clarify the impacts of flooding
If the dam breaks suddenly, then the large amount E. To explain the conditions that can
of water held behind the dam can flood the areas cause flooding
downstream too.
Broken ice dams are not the only dam 4. The following statements is TRUE
problems that can cause flooding. When a large according to the second paragraph ....
human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water A. Flooding occurs when melting snow
collected behind itu, the result can be devastating. makes the level of a river rise
Dams contain such huge amounts of water behind B. Melting deep snow together with
them that when sudden breaks occur, the heavy rain rarely cause flooding
destructive force of the water is like a great tidak C. Melting snow cause pieces of ice to
wave. Unleashed dam waters can travel tens of block the river, which causes flooding
kilometers, cover the ground in meters of mud D. Pieces of ice move and float down the
debris, and drown and crush every thing and river, making the water too cold
creature in the path. E. Grouping saturated by water will
easily absorb melting snow.

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 PAKET SOAL BAHASA INGGRIS - 1
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5. It can be concluded from the text that the 6. The examples provided in paragraph 2
scientists .... clarify that ....
A. Have come very close to knowing A. Many kinds of liquid should be
when floods will occur groupued as one
B. Are required to provide some help B. Different kinds of gas can be colorless
when flooding ocurs and odorless
C. Believe that flooding is the most C. Materials in chemistry should be
common natural disaster classified differently
D. Have sufficient knowledge to D. Chemistry materials have more
recognize potential flooding complicated classifications
conditions E. Taxonomy can be made and applied
E. Are trying to reduce damage caused further to other areas
by floods
7. Paragraph 2 exemplifies the idea about
Everyone likes to group things. Language classification that ....
students group words as verbs, nouns and so on; A. Chemical may be solid, liquid, and
collections of words are classified as phrases, or gaseous
clauses, or sentences, and these again are B. Appearance is not useful basis in
reclassified according to their function. In the same chemistry
way, botanists classify plants as algae, or fungi, or C. The use of colors is better thant that of
gymnosperms, etc. Zoologists classify animals as appearance
vertebrates and invertebrates. The vertebrates can D. Both colors and appearance should be
be further classified as mammals, reptiles, birds, considered
fish, etc. Classification enables us to keep hold of E. Colors should be included for
more information and, if it is based on the right identifying appearance
data, enables us to understand better the ideas we
are studying. 8. The sentence “ Chemists are no exception”
Chemists are no exception. The chemical (Paragraph 2 line 1) could possibly be
classification of materials, if it is based on a good restated as ....
system, should enable us to understand better the A. In materials classification, chemists
many substances which exist in our word. What is are the exception
to be the basis of our classification? Perhaps the B. Chemical materials can also be put
most obvious one is appearance. Materials coul be into classification
classified as solid, liquid or gas with some mixed C. Classification of chemical materials is
types as, for example, mud being solid/liquid without exception
material and steam a liquid/gas materials. D. Chemists may also classify materials
Appearance could enable us to subdive our main using certain criteria
classification groups a little further , the solid may E. When appearance is the basis,
be green, or black, powdery or crystalline; the chemists are no exception
liquid may be colored, oily, thick, or free flowing;
the gas may be colored. However, we soon realize 9. The paragraph following the passage most
that many probably quite different materials have likely deals with the classification of ....
the same appearance. Both air and the deadly A. Flora and fauna
carbon-monoxide gas are clolorless, odorless gases, B. Human sounds
but we would not like to group them as the same C. Liquids and gases
thing. Many different liquids are colorless, water- D. Human behaviours
like materials. E. Words and phrases

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10. How does the author organize the ideas? C. The decrease of rain forests
A. Presenting causes and their effects D. The excessive explorations of forests
B. Putting the main idea with examples E. The issues on several tropical forests
C. Exposing the main idea
chronologically 12. Paragraphs 1 and 2 are related in that
D. Exemplifying different ways of paragraph 1 ....
classifying A. Argues for the meaning of tropical
E. Presenting the strengths of the main forests of which facts are put in
idea paragraph 2
B. Explores the causes of erosion of
Situated on step slopes montane adn which effects are explained in
watershed forests are especially important in paragraph 2
ensuring water flow and inhibiting erosion. Yet, C. Presents problems in tropical forests
during the 1980s, montane formations suffered the which are exemplified in paragraph 2
highest deforestation rate of tropical forests. D. States problems of deforestation of
When the forests are cut down, less which answer is given in paragraph 2
moisture is evapotranspired into the atmosphere E. Provedes detailed ideas for
resulting in the formation of fewer rain clouds. information described in paragraph 2
Subssequently there is a decline in rainfall,
subjecting the area to drought. Today Madagascar 13. The word ‘its’ in ‘ .... has fallen to 24 th due
is largely a red, treeless desert from generations of to its extensive ....’ (paragraph 2, line 7)
forest clearing with fire. River flows decline and refers to ....
smaller amounts of quality freswater reserves, has A. Colombia
fallen to 24th de to its extensive deforestation over B. Australia
the past 30 years. Excessive deforestation around C. Malaysia
the Malaysia capital of Kuala Lumpur, combined D. Madagascar
with the dry conditons created by el Nino, triggered E. Kuala Lumpur
strict water rationing in 1998, and for the first time
the city had to import water. 14. The following will certainly occur if the
There is serious concern that widespread rate of deforestation increasingly takes
deforestation could lead to a significant decline in place in Kalimantan, except ....
rainfall and trigger a positive-feedback proces of A. Landslide will take place more
increasing dessication for neighboring forest cover. frequently
The newly dissicated forest becomes prone to B. The rate of rainfall will decrease
devastating fires. Such fires materialized in 1997 sharply
and 1998 in conjunction with the dry conditions C. Temperature will increase
created by el Nino. Millions of acres burned as fires significantly
swept through Indonesia, Brazil, Colombia, Central D. The biodiversity of the forests will end
America, Florida, and other places. The woods Hole E. Water rationing will be tighter
Research Center warned that more than 400,000
square kilometers fo Brazilian Amazonia were 15. What is the writer’s attitude like toward
highly vulnerable fire in 1998. deforestation?
A. Positive
11. What is the writer trying to inform the B. Worried
readers? C. Ignorant
A. The effects of erosion D. Indifferent
B. The impact of deforestation E. Concerned

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