THE APPLICATION OF NATIONAL BIOMETRIC DATABASE SYSTEM IN

NIGERIAN ELECTORAL PROCESS

BY

UMAR EMMANUEL
(NOU142552308)

Faculty of Education
Department of Computer Science
National Open University of Nigeria
Jos Study Centre.

November, 2018.

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Fly Leaf

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 TITLE PAGE

THE APPLICATION OF NATIONAL BIOMETRIC DATABASE SYSTEM IN

NIGERIAN ELECTORAL PROCESS

BY

UMAR EMMANUEL
(NOU142552308)

Being a project submitted to Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Science,

National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
award of Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science Education

November, 2018.

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 DECLARATION

I, UMAR Emmanuel hereby declare that this work entitled “The Application of National

Biometric Database System in Nigerian Electoral Process”, is as a result of my effort carried out

in the Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Science, National Open University of

Nigeria, under the supervision of Dr. Deme Abraham Chuwang. I further wish to declare that,

other external work used in this project has been duly acknowledged.

________________________ _____________________
Umar Emmanuel Date

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 CERTIFICATION

This Is To Certify That This Project “The Application of National Biometric Database System

in Nigerian Electoral Process” was carried out By Umar Emmanuel in the Faculty Of

Education, Department of Computer Science, National Open University Of Nigerian in partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelors of Science (B.Sc Ed) Computer Science.

……………………………….. ……………………………..
Dr. Deme Abraham Chuwang Date
(Project Supervisor)

………………………………… ……………………………..
Prof. Timothy James Date
(Centre Director)

………………………………… ……………………………..
Prof. Osuji Uchenna Sydney Ajuna Date
(Dean Faculty of Education)

………………………………… ……………………………..
Prof. Monioluwa Olaniyi Date
(Dean, Faculty of Science)

……………………………….. …………………………….
External Examiner Date

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 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to the loving memory of Suzan, the only sister I ever had.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It was Cicero who said “Gratitude is not just the greatest of virtues, but the parent of all others”. I

therefore wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Deme Abraham Chuwang, I am highly indebted to

you for your tireless assistance, encouragement and guidance. To Messrs. Mathew Umaru Abba,

Collins Ebe, Stephen Jeje, Gad Samuel, Francis Abba M., Gyang Samuel Victor, Oladimeji

Williams and Miss Abel Agnes as well as Rev. Fr. Isaac Umaru Abba. Thank you all for the

kindness.

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 Abstract

This project was centered on the Application of National Biometric Database System in Nigerian

Electoral Process. The current process of registration and the actual voting process is being

operated manually and due to this, numerous problems are been encountered. A design using the

V Model was proposed to improve the manual process and a computerized system was designed

and recommended in order to check these problems. The new system was designed using

Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programming language and the Database was designed using MS

Access. This language was chosen because of its easy syntax and features for developing

windows based applications. The result was accurate, faster and more reliable.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARY
Cover Page……………………………………………………………………………………….i
Fly Leaf………………………………………………………………………………………….ii
Title Page………………………………………………………………………………………..iii
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………iv
Certification………………………………………………………………………………..........v
Dedication……………………………………………………………………………………....vi
Acknowledgment.………………………………………………………………………………vii
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………viii
Table of Content…………………………………………………………………………………ix

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………............1
1.1 Background of Study…………………………………………………………….……….2
1.2 Statement of the Problem…..…………………………………………………………….4
1.3 Research Question……………….……………………………………………….............6
1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………..........6
1.5 Significance of the Studies.………………………………………………………………6
1.6 Scope of the Study ………………………………………………………………………7
1.7 Research Methods ……………………………………………………………………….7
1.8 Assumption of the Study…………………………………………………………………8
19. Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………....9

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………….…………….. ....10
2.1 Review of Fundamental Concepts……………………………………………………….10
2.2 Review of Related Studies……………………………………………………………….21
2.3 The Need for Biometrics in Election Processes………………………………………….23
2.4 The Biometric Database Architecture……………………………………………………24
2.5 Biometric Data to be Captured…………………………………………………………..26
2.6 Merging of the Biometric Data…………………………………………………………..28
2.7 Issuing Voters ID Cards………………………………………………………………….28

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2.8 De-Duplication Procedures……………………………………………………………..29
2.9 Limitations of Biometric Technology…………………………………………………..30
2.0.0 Implications of New Biometric Technologies: Impact on Registration, Voting Procedure ……33
2.0.1 Avoiding Negative Impacts on Voters and Disenfranchisement……………………….34
2.0.2 Data Protection………………………………………………………………………….35
2.0.3 Transparency……………………………………………………………………………36
2.0.4 Steps for Introducing Biometrics……………………………………………………….37
2.0.5 Alternatives to Biometric Technologies………………………………………………...40
2.0.6 Comparison of Biometric Database Voting System with Ordinary Electronic Voting System....42
2.0.7 Challenges Associated with Application of Biometric Database in Electoral Processes.43
2.0.8 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………44

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………45
3.1 Preliminary Investigation………………………………………………………………...45
3.2 Feasibility Studies………………………………………………………………………..46
3.2.0 Cost Feasibility…..………………………………………………………………46
3.2.1 Operational Feasibility…………………………………………………………...47
3.2.2 Technical Feasibility………………………………………………………….….47
3.2.3 Time/Duration…………………………………………………………………....47
3.3 Analysis of the Existing System …………………………………………………….…..48
3.3.0 Deficiencies of the Existing System………………………………...…………...48
3.4 Analysis of the Proposed System…………………………………………………….…..49
3.4.0 Data Gathering and Collection ……………………………………………….….49
3.4.1 Data Presentation ………………………………………………………………..50
3.4.2 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………….50
3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram………………….…………………………………………...51
3.5. Design and Development of the Proposed System………………………………………53
3.5.0 Advantages of the Proposed System……………………………………………..53
3.5.1 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Phases…......…………………….…..54
3.5.2 Requirement Analysis ……………………………………………………...……56

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 3.5.3 Design of the Proposed System ……………………………………………..….59
3.5.3.0 System Architecture..;………………………………………………………..…60
3.5.4 Registration and Voters Information Capture Process……………………….…61
3.5.4.0 Biometric Matching and Voting Process………………………………….…….62
3.5.4.1 Client computers…………………………………………………………….…..63
3.5.4.2 Template generation………………………………………………………….…64
3.5.4.3 Fingerprint Recognition………………………………………………….……...64
3.5.5 Unified Modeling Language (UML)…………………………………………....65
3.5.5.0 Use Case Diagram ……………………………………………….……………..65
3.5.5.1 Class Diagram………………………………………………….……………….66
3.5.5.2 Activity Diagram……………………………………………….……………….68
3.5.5.3 Sequence diagram……………………………………………….…………...…69
3.6 Database Design…………………………………………………………….……….….71
3.6.0 Database Specification……………………………………………….…………72
3.6.1 Database Tables……………………………………………………….………...72
3.6.2 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) for Database Tables……………..………..74
3.7 System Implementation…………………………………………………………….…...75
3.7.0 System Software..…………………………………………………………..….76
3.7.1 Application Software………..………………………………………………....76
3.7.1.0 Software Requirement………………………………………………………....77
3.7.1.1 Hardware Requirement.………………………………………………………..77
3.7.2 Review of Programming Language in Use………..……….………………….78
3.7.2.0 Language Justification…………..………………………….………………….78
3.7.3 System Conversion……………………………………………..……………….78
3.7.4 System and Program Flowcharts………………………………..………………79
3.7.4.0 System Flowchart of the Project………………………………….…….………81
3.7.4.1 Program Flowchart………………………………………………………..……82
3.7.4.1.0 Candidates Registration Flowchart………………………………………...…82
3.7.4.1.1 Voter’s Registration Flowchart……………………………………………..…83
3.7.4.1.2 Voting Process Flowchart…………………………………………….…….…84
3.7.4.1.3 View Results Process…….……………………………………………………85

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 CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………………….……..86
4.1 Admin Login Page ……………………………………………………………………86
4.2 The fingerprint scanner Page. ………………………………………………...............87
4.3 Home Page…………………………………………………………………………….87
4.4 The Shortcut Menu……………………………………………………………………88
4.5 Account Page………………………………………………………………………….89
4.6 Candidate Registration/Profile Page……………………………………………….….90
4.7 Voters Registration/Profile Page……………………………………………………....90
4.8 Candidate List Page…………………………………………………………..….…….91
4.9 Voters’ List Page…………………………………………………………………..…..92
4.10 Voters’ Login/Biometric Verification Page…………………………………………...92
4.11 The Result Collation Page…………………………………………………..…………93
4.11 About Me Page………………………………………………………………..……….94
4.12 The Exit/Quit Application Page………………………………………………………..94
4.13 The Database Tables………………………………………………….………………..95
4.13.0 Database Home Page………………………………………………...………………95
4.13.1 Admin Database Page………………………………………………….………….…96
4.13.2: Candidates Database Page……………………………………………………..….…96
4.13.3: Voters Database Page…………………………………………………………..……97
4.13.4: Voted Database Page……………………………………………….…………..……98
4.13.5: Result Database Page……………………………………………………..……..……98
4.14 Limitation of the Software Program……………………………………………………99

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.0 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………..100
5.1 Recommendation …………………………………………………………………….101
5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………....102
References………………………………………………………………….…….…...104
Appendix …………………………………………………………………………….105

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Admin Table……………..........…………………………….………………......72

Table 2: Candidates Table….………………….……………….………………………...73

Table 3: Voters Table……………………….....................................................................73

Table 4: Votes Table……………………………………………………….......................74

Table 5: Results Table……..…….…………………………………………………….…74

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.4.3: Data Flow Diagram………….................................................................................52

Figure 3.5.1: System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Phases………………………………...55

Figure 3.5.3.0: Diagram Showing the Interaction of Different Systems (Back Ends and Front Ends) ....61

Figure 3.5.5.0: Use Case Diagram for Biometric Database System…………………………….66

Figure 3.5.5.1: Class Diagram………………………………………………...………………...68

Figure 3.5.5.2: Activity Diagram……………………….………………………….……………69

Figure 3.5.5.3: Sequence Diagram……………………………………………………..……….70

Figure 3.5.5.4: Entity Relationship Diagram……………………………………………….…...71

Figure 3.6.2a: Crow’s Foot Notation……………………………………………………….……75

Figure 3.6.2b: Entity relationship Diagram for Database Tables………………………………..75

Figure 3.7.4: System Flowchart Symbols and their Functions…………………………………..80

Figure 3.7.4.0 System Flowchart of the Project……………………………………..…………81

Figure 3.7.4.1 Program Flowchart…………………………………………………….……..…82

Figure 3.7.4.1.0 Candidates Registration Flowchart……………………………………………82

Figure 3.7.4.1.1 Voter’s Registration Flowchart……………………………………..…………83

Figure 3.7.4.1.2 Voting Process Flowchart…………………………………………..…………84

Figure 3.7.4.1.3 View Results Process……………………………………………………….…85

Figure 4.1 Admin Login Page ………………………………………………………………86

Figure 4.2 The fingerprint scanner Page. …………………………………………………...87
Figure 4.3a Home Page…………………………………………………………………….…88

Figure 4.3b Home Page…………………………………………………………………….…88

Figure 4.4 The Shortcut Menu………………………………………………………………89

Figure 4.5 Account Page………………………………………………………………….…89

Figure 4.6 Candidate Registration/Profile Page……………………………………….….…90

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Figure 4.7 Voters Registration/Profile Page…………………………………………….…99

Figure 4.8 Candidate List Page………………………………………………………….…91

Figure 4.9 Voters’ List Page…………………………………………………………….…92

Figure 4.10 Voters’ Login/Biometric Verification Page……………………………………93

Figure 4.11 The Result Collation Page……………………………………………………...93

Figure 4.11 About Me Page…………………………………………………………………94

Figure 4.12 The Exit/Quit Application Page………………………………………………..94

Figure 4.13 The Database Tables…………………………………………………………...95

Figure 4.13.0 Database Home Page…………………………………………………………96

Figure 4.13.1 Admin Database Page…………………………………………………..……96

Figure 4.13.2: Candidates Database Page……………………………………………………97

Figure 4.13.3: Voters Database Page…………………………………………………...……97

Figure 4.13.4: Voted Database Page……………………………………………………...…98

Figure 4.13.5: Result Database Page…………………………………………………….……99

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