Livestock Breed Development - Problem and Prospects by Malik Mohammad Omar

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ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION & FARM ESTABLISHMENT
wm Gj wc †cÖvMÖvg
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ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION & FARM ESTABLISHMENT
cÖKvkKvj
cÖ_g cÖKvk t 1998
cyb:cÖKvk t 2011
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18/26/4, ïKjvj `vm †ivW, XvKv-1100|
ISBN 984-34-5054-X
ORIGINAL PUBLICATION
DAIRY BREED IMPROVEMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF DAIRY FARM (Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb I `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb), Written by: Md.
Morshedur Rahman Edited by: Abu Sadeque Md. Selim. First Edition: July, 1998. Published by: Publishing, Printing & Distribution
Division, Bangladesh Open University.
HUSBANDRY OF DOMESTIC BIRDS AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT (M„ncvwjZ cvwL cvjb I nuvmgyiwMi n¨vPvwi eë¯’vcbv), Written
by: Professor Dr. S.D.M. Bulbul, Professor M.A. Wahid, Professor Abidur Reza and Professor Dr. Md. Abdur Rahman Edited by: Dr. A
N M Aminoor Rahman & Md. Morshedur Rahman. First Edition: October, 1997. Published by: Publishing, Printing & Distribution
Division, Bangladesh Open University.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any means without prior permission of the copyright holder.
m~PxcÎ
BDwbU 1 Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb 1-44

cvV 1.1 RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I c×wZ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 2
cvV 1.2 Mvfx I luv‡oi cÖRbbZš¿ ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .. 13
cvV 1.3 eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ, Mig nIqvi j¶Y I KiYxq ... .... ... 19
cvV 1.4 K…wÎg cÖRbb ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ..... ... ... .. 24
cvV 1.5 Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ..... ... ... .. 32
cvV 1.6 Mf©Kvjxb, cÖmeKvjxb I cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPh©v ... ... 37
eënvwiK
cvV 1.7 Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41
cvV 1.8 Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42
BDwbU 2 `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb 45-82

cvV 2.1 `y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖv_wgK KiYxq ... ... ... ... ... .... .... .... 46
cvV 2.2 `y» Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 53
cvV 2.3 `ya †`vnb I `ya evRviRvZKib ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 64
cvV 2.4 3-5wU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖKí cÖYqY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 72
cvV 2.5 `y» Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... 76
eënvwiK
cvV 2.6 nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... .... 79
cvV 2.7 e¨vsK †_‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb wbR LvZvq †jLv ... ... .... 80
BDwbU 3 gyiwMi Lvgvi ¯’vcb 83-107
cvV 3.1 gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbev©Pb ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 83
cvV 3.2 eªqjvi Lvgvi cwiKíbv I ¯’vcb ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 86
cvV 3.3 wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi cwiKíbv I ¯’vcb ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 91
cvV 3.4 Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b KvRKg© ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 96
eënvwiK
cvV 3.5 eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii cÖKí cÖ¯‘ZKiY ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 99
cvV 3.6 wWgcvov gyiwM Lvgv‡ii GKwU cÖKí cÖ¯‘ZKiY ... ... ... ... .... 102
Z_¨m~Î 108
cvV wb‡`©kbv
ÔK…wÎg cÖRbb I Lvgvi ¯’vcbÕ †Kvm©eBwU we‡klfv‡e K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj-Gi wmGjwc †cÖvMÖv‡gi QvÎ/QvÎx‡ì Rb¨ †jLv
n‡q‡Q| Avcwb Rv‡bb, `~iwk¶vq wk¶‡Ki mve©¶wYK Dcw¯’wZ †bB| ZvB cv‡Vi †Kv‡bv KwVb welq †hb Avcbvi eyS‡Z
Amyweav bv nq †mw`‡K `„wó †i‡LB †Kvm©eBwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| †Kvm©eBwUi Avw½K I Dc¯’vcbv ZvB cÖPwjZ cvVëB †_‡K
wKQyUv wfbœ ai‡bi| †h‡nZz mivmwi wk¶‡Ki mvnvh¨ QvovB †Kvm©eBwU Avcbv‡K wb‡R c‡o eyS‡Z n‡e, ZvB GwU wKfv‡e
co‡eb cÖ_‡gB Zv †R‡b wbb| G‡Z †Kvm©eBwU co‡Z I eyS‡Z Avcbvi myweav n‡e|
†Kvm©eBwUi iƒc‡iLv
ÔK…wÎg cÖRbb I Lvgvi ¯’vcbÕ †Kvm©eBwU wZbwU BDwb‡U wef³| cÖwZwU BDwb‡U GKvwaK cvV i‡q‡Q| cvV msL¨v wba©viY
Kiv n‡q‡Q BDwb‡Ui welqe¯‘i Ici wbf©i K‡i| BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v K‡i mvRv‡bv n‡jI G‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU
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BDwb‡Ui f‚wgKv
cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui ïiæ‡ZB i‡q‡Q GKwU f‚wgKv| f‚wgKvq BDwb‡Ui welqe¯‘i D‡Ïk¨ Ges ¸iæZ¡ ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
BDwbUwU‡Z Kx Kx welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q ms‡¶‡c ZviI D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avcwb BDwb‡Ui ïiæ‡ZB †R‡b
hv‡”Qb cv‡Vi g~j Av‡jvP¨m~wP Kx?
cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨
j¶¨ Ki‡eb cÖwZwU cv‡Vi ïiæ‡Z GK ev GKvwaK mywbw`©ó D‡Ïk¨ †`qv Av‡Q| cÖwZwU D‡Ïk¨‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cv‡Vi welqe¯‘
mnRfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV †k‡l cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wK−bv Zv wb‡R wb‡RB g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|
GRb¨ cvV †k‡l ¯^g~j¨vqb cÖkœ A_©¨vr cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb i‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avcwb cvVwU KZUzKz eyS‡Z cvi‡jb Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
AvBK‡bi (Icon) eënvi

cv‡Vi welqe¯‘¸‡jv GK`„wó‡Z ey‡S †bqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †Kvm©eBwUi wewfbœ RvqMvq wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖZxK ev AvBKb
eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv †`‡L Avcwb mn‡RB welqe¯‘i Dc¯’vcbv Ges Avcbvi KiYxq wK Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb| wb‡gœ G
†Kvm©eBwU‡Z eëüZ wewfbœ ai‡bi AvBK‡bi A_© wb‡`©k Kiv n‡jv−
= co~b I j¶¨ Kiæb
= Avewk¨K cvV/mvigg©
= Qwe †`Lyb
= P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
" = cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
= DËigvjv
e· wjLb
cv‡Vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wk¶Yxq Ask‡K AviI AvKl©Yxq K‡i cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡SB Òe· wjL‡biÓ gva¨‡g Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| cªwZwU Òe· wjLbÓ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b Ges g‡b ivLvi †Póv Kiæb|
mvigg©
wKQy wKQy cv‡V mvigg© †`qv Av‡Q| mvigg© c‡o Avcwb wbw`©ó cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© AwZ mn‡RB aviYv wb‡Z cvi‡eb|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
cÖwZwU cv‡Vi †k‡l Avcwb cvVwU KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Zv hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb| cvVwU fv‡jvfv‡e
†evSvi ci cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi †`qvi †Póv Kiæb| AZtci Avcbvi †`qv DËi BDwbU †k‡l †`qv DË‡ii
mv‡_ wgwj‡q wbb| me¸‡jv DËi mwVK n‡j cieZx© cvV ïiæ Kiæb Ab¨_vq cvVwU cybivq co~b|
P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb
cÖwZ BDwb‡Ui †k‡l i‡q‡Q P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb| G‡Z msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ i‡q‡Q| G cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi ˆZwi Kivi †Póv Kiæb,
hv Avcbv‡K cix¶vq fv‡jv djvdj Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| G‡¶‡Î Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨m~‡Îi mvnvh¨ wb‡Z cv‡ib| GQvov cÖ‡qvR‡b
Avcbvi wUDU‡ii mv‡_I K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib| BDwb‡Ui me¸‡jv cvV fv‡jvfv‡e co‡j P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi cÖkœ¸‡jv mgvav‡b
†Kv‡bv Amyweav n‡e bv|
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION & FARM ESTABLISHMENT (KRITRIM PRAJONON O KHAMAR STHAPAN), Written by: Md.
Morshedur Rahman First Edition: July, 1998. Computer Compose & D.T.P: Kazi Md. Giasuddin. Published by: Publishing, Printing
& Distribution Division. ©Bangladesh Open University.
BDwbU 1 BDwbU 1 Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
Mvfx cvjb‡K jvfRbK wkí wn‡m‡e cÖwZôvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb DbœZRv‡Zi Mvfxi| †h mg¯Í Mvfx
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwi‡e‡k cvjb Li‡Pi Zzjbvq AwaK Drcv`‡b m¶g Zv‡ì‡K DbœZ RvZ wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ Kiv hvq| DbœZ RvZ m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mwVK cÖRbb Kg©m~Px Ges fwel¨Z eskai
m„wó‡Z we‡kl `„wó cÖ`vb| GRb¨B wewfbœ cÖRbb c×wZ, Mvfxi cÖRbbZš¿, K…wÎg cÖRbb
†KŠkj, Mf© I cÖmeKvjxb Ges cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© mg¨K Ávb _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I c×wZ, luvo I Mvfxi RbbZš¿, eKbv ev Mvfxi
FZzPµ, Mig nIqvi j¶Y I KiYxq, K…wÎg cÖRbb, Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q, Mf© I cÖmeKvjxb Ges
cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv©, Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY, Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx
kbv³KiY m¤ú‡K© ZvwË¡K I eënvwiKmn we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
parmanent
RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges c×wZ
luvo I Mvfxi RbbZš¿
Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ, Mig

BDwbU 1 Gi (eënvwiK) nIqvi j¶Y I KiYxq
g~j D‡Ïk¨ I
cvV web¨vm
K…wÎg cÖRbb
Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q

(eënvwiK)
Mf© I cÖmeKvjxb Ges cÖm‡evËi

Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPh©v
AwaK Drcv`b¶g my¯’, mej,

fwel¨Z eskai
cvV 1.1 RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges c×wZ
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb Ñ

■ RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ evQvB m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ wewfbœ mgvMg c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ evsjv‡`‡ki Mevw`cïi Dbœq‡b ONBS c×wZi f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z
cvi‡eb|
c„w_ex‡Z K‡e KLb cïcvwL M„ncvwjZKiY ïiæ n‡qwQj Zv mwVKfv‡e Rvbv bv †M‡jI avibv
Kiv nq †h cyivZb cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi †klfv‡M Ges be¨cÖ¯Íi hy‡Mi ïiæ‡Z gvbyl cïcvwL cvjb ïiæ
K‡i| mf¨Zvi µgweKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbyl M„ncvwjZ cï †_‡K AwaK Drcv`b cvIqvi wPšÍv
Ki‡Z _v‡K| ievU© e¨vKI‡qj †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †g‡Û‡ji m~Î Avwe®‹v‡ii ga¨ w`‡q AvaywbK
†KŠwjweÁvb I cï cÖRbb we`¨vi D™¢e N‡U‡Q| †KŠwjweÁv‡bi Ávb I g~jbxwZ‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
cï cÖRbb we`¨vi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb weï× RvZ D™¢veb Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q Aciw`‡K †Zgwb
wewfbœ †`‡ki ¯’vbxq AbybœZ Rv‡Zi Drcv`b `¶Zv evov‡bv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨

RvZ Dbœq‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Mevw`cïi wKQy êwkó¨, †hgb− `ya Drcv`b, ˆ`wnK e„w×,
†hŠb cwic°Zv, gvsm Drcv`b BZ¨vwì Dbœqb mvab| G Dbœqb `yÕfv‡e NUv‡bv hvq− K)
†KŠwjK gv‡bi Dbœqb NwU‡q (Genetic improvement) Ges L) cwi‡ekMZ Dbœqb NwU‡q
(Environmental improvement)|
Dchy³ Lv`¨, eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vwì eë¯’v K‡i cwi‡ekMZ Dbœqb NUv‡bv hvq| wKš‘ †KŠwjK
gv‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ PvB mwVK cÖRbb †KŠkj|
cï cÖRb‡bi `y‡Uv nvwZqvi Mevw`cïi cÖRbb †KŠkj wVK Kivi c~‡e© cÖ_‡gB †f‡e wb‡Z n‡e cÖRbb Kx D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv n‡e
i‡q‡Q− evQvB (Selection) I ev †Kvb& êwk‡óï Dbœqb NUv‡bv n‡e| cï cÖRb‡bi `y‡Uv nvwZqvi i‡q‡Q− evQvB (Selection)
mgvMg (Mating)| I mgvMg (Mating)|
evQvB (Selection)
Mevw`cïi RvZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB ìKvi wbw`©ó †`‡ki cÖvß RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evQvB K‡i
AwaK Drcv`b¶g I AwaK ¸Yv¸Y m¤úbœ Mevw`cï wbev©Pb Kiv| evQvB Kvh© mwVK I DbœZ bv
n‡j cÖRbb Kg©m~Px KL‡bvB mdj n‡e bv|
evQvB c×wZ cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi−

1. U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ (Tandem method)
2. Aeva QvUvB c×wZ (Independent culling method)
3. evQvB m~PK c×wZ (Selection Index method)
1. U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ (Tandem method)

†Kv‡bv Rv‡Zi GKvwaK
êwkó¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKK †Kv‡bv Rv‡Zi GKvwaK êwkó¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ GKK êwkó¨ evQvB‡qi gva¨‡g
êwkó¨ evQvB‡qi gva¨‡g chv©qµwgK Dbœqb Kiv‡K U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ e‡j| GB c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU êwk‡óï
chv©qµwgK Dbœqb Kiv‡K m‡šÍvlRbK DbœwZ bv nIqv ch©šÍ H êwk‡óï Rb¨ evQvB cÖwµqv Pvwj‡q hvIqv nq|
U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ e‡j| GKwU êwk‡óï Dbœqb n‡j ZLb Ab¨ êwk‡óï Rb¨ evQvB cÖwµqv ïiæ Kiv nq| Gfv‡e
me¸‡jv êwk‡óï Dbœqb bv nIqv ch©šÍ evQvB cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î me‡P‡q
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 2

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨wU cÖ_g wbev©Pb Kiv nq| †hgb− Mvfxi †¶‡Î `ya Drcv`b, De©iZv,
`y‡a me©‡gvU KwVb c`v‡_©i cwigvY − GB wZbwU êwk‡óï g‡a¨ †hwU me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†mwU cÖ_g GKK êwkó¨ wn‡m‡e wbev©Pb Ki‡Z n‡e| hLb †mB êwkó¨ Kvw•¶Z ¯Í‡i
P‡j Avm‡e ZLb Aci êwkó¨ GKK êwkó¨ wn‡m‡e wbev©Pb Ki‡Z n‡e|
myweav (Advantages)
• Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evQvBK…Z êwkó¨mg~‡ni g‡a¨ hLb AvKvw•¶Z †KŠwjK AbyeÜ (genetic
correlation) _v‡K ZLb GB c×wZwU †ewk Kvh©Kix nq| †KŠwjK AbyeÜ n‡”Q evQvB‡qi
gva¨‡g GKwU êwk‡óï Dbœqb NUv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨ êwkó¨‡Z Dbœqb N‡U|
• mvaviYZ †h mg¯Í `‡j GKwU gvÎ êwkó¨ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvjb Kiv nq †m‡¶‡Î GB
c×wZ myweavRbK|
• wbw`©ó êwk‡óï A_©‰bwZK ¸iæ‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z GKmv‡_ GKwUgvÎ êwk‡óï Dbœqb Kiv
hvq|
Amyweav (Disadvantages)
• Kg `¶ c×wZ|
• Dbœqb Ki‡Z Lye †ewk mgq Ges A_© jv‡M|
• hLb `y‡Uv êwk‡óï g‡a¨ †KŠwjK AbyeÜ †b‡MwUf nq ZLb evQvBGi dj¯îƒc GKwU
êwk‡óï Dbœqb NU‡jI Ab¨ êwk‡óï AebwZ N‡U|
2. Aeva QvUvB c×wZ (Independent culling method)

GB c×wZ‡Z GKB mg‡q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK êwk‡óï DbœwZi Rb¨ evQvB KvR Pvjv‡bv nq
Aeva QvUvB c×wZ‡Z GKB
mg‡q `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Ges cÖwZwU êwk‡óï Rb¨ b~b¨Zg gvb avh© Kiv nq| cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ wbev©wPZ n‡Z n‡j
êwk‡óï DbœwZi Rb¨ evQvB wbev©wPZ cï‡K cÖwZwU êwk‡óï H b~b¨Zg gvb †c‡Z nq| †Kvb GKwU êwk‡óï Rb¨
KvR Pvjv‡bv nq Ges cÖwZwU hw` cïwU b~¨bZg gv‡bi †P‡q Kg nq Z‡e H cï‡K cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq bv|
êwk‡óï Rb¨ b~b¨Zg gvb
avh© Kiv nq| aiv hvK, `ya Drcv`b, `ya QvovKvjxb mg‡q IRb, Ges cÖ_g cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q eqm
BZ¨vw` êwk‡óï Rb¨ wZbwU Mvfxi g‡a¨B evQvB KvR Pvjv‡bv n‡e| GB wZbwU
êwk‡óï Rb¨ QuvUvB gvÎv h_vµ‡g 1.8 wjUvi/w`b, 65 †KwR, Ges 53 gvm †Ìqv
Av‡Q|
D`vniY¯îƒc t
Mvfx Mo `ya Drcv`b/w`b `ya QvovKvjxb mg‡q cÖ_g cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q
(†KwR) IRb (†KwR) eqm (gvm)
1 1.6 65.2 55
2 1.2 70.6 57
3 1.9 67.0 53
GLv‡b Avgiv 3 bs MvfxwU‡K evQvB Kie|
myweav (Advantages)
• †Kvb cï‡K cÖ`k©bxi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kivi †¶‡Î GB c×wZ me‡P‡q fvj dj †`q| KviY
G‡¶‡Î cï‡K me êwk‡óï Rb¨ DrK…ó n‡Z nq|
• GKm‡½ A‡bK êwk‡óï Rb¨ evQvB Kvh© Pvjv‡bv hvq|
• †Kvb we‡kl êwk‡óï Rb¨ AcÖvß eq‡mB QvUvB Kiv hvq d‡j LiP Kg nq|
K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 3

GB c×wZi me‡P‡q eo Amyweav n‡jv, GKwU cÖvYx GKwU êwk‡óï Rb¨ fvj `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Kiv
m‡Ë¡I Ab¨ êwk‡óï gvb QvUvBgvÎvi wb‡P _vKvq H cÖvYx‡K QvUvB Ki‡Z nq| D`vniY¯îƒc
2bs Mvfxi `ya QvovKvjxb mg‡q IRb †ewk nIqv m‡Ë¡I Mo `ya Drcv`b QvUvB gvÎvi wb‡P
nIqvq MvfxwU‡K QvUvB Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
3. evQvB m~PK c×wZ (Selection Index method)

GB c×wZ me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix I RwUj| GB c×wZ‡Z evQvB Gi Rb¨ wbav©wiZ
evQvB m~PK c×wZ me‡P‡q
Kvh©Kix I RwUj| êwkó¨¸‡jvi b~b¨Zg gvb aiv nq Ges cÖwZwU êwk‡óï b~b¨Zg gv‡bi mv‡_ Av‡cw¶K
A_©‰bwZK g~j¨ ¸Y K‡i I c‡i me¸‡jv êwk‡óï gvb †hvM K‡i Bb‡W· gvb (Index
value) ev m~PK †ei Kiv nq| mvaviYZ Bb‡W· gvb ev m~PK‡K I w`‡q wPwýZ Kiv
nq| cieZx©‡Z Bb‡W· gvb †`‡L cÖvYx‡K evQvB Kiv nq A_v©r †h cÖvYxi Bb‡W· gvb
H êwkó¨¸‡jvi Rb¨ †ewk _v‡K Zv‡K evQvB Kiv nq Ges Gfv‡e evQvB Kvh© Pvwj‡q
hvIqv nq| Z‡e evQvB m~PK c×wZwU gvsm ev `y‡ai Miæ A‡c¶v †fov Ges ïKz‡ii
†ejvq †ewk Kvh©Kifv‡e eëüZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
aiv hvK, `ya Drcv`b, ˆ`wnK IRb I Lv`¨ iƒcvšÍ‡ii `¶Zv GB êwkó¨¸‡jvi Rb¨
wZbwU Mvfxi Bb‡W· gvb †ei Kiv n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, Mvfx wZbwUi GB êwkó¨¸‡jvi
b~b¨Zg gvb I Av‡cw¶K A_©‰bwZK gvb wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv|
Mvfx `ya Drcv`b (wjUvi) ˆ`wnK IRb (†KwR) Lv`¨ iƒcvšÍ‡ii `¶Zv
1 10 400 5
2 8 700 7
3 5 600 6
Av‡cw¶K A_©‰bwZK gvb−
`ya Drcv`b = 0.6
ˆ`wnK IRb = 0.2
Lv`¨ iƒcvšÍ‡ii `¶Zv = 0.2
m~PK I = x1 b1 + x2 b2 + x3 b3 + - - - - - - - - + xn bn
GLv‡b,
x1 = `ya Drcv`b b1 = `ya Drcv`‡bi Av‡cw¶K A_©‰bwZK gvb|
x2 = ˆ`wnK IRb b2 = ˆ`wnK IR‡bi Av‡cw¶K A_©‰bwZK gvb|
x3 = Lv`¨ iƒcvšÍ‡ii `¶Zv b3 = Lv`¨ iƒcvšÍi `¶Zvi Av‡cw¶K A_©‰bwZK gvb|
1bs Mvfxi Bb‡W· gvb = 10 × 0.6 + 400 × 0.2 + 5 × 0.2

= 6.0 + 80.0 + 1.0
= 87
2bs Mvfxi Bb‡W· gvb = 8 × .6 + 700 × 0.2 + 7 × 0.2
= 4.8 + 140.0 + 1.4
= 146.2
3bs Mvfxi Bb‡W· gvb = 5 × .6 + 600 × 0.2 + 6 × 0.2
= 3.0 + 120.0 +1.2
= 124.2
GLv‡b 2bs MvfxwU‡K evQvB Kiv n‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
myweav (Advantages)
1. me‡P‡q `¶ c×wZ|
2. mgq Kg jv‡M|
3. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK êwk‡óï Dbœqb GKm‡½ Kiv hvq|
4. †gvU †¯‹v‡ii wfwË‡Z cï QvUvB Kiv hvq|
5. mKj welq h_vh_fv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i mwVKfv‡e hw` †Kvb Bb‡W· ˆZwi Kiv nq Z‡e Zv
AwaKZKi mnR n‡q _v‡K Ges G‡Z mgq I cÖ‡Póv mv‡c‡¶ †ewk cwigvY †KŠwjK
Dbœqb N‡U _v‡K|
1. †ek RwUj c×wZ|
2. GKmv‡_ AwaK êwk‡óï Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Ki‡Z A‡bK mgq Amyweav nq|
3. GB c×wZi Kvh©KvwiZv Ges mwVKZv wbf©i K‡i mwVKfv‡e evQvB m~PK ˆZwii Dci Ges
GRb¨ cÖRbb Kg©m~Px‡Z AwfÁ †jv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|
evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix (Aids to selection)

†h mg¯Í Dcv`vb cï
cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Kivi †h mg¯Í Dcv`vb cï cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Kivi †¶‡Î mnvqZv K‡i, †m Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv
†¶‡Î mnvqZv K‡i, †m evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix| evQvB Gi †¶‡Î †hme Dcv`vb AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq Zv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv
Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv evQvB n‡jv−
1. mvZš¿¨Zv ev evwn¨K bgybv ev mij †d‡bvUvBwcK evQvB (Individual or Mass or Simple
phenotypic selection)
2. mvivRxe‡bi Drcv`b ¶gZvi Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB (Lifetime performance records)
3. eskweei‡Yi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Pedigree selection)
4. cwievi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Family selection)
5. mšÍvb cix¶vi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Progeny testing)
1. mvZš¿¨Zv ev evwn¨K bgybv ev mij †d‡bvUvBwcK evQvB (Individual or Mass or

fvj RvZ Drcv`b Ki‡Z Ges
Simple phenotypic selection)
evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z eënvi
Kivi Rb¨ cïi wbR¯^ fvj RvZ Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ Ges evwYwR¨K wfwË‡Z eënvi Kivi Rb¨ cïi wbR¯^
¸Yv¸‡Yi wfwË‡Z G‡K ¸Yv¸‡Yi wfwË‡Z G‡K cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv‡K ¯^vZš¿¨Zv evQvB e‡j| G‡¶‡Î
cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv‡K cï‡K Zvi wbR¯^ evwn¨K êwk‡óï Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Kiv nq| †hgb− `ya
¯^vZš¿¨Zv evQvB e‡j| Drcv`b, `y‡a †ønc`v‡_©i kZKiv nvi BZ¨vw`| D`vniY¯îƒc, †Kvb Lvgv‡i hw` 500
Mvfx _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡ì `ya Drcv`‡bi †iKW© †`‡L hv‡ì Drcv`b me‡P‡q †ewk Zv‡ì
evQvB Kiv nq|
2. mvivRxe‡bi Drcv`b ¶gZvi Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB (Lifetime performance

records)
GKwU cÖvYx Zvi Drcv`b `¶Zvi avivevwnKZv KZUzKz eRvq ivL‡Q Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i
GKwU cÖvYx Zvi Drcv`b
`¶Zvi avivevwnKZv KZUzKz GB ai‡bi evQvB Kiv n‡q _v‡K| D`vniY¯îƒc, GKwU Mvfx Zvi RxebKv‡j cÖwZ
eRvq ivL‡Q Zvi Dci wfwË j¨vK‡Ukb wcwiq‡W Kx cwigvY `ya Drcv`b Ki‡Q Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i H MvfxwU evQvB
K‡i GB ai‡bi evQvB Kiv Kiv hvq| cwi‡ekMZ bvbvwea Amyweav _vKv m‡Ë¡I DbœZ †KŠwjK ¸Ym¤úbœ GKwU cÖvYxi
n‡q _v‡K| mviv eQ‡ii Mo Drcv`b †gvUvgywU GKB _vK‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, DrK…ó Rv‡Zi GKwU
`yav‡jv Mvfx‡K hw` mwVK cwigvY Lv`¨ I Dchy³ eë¯’vcbv †`qv bvI nq, ZeyI H
MvfxwU Ab¨ Mvfxi Zzjbvq †ewk cwigvY `ya †`‡e| myZivs GKRb cÖRbbKvix Lye
mn‡RB GKwU Mvfxi Drcv`b ¶gZvi Z_¨¸‡jv †`‡L Zvi fwel¨Z Drcv`b ¶gZv

m¤ú‡K© avibv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †KŠwjweÁv‡b, GB welqwU‡K e‡j Òwiwc‡UwewjwUÓ A_©vr

wiwc‡UwewjwU ej‡Z †evSvq GKwU cÖvYxi RxebKv‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv GKwU êwk‡óï Kxfv‡e
cybive„wË NU‡Q|
3. esk weei‡Yi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Pedigree selection)

esk weeiY ej‡Z †Kvb cïcvwLi c~e©cyiæ‡li †iKW©‡KB †evSvq, hvi gva¨‡g H cïwU
esk weeiY ej‡Z †Kvb
cïcvwLi c~e©cyiæ‡li †iKW©- Zvi wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| eskweeiY evQvB Gi g~j Aej¤^b bv n‡jI GwU
‡KB †evSvq, hvi gva¨‡g H evQvB Gi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Gi KviY n‡jv cÖwZwU cÖvYx Zvi wcZv †_‡K A‡a©K Ges
cïwU Zvi wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ gvZv †_‡K A‡a©K êwkó¨ †c‡q _v‡K| wb‡æv³ Kvi‡Y Avgiv eskweei‡Yi wfwË‡Z evQvB
m¤úK©hy³| Gi ¸iæZ¡ †`B−
• cïi wbR¯^ ¸Yvejx m¤ú‡K© chv©ß Z‡_ï Afve n‡j|
• †Kvb cï‡K ˆkk‡e evQvB Gi †¶‡Î| KviY A‡bK êwkó¨ Av‡Q †h¸‡jv cï
†KejgvÎ c~Y©eq¯‹ n‡jB cÖKvk cvq|
• GB c×wZi eënvi mnR|
• wKQy wKQy êwkó¨ ïay GKwjs‡M †`Lv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î Ab¨ wjs‡Mi cÖvYx evQvB Gi
Rb¨ eskweeiY †`‡L evQvB Kiv nq|
• wcZv-gvZvi êwkó¨ †Kgb wQj Zv †R‡b H ¯^Zš¿ cÖvYx‡Z †Kvb& †Kvb& êwkó¨
cÖKvk cvevi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mUv Rvbv hvq|
4. cwievi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Family selection)

G‡¶‡Î cwiev‡ii Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB Kiv nq| GB c×wZ †ewkifvM †¶‡Î
†cvwëªi Rb¨ eëüZ nq| cwievi wZb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i−
i) wcZvi cwievi (Sire family)
GKwU wcZvi mv‡_ hLb wewfbœ gvZvi wgj‡bi d‡j ev”Pv Drcbœ nq ZLb Zv‡K wcZvi
cwiev‡ii ev”Pv e‡j|
ii) gvZvi cwievi (Dam family)
hLb GKwU gvZvi mv‡_ wewfbœ wcZvi wgj‡bi d‡j ev”Pv Drcbœ nq ZLb Zv‡K Mvfxi
cwiev‡ii ev”Pv e‡j|
iii) wcZv I gvZvi cwievi (Sire and dam family)
hLb GKwU wcZvi mv‡_ GKwU gvZvi wgj‡bi d‡j ev”Pv Drcbœ nq ZLb Zv‡K wcZv I
gvZvi cwiev‡ii ev”Pv e‡j|
5. mšÍvb cix¶vi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Progeny testing)

†Kv‡bv cÖvYxi ev”Pvi êwkó¨
cix¶vi gva¨‡g H cÖvYxi †Kv‡bv cÖvYxi ev”Pvi êwkó¨ cix¶vi gva¨‡g H cÖvYxi cÖRbb gvb wbY©q K‡i evQvB
cÖRbb gvb wbY©q K‡i evQvB Kivi c×wZ‡K mšÍvb cix¶vi gva¨‡g evQvB e‡j|
Kivi c×wZ‡K mšÍvb cix¶vi
gva¨‡g evQvB e‡j|
A_ev Ab¨ K_vq wewfbœ cÖvYxi ev”Pv cix¶v Kivi gva¨‡g mywcwiqi ev DrK…ó MÖæc wbY©q
Kiv nq Ges GB wfwË‡Z fwel¨Z cÖRb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ mywcwiqi cÖRbb cÖvYx‡K AMÖvwaKvi
†`qv nq|
• †h mg¯Í êwkó¨ ïaygvÎ GKwU wjs‡M cÖKvk cvq †m‡¶‡Î mšÍvb cix¶vi wfwË‡Z
evQvB c×wZ DcKvix| †hgb− wWg Drcv`b I `ya Drcv`b| cyiæl¸‡jv hwÌ
wWg I `ya Drcv`b K‡i bv wKš‘ H wbwÏ©ó êwk‡óï wRb enb K‡i Ges cÖwZwU
Kb¨v mšÍv‡b eskMwZi A‡a©K enb K‡i|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
• †h mg¯Í êwkó¨ RxweZ cÖvYx‡Z cwigvc Kiv hvq bv †mme †¶‡Î mšÍvb cix¶vi
wfwË‡Z evQvB c×wZ LyeB DcKvix| †hgb− gvs‡mi ¸Yv¸Y|
• `ye©j eskMZ êwk‡óï †¶‡Î GB c×wZ eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
mgvMg (Mating)
G‡Zv¶Y Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kijvg fwel¨Z eskai ˆZwi‡Z Kxfv‡e wcZv-gvZv evQvB Kiv n‡e|
GLb ¯^fveZB cÖkœ Av‡m †Kvb& c×wZ‡Z G‡ì g‡a¨ wgjb NU‡e| mviwY 1 G wewfbœ ai‡bi
cÖRbb c×wZi †kªYxwefvM †Ìqv n‡jv|
mviwY 1.1 t wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖRbb c×wZ
mgvMg ev cÖRbb c×wZ
†K¬vR weªwWs AvDU weªwWs
1. BbweªwWs ev AvšÍt cÖRbb 1. µmweªwWs ev msKi cÖRbb

2. jvBb weªwWs ev mvwi cÖRbb 2. AvDUµwms ev ewnt µwms
3. e¨vKµwms ev cðvr µwms
4. Ucµwms ev kxl© µwms
5. †MÖwWs Avc ev DbœxZKiY
6. g¨vwUs jvBKm& ev cQ›`bxq msMg
7. g¨vwUs AvbjvBKm& ev AcQ›`bxq msMg
†K¬vR weªwWs (Closebreeding)

i‡³i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ wgjb NU‡j Zv‡K †K¬vRweªwWs e‡j|
BbweªwWs (Inbreeding)
†h c×wZ‡Z Nwbô m¤úK©hy³
`y‡Uv cÖvYxi g‡a¨ wgjb NwU‡q †h c×wZ‡Z Nwbô m¤úK©hy³ `y‡Uv cÖvYxi g‡a¨ wgjb NwU‡q eskaviv I ¸bvejx Ae¨vnZ ivLv
eskaviv I ¸bvejx Ae¨vnZ nq Zv‡K BbweªwWs ev AvšÍt cÖRbb ejv nq| GB cÖwµqvq AskMÖnYKvix cÖvYx wcZv-gvZv Nwbô
ivLv nq Zv‡K BbweªwWs ev i³ m¤úK©hy³| †hgb− Avcb fvB †evb, mr fvB †evb BZ¨vw`|
AvšÍt cÖRbb ejv nq|
BbweªwWs Gi cÖfve (Effect of Inbreeding)
• BbweªwWs Gi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv bZzb ai‡bi wR‡bi m„wó nq bv|
• mvaviYZ BbweªwWs Gi d‡j ˆ`wnK e„w× n«vm cvq|
• `xN© w`b a‡i BbweªwWs Ki‡j cÖRbb ¶gZv K‡g hvq Ges g„Zz¨nvi e„w× cvq|
• `xN©w`b a‡i BbweªwWs Pj‡Z _vK‡j cÖvYxi mRxeZv K‡g hvq|
• BbweªwWs Gi d‡j eskvbyµwgK A¯^vfvweKZv †`Lv †`q|

jvBbweªwWs (Line breeding)

GKB Rv‡Zi DËg ¸Yvejx
m¤úbœ `~i m¤úKx©q cÖvYx‡ì GKB Rv‡Zi DËg ¸Yvejx m¤úbœ `~i m¤úKx©q cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ hLb cÖRbb NUv‡bv nq ZLb
g‡a¨ hLb cÖRbb NUv‡bv nq Zv‡K jvBb weªwWs (Line breeding) e‡j| A_v©r GB c×wZ‡Z PvPvZ, gvgvZ, dzdvZ fvB
ZLb Zv‡K jvBb weªwWs (Line †evb‡ì gv‡S A_ev AviI `~im¤úKx©q cÖvYx‡ì gv‡S wgjb NUv‡bv nq| D`vniYmiƒc ejv hvq
breeding) e‡j| `v`v-bvZbx A_ev gvgvZ fvB I dzdvZ †ev‡bi g‡a¨ †h cÖRbb N‡U †mUvB jvBbweªwWs|
AvDUweªwWs (Out breeding)

†h cÖRbb c×wZ‡Z m¤úK©nxb ev Nwbó m¤úK©hy³ bq Ggb cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ wgjb NwU‡q cÖRbb
AvDUweªwWs BbweªwWs Gi
wecixZ cÖwµqv| Kvh© m¤úbœ Kiv nq Zv‡K AvDUweªwWs (Out breeding) e‡j| AvDUweªwWs BbweªwWs Gi wecixZ
cÖwµqv|
µmweªwWs ev msKi cÖRbb (Cross breeding)

m¤ú~Y© wfbœ Rv‡Zi `y‡Uv cÖvYxi m¤ú~Y© wfbœ Rv‡Zi `y‡Uv cÖvYxi g‡a¨ wgjb NwU‡q †h cÖRbb Kvh© m¤úbœ Kiv nq Zv‡K µmweªwWs
g‡a¨ wgjb NwU‡q †h cÖRbb e‡j| µmweªwWs `y‡Uv wfbœ cÖwZwôZ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ Kiv nq| mvaviYZ bZzb RvZ D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨
Kvh© m¤úbœ Kiv nq Zv‡K GB c×wZ MÖnY Kiv nq| †hgb− Rvwm© Mvfxi mv‡_ kvnxIqvj luv‡oi cÖRbb NwU‡q hw` bZzb
µmweªwWs e‡j| RvZ D™¢veb Kiv nq Z‡e †mUv n‡e µmweªwWs|
AvDUµwms (Out crossing)

hLb †Kv‡bv cÖRbbKvix Zvi Lvgv‡ii Mevw` cïi †KŠwjK gv‡b bZzb êwPÎ¨ Avbvi D‡Ï‡k¨
evB‡i †_‡K luvo wb‡q G‡m cÖRbb NUvb ZLb Zv‡K AvDUµwms e‡j|
e¨vK µwms (Back crossing)

e¨vK µwms ej‡Z †mB cÖRbb
wµqv‡K †evSvq hvi gva¨‡g `y‡Uv weï× Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ µmweªwWs Gi d‡j m„ó msKi RvZ‡K hw` cybivq Zvi gvZv ev wcZvi
mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ wcZv ev gvZv mv‡_ cÖRbb Kiv‡bv nq Z‡e †mUv n‡e e¨vK µwms| D`vniY¯îƒc, Rvwm© I kvnxIqv‡ji g‡a¨
†h †Kv‡bv GKwUi wgjb cÖRb‡bi d‡j m„ó msKi RvZ‡K hw` cybivq Rvwm© ev kvnxIqv‡ji mv‡_ cÖRbb Kiv‡bv nq Z‡e
NUv‡bv nq| †mUvB n‡e e¨vK µwms|
Rvwm© × kvnxIqvj
msKi RvZ × (Rvwm© ev kvnxIqv‡ji mv‡_)
wµm µwms (Criss crossing)

wµm µwms n‡jv H cÖwµqv †hLv‡b `y‡Uv weï× Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ cÖRb‡bi d‡j m„ó msKi Rv‡Zi
mv‡_ cÖ_‡g GKwU weï× Rv‡Zi cÖRbb NUv‡Z n‡e Ges GB cÖRb‡bi d‡j m„ó msKi Rv‡Zi
mv‡_ Avevi Aci GKwU weï× Rv‡Zi cÖRbb NUv‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, weï× Rvwm© I
kvnxIqvj Rv‡Zi cÖRb‡b m„ó msKi Rv‡Zi mv‡_ cÖ_‡g kvnxIqvj Rv‡Zi wgjb NUv‡bv n‡jv
Ges G‡ì wgj‡b Drcbœ msKi Rv‡Zi mv‡_ Rvwm© Rv‡Zi wgjb NUv‡Z n‡e|
Rvwm© × kvnxIqvj
msKi RvZ × kvnxIqvj
msKi RvZ × Rvwm©
msKi RvZ × Gfv‡e cÖwµqvwU AweiZfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
g¨vwUs jvBKm ev cQ›`bxq msMg (Mating likes)

GwU hwÌ GKwU cy‡iv‡bv cÖRbb c×wZ Zey eZ©gv‡bI Gi eënvi i‡q‡Q| ZvwË¡Kfv‡e G
c×wZ‡Z Òfv‡jvi mv‡_ fv‡jvÓ (best to best) Òga¨‡gi mv‡_ ga¨gÓ (average to average)
Ges ÒLviv‡ci mv‡_ LvivcÓ (worst to worst) G bxwZ‡Z cÖRbb NUv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡bv cï
fv‡jv bv ga¨g bv Lvivc Zv H cïwUi evwn¨K êwkó¨ †`‡L wbav©iY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
g¨vwUs AvbjvBKm ev AcQ›`bxq msMg (Mating unlikes)
G ai‡bi cÖRbb c×wZ‡K ¶wZc~iYg~jK cÖRbb (compensatory mating) c×wZ wn‡m‡eI
wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv GKwU cïi †h êwkó¨¸‡jvi NvUwZ i‡q‡Q Zv Ab¨ GKwU
DrK…ó cï w`‡q c~iY Kiv nq|
Uc µwms Ges †MÖwWs Avc (Grading up)
G `y‡Uv cÖRbb c×wZ cÖvq GKB iK‡gi| hLb †Kv‡bv cÖwZwôZ Rv‡Zi DrcwË¯’j †_‡K luvo ev
Mvfx G‡b H Rv‡Zi mv‡_ cÖRbb Kiv‡bv nq ZLb Zv‡K Ucµwms e‡j| †hgb− gvsm
Drcv`bKvix G¨vsMvm Rv‡Zi DrcwË¯’j n‡jv ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi cv‡_©| hw` Av‡gwiKv ev A‡óªwjqvi
†Kvb A¨vsMvm Rv‡Zi gvwjK cv_© †_‡K luvo G‡b cÖRbb Kivb Z‡e †mUvB n‡e Ucµwms| Avi
†MÖwWsAvc c×wZ‡Z DbœZ Rv‡Zi we‡`kx luvo I †`kx AbybœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfxi g‡a¨ chvq©µ‡g
wgjb NwU‡q DbœZ RvZ m„wó Kiv m¤¢e| D`vniY¯îƒc GKwU †`kx Mvfx‡K GKwU nj‡÷Bb-
wd«wRqvb Rv‡Zi luv‡oi gva¨‡g cÖRbb Kiv‡bv n‡j †h ev”Pv Rb¥ †bq Zvi †`‡n 50% †`kx I
50% nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqv‡bi i³ _v‡K| G evQyi‡K F1 µm e‡j| G evQyi eKbv n‡j eo
nIqvi ci nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqvb Rv‡Zi luvo w`‡q Zv‡K cÖRbb Kiv‡bv n‡j ev”Pvi †`‡n Avw`
†`kx gv Mvfxi i³ AviI A‡a©K K‡g 25% n‡q hv‡e| A_v©r GwU 75% DbœZ Rv‡Zi êwkó¨
cv‡e| GUv‡K F2 µm e‡j| Gfv‡e msKi Mvfx †_‡K mvZ cyiæ‡l ZvwË¡Kfv‡e cÖvq 100% LvwU
nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqvb Avbv hvq| Z‡e M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖ_g es‡ki Mvfx ev luvoB 50%
†`kx I 50% nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqvb i³ êwkó¨ enb K‡i †ewk Drcv`b ¶gZvm¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K|
F1
F2
F3
wPÎ 1 t †MÖwWsAvc Gi †iLvwPÎ

evsjv‡`‡ki Mevw`cïi Dbœq‡b cÖRbb Kg©m~Px

(Breeding programme for livestock improvement in Bangladesh)
evsjv‡`k GKwU Dbœqbkxj I `wi`ª †`k| evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡¶‡Î cïm¤ú‡ì Ae`vb
Ab¯^xKvh©| evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U cïm¤ú`‡K ejv nq gvby‡li Lv`¨ †hvMv‡bi ˆRweK †gwkb|
evsjv‡`‡ki cïm¤ú‡ì †KŠwjK gvb mwVKfv‡e wbY©q Kiv hvqwb| †KŠwjK gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨
cïi cwi‡ekMZ cÖ‡qvRb¸‡jv Av‡M †gUv‡bv ìKvi| Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †KŠwjK gvb wbY©q Kiv
n‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡kI A‡bK fvj Rv‡Zi cï cvIqv m¤¢e| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki MÖvgxY †cÖ¶vc‡U
Db¥y³ wbDwK¬qvm cÖRbb Kg©m~Px (Open Nucleus Breeding System) ms‡¶‡c ONBS nv‡Z
†bIqv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| we‡k¦i A‡bK †`k GB Kg©m~Px eënvi K‡i Mevw`cïi Dbœqb NwU‡q‡Q|
†hgb− Rvgv©wb, hy³ivR¨, †cvj¨vÛ, d«vÝ, ZvbwRwbqv, Zzi®‹, wmwiqv, BivK I R`v©b|
K…wÎg cÖRbb
luvo
cÖvK…wZK cÖRbb
wbDwK¬qvm cvj
200 Mvfx / 500 QvMx ev †fox
AbygvbK…Z cÖRbb gvb Øviv cyi“l MÖv‡g M‡Ä

Mevw`cï wbe©vPb Kwi‡Z n‡e| Qwo‡q wQwU‡q
kZKiv 20 fvM _vKv Mevw`cï
`~ej
© ¯¿x RvZxq
Mevw` cï
QvUvB
kZKiv 20 fvM ¯¿x Mevw`cï wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e
wPÎ 2 t ONBS c×wZ
GB c×wZ‡Z MÖv‡gM‡Ä Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv Mevw`cïi g‡a¨ †_‡K AwaK Drcv`bkxj 1000 wU
Mevw`cï wbev©Pb Kiv nq Ges GKwU †K‡›`ª G‡b ivLv nq AZci Avev‡iv Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z
200 wU Mvfx ev 500 wU QvMx ev †fox wbev©Pb Kiv nq| GwUB wbDwK¬qvm cvj| GB cv‡ji
cÖwZwU cÖvYxi we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ msi¶Y Kiv nq| †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K AbygvbK…Z cÖRbb gvb
(Predicted breeding value) Øviv 20 wU luvo ev 50 wU cvVv wbev©Pb K‡i wbDwK¬qvm cv‡j
ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| AZci G‡ì gv‡S cÖRbb NwU‡q AwaK Drcv`b¶g cÖvYx‡K AMÖvwaKvi
wfwË‡Z evQvB Kiv nq Ges kZKiv 20 fvM wbgœgv‡bi cÖvYx‡K QuvUvB Kiv nq| wbDwK¬qvm
cv‡ji cyiæl cÖvYx¸‡jv‡K K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Kv‡R eënvi K‡i A_ev cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cÖRbb Kv‡R
eënvi K‡i MÖv‡gi K…lK‡ì ¯¿x cÖvYx¸‡jv‡K cvj †Ìqv‡bv nq| d‡j K…l‡Ki N‡i †h ev”Pv
Drcbœ n‡e Zv wKQyUv DbœZ gv‡bi n‡e| ZLb Avevi MÖvgxY K…lK‡ì cÖvYx¸‡jv †_‡K 20%
AwaK Drcv`bkxj ¯¿x cÖvYx evQvB K‡i bZzb wbDwK¬qvm cvj ˆZwi Kiv nq| Gfv‡e GB

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g 4-5 ev‡i A_v©r 20-25 eQ‡i DbœZ I AwaK Drcv`b¶g Mevw`cï ˆZwi Kiv
m¤¢e|
mvigg©
Rv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Mevw`cïi †KŠwjK gv‡bi Dbœqb NUv‡bv| evQvB I mgvMg
n‡jv cï cÖRb‡bi `y‡Uv cÖavb nvwZqvi| U¨vb‡Wg, Aeva QvUvB I evQvB m~PK GB wZb ai‡bi
evQvB c×wZ i‡q‡Q| GQvov wKQy evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix i‡q‡Q hv evQvB Kvh©µg‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
cÖRbb Kg©m~Px‡Z evQvB Gi c‡ii avcB n‡jv mgvMg c×wZ| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki MÖvgxb †cÖ¶vc‡U
AbybœZ Mevw`cïi Dbœq‡b Db¥y³ wbDwK¬qvm cÖRbb Kg©m~Px (Open Nuclurs Breeding System)
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý ( ) w`b|
K. evQvB c×wZ KZ cÖKvi?
i. `yB cÖKvi
ii. wZb cÖKvi
iii. Pvi cÖKvi
iv. cuvP cÖKvi
L. †Kvb&wU evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix?

i. U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ
ii. evQvB m~PK c×wZ
iii. Aeva QvUvB c×wZ
iv. cwievi wfwË‡Z evQvB
2. mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. evQvB m~PK GKwU Kvh©Kix I RwUj c×wZ|
L. Db¥y³ wbDwK¬qvm cÖRbb Kg©m~Px evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Dchy³ bq|
3. k~Y¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. i‡³i mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ cÖvYx‡ì g‡a¨ wgjb NU‡j Zv‡K - - - - - - - - e‡j|
L. U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ‡Z Rv‡Zi Dbœqb NUv‡Z Lye †ewk - - - - - I - - - - - jv‡M|
4. GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. cï cÖRb‡bi cÖavb nvwZqvi Kx Kx?
L. †Kvb& ai‡bi cÖRbb c×wZ‡Z we‡`kx luvo I †`kx AbybœZ Rv‡Zi chv©qµwgK
wgjb NUv‡bv nq?

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
cvV 1.2 Mvfx I luv‡oi cÖRbbZš¿

■ luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z I ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ luvo I Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Mevw`cïi Rv‡Zi Dbœqb NUv‡Z n‡j RbbZš¿ m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vr cieZx©
eskai ev mšÍvb Drcv`b cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡j RbbZš¿ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡e| myZivs cÖkœ
Avmv ¯^vfvweK, RbbZš¿ (Reproductive system) Kx? kix‡ii †h Zš¿ ev †h mg¯Í AsM
mw¤§wjZfv‡e kvixie„Ëxq c×wZ‡Z †KejgvÎ mšÍvb Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ Zv‡KB RbbZš¿
e‡j|
luv‡oi RbbZš¿ (Reproductive system of bull)

De©i exh© ev wm‡gb Drcv`b
De©i exh© ev wm‡gb Drcv`b KivB luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i cÖavb KvR| luv‡oi RbbZš¿ †h Ask¸‡jv
KivB luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i cÖavb
KvR| wb‡q MwVZ †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
• AÛ‡Kvl ev ïµvkq (Testes)
• GwcwWWvBwgm (Epididymis)
• fvm wWdv‡iÝ (Vas deferens)
• BD‡i_ªv (Urethra)
• cyiælv½ ev wkkœ ev wj½ ev †cwbm (Penis)
• Avbylw½K MÖwš’mg~n (Accessory glands)
− †mwgbvj †fwmKj (Seminal vasicle)
− †cÖv‡÷U MÖwš’ (Prostate gland)
− ev‡j¦v BD‡i_ªvj MÖwš’ ev KvDcvim MÖwš’ (Bulbo urethral glands or cowpers gland)
wPÎ 3 t GKwU luv‡oi RbbZš¿

luv‡oi †cQbw`‡K `yB Diæi

ïµvkq ev AÛ‡Kvl
gvSLv‡b ïµvkq _wj ev luv‡oi †cQbw`‡K `yB Diæi gvSLv‡b ïµvkq _wj ev ¯ŒzUvg Gi †fZi `y‡Uv ïµvkq ev AÛ‡Kvl
¯ŒzUvg Gi †fZi `y‡Uv SzjšÍ Ae¯’vq _v‡K| luv‡oi eqm I AvKv‡ii Dci ïµvk‡qi AvKvi AvK…wZ wbf©i K‡i|
ïµvkq ev AÛ‡Kvl SzjšÍ ïµvk‡qi †fZ‡i AmsL¨ †cuPv‡bv bvjx i‡q‡Q hvi bvg †mwgwb‡divm wUDweDjm| GLvb †_‡KB
Ae¯’vq _v‡K| ïµvYy Drcvw`Z nq| †mwgwb‡divm wUDweDjm Gi duv‡K duv‡K B›Uviw÷wkqvj †Kvl _v‡K hv
†Um‡Uv‡÷ib ni‡gvb wbtmiY K‡i| GwUB cyiæl ni‡gvb|
KvR
• ïµvYy I †Um‡Uv‡÷ib ni‡gvb ˆZwi Kiv|
GwcwWWvBwgm
†h bvjxwU ïµvk‡qi DcwifvM †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q Gi cvk †e‡q wb‡P †b‡g LvwbKUv †gvUv n‡q
fvmwWdv‡i‡Ýi mv‡_ wg‡k hvq †mwUB GwcwWWvBwgm| luv‡oi `y‡Uv GwcwWWvBwgm _v‡K|
KvR
• ïµvYy ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv|
• ïµvYyi NbZ¡ evov‡bv|
• ïµvYyi cwic°Zv evov‡bv|
• ïµvYy Rgv ivLv|
fvmwWdv‡iÝ
GwcwWWvBwg‡mi †kl Ask n‡Z fvmwWdv‡iÝ Drcbœ nq| luv‡o `y‡Uv fvmwWdv‡iÝ _v‡K|
KvR
• GwcwWWvBwgm n‡Z ïµvYy g~Îbvjx‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv|
g~Îbvjx
• GwU GKwU j¤^v bvjx we‡kl| g~Îvkq †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i cyiælv‡½i †klcÖvšÍ ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z|
KvR
• ïµvYy †ei nIqvi iv¯Ív wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
• Avbylw½K MÖwš’mg~n †_‡K Drcbœ c`v_©¸‡jv †ei nevi iv¯Ív wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
• g~Î †ei nIqvi iv¯Ív wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Avbylw½K MÖwš’mg~n
luv‡oi Avbylw½K MÖwš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q `y‡Uv †mwgbvj †fwmKj, GKwU †cÖv‡÷U MÖwš’ I `y‡Uv
KvDcvim MÖwš’|
KvR
• G MÖwš’¸‡jv †_‡K wbtm„Z AvVv‡jv im ïµvYyi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q exh© ev wm‡g‡bi iƒc aviY
K‡i| GQvovI ex‡h©i †h GKwU we‡kl MÜ i‡q‡Q Zv †mwgbvj †fwmKj †_‡KB Av‡m|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
cyiælv½ ev wj½ ev wkkœ

cyiælv½ n‡jv luv‡oi msMg A½| luv‡oi cyiælv‡½ wmMg‡qW †d¬·vi (Sigmoid flexure) bvgK
luv‡oi cyiælv‡½ wmMg‡qW
†d¬·i (Sigmoid flexure)
Bs‡iwR ‘S’ A¶‡ii b¨vq GKwU euvKv GjvKv i‡q‡Q| luvo D‡ËwRZ n‡j GB wmMg‡qW †d¬·vi
bvgK Bs‡iwR ‘S’ A¶‡ii †mvRv n‡q cyiælv½‡K mvg‡b evwo‡q †`q| d‡j cyiælv½ Av”Qv`b (Sheath) †_‡K †ewi‡q
b¨vq GKwU euvKv GjvKv Av‡m| Avevi exh©¶iY †kl n‡j wiUªv±i †ckx (Retractor muscle) cyiælv½‡K †U‡b c~‡e©i
i‡q‡Q| Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Av‡b|
Mvfxi RbbZš¿ (Reproductive system of cow)

Mvfxi RbbZš¿‡K wW¤^vYy exh© Drcv`b I ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii g‡a¨B luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i KvR mxgve× _v‡K| wKš‘ Mvfxi
Drcv`b, wb‡lK, ev”Pv aviY RbbZš¿‡K wW¤^vYy Drcv`b, wb‡lK, ev”Pv aviY I cÖm‡evËi ev”Pvi jvjb cvj‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡Z
I cÖm‡evËi ev”Pvi jvjb
cvj‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡Z nq| nq| Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv n‡jv−
• wW¤^vkq (Ovary)
• wW¤^vkqbvjx (Oviduct)
• Rivqy (Uterus)
• mvwf©· (Cervix)
• †hvwb (Vagina)
• †hvwbgyL (Valva)
wPÎ 4 t GKwU Mvfxi RbbZš¿

wW¤^vkq
Mf©nxb Mvfxi Zj‡c‡Ui Mf©nxb Mvfxi Zj‡c‡Ui (Abdominal cavity) Dc‡ii As‡k GK‡Rvov wW¤^vkq _v‡K| cÖwZwU
(Abdominal cavity) wW¤^vkq 1.5 BwÂ j¤^v Ges 0.5 BwÂ cyiæ n‡q _v‡K| GKwU eKbvi wW¤^vk‡q cÖvq 1 j¶
Dc‡ii As‡k GK‡Rvov cÖv_wgK wW¤^vYy ev ImvBU (Oocyte) _v‡K| eKbv ev Mvfx Mig n‡j mvaviYZ GKwU cwic°
wW¤^vkq _v‡K|
wW¤^vYy wW¤^vkq †_‡K †ei n‡q Av‡m|
KvR
• wW¤^vYy Drcv`b Kiv|
• ni‡gvb, †hgb− B‡÷ªv‡Rb wbtmiY Kiv|
wW¤^vkqbvjx
cÖwZwU wW¤^vk‡qi mv‡_ `y‡Uv cÖwZwU wW¤^vk‡qi mv‡_ `y‡Uv cu¨vPv‡bv bvjx i‡q‡Q G‡ì‡K wW¤^vkqbvjx e‡j| G bvjxi †h Ask
cu¨vPv‡bv bvjx i‡q‡Q G‡ì‡K wW¤^vk‡qi w`‡K _v‡K †mLv‡b dv‡bj AvK…wZi Dcv½ _v‡K hv‡K BbdvwÛeyjvg e‡j| Mvfxi
wW¤^vkqbvjx e‡j| GKwU wW¤^vkq bvjx 8-10 BwÂ j¤^v nq|
KvR
• wW¤^vkq †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmv wW¤^vYy BbdvwÛeyjvg MÖnY K‡i|
• wW¤^vkqbvjx‡Z wb‡lK wµqv m¤úvw`Z nq|
Rivqy
wb‡lK wµqv m¤úvw`Z nIqvi
wb‡lK wµqv m¤úvw`Z nIqvi ci åƒY Rivqy‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges GLv‡bB e„w×jvf K‡i| Rivqy
ci åæY Rivqy‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i `y‡Uv As‡k wef³−
Ges GLv‡bB e„w×jvf K‡i| K. Rivqyi kixi (Body of uterus)
L. Rivqyi kvLv (Horns of uterus)
− Wvb kvLv (Right horn)
− evg kvLv (Left horn)
KvR
• Rivqyi kvLv‡Z åƒY e„w×jvf K‡i|
• Kicvm wjDwUqv‡gi KvR wbqš¿Y K‡i|
• gjØvi w`‡q nvZ XzwK‡q Rivqy Abyfe K‡i Mf©aviY wbwðZKiY cix¶v Kiv hvq|
mvwf©·
†hvwb I Rivqyi gvSLv‡b 1 †hvwb I Rivqyi gvSLv‡b 1 †_‡K 2 BwÂ j¤^v wKQyUv k³ Ask i‡q‡Q, hv mvwf©· bv‡g cwiwPZ|
†_‡K 2 BwÂ j¤^v wKQyUv k³ ïaygvÎ cÖmeKvjxb I Mig nIqvi mg‡q mvwf©· †Lvjv _v‡K| GQvov Ab¨ mgq mvwf©· eÜ
Ask i‡q‡Q, hv mvwf©· bv‡g _v‡K|
cwiwPZ|
KvR
• Rivqy‡K evB‡ii cwi‡ek †_‡K wew”Qbœ iv‡L Ges Rivqyi wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i|
†hvwb
†hvwb n‡”Q Mvfxi m½g A½|
†hvwb n‡”Q Mvfxi m½g A½| GwU GKwU duvcv bj hv 8-10 BwÂ j¤^v n‡q _v‡K| †hvwbgyL Ges
†hvwbgyL Ges mvwf©‡·i mvwf©‡·i gvSLv‡b †hvwb Avew¯’Z| †hvwbi †fZ‡ii Ask Agm„Y|
gvSLv‡b †hvwb Avew¯’Z|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
KvR
• msM‡gi mgq luvo GLv‡bB exh©cvZ NUvq|
• GB †hvwb w`‡q ev”Pv f‚wgó nq|
†hvwbgyL
Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i me‡P‡q evB‡ii Ask| gjØv‡ii wb‡PB †hvwbgy‡Li Ae¯’vb|
KvR
• luvo †hvwbgyL w`‡q cyiælv½ cÖ‡ek Kivq|
• cÖm‡ei mgq GB c‡_B ev”Pv †ei n‡q Av‡m|
mvigg©
ïµvkq, GwcwWWvBwgm, fvmwWdv‡iÝ, BD‡i_ªv, cyiælv½ Ges Avbylw½K MÖwš’mg~‡ni mgš^‡q
luv‡oi cÖRbbZš¿ MwVZ| luv‡oi cÖRbbZ‡š¿i cÖavb KvR n‡jv exh© ev wm‡gb Drcv`b Kiv Ges
Zv ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv| Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i cÖavb Ask¸‡jv n‡jv wW¤^vkqbvjx, Rivqy, mvwf©·, †hvwb I
†hvwbgyL| †hvwb w`‡q luv‡oi exh© Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿ cÖ‡ek K‡i| wW¤^vYy I ïµvYyi wgj‡bi d‡j
Drcbœ åƒY Rivqyi kvLv‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges e„w× jvf K‡i|


1. mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý ( ) w`b|
K. †KvbwU luv‡oi Avbylvw½uK MÖwš’ bq?
i. †mwgbvj †fwmKj
ii. †cÖv‡÷U MÖwš’
iii. BD‡i_ªv
iv. KvDcvim MÖwš’
L. wW¤^vkqbvjx KZUzKz j¤^v nq?

i. 8-10 BwÂ
ii. 8-12 BwÂ
iii. 9-10 BwÂ
iv. 10-12 BwÂ

K. mvwf©· Rivqy‡K evB‡ii cwi‡ek †_‡K wew”Qbœ iv‡L Ges wbivcËv wbwðZ K‡i|
L. fvmwWdv‡iÝ Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i GKwU Ask|
3. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. †hvwb I Rivqyi gvSLv‡b - - - - - - Aew¯’Z|
L. - - - - - - †ckx cyiælv½‡K †U‡b Avevi Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Av‡b|

K. ïµvkq †_‡K cÖavbZ Kx ˆZwi nq?
L. B‡÷ªv‡Rb ni‡gvb †Kv_vq Drcbœ nq?

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
cvV 1.3 eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ, Mig nIqvi j¶Y I KiYxq

■ FZzPµ Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ FZzP‡µi avç‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzP‡µi wewfbœ w`K D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig nIqvi j¶Y¸‡jv ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ eKbv ev Mvfx Mig nIqvi ci Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ (Estrous cycle of heifer or cow)

eqtcÖvwßi ci (Sexual maturity) eKbv ev Mvfx RvZxq Mevw`cï nVvr K‡i GKw`b Kv‡gvÏxß
n‡q D‡V A_v©r luv‡oi mv‡_ wgwjZ nevi BPQv cÖKvk K‡i| GB Kv‡gvÏxcbv‡KB Avgiv ÔMig
nIqvÕ ev Wv‡K Avmv G÷ªvm (Estrous) bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i _vwK| GwU GKwU ˆRweK cÖwµqv hv
eqtcÖvwßi ci (Sexual eKbv ev Mvfxi cÖRbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡k ch©vqµwgKfv‡e kvixie„Ëxq I AvK…wZMZ cwieZ©b
maturity) ¯¿x RvZxq
Av‡b| GB mvgwqK cwieZ©b¸‡jv cieZx©‡Z Mig nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ chv©qµ‡g Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges
Mevw`cï nVvr K‡i GKw`b
Kv‡gvÏxß n‡q D‡V GB GB mgqKvj‡KB FZzPµ (Estrous cycle) e‡j| Z‡e Mig nIqvi ci luv‡oi mv‡_ wgj‡bi
Kv‡gvÏxcbv‡KB Avgiv ÔMig d‡j hw` Mf©eZx nq Z‡e ev”Pv cÖm‡ei c~e© ch©šÍ eKbv ev Mvfx Avi Mig nq bv|
nIqvÕ ev Wv‡K Avmv G÷ªvm
(Estrous) bv‡g AwfwnZ
K‡i _vwK|
FZzP‡µi wewfbœ avc (Different phase of estrous cycle)
weÁvbx gvkv©j FZzPµ‡K PviwU av‡c fvM K‡i‡QbÑ
†cÖvG÷ªvm
Kicvm wjDwUqvg ¶q n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges cybivq G÷ªvm avc bv Avmv ch©šÍ Pj‡Z _v‡K|
G÷ªvm
GB av‡c eKbv ev Mvfx luv‡oi mv‡_ wgwjZ nevi Zxeª AvKvsLv cÖKvk K‡i|
†gUG÷ªvm
G÷ªvm †kl nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GB avc ïiæ nq Ges GB av‡c Ifvix‡Z Kicvm wjDwUqvg ˆZwi
ïiæ nq|
WvB G÷ªvm
GB av‡c Kcv©m wjDwUqvg c~Y©gvÎvq Kvh©Kix nq| GwU FZzP‡µi me‡P‡q e‡ov avc| Z‡e
eKbv ev Mvfx hw` luv‡oi mv‡_ wgwjZ nq Ges wgj‡bi d‡j Mf©aviY K‡i Z‡e ev”Pv bv nIqv
ch©šÍ GB avcwU Pj‡Z _v‡K|
Z‡e eZ©gv‡b FZzPµ‡K cÖavbZ `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q _v‡KÑ

1. dwjKzjvi avc t †cÖvG÷ªvm I G÷ªvm Gav‡ci AšÍM©Z|
2. wjDwUqvj avc t †gUG÷ªvm I WvBG÷ªvm avc‡K G av‡c wb‡q Avmv n‡q‡Q|

wPÎ 5 t FZzP‡µi wewfbœ avc
eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ (Estrous cycle of heifer or cow)

• FZzP‡µi ˆ`N©¨ t 20-22 w`b (M‡o 21 w`b)
• G÷ªv‡mi ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj t 12-24 N›Uv (M‡o 18 N›Uv)
• †gUG÷ªv‡mi ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj t 3 w`b
• WvBG÷ªv‡mi ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj t FZzP‡µi 5g w`b †_‡K 17Zg w`b ch©šÍ|
• †cÖvG÷ªvm t 18Zg w`b †_‡K G÷ªvm bv Avmv ch©šÍ|
• wjDwUqvj avc t 17-18 w`b
• dwjKzjvi avc t 3-4 w`b
• Ifz‡jkb ev wW¤^öj‡bi mgq t G÷ªvm ïiæ nIqvi 10-12 N›Uv ci|
eKbv ev Mvfx Mig n‡j

eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig nIqvi j¶Y (Symptoms during estrous of cow)
wewfbœ ai‡bi ¯^fveMZ I eKbv ev Mvfx Mig n‡j wewfbœ ai‡bi ¯^fveMZ I kvixie„Ëxq j¶Y I cwieZ©b †`Lv †`q|
kvixie„Ëxq j¶Y I cwieZ©b G¸‡jv n‡jvÑ
†`Lv †`q| • eKbv ev Mvfx AkvšÍ _vK‡e Ges GKRvqMvq ùvwo‡q bv †_‡K QUdU Ki‡e|
• Mig nIqvi ïiæ‡Z wb‡R Ab¨ cïi Dci jvd w`‡e Ges cy‡ivcywi Mig Ae¯’vq Ab¨ cï‡K
wb‡Ri Dci jvd w`‡Z DØy× Ki‡e|
• Ab¨ cï‡K wb‡Ri cðvr‡`k PvU‡Z w`‡e|
• `yav‡jv Mvfxi †¶‡Î nVvr K‡i `ya †`qv K‡g hv‡e|
• LvIqvi AvMÖn K‡g hv‡e|
• eKbv ev Mvfx‡K LyeB mZK© g‡b n‡e Ges memgq Kvb Lvov K‡i _vK‡e|
• NbNb Aí cwigv‡Y cÖmªve I cvqLvbv Ki‡e|
• †jR bvov‡Z _vK‡e|
• †hvwb c_ (vagina) w`‡q ¯^”Q wgDKvm ev †k−®§v †ei n‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
• nvZ w`‡q †hvwbgyL mvgvb¨ duvK Ki‡j †fZiUv Ab¨ mg‡qi †P‡q †ewk jvj‡P †`Lv‡e|
• †¯úKzjv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ mvwf©‡·i (cervix) gyL †`L‡j g‡b n‡e mvwf©· †Lvjv i‡q‡Q|
• eKbv ev Mvfx nv¤^v nv¤^v K‡i AbeiZ WvK‡Z _vK‡e|
• kix‡ii ZvcgvÎv wKQyUv †e‡o hv‡e|
• i‡³ cÖ_‡g B‡÷ªv‡Rb I c‡i wjDwUbvBwRs ni‡gv‡bi gvÎv †e‡o hv‡e|
eKbv ev Mvfx Mig nIqvi ci KiYxq (Activities during estrous)

eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig Ae¯’vq cÖavb KvR n‡jv cvj †Ìqv‡bv| GRb¨ cÖ_‡gB cvj †Ìqvi
Dchy³ mgq wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig Ae¯’v

mvaviYZ Mvfx Mig nIqvi j¶Y cÖKvk cvevi ci †_‡K cieZx© 18 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cvj w`‡jB
ïiæ nIqvi 12 N›Uvi ci cvj P‡j| wKš‘ fv‡jv djvdj cvevi Rb¨ wPÎ 6 G cÖ`wk©Z mgq Abyhvqx cvj w`‡Z n‡e| wPÎ 6
w`‡j me‡P‡q fv‡jv dj Abyhvqx G÷ªvm avc ïiæ nIqvi 8 N›Uv ci Mvfx‡Z Mig nIqvi j¶Y cÖKvk cvq Ges cieZx©
cvIqv hv‡e| 18 N›Uv ch©šÍ Mig Ae¯’v ¯’vqx _v‡K| Gici †_‡K Mig Ae¯’v P‡j †h‡Z _v‡K| Mig Ae¯’vq
Avmvi ïiæ †_‡K 6 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cvj w`‡j mdjZvi nvi n‡e kZKiv 45 †_‡K 70 fvM| Avi
7 †_‡K 18 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cvj w`‡j kZKiv 70 †_‡K 90 fvM ch©šÍ mdjZv cvIqv hv‡e| Z‡e
me‡P‡q fv‡jv dj cvIqv hv‡e 12 N›Uvi mgq cvj w`‡j| 18 N›Uvi ci cvj w`‡j µgvš^‡q
mdjZvi nvi Kg‡Z _vK‡e|
Mig Ae¯’v ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡K (Nt)
wPÎ 6 t cvj †Ìqvi mgq
cvj †Ìqvi `y‡Uv c×wZ i‡q‡QÑ

1. cÖvK…wZK c×wZ t eKbv ev Mvfxi ms‡M cÖRbb¶g luv‡oi wgj‡bi gva¨‡g GB cÖwµqv
m¤úvw`Z nq|
2. K…wÎg c×wZ t G‡¶‡Î K…wÎgfv‡e luv‡oi exh© eKbv ev Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv
nq| eKbv ev Mvfxi †¶‡Î gjØvi †hvwb c×wZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

mvigg©
eKbv ev Mvfxi luv‡oi mv‡_ wgwjZ nevi B”Qv‡KB Mig nIqv ev Wv‡K Avmv ev G÷ªvm
(Estrous) e‡j| cici `y‡Uv Mig nIqvi gaëZx© mgqUzKzB n‡”Q FZzPµ (Estrous cycle)|
eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzP‡µi ˆ`N©¨ 20-22 w`b| eZ©gv‡b eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ‡K dwjKzjvi I
wjDwUqvj GB `yB av‡c fvM Kiv nq| Mig nIqvi j¶Y cÖKvk cvevi ci cieZx© 6 †_‡K
18 N›Uvi g‡a¨ eKbv ev Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv‡bv DwPZ| eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig nIqvi
¯’vqxZ¡Kvj n‡jv 12 †_‡K 24 N›Uv| cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg GB `yc×wZ‡Z eKbv ev Mvfx‡K cvj
†Ìqv‡bv n‡q _v‡K|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb

K. eKbv ev Mvfxi G÷ªv‡mi ¯’vqxZ¡Kvj KZ N›Uv?
i. 12 - 24 N›Uv
ii. 10 - 26 N›Uv
iii. 12 - 26 N›Uv
iv. 16 - 24 N›Uv
L. weÁvbx gvkv©j FZzPµ‡K KqwU av‡c fvM K‡i‡Qb?

i. 2 wU
ii. 3 wU
iii. 4 wU
iv. 5 wU
2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. WvBG÷ªvm av‡c eKbv ev Mvfx luv‡oi mv‡_ wgwjZ nIqvi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i|
L. Mig Ae¯’vq `yav‡jv Mvfxi `ya Drcv`b K‡g hvq|
3| k~Y¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. eZ©gv‡b FZzPµ‡K dwjKzjvi I - - - - - - av‡c fvM Kiv nq|
L. G÷ªvm ïiæ nIqvi - - - - - - - N›Uvi ci Ifz‡jkb ev wW¤^öjb nq|
4| GK K_vq ev ev‡K¨ DËi w`b|

K. eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzP‡µi ˆ`N¨© KZ?
L. Mvfx Mig nIqvi KZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ cvj w`‡Z nq?

cvV 1.4 K…wÎg cÖRbb

■ K…wÎg cÖRbb Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi myweav I Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Mvfx †_‡K Kxfv‡e exh© msMÖn Kiv nq Zv ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Kxfv‡e exh© g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
K…wÎg cÖRbb (Artificial insemination)

Mevw`cïi †KŠwjKgvb Dbœq‡bi (Genetic improvement) Rb¨ K…wÎg cÖRbb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
†KŠkj| AwaK Drcv`b ¶gZv m¤úbœ †Kv‡bv luvo eënvi K‡i eûmsL¨K Mvfx‡K cvj
†Ìqv‡bvi Rb¨ K…wÎg cÖRbb †KŠkjwU eënvi Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`kmn c„w_exi cÖvq
me©ÎB K…wÎg cÖRbb c×wZ eûjfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q|
K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Avw`K_v (History of artificial insemination)

Lªx‡ói R‡b¥i 1300 eQi c~‡e© Lªx‡ói R‡b¥i 1300 eQi c~‡e© GKRb Avie weÁvbx me©cÖ_g †Nvox‡Z K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g
GKRb Avie weÁvbx me©cÖ_g Mf©aviY NUv‡Z m¶g nb e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ K…wÎg cÖRb‡b cÖ_g mdjZv jvf
†Nvox‡Z K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi K‡ib BUvwji weÁvbx †¯ú‡jbRvwb 1780 mv‡j| wZwb mvdj¨RbKfv‡e KzKzix‡Z K…wÎg cÖRbb
gva¨‡g Mf©aviY NUv‡Z m¶g
nb e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| K‡ib| 1928 mvj †_‡K ivwkqv‡Z e¨vcKfv‡e Mvfx‡Z K…wÎg cÖRbb cÖ‡qvM ïiæ nq|
cvKfviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g 1939 mv‡j gwnïi `y» Lvgv‡i K…wÎg cÖRbb ïiæ nq| ¯^vaxbZv
c~e© cÂvk-Gi `k‡K G‡`‡k miKvixfv‡e K…wÎg cÖRbb Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| ¯^vaxbZvi ci
1975-76 mvj †_‡K Avgv‡ì †`‡k K…wÎg cÖRbb m¤úÖmviY cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g Kg©m~Px nv‡Z
†bIqv n‡q‡Q|
K…wÎg cÖRbb Kx?

K…wÎg cÖRbb n‡”Q Ggb GKwU †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g−
• K…wÎgfv‡e luvo †_‡K exh© msMÖn Kiv nq|
• msM„nxZ ex‡h©i ¸Yv¸b cix¶v Kiv nq|
• exh©‡K Zij Kiv nq Ges
• hvwš¿K Dcv‡q ¯¿x RbbZ‡š¿i wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wbw`©ó cwigvY exh© cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv nq|
K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi myweav (Advantages of artificial insemination)

• K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g fv‡jv ¸Yvejx m¤úbœ DbœZ luvo †_‡K exh© msMÖn K‡i Mvfx‡K cvj
†Ìqv hvq Ges Gfv‡e Rv‡Zi Dbœqb NUv‡bv m¤¢e nq|
• cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cvj †Ìqvi †¶‡Î GKwU luvo eQ‡i 50wU Mvfxi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi †ejvq H luv‡oi exh© w`‡q eQ‡i Kgc‡¶ 10000 Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv m¤¢e
nq|
• DbœZ Rv‡Zi luv‡oi exh© msi¶Y K‡i cieZx©‡Z eënvi Kiv hvq|
we‡`kx DbœZ Rv‡Zi luvo • we‡`kx DbœZ Rv‡Zi luvo Avg`vwb bv K‡iI ïaygvÎ exh© Avg`vwb K‡i †`kx AbybœZ Rv‡Zi
Avg`vwb bv K‡iI ïaygvÎ exh© Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv m¤¢e nq|
Avg`vwb K‡i †`kx AbybœZ
Rv‡Zi Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv
m¤¢e nq|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
• A‡bK mgq e‡ov AvKv‡ii luvo w`‡q †QvU AvKv‡ii Mvfx‡K cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cvj †Ìqv
Amyweav n‡q c‡o| K…wÎg cÖRbb Øviv GB Amyweav `~i Kiv hvq|
• GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b Mvfx ev luvo cwien‡Yi LiP Ges Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z nq bv|
• K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g luvo †_‡K Mvfx‡Z msµvgK †ivM (†hgb− wfweªIwmm,
UªvB‡Kv‡gvwbqvwmm BZ¨vw`) we¯Ívi cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq|
• Mvfx‡Z exh© cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi c~‡e© ex‡h©i ¸Yvejx cix¶v K‡i †`Lv nq e‡j Mvfxi
Mf©avi‡Yi m¤¢vebvI †ewk _v‡K|
K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Amyweav (Disadvantages of artificial insemination)

• `¶ I cÖwk¶YcÖvß Acv‡iUi Ges we‡kl ai‡bi hš¿cvwZi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
• cªvK…wZKfv‡e cvj †Ìqvi †P‡q †ewk mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
• hš¿cvwZ mwVKfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv bv n‡j Ges A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡ek eRvq _vK‡j Mvfxi
Mf©avi‡Yi m¤¢vebv K‡g hvq|
exh© msMÖn (Collection of Semen)

fv‡jv gv‡bi exh© †c‡Z n‡j DbœZ Rv‡Zi luvo evQvB Kivi cvkvcvwk luvo‡K mwVK cwigv‡Y
mylg Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e, Avivg`vqK evm¯’vb wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e, wbqwgZ e¨vqv‡gi
Af¨vm Kiv‡Z n‡e Ges mwVK c×wZ‡Z exh© msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
exh© msMÖn c×wZ (Semen collection methods)

K…wÎg Dcv‡q exh© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ wbæwjwLZ c×wZ¸‡jv eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
• K…wÎg †hvwb c×wZ (Artificial vagina method)
• ê`y¨wZK exh©¶iY c×wZ (Electro ejaculate method )
• ˆg_yb c×wZ (Massage method)
K…wÎg Dcv‡q luvo n‡Z exh©

K…wÎg †hvwb c×wZ (Artificial vagina method)
msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ GwU GKwU eûj K…wÎg Dcv‡q luvo n‡Z exh© msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ K…wÎg †hvwb c×wZ GKwU eûj eëüZ c×wZ| GwU
eëüZ c×wZ| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Ab¨vb¨ c×wZi †P‡q mnR I Kg e¨qmv‡c¶| GB c×wZ‡Z K…wÎgfv‡e GKwU †hvwb
ˆZwi Kiv nq, †hLv‡b Zvc I Pvc Ggbfv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv nq hv Mvfxi †hvwbi g‡ZvB g‡b nq|
wPÎ 7 t K…wÎg †hvwbi wewfbœ Ask

K…wÎg †hvwb cÖ¯‘ZKiY

K…wÎg †hvwb cÖ¯‘Z Kivi c~‡e© Gi wewfbœ Ask¸‡jvi bvg †R‡b †bqv hvK| †h Ask¸‡jvi
mgš^‡q GKwU K…wÎg †hvwb ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
• ivevi wmwjÛvi (2-3" e¨vm, ˆ`N©¨ 14-18")
• ivevi Bbvi jvBbvi
• ivevi †KvY
• `vMKvUv msMÖvnK bj
• cÖ‡UKwUe wUDe
• _v‡gv©wgUvi
• iW I cv¤úvi
• f¨v‡mwjb ev †K.IqvB †Rjx BZ¨vw`
K…wÎg †hvwb cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Yi avc

• cÖ_‡g BbvijvBbviwU ivevi wmwjÛv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q `yB cÖvšÍ fv‡jvfv‡e AvUwK‡q
w`‡Z n‡e|
• Gevi ivevi eÜbx Øviv wmwjÛv‡ii †cQb w`‡K ivevi †KvYwU AvUwK‡q w`b| ivevi †Kv‡Yi
†cQ‡b msMÖvnKbj jvwM‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
• GLb 43-450 †m. (110-1150 dvt) ZvcgvÎvi Mig cvwb w`‡q ivevi wmwjÛvi I Bbvi
ivevi jvB‡bi gaëZx© ¯’v‡bi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk fwZ© Ki‡Z n‡e|
• Gevi cv¤úvi w`‡q cv¤ú K‡i wmwjÛvi I jvBbv‡ii gaëZx©¯’vb dzwj‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
• †fmwjb ev †K.IqvB †Rjx Kuv‡Pi bj w`‡q K…wÎg †hvwbi gy‡Li duvKv RvqMvq †g‡L wb‡Z
n‡e|
• Gevi _v‡gv©wgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ K…wÎg †hvwbi ZvcgvÎv 43-450 †m. Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wKbv Zv
†`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| K…wÎg †hvwbi wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv ms‡hvR‡bi c~‡e© †m¸‡jv Aek¨B cwi¯‹vi
I RxevYygy³ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
luv‡oi hZœ I cÖ¯‘wZ (Care and preparation of bull)

K…wÎg Dcv‡q exh© msMÖ‡ni c~‡e© Ges msMÖ‡ni mgq luv‡oi hZœ I cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
K…wÎg Dcv‡q exh© msMÖ‡ni
cy‡e© Ges msMÖ‡ni mgq
G¸‡jv n‡jv−
luv‡oi hZœ I cÖ¯‘wZi cÖ‡qvRb
cwi”QbœZv (Cleanliness)
i‡q‡Q|
• luvo Aek¨B cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡e|
• exh© msMÖ‡ni K‡qK wgwbU c~‡e© eªvk w`‡q MÖæwgs K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
• †cwb‡mi wm‡_i ga¨Kvi j¤^v Pzj †K‡U †dj‡Z n‡e|
• wm‡_i wb‡Pi Ask †fRv †Zvqv‡j w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e gy‡Q wb‡Z n‡e|
• †ewk gqjv _vK‡j wm_ cvwb w`‡q ay‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
exh© msMÖnc~e©K D‡ËRbv (Precollection sex stimulation)

• exh© msMÖ‡ni c~‡e© Wvwg eënvi K‡i luv‡oi D‡ËRbv evov‡Z n‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
D‡ËRbv a‡i ivLv (Maintaining sex drive)

• luv‡oi D‡ËRbv gyû‡Z© fzj eë¯’vcbv hv‡Z bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|
• exh© msMÖnKvix‡K h_vm¤¢e Kg bovPov Ki‡Z n‡e|
• exh© msMÖ‡ni mgq D”P¯^‡i K_v ejv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e|
exh© msMÖ‡ni mgq KiYxq

exh© msMÖ‡ni mgq exh©
msMÖnKvix‡K Aek¨B K…wÎg • exh© msMÖ‡ni mgq exh© msMÖnKvix‡K Aek¨B K…wÎg †hvwbi ZvcgvÎv mwVK Av‡Q wKbv Zv
†hvwbi ZvcgvÎv mwVK Av‡Q †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e|
wKbv Zv †`‡L wb‡Z n‡e| • KL‡bv wm_mn †cwbm †hvwbi †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv|
• K…wÎg †hvwb Aek¨B †cwb‡mi mgvšÍiv‡j ivL‡Z n‡e|
• †cwbm KL‡bv †ewk wbPz Kiv hv‡e bv G‡Z exh© msMÖn e¨vnZ n‡Z cv‡i|
• exh© msMÖnKvix‡K luv‡oi AvPiY mg‡Ü mg¨K Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e|
• †hvwbi †fZi †cwbm‡K fv‡jvfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z luvo †hvwbi †fZi exh© wbM©Z
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• exh© msMÖ‡ni mv‡_ mv‡_ wm‡gb fvqvj mwi‡q wb‡Z n‡e Ges Zv 28-300 †m. ZvcgvÎvq
IqvUvi ev‡_ †i‡L w`‡Z n‡e|
exh© msMÖ‡ni nvi

• Pvi †_‡K cuvP w`b AšÍi AšÍi luvo †_‡K exh© msMÖn Ki‡j ex‡h©i AvqZb Z_v ex‡h©i
ga¨w¯’Z ïµvbyi msL¨v e„w× cvq|
K…wÎg Dcv‡q msM„nxZ exh©

eënv‡ii c~‡e© KZK¸‡jv ex‡h©i g~j¨vqb
avivevwnK cix¶v Kiv nq| K…wÎg Dcv‡q msM„nxZ exh© eënv‡ii c~‡e© KZK¸‡jv avivevwnK cix¶v Kiv nq| G mKj
G mKj cix¶vi gva¨‡g cix¶vi gva¨‡g ex‡h©i ¸YMZgvb I De©iZvi ¶gZv wbY©q Kiv nq| G‡KB ex‡h©i g~j¨vqb
ex‡h©i ¸YMZgvb I De©iZvi e‡j| msM„nxZ exh© K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx wKbv Zv ex‡h©i g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wVK Kiv
¶gZv wbY©q Kiv nq| G‡KB m¤¢e| exh©‡K KZ¸Y ZijxKiY Kiv hv‡e †mUvI g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wbY©q Kiv nq|
ex‡h©i g~j¨vqb e‡j|
g¨v‡µv‡¯‹vwcK I †fŠZ cix¶v

AvqZb t msMÖvnK b‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ex‡h©i AvqZb mivmwi cwigvc Kiv nq| GKwU luvo †_‡K
msMÖvnK b‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ex‡h©i
AvqZb mivmwi cwigvc Kiv cÖwZev‡i M‡o 5-8 wm.wm. exh© cvIqv hvq|
nq|
eY© t ex‡h©i eY© mvavibZ µxg, aymi ev njy`vf n‡q _v‡K| Gi evB‡i †Kv‡bv is †hgb− Lye
njy` hv cu~R ev cÖmve †gkv‡bv exh©, jvj‡P hv i³ †gkv‡bv exh© wb‡`©k K‡i|
ex‡h©i NbZ¡ t GKwU my¯’ I mej luv‡oi ex‡h©i NbZ¡ µx‡gi g‡Zv n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K `ye©j
ev Amy¯’ luv‡oi exh© cvwbi g‡Zv Zij hv eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx bq|
mv›`ªZv t ex‡h©i mv›`ªZv msMÖvnK bj Avj‡Zvfv‡e Nywi‡q wdwi‡q ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nq|
gvB‡µv‡¯‹vwcK cix¶v
ex‡h©i bovPovi MwZ cix¶v (Motility of Spermatozoa) t exh© msMÖ‡ni Aí mgq c‡i GKwU
cwi¯‹vi úvB‡W GK †dvUv exh© wb‡q Abyex¶Y h‡š¿i wb‡P ex‡h©i bovPovi MwZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv
nq| ex‡h©i bovPovi MwZ‡K 0-5 ch©šÍ †MÖ‡W fvM Kiv hvq|

0 = GB †MÖW ex‡h©i ga¨w¯’Z ïµvYyi †Kv‡bviƒc bovPov wb‡`©k K‡i bv A_v©r No

motility|
+ = GB †MÖW ex‡h©i ga¨Kvi kZKiv 20 fv‡Mi Kg ïµvYyi bovPov wb‡`©k K‡i| Aek¨
G‡Z ex‡h©i AMÖMvgx MwZ cwijw¶Z nq bv| GUv Poor motility|
++ = kZKiv 20 †_‡K 50 fvM ïµvYyi bovPov G †MÖ‡W cwijw¶Z nq| GUv Good
motility|
+++ = cÖvq kZKiv 50-75 fvM ïµvYy bovPov K‡i| G‡Z ïµvYy¸‡jv mwµq _v‡K Ges
AMÖMvgx MwZ cwijw¶Z nq| wKš‘ MwZ Lye `ªæZ nq bv| GwU Very good motility|
++++ = GB †MÖ‡Wi ex‡h©i kZKiv 80 ev Z‡ZvwaK ïµvYy LyeB Zwor MwZ m¤úbœ Ges
G‡ì AMÖMvgx MwZ G‡Zv `ªæZ nq †h †Kv‡bv GKwU ïµvYy Abyex¶Y h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨
Avjv`v K‡i kbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| GUv Excellent motility|
+++ = G gvb A_ev Zvi †P‡q fvjgv‡bi exh© K…wÎg cÖRb‡b eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
ex‡h©i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bvµ‡gB A¯^vfvweK AvK…wZi ïµvYyi nvi

kZKiv 20 fv‡Mi †ewk ex‡h©i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bvµ‡gB kZKiv 20 fv‡Mi †ewk A¯^vfvweK AvK…wZi ïµvYy _vKv DwPZ bq|
A¯^vfvweK AvK…wZi ïµvYy ïµvYyi AvK…wZ‡Z †h A¯^vfvweKZv ¸‡jv †`Lv hvq, †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
_vKv DwPr bq| gv_v t ˆØZ gv_v, j¤^v gv_v, ¶z`ª gv_v, miæ g_v|
†jR t miæ †jR, gvSLv‡b fv½v †jR, BZ¨vw`|
Nvo t gv_vi mv‡_ fv‡jv ms‡hv‡Mi Abycw¯’wZ,
ga¨fvM t ewa©Z, miæ BZ¨vw`|
ivmvqwbK cix¶v
wc.GBP (pH) t bvBUªv‡Rb KvMR w`‡q GB cix¶v m¤úv`b Kiv nq| ex‡h©i pH luv‡oi †¶‡Î
6-7 Gi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i|
wg_vBwjb-e−y-cix¶v t G cix¶vq exh© cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i wg_vBwjb e−y wgwk‡q 110-1150 dv.
(43-460 †m.) Zv‡c b‡ji g‡a¨ cvwb‡Z ivLv nq| 3-6 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ hw` ex‡h©i bxj is P‡j
hvq, Z‡e GwU fv‡jv gv‡bi exh©, Ab¨w`‡K hw` bxj is weeb© n‡Z 9 wgwb‡Ui †ewk mgq †bq
Z‡e D³ exh© eënv‡ii Abycyhy³ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|
exh© ZijxKiY I msi¶Y

ex‡h©i AvqZb Ges ïµvYyi †eu‡P _vKvi mgqKvj e„w×i Rb¨ exh© ZijxKiY Acwinvh©| K…wÎg
Dcv‡q exh© msMÖn K‡i Zv ZijxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g AmsL¨ Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv hvq| G‡Z K‡i
fv‡jv Rv‡Zi Mevw`cïi Drcv`b `ªæZ evov‡bv m¤¢e| ex‡h©i AvqZb evov‡bvi Rb¨ †h wgwWqv
eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K WvBjy‡q›U e‡j| †hgb− GM BqK mvB‡UªU GKwU eûj eëüZ
WvBjy‡q›U| exh© ZijxKi‡Y eëüZ WvBjy‡q‡›Ui (diluent) wb‡Pi êwkó¸‡jv _vK‡Z n‡e|
• ivmvqwbK w`K †_‡K WvBjy‡q›U welv³ n‡e bv|
• WvBjy‡q›U ïµvYyi Rb¨ kw³ mieivnKvix Lv‡`¨vcv`vbhy³ n‡e|
• VvÛv †_‡K ïµvYy i¶v cv‡e Ggb ¸Ym¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e|
• WvBjy‡q›U A¤øZ¡ ev ¶viZ¡ gy³ n‡e|
• m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Rxevbygy³ n‡Z n‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
WvBjy‡q‡›Ui cÖKvi
• GMBqK mvB‡UªU G·‡UbWvi
• wgé G·‡UbWvi
• GMBqK dm‡dU WvBjy‡q›U
• wgé-wi‡c−mvi
• †Kv‡KvbvU wgé G·‡UbWvi
GMBqK mvB‡UªU WvBjy‡q›U ˆZwii avc

evdvi ˆZwi
100 wm.wm. weï× cvwbi m‡½ 2.94 MÖvg †mvwWqvg mvB‡UªU cvDWvi wgwkªZ K‡i †mvwWqvg
mvB‡UªU evdvi ˆZwi Kiv nq|
Gw›Uev‡qvwUK †hvMKiY
• †cwbwmwjb 5 j¶ AvB BD G¤úyj 5 wm.wm. cvwb `ªexf‚Z K‡i Zvi 1 wm.wm. 100 wm.wm.
evdvi `ªe‡Y †hvM Kiæb|
• †÷ªc‡UvgvBwmb GK MÖv‡gi GKwU G¤úy‡j 5 wm.wm. cvwZZ cvwb `ªexf‚Z K‡i Zvi 0.5
wm.wm. 100 wm.wm. evdv‡i †hvM Kiæb|
• mvjdvjvwbgvBW cvDWvi 100 wm.wm. ˆZwiK…Z evdv‡i 0.6 MÖvg cvDWvi †hvM Kiæb|
GMBqK wgkªY
gyiMxi wWg (1 w`‡bi) Gj‡Kvnj Øviv fvjfv‡e cwi¯‹vi K‡i wbb| AZci wW‡gi †gvUv Ask
†f‡½ wbb| †Rwji gZ wW‡gi mv`v Ask (G¨vjeywgb) hZ`~i cviv hvq †¯ú”Pzjv w`‡q Avjv`v
Kiæb| Gev‡i wW‡gi Kzmyg †Pvl KvM‡R †X‡j wbb| Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í mv`vAsk KvMR w`‡q Pz‡l wb‡q
Kzmy‡gi c`v©wU dvwU‡q Kzmyg GKwU `vM KvUv wmwjÛv‡i ivLyb I †g‡c wbb| 1 fvM wW‡gi
Kzmy‡gi mv‡_ 2-4 fvM evdvi fv‡jv K‡i wgkvb| Gfv‡e exh© ZijxKi‡Y WvBjy‡q›U ˆZwi Kiv
nq|
exh© wgwkªZKiY
exh© WvBjy‡q›Ui mv‡_ wgkª‡Yi exh© WvBjy‡q›Ui mv‡_ wgkª‡Yi c~‡e© ex‡h©i ga¨w¯’Z ïµvYyi NbZ¡ KZ Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e| aiv
c~‡e© ex‡h©i ga¨w¯’Z ïµvYyi hvK, †Kvb ex‡h© ïµvYyi msL¨v 1000 wgwjqb/wm.wm.| G‡¶‡Î exh©‡K (1000 wgwjqb ÷ 10
NbZ¡ KZ Zv †R‡b wb‡Z
wgwjqb) = 100 ¸Y ea©b Kiv hv‡e (†h‡nZz 1 wm.wm. ex‡h© Kgc‡¶ 10 wgwjqb ïµvYy _v‡K)
Gfv‡e 1 wm.wm. Avw` exR 100 wm.wm. WvBjy‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ †hvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ
exh©‡K 10-250 ¸Y ZijxK…Z Kiv hvq| GUv Aek¨ ex‡h© Aew¯’Z ïµvYyi msL¨vi Ici wbf©i
K‡i|
exh© msi¶Y
exh©‡K `yfv‡e msi¶Y Kiv hvq−
• ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ t 4-50 †m. ZvcgvÎvq 3-4 w`b msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq|
• `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨ t −790 †m. ZvcgvÎvq ï®‹ eid I A¨vj‡Kvn‡j Ges −1960 †m.
ZvcgvÎvq Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Øviv msi¶Y Kiv hvq|

K…wÎg Dcv‡q Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqvi wbqg

• cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx wPwýZ K‡i Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfx FZzP‡µi †Kvb& Ae¯’vq Av‡Q Zv †R‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfx‡K k~‡Ui (Chute) g‡a¨ fvjfv‡e AvUwK‡q wb‡Z n‡e|
• Gevi evg nv‡Z †M−vem, Mv‡q A¨vcÖb Ges MvgeyU cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e|
• RxevbybvkK w`‡q nvZ, cïi gjØvi I †hvwbi evB‡ii Ask fvjfv‡e gy‡Q wb‡Z n‡e Ges
wcw”QjKviK w`‡q nv‡Zi Dc‡i †M−vem‡K wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
• evg nvZwU Gevi gjØvi w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e Ges gjvkq †_‡K g~Îvkq †`qv‡ji Ici
w`‡q RbbZ‡š¿i mvwf©· ai‡Z n‡e|
• AZci 1 wm.wm. cwigvY Zij exh© K¨v‡_Uv‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
• exh©c~Y© K¨v‡_UviwU Wvb nvZ w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i †hvwbi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e Ges evg nvZ
w`‡q K¨v‡_Uv‡ii Aw¯ÍË Abyfe Ki‡Z n‡e|
• K¨v‡_Uv‡ii cwjev‡j¦ Pvc w`‡q exh©‡K RbbZ‡š¿ cÖevwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| cy‡iv exh© mvwf©‡·
wbM©Z n‡j cwjev‡j¦ mgcwigvY Pvc †i‡L K¨v‡_Uvi †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
mvigg©
DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi cvkvcvwk AbybœZ †`k¸‡jv‡ZI K…wÎg cÖRbb †KŠkj Mevw`cïi †KŠwjKgvb
Dbœq‡b eûj cÖPwjZ| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cvj †Ìqvi †¶‡Î GKwU luvo eQ‡i 50wU Mvfxi mv‡_
wgwjZ n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ K…wÎg cÖRb‡bi †ejvq GKwU luv‡oi exh© eënvi K‡i eQ‡i Kgc‡¶
10000 Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv m¤¢e| K…wÎg cÖRbb †KŠkj mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g we‡`kx
DbœZ Rv‡Zi luvo Avg`vwb bv K‡iI ïaygvÎ exh© Avg`vwb K‡i †`kx AbybœZ Rv‡Zi Dbœqb
NUv‡bv m¤¢e| K…wÎg cÖRbb c×wZ‡Z K…wÎgfv‡e luvo †_‡K exh© msMÖn Ki‡Z nq, H exh©
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z nq, cÖ‡qvR‡b msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq Ges mwVKfv‡e Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv‡Z nq|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb

K. †Kvb †`‡ki weÁvbx †Nvox‡Z me©cÖ_g K…wÎg cÖRbb NUv‡Z m¶g nb
i. wgkixq weÁvbx
ii. Avie weÁvbx
iii. ivwkqvi weÁvbx
iv. BD‡iv‡ci weÁvbx
L. Avgv‡ì †`‡k K…wÎg cÖRbb m¤úÖmviY cÖKí Pvjy nq KZ mv‡j?

i. 1975-76 mv‡j
ii. 1976-78 mv‡j
iii. 1957-58 mv‡j
iv. 1977-78 mv‡j

K. GKwU luvo eQ‡i 50wU Mvfxi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡Z cv‡i|
L. K…wÎg cÖRb‡b `¶ I cÖwk¶Y cÖvß Acv‡iU‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

K. K…wÎg †hvwb‡Z Mig cvwbi ZvcgvÎ - - - - - - - - - |
L. 20-50 fvM ïKKx‡Ui bovPov - - - - - - - - - -|

K. GKwU luvo †_‡K cÖwZev‡i Kx cwigvY exh© cvIqv hvq|
L. luv‡oi †¶‡Î ex‡h©i pH KZ?

cvV 1.5 Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q

■ Mfv©e¯’v wbY©‡qi D‡Ïk¨ ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Mf©eZx Mvfxi evwn¨K j¶Y¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e Mvfxi Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q Kiv nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
■ Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡qi j¨ve‡iUix cix¶v¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
Mf©aviY ev Mfv©e¯’v ej‡Z †Kv‡bv Mvfxi Rivqy ev BD‡Uiv‡m ea©bkxj ev”Pvi Dcw¯’wZ‡KB
†evSvq| Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv †_‡K ev”Pv cÖm‡ei c~e© ch©šÍ mgq‡K Mf©aviYKvj e‡j| Mvfxi
Mf©aviYKvj 280 + 10 w`b|
Mf©aviY wbY©q GKwU AZ¨šÍ Mf©aviY wbY©q GKwU RwUj welq| A_P mvdj¨RbK Lvgvi eë¯’vcbvq cvj †Ìqvi ci Mvfx
RwUj weql| mvaviYZ cvj Mf©eZx n‡q‡Q wKbv GwU wbwðZ Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæix| mvaviYZ cvj †Ìqvi 6-12 mßvn ci
†Ìqvi 6-12 mßvn ci Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q Kiv n‡q
Mfv©e¯’v ev Mf©aviY wbY©‡qi D‡Ïk¨ (Objectives of pregnancy diagnosis)
• †h mg¯Í Mvfx Abye©iZv (Infertility) ev eÜ¨v‡Z¡i (Sterility) Kvi‡Y ev”Pv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv Zv‡ì‡K wPwýZ K‡i wPwKrmv Kiv‡bv A_ev Lvgvi †_‡K QuvUvB Kiv|
• Mf©eZx Mvfx‡K wPwýZ K‡i ïiæ †_‡KB Zvi Rb¨ c„_K Lv`¨ I Ab¨vb¨ eë¯’vcbv wbwðZ Kiv|
• A‡bK Mvfx Mf©aviY bv K‡iI Ggb KZK¸‡jv j¶Y cÖKvk K‡i hv‡Z g‡b nq MvfxwU
Mf©eZx| Mfv©e¯’v wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g Gai‡bi Mvfx wPwýZ K‡i GKw`‡K †hgb mg‡qi AcPq
†iva Kiv hvq Aciw`‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡eI jvfRbK nIqv hvq|
Mf©ve¯’v ev Mf©aviY wbY©‡qi c×wZ (Methods of pregnancy diagnosis)

Mfv©e¯’v ev Mf©aviY wbY©‡qi c×wZ¸‡jv n‡jv −
• evwn¨K j¶Y †`‡L (Sign of pregnancy)
• †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ (Rectal palpation method)
• j¨ve‡iUix cix¶vi gva¨‡g (Laboratory tests)
Mfv©e¯’vi evwn¨K j¶Y (Sign of pregnancy)

Mvfx Mfv©aviY Ki‡j †h mg¯Í evwn¨K j¶Y cÖKvk cvq †m¸‡jv n‡jv −
• FZzPµ eÜ n‡q hvIqv− Mf©avi‡Yi cÖv_wgK wPýB n‡jv Mvfxi FZzPµ eÜ n‡q hvIqv|
Mf©avi‡Yi cÖv_wgK wPýB cvj †Ìqvi ci FZzPµ eÜ n‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB MvfxwU Mf©eZx n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Kiv
n‡jv Mvfxi FZzPµ eÜ n‡q
hvIqv|
nq| Aek¨ A‡bK mgq cvj †Ìqvi ci Mvfx Mf©eZx bv n‡jI wewfbœ Kvi‡Y FZzPµ eÜ
n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Mvfx Mf©eZx n‡jI FZzPµ ev Mig nIqvi j¶Y cÖ`k©b K‡i _v‡K|
• Mvfx wbixn I kvšÍ cÖK…wZi n‡q _v‡K|
• Mvfxi †`‡n Pwe© Rg‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
• åæ‡bi e„w× Ges Ijvb I Rivqy ùxZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Mfv©e¯’vi gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K Mvfxi
ˆ`wnK IRb evo‡Z _v‡K|
• Mfv©e¯’vi †k‡li w`‡K Mvfxi Zj‡c‡Ui (Abdomen) AvqZb †e‡o hvq|
• Mvfxi Ijvb `„p, PKP‡K Ges AvKv‡i eo nq| Avi euvU¸‡jv ˆZjv³ g‡b nq|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
wPÎ 8 t GKwU Mf©eZx Mvfx
†iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ (Rectal palpation method)

Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ †iKUvj Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ GB c×wZwU me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ I mnR| GB c×wZ‡Z Lye Kg Li‡P Aí
cvj‡ckb c×wZwU me‡P‡q mg‡q cÖv_wgK I gaëZx© Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq| †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ‡Z Mvfx Mf©eZx
cÖPwjZ I mnR| GB
c×wZ‡Z Lye Kg Li‡P Aí
n‡q‡Q wKbv ïaygvÎ GUvB wbY©q Kiv nq bv, Mvfx KZw`‡bi Mf©eZx ZvI wbY©q Kiv nq| GB
mg‡q cÖv_wgK I gaëZx© c×wZ‡Z hwÌ †Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZ ev ivmvqwbK `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv wKš‘ cix¶K‡K (whwb
Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq| Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q Ki‡eb) h‡_ó `¶ I AwfÁ n‡Z nq|
†iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ‡Z Mf©e¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ hv Ki‡Z n‡e−

• Mvfx‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU myweavRbK RvqMvq AvUKv‡Z n‡e|
• whwb Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q Ki‡eb Zvu‡K cwi¯‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡Z n‡e|
• Mv‡q G¨v‡cÖvb, cv‡q MvgeyU Ges m¤¢e n‡j evg nv‡Z M−vfm c‡o wb‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfxi †hvwb I gjØvi Aí Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q Zz‡jv w`‡q gy‡Q wb‡Z n‡e Ges fv‡jv
wcw”QjKviK c`v_© †hgb †fwmwjb w`‡q wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| whwb Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q
Ki‡eb Zvi nvZI wcw”Qj K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfxi Wvb cv‡k ùvwo‡q Wvb nvZ w`‡q Mvfxi †jR Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e Ges evg nvZ gjØvi
w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e|
• nv‡Zi Kwâ Xz‡K †M‡j gjØv‡ii cÖvPx‡ii Dci †_‡K Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i Ask¸‡jvi Ae¯’v
Abyfe Ki‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ 9 t †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ‡Z Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q
Mvfxi Mf©ve¯’vi wewfbœ chv©‡q wewfbœ iKg Abyf‚wZ Abyfe Kiv hv‡e|
Mvfx Mf©eZx bv n‡j

fvjfv †_‡K 6 n‡Z 10 BwÂ ciB mvwf©· Abyf‚Z n‡e| Rivqyi `y‡Uv kvLvB mgvb _vK‡e|
Rivqyi kvLv `y‡Uvi gvSLv‡b Xvjy _vK‡e| eKbv Mvfxi †¶‡Î mvwf©·, Rivqyi kvLv Ges wW¤^vkq
nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q aiv hv‡e| wW¤^vk‡q Kicvm wjDwUqvg _vK‡e bv|
Mvfx 1 gv‡mi Mf©eZx n‡j

Rivqyi †h kvLvq (mvaviYZ
Wvb kvLvq) åæY _vK‡e Zv Rivqyi †h kvLvq (mvaviYZ Wvb kvLvq) åæY _vK‡e Zv Ab¨ kvLv A‡c¶v wKQyUv †gvUv n‡e|
Ab¨ kvLv A‡c¶v wKQyUv åæY aviYKvix kvLvi wW¤^vk‡q Kicvm wjDwUqvg Dcw¯’Z _vK‡e| mvwf©‡·i evB‡ii gy‡L Nb
†gvUv n‡e| Aa©KwVb wgDKvm _vK‡e| Rivqy cvZjv I nvjKv g‡b n‡e Ges Gi †fZ‡i Zij c`v_© i‡q‡Q
e‡j Abyf‚Z n‡e| åæY AvbygvwbK 1/2 BwÂ j¤^v n‡e Ges Gi Pvi cv‡k Zij c`v_© †ewóZ
i‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡e|

åæY aviYKvix Rivqyi kvLvwU Av‡iv †gvUv n‡e Ges mn‡RB Abyfe Kiv hv‡e| Rivqyi kvLvwU
wcw”Qj n‡e| åæY AvKv‡i 5 mßv‡n gv‡e©‡ji g‡Zv Ges 7 mßv‡n gyiwMi g‡Zv g‡b n‡e|

åæY aviYKvix Rivqyi kvLvwU Av‡iv †gvUv n‡e Ges Gi Pvicv‡ki Zij c`v‡_©i cwigvY I
evo‡e| Rivqyi kvLvi agbx nvZ w`‡q †evSv hv‡e| Rivqyi ¯’vb cwiewZ©Z n‡q Zj‡c‡U hv‡e|
åæY cÖvq 10 BwÂ j¤^v n‡e Ges åæ‡Yi ürwc‡Ûi ¯ú›`b Abyfe Kiv hv‡e|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb

KwUwjW‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe KwUwjW‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Kiv hvq Ges Zv ax‡i ax‡i e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| åæ‡Yi ˆ`N¨© cÖvq 15
Kiv hvq Ges Zv ax‡i ax‡i BwÂi g‡Zv nq| åæ‡Yi gv_v gvSvwi AvKv‡ii †cqvivi g‡Zv n‡e| gv_vi GB AvKvi w`‡qB
e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Mf©aviY m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwðZ nIqv hvq| gjØvi w`‡q nvZ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡j cÖ_‡gB gv_vi
Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Kiv hvq|

ev”Pvmn Rivqy nv‡Zi bvMv‡ji evB‡i P‡j hv‡e| Z‡e A‡bK mgq ev”Pvi mvg‡bi cv ev ev”Pv
nv‡Z jvM‡ZI cv‡i|
5 gv‡mi ci †_‡K evwn¨K j¶Y †`‡LB †evSv hv‡e †h, Mvfx AšÍtmË¡v|
j¨ve‡iUix cix¶v (Laboratory tests)

• †ewiqvg †K¬vivBW cix¶v t 5-6 †duvUv 1% †ewiqvg †K¬vivBW 5 wg.wj. cwigvY g~‡Îi
mv‡_ †gkv‡j hw` g~‡Îi iO AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e H MvfxwU Mf©eZx| wKš‘
hw` g~‡Îi is cwiewZ©Z n‡q mv`v iO‡qi Aat‡¶c c‡o Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e MvfxwU Mf©eZx
bq| Z‡e GB cix¶vwU 100% wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq|
• ¯‹¨vwbs t ‘OVISCAN’ bvgK h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq|
• i³i‡m Mvgv-‡M−vweDwj‡bi Dcw¯’wZ cix¶vi gva¨‡gI Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq|
mvigg©
Mvfxi Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q GKwU RwUj welq| Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Mf©eZx
Mvfxi Rb¨ mwVK eë¯’vcbv †bIqv hvq Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Lvgvi‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK
Kiv hvq| evwn¨K j¶Y, †iKUvj cvj‡ckb I j¨ve‡iUix cix¶v− GB wZbfv‡e Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q
Kiv hvq| Z‡e Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡qi Rb¨ †iKUvj cvj‡ckb me‡P‡q mwVK I Dchy³ c×wZ|


K. †ewiqvg †K¬vivBW cix¶vq K‡Zv †duvUv †ewiqvg †K¬vivBW g~‡Îi mv‡_ †gkv‡Z
nq?
i. 5-6 †duvUv
ii. 8-10 †duvUv
iii. 3-4 †duvUv
iv. 6-7 †duvUv
L. 1 gv‡mi Mf©eZx Mvfxi åæY KZUzKz j¤^v nq?

i. 1 BwÂ
ii. 1/ BwÂ
2
iii. 3 /4 BwÂ
iv. 11/2 BwÂ

K. Mvfx Mf©eZx n‡j FZzPµ eÜ n‡q hvq|
L. Mf©eZx Mvfxi euvU¸‡jv LmL‡m n‡q hvq|
3| k~Y¨¯’vb cyiY Kiæb|

K. Mfv©e¯’v wbY©‡qi me‡P‡q mwVK I Dchy³ c×wZ n‡jv ...................|
L. Mf©ve¯’v wbY©‡q ................. gjØvi w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kiv‡Z n‡e|

K. ¯‹¨vwbs Gi Rb¨ eëüZ h‡š¿i bvg Kx?
L. Mf©eZx Mvfx‡Z KwUwjW‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Abyfe Kiv hvq KZ gvm eq‡m?

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
cvV 1.6 Mf©Kvjxb, cÖmeKvjxb I cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv©

■ Mf©Kvjxb Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ cÖm‡ei mgq Mvfxi Kx ai‡bi eë¯’vcbv cÖ‡qvRb Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ cÖm‡ei ci Kx Kx KiZ n‡e Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Mvfx †_‡K my¯’ mej evQyi †c‡Z n‡j cvj †Ìqvi ci †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ci ch©šÍ
mgqUzKz‡Z mwVK hZœ I cwiPhv©i eë¯’v Ki‡Z nq| mwVK eë¯’vcbvi Afv‡e Mvfx I evQy‡ii
gvivÍK ¶wZ nevi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| d‡j Mvfx cvjb jvfRbK bv n‡q †jvKmv‡b ch©ewmZ n‡Z
cv‡i|
Mf©Kvjxb Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© (Care and management of cow during pregnancy)
Mvfxi Mf©aviYKvj M‡o 280
w`b| cÖvK…wZK ev K…wÎg Mvfxi Mf©aviYKvj M‡o 280 w`b| cÖvK…wZK ev K…wÎg †hfv‡eB cvj †Ìqv †nvK bv †K‡bv
†hfv‡eB cvj †Ìqv †nvK bv KLb cvj †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †mB mgqwU g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZwU Mvfxi ¯^v¯’¨‡iKW© cix¶vi
†K‡bv KLb cvj †Ìqv gva¨‡g Mvfx Mf©aviY K‡i‡Q wKbv GB welqwUI wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e| `y»eZx Mvfxi †¶‡Î
n‡q‡Q †mB mgqwU g‡b Mf©ve¯’vq 6 gvm ch©šÍ hZœ, cwiPhv©, Lv`¨ mieivn I `ya †`vnb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Pj‡e| Qq
ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZwU Mvfxi gv‡mi D‡aŸ© Mf©eZx Mvfx‡K ˆ`wbK Lv‡`ï AwZwi³ `vbv`vi Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e| Mvfxi IRb
¯^v¯’¨‡iKW© cix¶vi gva¨‡g
Mvfx Mf©aviY K‡i‡Q wKbv 200-300 †KwR n‡j 0.5-1.0 †KwR, 300-400 †KwR n‡j 1.0-1.5 †KwR Ges 400-500
GB welqwUI wbwðZ n‡Z †KwR n‡j 1.5-2.75 †KwR `vbv`vi wgkªY w`‡Z n‡e| eqm‡f‡` AwZwi³ GB Lv`¨ Pvwn`v‡K
n‡e| †cÖM&‡bwÝ G¨vjvDÝ (Pregnancy allowance) e‡j| Mf©eZx Mvfx‡K GB eq‡m Lv`¨ cÖ`v‡b †h
`y‡Uv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jv− (K) Mvfxi †Kvbfv‡eB Pwe© Rg‡Z †Ìqv hv‡e
bv Ges (L) `vbv`vi wgkª‡Yi mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK K¨vjwmqvg I dmdivm RvZxq Lv`¨
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e eKbv evQy‡ii †¶‡Î cvj †Ìqvi ci †_‡KB mylg Lv`¨ mwVK
cwigv‡Y mieivn Kiv DwPZ| KviY GB mgq M‡f©i ev”Pv I eKbv evQy‡ii kix‡ii e„w× GKB
mv‡_ N‡U _v‡K| Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx‡K K¨vjwmqvg I dmdivm RvZxq LwbR c`v_© mg„×
Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv DwPZ| Mf©ve¯’vq eKbv/Mvfx †h‡bv cÖPzi cwigvY cwi®‹vi cvwb †L‡Z cv‡i †m
eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| mviwY 1.2-G 6 gv‡mi AwaK Mf©eZx Mvfxi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv †Ìqv n‡jv|
mviwY 1.2 t 6 gv‡mi AwaK Mf©eZx Mvfxi IRb I `ya Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ Pvwn`v
ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ Pvwn`v (†KwR)
Mvfxi IRb `ya Drcv`b Avuk RvZxq Lv`¨ `vbv`vi Lv`¨
(†KwR) (†KwR) (KuvPv Nvm/Lo)
Mf©eZx bq Mf©eZx Mf©eZx bq Mf©eZx
6 gv‡mi AwaK 6 gv‡mi AwaK
300 2.0 36.0/90 30.0/7.50 1.00 1.50
400 2.0 40.0/10.0 36.0/9.0 2.00 3.50
KuvPv Nvm Ges ïK‡bv L‡oi wgkªY AvbycvwZK nv‡i mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ Pvi †KwR
KuvPv Nvm †gvUvgywUfv‡e GK †KwR ïK‡bv L‡oi mgZ‚j¨|

`vbv`vi wgkªY me mgq mnR jf¨ I m¯Ív Lv`¨ Dcv`vb w`‡q ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e G Rb¨
cywó gvÎvi e¨vNvZ NUv‡bv hv‡e bv| `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï wgkªY ˆZwii Rb¨ wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi
eënvwiK gvÎvi GKwU wnmve wb‡P †`qv n‡jv|
Lv‡`ï bvg MVb (kZKiv nvi)

K. `vbv`vi Lv`¨ (Mg/f‚Æv/†Lmvwi fvsMv) 15-25
L f‚wl I Kzov (Mg/Pvj/†Lmvwi) 45-55
M. ˆLj (wZj/bvwi‡Kj/Zzjv exR) 15-20
N. gv‡Qi ¸ov/mqvweb wgj 4-5
O. LwbR I jeY 4-5
(jeY 1.0% Ges nv‡oi ¸ov/jvBg †÷vb cvDWvi/wSby‡Ki
cvDWvi/wW‡gi †Lvmvi cvDWvi BZ¨vw` 3-4%)
cÖm‡ei cÖvq `yÕmßvn c~e© †_‡K eKbv ev Mvfx‡K GKUz eo ai‡bi N‡i c„_Kfv‡e †Lvjv Ae¯’vq
ivL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZw`b nuvUvPjvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| cwi®‹vi big weQvbvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Mf©ve¯’vq †hb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB eKbv ev Mvfx D‡ËwRZ bv nq ev AvNvZ bv
cvq| Mig nIqv Mvfx ev luvo †hb Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfxi Dci jvd bv †`q †mw`‡KI j¶¨
ivL‡Z n‡e| GB mgq eKbv ev Mvfxi Lv‡`ï cwigvY ax‡i ax‡i Kwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e| cvqLvbv
cwi®‹vi I kixi VvÛv _v‡K G RvZxq Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖmeKvjxb Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© (Care and management of cow during parturition)
cÖm‡ei wKQy mgq c~e© †_‡KB
Mvfx‡Z wKQy j¶Y cÖKvk
cÖm‡ei wKQy mgq c~e© †_‡KB Mvfx‡Z wKQy j¶Y cÖKvk †c‡Z _v‡K †hgb− Ijvb dz‡j hvq,
†c‡Z _v‡K †hgb− Ijvb
fvjfv ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q 2 †_‡K 6 ¸Y †ewk dz‡j hvq Ges †j‡Ri †Mvovi w`‡K im †ei n‡Z
dz‡j hvq, fvjfv ¯^vfvwe‡Ki _v‡K| GB mgq Mvfx‡K cÖm~wZ N‡i †bIqv DwPZ| cÖm~wZ Ni cwi®‹vi I RxevYyg³ n‡Z n‡e
†P‡q 2 †_‡K 6 ¸Y †ewk Ges Av‡jv-evZvm PjvP‡ji I fv‡jv weQvbvi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevi el©vKvj Ges kxZKvj
dz‡j hvq Ges †j‡Ri †Mvovi e¨vwZZ Ab¨ mg‡q Lvgv‡ii KvQvKvwQ cwi®‹vi, Qvqvhy³ Ges Nvm Av‡Q Ggb ¯’v‡bI †bIqv
w`‡K im †ei n‡Z _v‡K| †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖm‡ei mgq Mvfxi cÖwZ Zx¶è `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ cÖm‡ei j¶Y cÖKvk
cvevi 1 †_‡K 2 N›Uvi g‡a¨B ev”Pv cÖme n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ hw` cÖme e¨v_v ïiæ nIqvi 4 N›Uvi
g‡a¨ ev”Pv cÖme bv nq Z‡e cï wPwKrm‡Ki mvnvh¨ †bIqv DwPZ| ¯^vfvweK ev”Pv cÖm‡ei †¶‡Î
mvnvh¨ QvovB Mvfx mvaviYZ ev”Pv cÖme K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e A‡bK mgq nvZ w`‡q mvgvb¨ mvnvh¨
Ki‡Z nq| cÖm‡ei ïiæ‡ZB ev”Pvi mg‡bi cv †ewi‡q Av‡m, Gici Av‡m bvK (wPÎ .)|
†h‡Kv‡bv A¯^vfvweK cwiw¯’wZ‡ZB Riæix wfwË‡Z cï wPwKrm‡Ki mvnvh¨ †bIqv DwPZ|
wPÎ 10 t Mvfx †_‡K ev”Pv cÖme n‡”Q

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPh©v (Care and management of cow after parturition)
ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ciciB
wbgcvZv ev cUvwkqvg • ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ciciB wbgcvZv ev cUvwkqvg cvig¨v½v‡bU Gi wKQy `vbv mn‡hv‡M cvwb
cvig¨v½v‡bU Gi wKQy `vbv Mig K‡i Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i evB‡ii Ask, d¬vsK (Flank) Ges †jR cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
mn‡hv‡M cvwb Mig K‡i
Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i evB‡ii • Mvfxi hv‡Z VvÛv bv jv‡M †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
Ask, d¬vsK (Flank) Ges
†jR cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| • ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ciciB Mvfx‡K nvjKv Mig cvwb ev Gai‡bi cvwb w`‡q ¸‡oi mieZ ˆZwi
K‡i LvIqv‡bv fv‡jv|
• Mvfx hv‡Z beRvZK evQyi‡K PvU‡Z cv‡i GRb¨ evQyi‡K Mvfxi Kv‡Q †h‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• cÖm‡ei ciciB Mvfx‡K AvswkKfv‡e †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e|
• mvaviYZ cÖm‡ei 2-4 N›Uvi g‡a¨B Mf©dzj (Placenta) †ei n‡q hvq| hw` 8-12 N›Uvi
g‡aÏ Mf©dzj †ei bv nq Z‡e Mvfx‡K AviMU wgkªY (Ergot mixture) LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z
cv‡i| 12 N›Uvi c‡iI Mf©dzj †ei bv n‡j cïwPwKrm‡Ki mvnvh¨ †bIqv DwPZ|
• Mf©dzj †ei nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z †dj‡Z n‡e| Mvfx †h‡bv Mf©dzj bv †L‡q
†d‡j †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivLv DwPZ|
• `yaR¡i I g¨v÷vBwUm †iv‡Mi m¤¢vebv Kgvevi Rb¨ ev”Pv cÖm‡ei ci 1-2 w`b ch©šÍ Mvfx‡K
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †`vnb bv KivB fv‡jv| evQyi‡K KvPjv `ya ev Kj÷ªvg LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ Ijv‡bi
euvU Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfx‡K cÖ_gZ nvjKv Mig cvwb‡Z M‡gi f‚wl wfwR‡q †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| GKBmv‡_
AícwigvY KuvPv NvmI LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ev”Pv cÖm‡ei 2 w`b ci †_‡K Mvfx‡K
`vbv`vi Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï cwigvY Ggbfv‡e evov‡Z n‡e
hv‡Z ev”Pv cÖm‡ei 15 w`b ci †_‡K j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx `vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv hvq|
mvigg©
my¯’-mej ev”Pv †c‡Z Ges Mvfx‡K †ivMgy³ I AwaK Drcv`bkxj ivL‡Z n‡j Mf©ve¯’vq
cÖm‡ei mgq Ges cÖm‡ei ci we‡kl hZœ I cwiPhv©i eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| Mf©ve¯’vq Mvfx‡K
Avivg`vqK evm¯’vb I Dchy³ Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖm‡ei mgq Mvfxi cÖwZ we‡kl `„wó
ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cïwPwKrm‡Ki mvnvh¨ wb‡Z n‡e| cÖm‡ei ci Mvfx‡K cwi®‹vi
cwi”Qbœ I Mig ivL‡Z n‡e| Mf©dzj †ei nIqvi w`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| wbqggvwdK Lv`¨
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|


K. mvaviYZ cÖm‡ei K‡Zv N›Uvi g‡a¨ Mf©dzj †ei n‡q Av‡m?
i. 5-6 N›Uv
ii. 2-4 N›Uv
iii. 7-8 N›Uv
iv. 8-12 N›Uv
L. cÖm‡ei mgq ev”Pvi kix‡ii †Kvb& Ask cÖ_g †ei n‡q Av‡m?
i. gv_v
ii. †cQ‡bi cv
iii. mvg‡bi cv
iv. bvK

K. Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx‡K K¨vjwmqvg I dmdivm RvZxq LwbR c`v_© mg„× Lv`¨
Kg cwigv‡Y mieivn Kiv DwPZ|
L. cÖm‡ei `ymßvn c~e© †_‡K eKbv ev Mvfx‡K c„_Kfv‡e ivLv DwPZ|

K. cÖm‡ei wKQymgq c~‡e© Mvfxi fvjfv - - - - - - - - - hvq|
L. Mf©ve¯’vq Mvfx‡K cÖPzi cwigvY cwi®‹vi I weï× - - - - - - - LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

K. 8-12 N›Uvi g‡aÏ Mf©dzj †ei bv n‡j Mvfx‡K Kx LvIqv‡bv DwPZ?
L. Mf©ve¯’vi †Kvb& ch©vq †_‡K Mvfxi `ya †`vnb eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e?

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
eënvwiK
cvV 1.7 Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY

■ eKbv ev Mvfx Mig nIqvi j¶Y¸‡jv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
G †Kvm©eB‡qi cvV 1.3 Gi eKbv ev Mvfxi Mig nIqvi j¶Y¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b|
mwVKfv‡e cÖRb‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx Mig n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv wbY©q Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Mvfx Mig
nIqvi ci wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖRbb bv Kiv‡j Mf©eZx nevi m¤¢vebv Lye Kg _v‡K| mvaviYZ
Mvfx Mig nIqvi 8 †_‡K 18 N›Uvi g‡a¨ cÖRbb wµqv m¤úbœ Kiv‡Z nq| GRb¨B Mvfx KLb
Mig Ae¯’vq G‡m‡Q Zv Rvbv Ges †evSv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. Mig Ae¯’vq G‡m‡Q Ggb ai‡bi eKbv ev Mvfx|
2. †M−vfm, †¯úKzjvg|
3. Kjg, eënvwiK LvZv|
Kv‡Ri aviv
• Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx‡Z †h ai‡bi evwn¨K j¶Y _vKv DwPZ †m¸‡jv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q
wKbv Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb|
• nv‡Z †M−vfm c‡o Mvfxi †hvwbgyL mvgvb¨ duvK K‡i †fZiUv ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb|
• †¯úKzjv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ mvwf©‡·i gyL ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb|
• Avcbvi ch©‡e¶Y¸‡jv eënvwiK LvZvq wjwce× Kiæb|
• ch©‡e¶YK…Z MvfxwU m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gšÍe¨ wjLyb|
• Avcbvi eënvwiK LvZvwU wUDUi‡K †`Lvb Ges Zv‡Z mB wbb|

eënvwiK
cvV 1.8 Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY

■ eKbv ev Mvfx Mf©eZx wKbv Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
■ eKbv ev Mvfx KZw`‡bi Mf©eZx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
Mf©eZx Mvfx‡K wPwýZ K‡i ïiæ †_‡KB c„_K Lv`¨ I Ab¨vb¨ eë¯’vcbv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges
Abye©i I eÜ¨v Mvfx wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q AZ¨šÍ Riæix| Mvfxi Mfv©e¯’v wbY©‡qi 3wU
c×wZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e me‡P‡q mnR I eûj cÖPwjZ c×wZ n‡jv †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ| G
†Kvm©eB‡qi cvV 1.5 Gi †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ AskUzKz g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b| G c×wZ‡Z
GKw`‡K †hgb †Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZ Ges ivmvqwbK `ªe¨vwì cÖ‡qvRb nq bv Aciw`‡K Lye Kg Li‡P
Ges Aí mg‡q cÖv_wgK I gaëZx© Mfv©e¯’v wbY©q Kiv hvq|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. GKwU eKbv ev Mvfx|
2. eKbv ev Mvfx‡K AvUKv‡bvi Rb¨ RvqMv|
3. G¨v‡cÖvb, MvgeyU, M−vfm, Mig cvwb, wcw”QjKviK c`v_© †hgb− †fwmwjb, Zzjv, iwk
BZ¨vw`|
Kv‡Ri aviv
• eKbv ev Mvfx‡K wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU myweavRbK RvqMvq AvUwK‡q †djyb|
• cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ n‡q G¨v‡cÖvb Mv‡q w`b Ges MvgeyU c‡o †djyb| evgnv‡Z M−vfm c‡o
†djyb|
• eKbv ev Mvfxi †hvwb I gjØvi Aí Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q Zz‡jv w`‡q gy‡Q †djyb Ges
†fwmwjb jvwM‡q wcw”Qj K‡i wbb|
• Mvfxi Wvb cv‡k ùvwo‡q Wvb nvZ w`‡q Mvfxi †jR Zz‡j aiæb Ges evg nvZ gj×v‡ii
cÖvPx‡ii Dci †_‡K Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i Ask¸‡jvi Ae¯’v Abyfe Kiæb|
• Avcbvi Abyf‚wZ Mvfxi Mf©ve¯’vi †Kvb& ch©vq wb‡`©k K‡i Zv GB †Kvm©eB‡qi cvV 1.5
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
• Avcbvi eënvwiK LvZvwU wUDUi‡K †`Lvb Ges Zv‡Z mB wbb|

Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb
P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb − BDwbU 1
msw¶ß I iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1| evQvB m~PK c×wZwU eY©bv Kiæb|
2| †MÖwWsAv‡ci gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e †`kx AbybœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfxi Dbœqb NUv‡bv hvq Zv eY©bv
Kiæb|
3| luv‡oi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki KvR wjwce× Kiæb|
4| wPÎmn GKwU Mvfxi RbbZ‡š¿i wewfbœ Ask wPwýZ Kiæb|
5| Mvfxi Mig nIqvi j¶Y¸‡jv Kx Kx?
6| K…wÎg †hvwbi wewfbœ Ask¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|
7| Mf©aviY wbb©‡qi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
8| WvBjy‡q‡›Ui êwkó¨¸‡jv wjwce× Kiæb|
9| exh© msi¶Y Kxfv‡e Ki‡eb wjLyb|
10| cÖm‡evËi Mvfxi hZœ Kxfv‡e wb‡eb?

DËigvjv BDwbU 1
cvV 1.1
1. K ii, L iv,
2. K. m, L. wg,
3. K. †K¬vRweªwWs, L. A_©, mgq,
4. K. evQvB I mgvMg, L. †MÖwWsAvc,
cvV 1.2
1. K iii, L i,
2. K. m, L. wg,
3. K. mviwf·, L. weUª¨v±i,
4. K. ïµvby, L. wW¤^vk‡q,
cvV 1.3
1. K i, L i,
2. K. wg, L. m,
3. K. wjDwUivj, L. 10-12 N›Uv,
4. K. M‡o 21 w`b, L. 6-18 N›Uv,
cvV 1.4
1. K-ii, L-i,
2. K. m, L. m,
3. K. 43-450 †m., L. Good motility,
4. K. 5-8 wm.wm., L. 6-7,
cvV 1.5
1. K-i, L-ii,
2. K. m, L. wg,
3. K. †iKUvj cvj‡ckb c×wZ, L. evg nvZ,
4. K. OVISCAN, L. 4 gvm,

BDwbU 2 BDwbU 2 `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Avgv‡ì †`‡k `y‡ai Drcv`b e„w×‡Z, AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó‡Z I `vwi`ª `~ixKi‡Y `y» Lvgv‡ii
f‚wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| `y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ cÖwZwU avcB GKB my‡Zvq Muv_v|
Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© †hgb wewfbœ wel‡q wPšÍv K‡i KvR Ki‡Z nq wVK †Zgwb Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi ci
Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© mRvM `„wó w`‡Z nq| `y» Lvgv‡ii g~j Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ n‡”Q
`ya| ZvB `ya evRviRvZKi‡bi eë¯’v m¤ú‡K©I Ávb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi D‡Ïk¨B
n‡jv Zv †_‡K gybvdv AR©b Kiv| myZivs `y» Lvgv‡ii Avq e¨‡qi wn‡me m¤ú‡K©I Rvbv
Avek¨K| A‡b‡K e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q Lvgvi ¯’vcb K‡i _v‡Kb| Kxfv‡e GB FY cwi‡kva
Kiv hvq †m m¤úwK©Z Ávb _vKvI cÖ‡qvRb|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V `y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖv_wgK Kibxq, Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv, `ya †`vnb I
evRviRvZKiY, 3-5 wU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖKí cÖYqb, Lvgv‡ii Avq e¨‡qi wnmve, nvZ
w`‡q `ya †`vnb, e¨vsK †_‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb wbR nv‡Z LvZvq †jLv m¤ú‡K© ZvwË¡K I
eënvwiKmn we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖv_wgK KiYxq
`y» Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv
nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb I evRviRvZKiY

(eënvwiK)
BDwbU 2 Gi
g~j D‡Ïk¨ I
3-5wU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖKí cÖYqb
cvV web¨vm
`y» Lvgv‡ii Avq e¨‡qi wnmve
e¨vsK †_‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb

wbR LvZvq †jLv (eënvwiK)
jvfRbK `y» Lvgvi

cvV 2.1 `y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖv_wgK KiYxq

■ Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ `yav‡jv Mvfxi êwkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
f‚wgnxb, cÖvwšÍK Pvlx, hyem¤úÖ`vq, MÖvgxY ¯^íweË I weËnxb gwnjv‡ì Drcv`bkxj Kv‡Ri
my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g cvwievwiK chv©q †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i RvZxq chv©‡q AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv AR©‡b
`y» Lvgvi wk‡íi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| c„w_exi A‡bK †`‡kB GgbwK Avgv‡ì cvk¦©eZx©
†`‡kI `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb GKwU jvfRbK eëmv wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfevb n‡Z n‡j †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq Avbv DwPZ Zv n‡jv−
• ¯’vb wbev©Pb (Site selection)
• evm¯’vb (Housing)
• Mvfx wbev©Pb (Selection of dairy cow)
• Lv`¨ (Feeding)
• evRviRvZKiY (Marketing)
¯’vb wbev©Pb (Site selection)

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯’vb wbev©Pb|
`y» Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g
I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv Lvgv‡ii Dchy³ ¯’vb wbev©P‡bi Rb¨ we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv n‡jv −
Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯’vb • ¯’vbwU ïK‡bv, DuPz I mgZj n‡e hv‡Z K‡i e„wói cvwb Rg‡e bv Ges mn‡RB Lvgv‡ii
wbev©Pb| eR©¨ c`v_©mg~n wb®‹vkb Kiv hv‡e|
• `y» I `y»RvZ `ªe¨vw` evRviRvZ Kivi Rb¨ Ges Lvgv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vw` µ‡qi Rb¨
Dchy³ hvZvqvZ eë¯’v _vKv cÖ‡qvRb|
• `y» Lvgvi Aek¨B RbemwZ I Rbeûj iv¯Ív †_‡K `~‡i n‡Z n‡e|
• Lvgv‡ii Av‡kcv‡k Rjvf‚wg _vKv Pj‡e bv|
• fwel¨‡Z LvgviwU eo Kivi my‡hvM _vKv Avek¨K|
• ¯^í Li‡P cÖPzi cwigvY weï×, cwi®‹vi Ges g„`y cvwb mieiv‡ni eë¯’v _vKv Avek¨K|
• we`y¨r I M¨vm mieiv‡ni myeë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
• mn‡R I ¯^íg~‡j¨ wbqwgZfv‡e kªwgK †c‡Z n‡e|
• Nvm Pv‡li Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY RvqMv _vKv DwPZ|
wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, evm¯’vb (Housing)

eb¨cÖvYx, †Pvi cÖf…wZ †_‡K wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, eb¨cÖvYx, †Pvi cÖf…wZ †_‡K Lvgv‡ii Mvfx‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Ges
Lvgv‡ii Mvfx‡K i¶v Kivi DbœZ Avivg`vqK Ae¯’v I DbœZ eë¯’vcbv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ evm¯’vb GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
Rb¨ Ges DbœZ Avivg`vqK Mvfxi evm¯’vb ev Ni ˆZwi Kivi mgq we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv n‡jv−
Ae¯’v I DbœZ eë¯’vcbv
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ evm¯’vb • Mvfxi Ni c~e© cwð‡g j¤^v n‡e|
GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| • Ni¸‡jv `w¶YgyLx nIqv Avek¨K|
• chv©ß cwigvY Av‡jv evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
• N‡ii †g‡S cvKv Ges LmL‡m n‡e| G‡Z Mvfx cv wcQ‡j c‡o hvevi m¤¢vebv Kg _v‡K|
• N‡ii †g‡S Xvjy n‡e Ges wb®‹vkb eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i †Mvei, Pbv BZ¨vw`
mn‡R cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
• N‡ii Pvjv Gm‡e÷, Qb ev euvk w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wUb eënvi Ki‡j
Mi‡gi w`‡b Ni hv‡Z DËß bv nq †mRb¨ wU‡bi wb‡P PvUvB Gi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
• cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ †g‡S‡Z 3.75-4.75 eM©wgUvi RvqMv ivLv DwPZ|
Dwj−wLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †i‡L `y‡Uv c×wZ‡Z Mvfxi evm¯’vb ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
K) D`vg Ni c×wZ (Loose housing system) t G‡¶‡Î ïaygvÎ `ya †`vnb ev wPwKrmvi
mgq Qvov Ab¨ mgq Mvfx‡K †eu‡a ivLv nq bv| GB c×wZ‡Z Mvfxi evm¯’v‡bi Rb¨ LiP
Lye Kg nq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î eo Amyweav n‡jv Mvfx¸‡jvi g‡a¨ AšÍtKj‡ni Kvi‡Y ¶wZi
m¤¢vebv _v‡K Ges Drcv`b gvÎv wfwËK Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv m¤¢e nq bv|
L) euvav Ni c×wZ (Stanchion barn system) t Gai‡bi N‡i Mvfx¸‡jv‡K GKwU wbw`©ó
RvqMvq †eu‡a ivLv nq| GB c×wZi eo Amyweav n‡jv wbgv©Y LiP †ewk nq Ges kªwgK
†ewk jv‡M| euvav Ni Avevi `yai‡bi n‡q _v‡K−
1. GKmvwi wewkó euvav Ni (Single rowed stanchion barn) t mvaviYZ AímsL¨K
Mvfx cvj‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgvÂ‡j K…l‡Kiv Zuv‡ì wb‡R‡ì evwo‡Z GKwU
j¤^v mvwi‡Z Mvfx †eu‡a cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| mviwY 2.1 G GKmvwi wewkó euvav
N‡i cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY †`qv n‡jv|
mviwY 2.1 GKmvwi wewkó euvav N‡i cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv|
Mvfx ùvovevi ¯’vb Mvfvx ùvovevi ¯’v‡bi Lvevi cv‡Îi RvqMv b`©gvi Rb¨
(†m.wg.) cv‡ki RvqMv (†m.wg.) (†m.wg.) RvqMv (†m.wg.)
165 105 75 30
2. `yBmvwi wewkó euvav Ni (Double rowed stanchion barn) t GB c×wZ‡Z

GKms‡M AwaK msL¨K Mvfx cvjb Kiv hvq| `yBmvwi wewkó euvav Ni Avevi
`yfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i−
• AšÍgLy© x (Fall in) t G‡¶‡Î Mvfxi gyL N‡ii †fZ‡ii w`‡K _v‡K|
• ewng©Ly x (Fall out) t G‡¶‡Î Mvfxi gyL N‡ii evB‡ii w`‡K _v‡K|
wPÎ 11 I 12 G h_vµ‡g `yBmvwi wewkó ewng©yLx I AšÍg©yLx euvav N‡ii bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
120 †m .wg. 120 †m .wg. ← Pj vPj c _
120 †m .wg. 120 †m .wg. ← Mvgj v ev Lvevi
ivLvi Mvwo
135
150 †m .wg. Mvox ùv o vevi R vqMv
†m.wg.
3 0 †m .wg.
†Mvei I
Pbvi c vK v-
†PŠ‡K vbv MZ ©
3 0 †m.wg.
13 5
150 †m .wg. Mvox ùv o vevi R vqMv
†m.wg.
120 †m .wg. 120 †m .wg.
120 †m .wg. 120 †m .wg.
wPÎ 11 t `yBmvwi wewkó ewn©gyLx euvav N‡ii bgybv

30 †m.wg.
150
†m.wg.
Lvev‡ii Mvgjv 90
†m.wg.
†Mvei I Pbvi
PjvP‡ji c_ 120
†m.wg. cvKv MZ©
Lvev‡ii Mvgjv 90
†m.wg.
150
†m.wg.
30 †m.wg.
wPÎ 12 t `yBmvwi wewkó AšÍg©yLx euvav N‡ii bgybv
Mvfx wbev©Pb (Selection of dairy cow)

Rwg †_‡K fv‡jv djb †c‡Z n‡j †hgb fv‡jv ex‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb nq| wVK †Zgwb `y» Lvgvi‡K
Rwg †_‡K fv‡jv djb †c‡Z
n‡j †hgb fv‡jv ex‡Ri jvfRbK Ki‡Z n‡j H ai‡bi Mvfx wbev©Pb Kiv DwPZ hv †ewk cwigvY `ya †`‡e| Mvfx
cÖ‡qvRb nq| wVK †Zgwb `y» wbev©P‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ `„wó †Ìqv DwPZ †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
Lvgvi‡K jvfRbK Ki‡Z n‡j
H ai‡bi Mvfx wbev©Pb Kiv
• RvZ (Breed)
DwPZ hv †ewk cwigvY `ya • eskMZ êwkó¨ (Pedigree)
†`‡e|
• Drcv`b êwkó¨ (Production records)
• evwn¨K êwkó¨ (Physical appearance)
• ¯^v¯’¨ (Health)
RvZ (Breed) t `y» Lvgvi‡K jvfRbK Ki‡Z n‡j DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx cvj‡bi weKí †bB|
`y» Lvgvi‡K jvfRbK Ki‡Z
n‡j DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx eZ©gvb we‡k¦ AwaK `ya cÖ`vbKvix RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ nj‡÷Bb wd«wmqvb, Rvwm©, Avqvikvqvi,
cvj‡bi weKí †bB| eªvDb myBm, ¸‡qY©wm BZ¨vw` D‡j−L‡hvM¨| Z‡e ïaygvÎ DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfxi K_v fve‡jB Pj‡e
bv †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e−
• wbev©wPZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx evRv‡i cvIqv hv‡e wKbv?
• wbev©wPZ RvZwU AvenvIqvi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z cvi‡e wKbv?
• DbœZ Rv‡Zi Mvfx cvj‡bi Rb¨ Dchy³ eë¯’vcbv I Lv`¨ cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wKbv?
Avgv‡ì †`‡k `y» Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ msKi Rv‡Zi MvfxI wbev©Pb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
eskMZ êwkó¨ (Pedigree) t eskMZ êwkó¨ n‡jv Mvfxi c~e© cyiæl‡ì Drcv`b BwZnvm|
cÖwZwU cÖvYxi †fZiB Zvi es‡ki êwkó¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K| Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Mvfx wbev©Pb Kivi c~‡e©
H MvfxwUi eskMZ êwkó¨ †R‡b †bIqv DwPZ| Z‡e †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB eskMZ êwkó¨ m¤ú‡K©
mwVK Z_¨ Rvbv m¤¢e nq bv|
Drcv`b êwkó¨ (Production records) t Mvfxi wbR¯^ `ya Drcv`b Kx iKg Zv †R‡b wb‡q
Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Mvfx wbev©Pb Kiv DwPZ| evRvi †_‡K Mvfx µq Ki‡j A‡bK mgq mwVK Z_¨
cvIqv m¤¢e nq bv|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
evwn¨K êwkó¨ (Physical appearance) t AwaK cwigvY `ya cÖ`vbKvix Mvfxi wKQy evwn¨K
êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q hv †`‡L Mvfx wbev©Pb Kiv DwPZ| GB êwkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv−
1. mvaviY êwkó¨ (General appearance)
2. `yav‡jv êwkó¨ (Dairy character)
3. kvixwiK MVb (Body capacity)
4. Ijv‡bi êwkó¨ (Mammary system)
1. mvaviY êwkó¨ (General appearance)

• AvKl©bxq †Pnviv|
• Mvfxmyjf AvK…wZ|
• †`‡ni mKj Ask n‡e mvgÄm¨c~Y©|
• †`nfw½ n‡e wPËvKl©K|
• †ZR¯^x|
• †`‡ni gvsm‡ckx n‡e Uvb Uvb|
wPÎ 13 t GKwU Av`k© `y»eZx Mvfxi Qwe
2. `yav‡jv êwkó¨ (Dairy character)

• `ya Drcv`b Ki‡Z m¶g G ai‡bi j¶Y _vK‡Z n‡e|
• †KŠwYK MVb|
• kixi n‡e wX‡jXvjv|
• Pvgov cvZjv I gm„Y n‡e|
• `yej
© Zv _vK‡e bv|
3. kvixwiK MVb (Body capacity)

• †`‡ni AvKvi eo n‡e|
• †`‡ni AvKvi Abycv‡Z ey‡Ki I †c‡Ui †eo Mfxi n‡e|
• cuvRi¸‡jv n‡e ùxZ Ges wfbœ wfbœ|
• †`‡n AcÖ‡qvRbxq Pwe© _vK‡e bv Ges †`‡ni mvg‡bi w`K nvjKv Ges †cQ‡bi
w`K fvix n‡e|

4. Ijv‡bi êwkó¨ (Mammary system)

• Ijvb †ek eo n‡e hv‡Z †ewk `ya aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• Ijvb kix‡ii mv‡_ k³fv‡e AvUKv‡bv _vK‡e|
• Ijv‡bi euvU¸‡jv GKB AvKv‡ii n‡e Ges mgvb `~i‡Z¡ mgvšÍivjfv‡e mvRv‡bv
_vK‡e|
• Ijv‡bi eybU n‡e m~¶|
• Ijv‡bi wkiv¸‡jv (wgé †fBb) †gvUv n‡e Ges bvfxi Avkcvk w`‡q
AvuKveuvKvfv‡e we¯ÍZ
… _vK‡e ev ¯úófv‡e †`Lv hv‡e|
wPÎ 14 t GKwU fv‡jv Rv‡Zi `yav‡jv Mvfxi Ijvb
Lv`¨ (Feeding)
`y»eZx Mvfxi kixi i¶v, `ya Drcv`b I Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q åæ‡Yi mwVK e„w×i Rb¨ mylg Lv`¨
`y»eZx Mvfxi kixi i¶v, `ya
Drcv`b I Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q mieivn Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cïcvwLi Lvgv‡i Lv`¨ LiP wiKvwis Li‡Pi cÖvq 70 kZvsk| Lv`¨ LiP
åƒ‡bi mwVK e„w×i Rb¨ mylg Kgv‡bvi cvkvcvwk Drcv`b evov‡bv GK ai‡bi `ytmvnwmK `vwqZ¡| G `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨
Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ¯^íg~‡j¨ cÖvß Lv`¨ mvgMÖxi cywógvb, G‡ì mgš^‡q ik` MVb I ik` LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ m¤^‡Ü
mg¨K Ávb AR©b cÖ‡qvRb| Mvfxi ˆ`wbK `ya Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z ik‡` kZKiv 50 †_‡K 70
kZvsk AvukRvZxq Lv`¨ _vKv Avek¨K| G ai‡bi AvukRvZxq Lv‡`ï cÖwZ †KwR ï®‹ c`v‡_©
7.0 †_‡K 8.0 wK‡jv †gMvRyj kw³ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ïK‡bv L‡o Gi gvÎv Kg _vKvq Lo
cÖwµqvRvZ K‡i Mvfx‡K LvIqv‡j fvj nq| Avgv‡ì †`kx A‡bK meyR Nv‡mB G gvÎvq
cywógvb _v‡K bv| Z‡e cÖvß meyR Nvm Mvfx‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e Ges DØ„Ë Nvm msi¶Y K‡i
ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Afv‡ei mgq eënvi K‡i Lv`¨ LiP n«vm Kiv m¤¢e nq| Mvfxi Rb¨ eëüZ
`vbv`vi wgkª‡Yi cÖwZ †KwR ï®‹ c`v‡_© 10.5 †_‡K 11.0 †gMvRyj kw³ Ges 170-180 MÖvg
Avwgl _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© KuvPv Nvm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Rwgi cÖvc¨Zvi K_v

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
gv_vq ivLv DwPZ| GQvovI Mvfxi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ `vbv`vi Lv`¨ wgkªY m¯Ívq I mn‡R cvIqv hv‡e
wK bv Zv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| Lvgv‡i mvB‡jR ˆZwii eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| AwaK `ya Drcv`‡bi
c~e©kZ©B n‡jv wbqwgZ mylg Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv|
evRviRvZKiY (Marketing)
Lvgv‡ii cÖavb Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ n‡”Q `ya| `ya n‡jv GKwU cPbkxj `ªe¨| myZivs Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi
mgq cÖ_‡gB we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e `ya wbqwgZfv‡e KvswLZ g~‡j¨ weµq Kiv hv‡e wK bv?
GQvovI Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z Ab¨vb¨ DcRvZ mg~nI mgqg‡Zv mwVK g~‡j¨ weµ‡qi eë¯’v _vK‡Z
n‡e| myôy evRviRvZKiY e¨wZZ Lvgvi jvfRbK Kiv m¤¢e bq|
mvigg©
`y»Lvgvi eZ©gv‡b GKwU jvfRbK eëmv wn‡m‡e G‡`‡k cÖwZwôZ| GKwU `y»Lvgvi ZLbB
jvfRbK n‡e hLb Zv Dchy³ ¯’v‡b ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| ïay ZvB bq `y»Lvgv‡ii Ni¸‡jv
cwiKwíZfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| mylg Lv`¨ mwVKfv‡e mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e Ges `ya
evRviRvZ Ki‡Yi chv©ß my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|


1. mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý ( ) w`b|
K. Mvfxi evm¯’vb ˆZwii KqwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q?
i. GKwU
ii. `yBwU
iii. wZbwU
iv. PviwU
L. euvav N‡ii eo Amyweav Kx?

i. wbg©vY LiP †ewk
ii. wbg©vY LiP Kg
iii. bwg©vY LiP gvSvwi
iv. †KvbwUB bq
2. k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv - - - - - - - - |
L. cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ †g‡S‡Z - - - - - - eM©wgUvi RvqMv ivLv DwPZ|

K. `yav‡jv Mvfxi kixi wX‡jXvjv|
L. `ya n‡jv GKwU cPbkxj `ªe¨|

K. D`vg N‡ii cÖavb Amyweav Kx?
L. `yav‡jv Mvfxi Pvgov †Kgb n‡e?

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
cvV 2.2 `y» Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv

■ `y»Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ `y» Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ eë¯’vcbv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z I wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ `y» Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©vejx m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`y» Lvgvi n‡jv wkí KviLvbvi g‡Zv| †gvUi †Kv¤úvbx‡Z †hgb wój, ivevi, c−vw÷K, kªwgK
BZ¨vw` eënvi K‡i Mvwo ˆZwi Kiv nq wVK †Zgwb `y» Lvgv‡iI kªwgK, Rwg, †n, mvB‡jR Ges
Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨vw` eënvi K‡i Mvfx †_‡K `ya Drcv`b Kiv nq| Z‡e `ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GB
`y» Lvgvi n‡jv wkí KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z nq av‡c av‡c Ges cwiKíbvgvwdK| `y» Lvgv‡ii GB cÖwµqvwUB n‡jv
KviLvbvi g‡Zv| eë¯’vcbv|
`y» Lvgvi eë¯’vcbvq †h welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv n‡jv−

• Mf©Kvjxb I cÖmeKvjxb Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© (Care and management of cow during and
after parturition)
• evm¯’vb (Housing)
• `y»eZx evQyi cvjb (Raising dairy calf)
• `y» Lvgv‡i Z_¨ msi¶Y (Keeping records in dairy farm)
• Ab¨vb¨ eë¯’vcbv (Other management)
Mf©Kvjxb I cÖmeKvjxb Mvfxi hZœ I cwiPhv© (Care and management of cow

during and after parturition)
`y» Lvgv‡ii mdjZv wbf©i K‡i mwVK I Dchy³ eë¯’vcbvi Dci| Mvfx †_‡K AwaK cwigv‡Y
`ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Ges my¯’, mej I Kg©¶g ev”Pv cvIqvi Rb¨ Mf©Kvjxb I cÖm‡ei mgq
Mvfxi we‡kl ai‡bi hZœ †bIqv DwPZ| GB †Kvm© eBwUi cvV 1.6 g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b|
evm¯’vb (Housing)
cwiKíbvgvwdK Dchy³ evm¯’vb e¨ZxZ KL‡bvB `y» Lvgv‡ii mwVK eë¯’vcbv m¤¢e bq|
AcwiKwíZ evm¯’vb A‡bK mgq `y» Lvgvi‡K AjvfRbK K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i| mwVK evm¯’v‡bi
gva¨‡g GKw`‡K †hgb Mvfxi Avivg`vqK Ae¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb evm¯’vb
†hb ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z, `xN©¯’vqx I cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ `ya Drcv`‡bi Dc‡hvMx nq †mw`‡KI j¶¨ ivL‡Z
n‡e| GB †Kvm© eBwUi cvV 2.1 Gi ¯’vb wbev©Pb I evm¯’vb AskUzKz g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b|
`y»eZx evQyi cvjb (Raising dairy calf)

GKwU Mvfxi Lvgvi K‡ZvUv mdjZv jvf Ki‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i H Lvgv‡i evQyi wKfv‡e cvjb
GKwU Mvfxi Lvgvi K‡ZvUv
mdjZv jvf Ki‡e Zv wbf©i
Kiv n‡”Q| fv‡jv Mvfx KL‡bvB µq Kiv hvq bv, Lvgv‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Aeë¯’vcbvi Kvi‡Y
K‡i H Lvgv‡i evQyi wKfv‡e Avgv‡ì †`‡k evQy‡ii g„Zzï nviI A‡bK †ewk| GKwU fv‡jv Mvfx †hgb GKwU fv‡jv evQy‡ii
cvjb Kiv n‡”Q| Rb¥ †`q †Zgwb GKwU fv‡jv evQyi GKwU fv‡jv Mvfx n‡Z cv‡i|

mvaviYZ `yÕfv‡e evQyi cvjb Kiv n‡q _v‡K−

K. evQyi‡K Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q _vK‡Z †Ìqv nq Ges †`vn‡bi c~‡e© I c‡i Aí cwigv‡Y
gv‡qi `ya cvb Ki‡Z †Ìqv nq|
L. Mvfx †_‡K c„_K †i‡L evQyi cvjb : G‡¶‡Î R‡b¥i 2 †_‡K 3 w`‡bi g‡a¨ evQyi‡K
gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K mwi‡q †bIqv nq| A‡b‡K Avevi Kj÷ªvg LvIqvi mgqUzKz ch©šÍ
evQyi‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q †i‡L †`q| cieZx©‡Z G‡Kev‡i c„_Kfv‡e evQy‡ii Lv`¨ I
eë¯’vcbv m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB c×wZwUi bvg Ò`ya Qvov‡bv c×wZÓ ev DBwbs
wm‡÷g (Weaning system)| GB c×wZwUB me‡P‡q RbwcÖq Ges AwaK weÁvbm¤§Z|
êÁvwbKfv‡e evQyi cvjb Kvh©µg wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv−
• R‡b¥i c~‡e©B evQy‡ii Lv`¨ I eë¯’vcbv

evQyi Mvfxi M‡f© _vKvKvjxb evQyi Mvfxi M‡f© _vKvKvjxb mgq †_‡KB Zvi cvjb ïiæ n‡q _v‡K| Mvfx‡K mwVKfv‡e
mgq †_‡KB Zvi cvjb ïiæ Lv`¨ bv w`‡j Ges Dchy³ cwiPhv© cÖ`vb bv Ki‡j `~e©j evQyi cÖm‡ei m¤¢vebv _v‡K| GRb¨
n‡q _v‡K|
evQy‡ii mwVK e„w×i Rb¨ cÖm‡ei 3 †_‡K 5 gvm c~e© †_‡KB Mvfxi cÖwZ bRi †Ìqv
DwPZ|
• R‡b¥i ciciB evQy‡ii hZœ

evQyi Rb¥v‡bvi ciciB Zvi bvK-gyL †_‡K †k−®§v cwi®‹vi K‡i Mvfx‡K PvU‡Z w`‡Z n‡e|
kxZKv‡j †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb evQy‡ii VvÛv bv jv‡M| AZci RxevYygy³ KuvwP w`‡q
bvfxi i¾y †K‡U wUsPvi Av‡qvwWb jvwM‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
• evQyi‡K LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ

evQyi‡K `yÕc×wZ‡Z LvIqv‡bv hvq| †hgb−
K. ¯^vfvweK Dcv‡q LvIqv‡bv (Natural feeding) : G c×wZ‡Z `ya †`vn‡bi Av‡M I c‡i
evQyi‡K Zvi gvi euvU Pz‡l †L‡Z †Ìqv nq| G‡Z evQyi A‡bK mgq cÖ‡qvRbgZ `ya
†L‡Z cvq bv| GQvovI evQyi K‡ZvUv `ya †L‡jv †m m¤ú‡K©I Rvbv hvq bv|
L. K…wÎg Dcv‡q LvIqv‡bv (Artificial feeding) : evQyi‡K hLb Zvi gvi KvQ †_‡K mwi‡q
c„_Kfv‡e cvjb Kiv nq ZLb K…wÎg Dcv‡q LvIqv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| G c×wZ‡Z Avevi
`yÕfv‡e LvIqv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb−
1. wbc‡j LvIqv‡bv (Nipple pail) : GB c×wZ‡Z `y‡ai cv‡Îi mv‡_ wbcj jvMv‡bv
_v‡K| evQyi‡K wkwL‡q w`‡jB evQyi Lye mn‡RB wbc‡j `ya †L‡Z wk‡L|
mvaviYZ beRvZ evQyi cÖ_‡g 2. evjwZ‡Z LvIqv‡bv (Pail feeding) : mvaviYZ beRvZ evQyi cÖ_‡g mivmwi evjwZ
mivmwi evjwZ ev cv‡Î `ya ev cv‡Î `ya †L‡Z Pvq bv, †m‡¶‡Î evQyi‡K `ya †L‡Z †kLv‡Z nq| cv‡Î `ya
†L‡Z Pvq bv, †m‡¶‡Î †i‡L evQy‡ii gyLUv cv‡Îi Kv‡Q wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g nv‡Zi GKwU Av½yj
evQyi‡K `ya †L‡Z †kLv‡Z
nq|
evQyi‡K Pzl‡Z w`‡Z n‡e Ges nvZUv Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í bvwg‡q `y‡ai cv‡Î wb‡q evQy‡ii
gyL Kv‡Q G‡b Av½yjUv mwi‡q wb‡Z n‡e| evQyi `y‡ai ¯^v` †c‡j †L‡Z ïiæ
Ki‡e| evQyi‡K †ek wKQy¶Y †L‡Z bv w`‡q G c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j `ªæZ Kvh©Ki
nq| evQyi Gfv‡e cv‡Î `ya †L‡Z wkL‡j cÖwZwU evQyi‡K c„_K cv‡Î ev evjwZ‡Z
`ya LvIqv‡bv nq|
Z‡e evjwZ‡Z LvIqv‡bvi Zzjbvq DuPz¯’v‡b msiw¶Z wbcj n‡Z `ya LvIqv‡bv
evQy‡ii ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ DcKvix| KviY G c×wZ‡Z evQyi Nvo †mvRv K‡i `ya

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Uv‡b| d‡j wKQy `ya mivmwi A¨v‡ev‡gRv‡g P‡j Av‡m| G `ya mivmwi
GbRvB‡gwUK WvB‡Rkb nIqvq evQy‡ii cywó‡Z AwaKZi mnvqK| GKUz †Lqvj
Ki‡j †`Lvhv‡e, Mvfx n‡Z evQyi cÖK…wZi Gwbq‡gB `ya cvb K‡i|
• evQy‡ii Lv`¨
evQy‡ii cÖv_wgK Lv`¨ n‡jv Kj÷ªvg ev KvPjv `ya| R‡b¥i ci †_‡K AšÍZ 3 w`b ch©šÍ
evQyi hv‡Z ˆ`wbK 2 †_‡K 2.5 wjUvi cwigvY Kj÷ªvg †L‡Z cv‡i †m eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
evQyi‡K Mvfxi `ya (Whole milk) LvIqv‡Z n‡j wKQy wbqg AbymiY Kiv DwPZ| †hgb−
1. `ya msMÖn Kivi ciciB evQyi‡K LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
2. c‡i LvIqv‡Z PvB‡j kix‡ii ZvcgvÎvi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L `ya Mig K‡i LvIqv‡Z
n‡e|
3. 7 w`b eqm ch©šÍ ˆ`wbK 3 †_‡K 4 evi Ges Gici ˆ`wbK `yÕevi LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
GQvovI evQyi‡K bbxwenxb `ya (Skim milk), ï®‹ bbxwenxb `ya (Dried skim milk), Qvbvi
mvaviYZ `yÕmßvn eqm †_‡K
evQyi‡K ÒKvd ÷viUviÓ cvwb (Whey) BZ¨vw` LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYZ `yÕmßvn eqm †_‡K evQyi‡K ÒKvd
(Calf starter) cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z ÷viUviÓ (Calf starter) cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| R‡b¥i 7-15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ evQyi‡K `vbv`vi
cv‡i| wgkªY LvIqv‡bv ïiæ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 3 †_‡K 6 gvm eq‡m evQyi‡K Aí Aí K‡i mvB‡jR
LvIqv‡bv hvq| `ya Qvovi ci evQyi‡K KwP Nvm LvIqv‡bv hvq| evQyi‡K PviYf‚wg‡Z P‡i
LvIqvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| evQyi †hb memgq cwi®‹vi cvwb cvq †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z
n‡e| evQy‡ii Lv‡`¨ †hb cÖ‡qvRbgZ Lvevi jeY, LwbR c`v_© _v‡K †m eë¯’v ivL‡Z
n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a evQy‡ii Lvev‡ii mv‡_ LwbR wgkªY mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cix¶v
K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK evQy‡ii e„w×‡Z fv‡jv f‚wgKv iv‡L| myZivs evQy‡ii
Lvev‡ii mv‡_ cwigvYgZ A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK mieivn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• evQy‡ii evm¯’vb
evQy‡ii Ni Mvfxi N‡ii KvQvKvwQ nIqv evÃbxq| cÖwZwU evQy‡ii Rb¨ 10 eM©dzU RvqMvi
cÖ‡qvRb| evQy‡ii N‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi mshy³ GKwU †Lvjv RvqMv _vK‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b evQyi
†`Šov‡`Šwo Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges G‡Z K‡i Zvi e¨vqvg n‡e| evQy‡ii Ni msjMœ GKwU Lvevi
NiI _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvov evQy‡ii N‡i cwi®‹vi weï× cvwb mieiv‡ni eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
mwVK eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ hw` m¤¢e nq wewfbœ eq‡mi evQyi †hgb− 3 gv‡mi Kg eq¯‹ evQyi,
3-6 gvm eqmx evQyi Ges 6 gv‡mi †ewk eq¯‹ evQyi Avjv`v Avjv`v ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ evQy‡ii R‡b¥i 10

• evQy‡ii wWnwb©s (Dehorning the calf)
w`‡bi g‡a¨ wWnwb©s Kiv wWnwb©s Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b ivmvqwbK e¯‘ eënvi K‡i ev hvwš¿Kfv‡e ev ‰e`y¨wZK
fv‡jv| wWnbv©‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wks †K‡U †djv nq| mvaviYZ evQy‡ii R‡b¥i 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wWnwb©s
Kiv fv‡jv| wWnwb©s Kivi c×wZ¸‡jv n‡jv −
K. ivmvqwbK c×wZ t G‡¶‡Î ivmvqwbK e¯‘ wn‡m‡e Kw÷K cUvk eënvi Kiv nq|
L. hvwš¿K c×wZ t we‡klfv‡e ˆZwiK…Z KZ©b hš¿ ev KivZ eënvi K‡i A_ev ivevi
e¨v‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨|
M. ê`y¨wZK wWnbv©i eënvi K‡i|

wks Gi †Mvovi Pzj †K‡U †djv n‡”Q
Kw÷K cUvk jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© †fwmwjb jvMv‡bv n‡”Q
Kw÷K cUvk `Û w`‡q Nlv n‡”Q

wPÎ 15 t ivmvqwbK c×wZ‡Z evQy‡ii wWnwb©s

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
wPÎ 16 t GKwU ê`y¨wZK wWnb©vi I ê`y¨wZK wWnbv©‡ii mvnv‡h¨ evQy‡ii wWnwb©s
evQyi wPwýZKiY (Marking the calf)

evQyi wPwýZKiY GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Lvgvi eë¯’vcbv| evQyi wPwýZKi‡Yi †h c×wZ¸‡jv
eënvi Kiv nq †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
• eªvwÛs (Branding) t msL¨v, A¶i, wWRvBb ev Gm‡ei ms‡hv‡M Zß †jvnv ev ivmvqwbK
`ª‡eï (Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb) gva¨‡g Z¡‡K Qvc w`‡q evQyi kbv³KiY c×wZB n‡jv eªvwÛs|
wPÎ 17 t eªvwÛs `Ûmn eªvwÛs c×wZ‡Z wPwýZ Mvfx
• U¨vUzBs (Tattoing) t GB c×wZ‡Z b¤î jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ GKwU U¨vUzBs †mU _v‡K Ges †mB
†m‡U _v‡K GKwU U¨vUzBs di‡mc (wPÎ- 18), U¨vUzBs Kvwj Ges GKwU AbyµwgK hy³
msL¨v ev A¶i| mvaviYZ Kv‡bi †fZi cv‡k Avj‡Zvfv‡e U¨vUzBs Kiv nq|
wPÎ 18 t GKwU U¨vUzBs di‡mc

wPÎ 19 t U¨vUzBs c×wZ‡Z wPwýZ KiY
• Bqvi U¨vwMs (Ear tagging) t b¤îhy³ nvjKv avZzi cvZ ev k³ c−vmwU‡Ki ˆZwi U¨vM
mywbw`©ó U¨vwMs di‡m‡ci mvnv‡h¨ evQy‡ii Kv‡b Szwj‡q wPwýZKi‡Yi bvgB Bqvi U¨vwMs|
•
wPÎ 20 t GKwU U¨vwMs di‡mc I U¨vM b¤îmn Bqvi U¨vwMs c×wZ‡Z evQyi wPwýZKiY
• GQvov Mjvq U¨vM b¤î Szwj‡q ev Kv‡b †QvU †QvU `vM †K‡U ev ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ kix‡i is
jvwM‡qI evQyi wPwýZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
evQyi cvj‡b me‡P‡q e‡ov evQy‡ii †ivMevjvB cÖwZ‡iva I wbqš¿Y (Prevention and control of calf diseases)
cÖwZeÜKZv n‡jv †ivMevjvB| evQyi cvj‡b me‡P‡q e‡ov cÖwZeÜKZv n‡jv †ivMevjvB| mvaviYZ, mv`v ¯‹vDi, mvaviY ¯‹vDi,
wbD‡gvwbqv, †MvjK…wg Ges Ab¨vb¨ Af¨šÍixY ciRxexi AvµgY †_‡K i¶v cvevi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v †bIqv DwPZ|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
`y» Lvgv‡i Z_¨ msi¶Y (Keeping records in the dairy farm)

mwVKfv‡e Z_¨ msi¶Y e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv eëmvB jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i bv| `y» Lvgv‡i wewfbœ
ai‡bi Z_¨ msi¶Y AZ¨šÍ Riæix| D`vniY¯îƒc, Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡gB Lvgv‡ii fv‡jv
MvfxwU‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvq| Avevi cÖwZw`b `y» Lvgv‡i Kx cwigvY Lvevi †Ìqv n‡”Q Ges Kx
nv‡i Drcv`b n‡”Q Zv †R‡b wb‡q cieZx© c`‡¶c †bIqv m¤¢e nq| `y» Lvgv‡i †h me Z_¨
ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
• `ya Drcv`b Z_¨ (Milk record register)
• Lv`¨ cÖ`vb Z_¨ (Cattle feed register)
• cÖRbb Z_¨ (Breeding record)
• ¯^v¯’¨ Z_¨ (Health record)
• evQy‡ii Z_¨ (Calf register)
• Avw_©K Z_¨ (Financial record)
Ab¨vb¨ eë¯’vcbv (Other management)
ˆ`bw›`b Kvhv©ejx (Routine work)

cÖwZwU `y»Lvgv‡iB cÖwZw`b wbqg gvwdK wKQy KvR Ki‡Z nq| GB cv‡Vi †kl As‡k `y»
Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b Kvhv©ejx m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
cwiPhv©i mgq `qvjy g‡bvfve cÖ`k©b (Kindness in handling)

`y»Lvgv‡i Mvfxi cÖwZ memgq `qvjy g‡bvfve cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z n‡e| Mvfx‡ì eb¨ RxeRš‘i g‡Zv
K‡i †`Lv DwPZ bq| Zv‡ì cÖwZ memgq †mœnc~Y© `„wó w`‡Z n‡e|
`y»eZx Mvfxi MÖæwgs (Grooming dairy cows)

Mvfxi kix‡ii ewn©fvM †Kv‡bv
Mvfxi kix‡ii ewn©fvM GKwU eªvk w`‡q NlvgvRv K‡i kixi †_‡K gqjv I AvjMv Pzj AcmviY
wKQy w`‡q NlvgvRv K‡i kixi Kiv‡KB MÖæwgs e‡j| MÖæwgs Gi d‡j i³ mÂvjb fv‡jv nq, Mvfx cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ _v‡K Ges
†_‡K gqjv I AvjMv Pzj cwi®‹vi `ya Drcv`b Kiv hvq| GQvov Ijvb I †cQ‡bi cv‡qi AcÖ‡qvRbxq j¤^v Pzj †K‡U
AcmviY Kiv‡KB MÖæwgs †djv DwPZ|
e‡j|
Mf©eZx Mvfx‡K `y»nxbv Kiv ev Mvfxi `ya eÜ Kiv (Drying off cows)
Mvfx ev”Pv cÖm‡ei 40-80 w`b c~e© †_‡KB `ya †`vnb eÜ Kiv DwPZ| `ya †`vnb eÜ Kivi
D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv−
• `ya Drcv`bKvix A½cÖZ¨‡½i wekªvg †Ìqv|
• Mvfx †h Lv`¨ Lvq Zv `ya Drcv`‡b LiP bv K‡i †hb ev”Pvi kvixwiK e„w×‡Z Kv‡R jvM‡Z
cv‡i|
• Mvfxi kix‡i LwbR cywói gRy` M‡o †Zvjv hv cieZx©‡Z `ya Drcv`‡b Kv‡R jvM‡e|
• cÖm‡ei c~‡e© Mvfx‡K ¯^v¯’ëZx n‡Z †Ìqv|
Mvfx‡K `y»nxbv Kivi wZbwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv−

K. m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †`vnb bv K‡i (Incomplete milking) t Mvfxi `ya †`vnb eÜ Kivi mgq n‡j
cÖ_gZ K‡qKw`b Ijv‡b mvgvb¨ `ya †i‡L †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e, Gici w`‡b GKevi K‡i
Am¤ú~Y©fv‡e †`vnb Ki‡Z Ki‡Z hLb `ya Drcv`b AwZ mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y n‡e ZLb †`vnb
G‡Kev‡i eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|

L. mvaviY †`vnb K‡i (Intermittent milking) t †h Mvfx‡K `y»nxbv Ki‡Z n‡e †m Mvfx‡K
cÖ_gZ w`‡b GKevi K‡i AZci GKw`b cici †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ae‡k‡l †`vnb
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
M. †`vnb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e eÜ K‡i (Complete cessation) t †h mKj Mvfx Aí cwigv‡Y `ya †`q
(†hgb m‡ev©”P 10 wjUvi) †m mKj Mvfxi †¶‡Î GB c×wZ wbivc‡` eënvi Kiv hvq|
Mvfxi Mig nIqv wbav©iY I cvj †Ìqv‡bv (Detecting heat and mating) t mwVKfv‡e
mgqg‡Zv Mvfxi Mig Ae¯’v wbY©q Kiv I cvj †Ìqv‡bv `y» Lvgv‡ii Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR|
mgqg‡Zv Mvfxi Mig wbav©iY K‡i cvj †Ìqv‡Z bv cvi‡j Lvgvi ¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡e|
Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv‡bvi Mf© cix¶v (Pregnancy diagnosis) t Mvfx‡K cvj †Ìqv‡bvi `yÕgvm c‡iB Mf©ve¯’v cix¶v
`yÕgvm c‡iB Mf©ve¯’v cix¶v Kiv‡Z n‡e| cvj †Ìqv‡bvi ci M‡f© ev”Pv bv Avm‡jI A‡bK mgq Mvfx cybivq Mig nq bv|
Kiv‡Z n‡e| myZivs mgqg‡Zv Mf©ve¯’v cix¶v Kwi‡q Mvfxi mwVK Ae¯’v Rvb‡Z n‡e|
`ya †`vnb (Milking) t cÖwZw`b `ya †`vn‡bi mgq Ijvb fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
hZUv m¤¢e cÖwZw`b GKB mg‡q `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e| Mvfx‡K cwi®‹vi K‡i ïK‡bv nv‡Z
c~Y©n¯Í c×wZ‡Z (Full hand milking) `ya †`vnb Kiv DwPZ|
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v (Disease preventive measures) t †h welq¸‡jv wb‡q †ivM cÖwZ‡iva
eë¯’v MwVZ †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
K. wUKv`vb Kg©m~Px (Vaccination programme) t mgqg‡Zv wewfbœ fvBivm I e¨vK‡Uvwiqv
NwUZ †iv‡Mi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e| †hgb− wiÛvi‡c÷, Lyiv †ivM, ZoKv †ivM, ev`jv †ivM,
Mjv‡dvjv †ivM, eªæ‡m‡jvwmm BZ¨vw`|
L. wewfbœ cix¶v wbix¶v (Testing programme) t wewfbœ mg‡q Lvgv‡ii Mvfx cï wPwKrmK
w`‡q cix¶v Kwi‡q m‡›`ngy³ _vK‡Z n‡e|
M. K…wgbvkK eënvi (Deworming programme) t Lvgv‡ii Mvfxi †Mvei cix¶v K‡i wbw`©ó
K…wgbvkK eënvi Kiv DwPZ|
Mvfx QuvUvB (Culling of dairy animals)

`y»Lvgvi jvfRbK Ki‡Z n‡j Lvgvi †_‡K ÎæwUhy³ AjvfRbK Mvfx‡K mgqgZ QuvUvB Ki‡Z
n‡e| QuvUvB‡qi Rb¨ we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv n‡jv−
• msµvgK †iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡j|
• kvixwiK e„w× fv‡jv bv n‡j|
• Kg cwigvY `ya w`‡j|
• wVKgZ Mf©aviY bv Ki‡j|
• wbqwgZfv‡e Mig bv n‡j|
• eQ‡i 270 w`‡bi Kg mgq `ya w`‡j|
• gvivZ¥K e` Af¨vm _vK‡j|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
eÀf¨vm wbqš¿Y (Control of bad habits)

Mvfxi wewfbœ ai‡bi eÀf¨vm †`Lv hvq| †hgb−
K. wb‡Ri ev A‡bï euvU †Pvlv (Suckling) t Gai‡bi eÀf¨vmhy³ Mvfx‡K c„_K K‡i ivL‡Z
n‡e| Mvfxi bv‡K †jvnvi wis cwo‡q Zvi mv‡_ 2-3 wU wis Szwj‡q w`‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv
hvq|
L. A‡bï kixi PvUv (Licking) t G ai‡bi eÀf¨vm †`Lv w`‡j jeY ev LwbR wgkªY wRnŸvq
N‡l w`‡Z n‡e|
M. jvw_ gviv (Kicking) t Gme †¶‡Î Mvfx hw` eìvMx nq Zvn‡j Zvi gv_v DuPz K‡i euva‡Z
n‡e G‡ZI KvR bv n‡j Ijv‡bi wVK m¤§yLfv‡M `wo w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e euvavi ciI
dj bv cvIqv †M‡j †cQ‡bi `yÕcv k³ K‡i euvavi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
`y»Lvgv‡ii mdjZvi Rb¨

`y»Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b Kvhv©ejx
cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó wKQy KvR `y»Lvgv‡ii mdjZvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó wKQy KvR wbqgZvwš¿K fv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
wbqgZvwš¿K fv‡e m¤úbœ Lvgv‡ii eë¯’vcK G KvR¸‡jvi ZË¡veavb K‡i _v‡Kb| Lvgv‡ii eë¯’vcK Ges Kg©Pvix‡ì
Ki‡Z n‡e| mw¤§wjZ cÖqv‡mi gva¨‡g G KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `y» Lvgv‡i cÖwZw`b †h KvR¸‡jv
Ki‡Z nq †m¸‡jv n‡jv−
mgq KvR
†fvi 3.00 − 3.30 wgt `ya †`vnb Kivi Ni Ges `y»eZx Mvfx¸‡jv‡K cwi®‹vi
cwi”Qbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
†fvi 3.30 − 4.30 wgt `ya †`vnb ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges ˆ`wbK Mvfxi hZUzKz
`vbv`vi Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb Zvi A‡a©K cwigvY †`vn‡bi
mgq Mvfx‡K †L‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| †`vn‡bi ci evQyi‡K
LvIqv‡Z n‡e|
mKvj 5.30 − 6.30 wgt weµ‡qi Rb¨ KuvPv `ya mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
mKvj 6.30 − 7.00 wgt Mvfx¸‡jv‡K †k‡W cvVv‡Z n‡e I Lvgv‡ii cwi®‹vi
cwi”Qbœ Kv‡Ri mv‡_ RwoZ Kg©Pvixiv mKvj 7.00Uvi
g‡a¨ Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †kl K‡i P‡j hv‡eb| Lvgv‡ii
kªwgK Ges Z`viKKvixiv G mg‡q Kv‡R †hvM †`‡eb|
Lvgv‡ii kªwgKe„›` mKvj 7.00Uv †_‡K we‡Kj 3.30
wg. ch©šÍ gv‡V Nvm msMÖn Ki‡eb|
mKvj 7.30 − 11.00 wgt Mvfx¸‡jv †Lvjv gv‡V Ny‡i †eov‡e hv‡Z K‡i wKQyUv
e¨vqvg nq Ges m~‡h©i Av‡jv †_‡K wfUvwgb-wW ms‡k−lY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ eë¯’vcbv, †hgb− wPwýZKiY,
evQy‡ii wWnwb©s, f¨vKwm‡bkb, mvB‡jR I †n ˆZwiKiY
BZ¨vw` KvR G mg‡q Ki‡Z n‡e|
mKvj 11.00 − 12.00 wgt Gmg‡qi g‡a¨ mvB‡jR Ges †n ˆZwii KvR †kl Ki‡Z
n‡e| Mvfx¸‡jv‡K wgwés ev‡b© cybivq wb‡q Avm‡Z
n‡e| AZci `yav‡jv Mvfx Qvov Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYx‡ì
`vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| Gmgq Aek¨ mKj
cÖvwY‡K Avuk RvZxq Lv`¨ w`‡Z n‡e|

mgq KvR
weKvj 2.30 − 3.00 wgt `yav‡jv Mvfxmn Ab¨vb¨ Mvfxi evm¯’vb Gmg‡qi g‡a¨
cwi®‹vi cwiQbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
weKvj 3.00 − 4.00 wgt Gmgq `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Aewkó `vbv`vi Lv`¨
mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| AZci evQy‡ii Lvevi mieivn
Ki‡Z n‡e|
weKvj 4.00 − 4.30 wgt Gmg‡q mKj cÖvYx‡ì Avuk RvZxq Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z
n‡e| wcKAvc f¨v‡bi mvnv‡h¨ MÖvnK‡ì wbKU Zij
`ya †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z n‡e Ges Lvwj cvÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e|
mÜ¨v 6.00 wgt Lvgv‡i we`y¨r mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
mÜ¨v 6.00 − ivZ 12.00 wgt ˆbk cÖnix `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e|
g¨v‡bRvi ivwÎ‡ejv Lvgvi Z¨vM Kivi cÖv°v‡j †hme Mvfx ev”Pv cÖme Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì msL¨v
Aek¨B ˆbk cÖnix‡K AeMZ K‡i †h‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_ K¨v‡k iw¶Z UvKvi cwigvYI Rvwb‡q
†h‡Z n‡e| g¨v‡bRv‡ii hw` iv‡Z Lvgvi cwi`k©b Kivi B”Qv _v‡K Z‡e Zv ˆbkcÖnix‡K e‡j
†h‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i c~e© AbygwZmv‡c‡¶ g¨v‡bRvi Abvqv‡m Lvgv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mvigg©
Mvfxi Lvgv‡ii myôy eë¯’vcbvi Dci Zvi cÖKZ… gybvdv wbf©i K‡i| Lvgv‡ii g¨v‡bRvi hw`
fv‡jv eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Lvgvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib Z‡e Gi Drcv`b ¶gZv A‡bK †e‡o hv‡e|
Lvgv‡ii cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZv, kªwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri e›Ub, Mvfx I ev”Pvi cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK Lv`¨
cÖ`vb cÖf…wZ wel‡q hw` cÖZ¨¶ †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i Lvgvi cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î
Drcv`‡bi nviI †e‡o hv‡e| GQvov Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i cÖ‡qvRbgvwdK eë¯’v
MÖnY K‡i Lvgvi jvfRbK K‡i M‡o †Zvjv DwPZ|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb

K. Mvfx †_‡K c„_K †i‡L evQyi cvj‡bi †¶‡Î R‡b¥i KZw`b ci gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K
miv‡Z n‡e?
i. 2-3 w`‡bi g‡a¨
ii. 3-4 w`‡bi g‡a¨
iii. 3-5 w`‡bi g‡a¨
iv. 2-5 w`‡bi g‡a¨
L. evQyi‡K LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ KqwU?

i. 3 wU
ii. 4 wU
iii. 5 wU
iv. 2 wU

K. mvaviYZ evQy‡ii R‡b¥i 10 w`‡bi g‡a¨ wWnwb©s Kiv fv‡jv|
L. U¨vUzBs GKwU b¤^vi jvMv‡bvi hš¿|
3| k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Kiæb|

K. Mvfx‡K cvj †`qvi - - - - - - gvm c‡iB Mfv©e¯’v cix¶v Kiv‡Z n‡e|
L. mgqg‡Zv Mvfx‡K wewfbœ - - - - - - I - - - - - NwUZ †iv‡Mi wUKv w`‡Z n‡e|

K. mvaviYZ 2 mßvn eqm †_‡K evQyi‡K Kx LvIqv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i?
L. wks †K‡U †djvi h‡š¿i bvg Kx?

cvV 2.3 `ya †`vnb I `ya evRviRvZKiY

■ `ya †`vnb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ `ya †`vn‡bi wewfbœ avc D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ `ya †`vnb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`ya †`vnb (Milking)

†h cÖwµqv ev †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Mvfxi Ijvb †_‡K `ya msMÖn Kiv n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K `ya †`vnb
e‡j| cÖwZw`b wbw`©ó mg‡q mwVKfv‡e Mvfx †_‡K `ªæZ `ya †`vnb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G‡Z K‡i
Mvfx ¯^v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡i|
`ya †`vn‡bi wewfbœ avc (Steps for milking)

mwVKfv‡e `ya †`vnb m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi avç‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z nq−
• `ya †`vn‡bi mgq (Time of milking) t wbw`©ó mgqm~Px Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b `yÕevi ev
wZbevi `ya †`vnb Kiv DwPZ| hLb ZLb `ya †`vnb Ki‡j `ya Drcv`b K‡g hvq|
• `ya †`vnb µg (Milking order) t †Kv‡bv `‡j G‡Ki AwaK Mvfx _vK‡j wb‡Pi µg
Abyhvqx `ya †`vnb Kiv DwPZ|
1. g¨v÷vBwUm †ivMgy³ eKbv evQyi|
2. g¨v÷vBwUm †ivMgy³ eq¯‹ Mvfx|
3. †h mg¯Í Mvfxi c~‡e© g¨v÷vBwUm †ivM n‡qwQ‡jv wKš‘ Zvici A‡bKw`b ch©šÍ
g¨v÷vBwUm †iv‡Mi †Kv‡bv j¶Y †`Lv hvqwb|
`ya †`vn‡bi c~‡e© KL‡bvB • Mvfx Ges †`vnbKvix‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kiv (Preparing the cow and milker) t †`vnbKvix I
Mvfx‡K wei³ Kiv DwPZ bq †h Mvfxi `ya msMÖn Kiv n‡e G‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK cQ›` _vKv DwPZ| `ya †`vn‡bi c~‡e©
A_ev gvi‡avi Kiv DwPZ KL‡bvB Mvfx‡K wei³ Kiv DwPZ bq A_ev gvi‡avi Kiv DwPZ bq| †`vn‡bi c~‡e© Mvfxi
bq|
Ijvb Ges euvU A¨vw›U‡mc&wUK †jvkb A_ev wbgcvZvi Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z
n‡e (wPÎ- 21)| Gici cwi®‹vi Kvco cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e, †Zvqv‡j ev Uzwc w`‡q Pzj †X‡K
ivL‡Z n‡e Ges cÖwZw`b bL KvU‡Z n‡e| `ya †`vn‡bi mgq †`vnbKvixi hw` †Kv‡bv
e`f¨vm †hgb− gyL †_‡K _yZz †djv, bvK Svov GgbwK †`vn‡bi mgq K_v ejv BZ¨vw`
_v‡K Zvn‡j H †`vnbKvix‡K w`‡q `ya †`vnb Kiv‡bv DwPZ bq|
wPÎ 21 t †`vn‡bi c~‡e© Mvfxi Ijvb cwi®‹vi Kiv n‡”Q

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
• cwi®‹vi ˆZRmcÎ eënvi Kiv (Use of clean utensils) t `ya msMÖn‡i Rb¨ evjwZi
cwie‡Z© M¤^R
y AvK…wZi XvKbvmn ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z nvZvIqvjv evjwZ eënvi Kiv DwPZ
(wPÎ- 22)| cÖ‡Z¨Kevi `ya †`vn‡bi ci `y‡ai cvÎ cÖ_‡g Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q †dj‡Z
n‡e Ges c‡i eªvk w`‡q N‡l cwi®‹vi VvÛv cvwb w`‡q ay‡Z n‡e| cieZx© †`vn‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ
i¨v‡K cvÎ¸‡jv Dcyo K‡i mvwR‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
wPÎ 22 t GKwU ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z nvZvIqvjv `ya msMÖ‡ni evjwZ
• gkvgvwQi AvµgY †_‡K Mvfx‡K gy³ ivLv (Keep cows free from flies etc.) t
†`vn‡bi mgq gkv gvwQ ev †Kv‡bv weKU k‡ãi d‡j Mvfx †hb wei³ bv nq †mw`‡K †Lqvj
ivL‡Z n‡e|
• Mvfx‡K DÏxwcZ Kiv (Stimulation of cows) t evQy‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Mvfxi euvU Pz‡l A_ev
†`vnbKvix KZ…©K Ijvb g¨v‡mR K‡i Mvfx‡K DÏxwcZ Ki‡Z n‡e| †`vnb Kivi mgq
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h, `ya †h‡bv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †`vnb Kiv nq|
• †`vn‡bi mgq LvIqv‡bv (Feeding during milking) t `ya †`vn‡bi mgq Mvfx‡K e¨¯Í
ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Aí cwigvY `vbv`vi wgkªY LvIqv‡bv fv‡jv| G‡Z K‡i Mvfx †L‡Z e¨¯Í
_v‡K Ges mn‡R `ya †`vnb Kiv hvq|
• w÷ªc Kvc eënvi Kiv (Using strip cup) t Mvfx g¨v÷vBwUm †iv‡M AvµvšÍ wKbv Zv
cix¶v Kivi Rb¨ w÷ªc Kvc eënvi Kiv nq| †`vn‡bi ïiæ‡ZB cÖwZwU evU †_‡K GK
†_‡K `yB †duvUv `ya w÷ªc Kv‡c †bqv nq| G‡Z K‡i `y‡a hw` †Kv‡bv A¯^vfvweKZv _v‡K
Z‡e Zv †`vnbKvix eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges cvkvcvwk euv‡U †Kv‡bv gqjv _vK‡j Zv †ei n‡q
Av‡m|
wPÎ 23 t w÷ªc Kv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ `ya cix¶v Kiv n‡”Q

• `ya †`vnb c×wZ (Milking procedure) t `ya †`vn‡bi †h †Kv‡bv GKwU c×wZ mwVKfv‡e
AbymiY K‡i `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z n‡e|
`ya †`vnb c×wZ (Milking procedure)

`ya †`vn‡bi `y‡Uv c×wZ i‡q‡Q−
1. nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb (Hand milking)
2. h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb (Machine milking)
nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vn‡bi 1. nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb (Hand milking)
g~jbxwZ n‡”Q− Ijv‡bi euv‡Ui nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vn‡bi g~jbxwZ n‡”Q− Ijv‡bi euv‡Ui †Mvov eÜ †i‡L euv‡Ui Dci Pvc
†Mvov eÜ †i‡L euv‡Ui Dci cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| d‡j euv‡U iw¶Z `ya †ei n‡q Av‡m| Avevi Pvc mwi‡q wb‡jB Ijvb
Pvc cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| d‡j
euv‡U iw¶Z `ya †ei n‡q
†_‡K euv‡U `ya G‡m Rgv nq| Gfv‡eB evievi cÖwµqvwU Pj‡Z _v‡K| nvZ w`‡q
Av‡m| Avevi Pvc mwi‡q †`vn‡bi †¶‡Î Mvfxi evgcvk †_‡K †`vnb Ki‡Z nq| `ya †`vn‡bi wbqg n‡jv− cÖ_‡g
wb‡jB Ijvb †_‡K euv‡U `ya mvg‡bi euvU `y‡Uv GKmv‡_ I c‡i †cQ‡bi euvU `y‡Uv GKmv‡_ A_ev ¸Y wP‡ýi g‡Zv
G‡m Rgv nq| mvg‡bi GKwU I †cQ‡bi GKwU euvU GKmv‡_ A_ev †h euv‡U `ya †ewk Av‡Q e‡j g‡b
n‡e †m¸‡jv Av‡M− Gfv‡e †`vnb Kiv hvq| nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vn‡bi K‡qKwU c×wZ
i‡q‡Q−
K. c~Y© n¯Í c×wZ‡Z †`vnb (Full hand milking)
L. †bvW-Gi mvnv‡h¨ †`vnb (Milking with node)
M. `yB AvOy‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †`vnb (Milking with two fingers)
K. c~Y©n¯Í c×wZ‡Z †`vnb (Full hand milking)

†h mg¯Í Mvfxi Ijv‡bi MVb
¯^vfvweK Ges euvU cwiwgZ †h mg¯Í Mvfxi Ijv‡bi MVb ¯^vfvweK Ges euvU cwiwgZ AvKv‡ii Zv‡ì †¶‡Î GB
AvKv‡ii Zv‡ì †¶‡Î GB c×wZ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| GB c×wZ‡Z nv‡Zi Zvjy, e„×v½ywj I cÖ_gv½ywj w`‡q
c×wZ me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| Ggbfv‡e euvU aiv nq hv‡Z K‡i Kwbôv½ywj gy³ _v‡K| e„×v½wj I cÖ_gv½ywj w`‡q euv‡Ui
†Mvov eÜ †i‡L Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jB `ya †ei n‡q Av‡m| Avevi euv‡Ui †Mvov Ly‡j w`‡jB
Ijvb †_‡K `ya G‡m euv‡U Rgv nq|
wPÎ 24 t c~Y©n¯Í c×wZ‡Z †`vnb

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
†h mg¯Í Mvfxi euvU †gvUv I

L. †bv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ †`vnb (Milking with node)
gvsmj Zv‡ì †¶‡Î GB †h mg¯Í Mvfxi euvU †gvUv I gvsmj Zv‡ì †¶‡Î GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| GB
c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q _v‡K| c×wZwU c~Y© n¯Í c×wZi g‡ZvB wKš‘ cv_©K¨ n‡jv GB †h, G‡¶‡Î e„×v½ywji mvg‡bi
Ask Ges cÖ_gv½ywji mvnv‡h¨ euv‡Ui Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| GwU GKwU wbôzi
c×wZ Ges GB c×wZ mvaviYZ AbymiY Kiv nq bv|
wPÎ 25 t †bv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb c×wZ
Mvfx cÖ_gevi ev”Pv cÖme

M. `yB Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †`vnb (Milking with two fingers)
Kivi ci mvaviYZ euvU †QvU Mvfx cÖ_gevi ev”Pv cÖme Kivi ci mvaviYZ euvU †QvU _v‡K| G ai‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ GB
_v‡K| G ai‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ c×wZwU cÖ‡hvR¨| GB c×wZ‡Z e„×v½ywj I cÖ_gv½ywj w`‡q euvU ai‡Z nq| AZci Pvc
GB c×wZwU cÖ‡hvR¨| cÖ‡qvM K‡i Avj‡Zvfv‡e Dci †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K Av½yj `y‡Uv wb‡q Avm‡Z nq|
wPÎ 26 t `yB Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb c×wZ
2. h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb (Machine milking)

mvaviYZ e‡ov e‡ov Lvgv‡i †hLv‡b `y»eZx Mvfxi msL¨v A‡bK †ewk _v‡K †mLv‡b
GKms‡M A‡bK¸‡jv Mvfx‡K †`vn‡bi Rb¨ `ya †`vnb hš¿ eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| h‡š¿i
mvnv‡h¨ Lye mn‡R Ges Aí cwikª‡g ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Zfv‡e `ya †`vnb Kiv m¤¢e nq|

GKwU `ya †`vnb h‡š¿ mvaviYZ †h Ask¸‡jv _v‡K−

• f¨vKzqvg cv¤ú (Vacuum pump)
• f¨vKzqvg U¨vsK (Vacuum tank)
• f¨vKzqvg jvBb (Vacuum line)
• †iæ¸‡jUi (Regulator)
• cvj‡mUi (Pulsator)
• wgé cvBc (Milk pipe)
• Gqvi cvBc (Air pipe)
• wUU Kvc (Teat cup)
• `ya msMÖn cvÎ (Pail)
• K¬wcm (Claw piece)
h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb c×wZ

†`vn‡bi mgq n‡j Mvfxi euv‡U wUU Kvc jvwM‡q w`‡q †`vnb hš¿wU Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡e (wPÎ- 27)|
wPÎ 27 t wUU Kvc jvMv‡bv Ae¯’vq GKwU Mvfx

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
f¨vKzqvg cv¤ú KZ…K © m„ó f¨vKzqvg cvj‡mU‡ii gva¨‡g wUU Kvc †kj I wUU Kvc jvBbv‡ii
g‡a¨ k~b¨Zvi m„wó K‡i| d‡j Ijvb †_‡K `ya G‡m euv‡U Rgv nq (wPÎ- 27)| Avevi wUU Kvc
†mj I jvBbv‡ii g‡a¨ evZvm XzwK‡q ùxwZi m„wó Ki‡j euv‡Ui Dci Pvc c‡o Ges euv‡U iw¶Z
`ya wgé cvBc w`‡q `ya msMÖn cv‡Î G‡m Rgv nq (wPÎ- 27)|
wPÎ 28 t `y» †`vnb h‡š¿i Kvh©cÖYvwj
`ya evRviRvZKiY
evsjv‡`k `y» Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZ BDwbqb (cwiwPwZ bvg− wgé wfUv) Ges K‡qKwU
†emiKvix cÖwZôvb Qvov evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv_vI `ya evRviRvZKi‡Yi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó c×wZ †bB|
†ewkifvM `y» Drcv`bKvix wb‡RB evRv‡i wM‡q `ya weµq K‡i _v‡Kb| `ya Drcv`‡bi †¶‡ÎI
†Kvb mywbw`©ó ¸YMZ I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z gvb AbymiY Kiv nq bv| wKQy wKQy †¶‡Î †Mvqvjv `ya
Drcv`bKvixi wbKU `ya msMÖn K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î †Mvqvjv Amy`cvq Aej¤^b Kivq `y‡ai
¸YMZgvb K‡g hvq| evsjv‡`‡k AcÖZzj cwienY eë¯’v Ges mwVK evRviRvZKiY eë¯’v bv
_vKvq †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ g~‡j¨ `ya µq-weµq n‡q _v‡K| D`vniY ¯îƒc XvKv kn‡i
cÖwZ wjUvi `y‡ai g~j¨ †hLv‡b 20-25 UvKv MÖvgvÂ‡j †mLv‡b cÖwZ wjUvi `ya 10-12 UvKv ev
ZviI Kg g~‡j¨ weµq n‡”Q| GQvovI MÖvgvÂ‡j †Kv‡bv w`b nq‡Zv `y‡ai Pvwn`v evRv‡i Lye
†ewk _v‡K Avevi †Kv‡bv w`b nq‡Zv Pvwn`v LyeB Kg _v‡K| d‡j `ya Drcv`bKvix e¨vcKfv‡e
¶wZMÖ¯’ n‡q _v‡Kb| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k `ya evRviRvZKi‡Yi wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`k `y» Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZ BDwbqb †h c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡jv−
3-6 wU MÖv‡gi 100-400 m`m¨ wb‡q cÖv_wgK `y» Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq|
mwgwZi m`m¨‡ì Aek¨B Kgc‡¶ GKwU wbR¯^ Mvfx _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI cÖ‡Z¨K m`m¨‡K
eQ‡i 150 w`‡b Kgc‡¶ 150 wjUvi `ya mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| mwgwZi m`mïv Drcvw`Z `ya
wbw`©ó †K‡›`ª mieivn K‡i _v‡Kb| mwgwZi m`mïv †hb b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cvq GRb¨ `y‡a Pwe©i
kZKiv nv‡ii Dci g~j¨ wbav©iY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| d‡j `y» Drcv`bKvix Zvi Drcvw`Z `ya wb‡q
†hgb `ytkwPšÍvq †fv‡Mb bv wVK †Zgwb b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cvIqvq Drcv`‡b Drmvn †eva K‡i _v‡Kb|

mvigg©
`y» Lvgv‡i `ya †`vnb GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| mwVKfv‡e `ya †`vnb cÖwµqvi Dci
Lvgv‡ii mdjZv A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| GRb¨B `ya †`vn‡bi wewfbœ avc Ges nvZ w`‡q ev
hvwš¿Kfv‡e `ya †`vn‡bi †¶‡Î mwVK †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv DwPZ| `ya GKwU cPbkxj `ªe¨|
ZvB `ya Drcv`‡bi ci Zv evRviRvZKiY Riæix| evsjv‡`‡k hwÌ `ya evRviRvZKi‡Yi
†Kv‡bv c×wZ †bB, ZeyI evsjv‡`k `y» Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZ BDwbqb `ya
evRviRvZKi‡Yi c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡Q|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb

K. wbw`©ó mgqm~Px Abyhvqx cÖwZw`b KZevi `ya †`vnb Kiv DwPZ?
i. 2/3 evi
ii. 4/5 evi
iii. 3/4 evi
iv. 1 evi
L. nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vn‡bi KqwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q?

i. 2 wU
ii. 3 wU
iii. 4 wU
iv. 5 wU

K. †`vnbKvix I †h Mvfxi `ya msMÖn Kiv n‡e G‡ì g‡a¨ cvi¯ wiK cQ›` _vKv
DwPZ|
L. Mvfx †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z nq|

K. †h mg¯Í Mvfxi - - - - - - - - MVb ¯^vfvweK Zv‡ì †¶‡Î c~Y©n¯Í c×wZ
cÖ‡hvR¨|
L. †bvW Gi mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb GKwU - - - - - - - - c×wZ|

K. cÖv_wgK `y» Drcv`bKvix mgevq mwgwZ KZRb m`m¨ wb‡q MVb Kiv nq?
L. `yB Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb c×wZ‡Z †Kvb& †Kvb& Av½yj w`‡q euvU ai‡Z nq?

cvV 2.4 3-5 wU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖKí cÖYqb

■ Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ GKwU Lvgv‡ii Drcv`b cwiKíbv fvjfv‡e eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ GKwU Av`k© Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b Ab¨‡K civgk© w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki `wi`ª Ges †eKvi hyeK‡ì RxweKvi mÜvb I ¯^wbf©i nIqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ
cÖK‡íi g‡a¨ Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vcb cÖKí Ab¨Zg| GB cv‡V 5 wU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vcb cÖKí wb‡q
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki `wi`ª Ges
†eKvi hyeK‡ì RxweKvi
mÜvb I ¯^wbf©i nIqvi Rb¨ cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgvi cÖKí
wewfbœ cÖK‡íi g‡a¨ Mvfxi cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
Lvgvi ¯’vcb cÖKí Ab¨Zg| • g~jab
• cª‡qvRbxq Mvfx
• evm¯’vb
• Lv`¨
• †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v
• cÖRbb
g~jab
g~jab wbR¯^ n‡Z cv‡i A_ev e¨vsK F‡Yi gva¨‡g msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| e¨vsK F‡Yi gva¨‡g
G g~ja‡bi kZKiv 60 fvM msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq Mvfx
mviwY 2.2 G cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgvi ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Mvfxi aib, msL¨v, G‡ì Mo ˆ`wnK
IRb Ges ˆ`wbK Mo `ya Drcv`b D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv|
mviwY 2.2 cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgvi ˆZwii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Mvfxi aib, msL¨v, G‡ì Mo ˆ`wnK IRb Ges ˆ`wbK
Mo `ya Drcv`b|
cïi aib Mvfxi msL¨v Mo ˆ`wnK IRb ˆ`wbK Mo
(†KwR) `ya Drcv`b (†KwR)
K. `yav‡jv Mvfx (65%) 3 350 8.0
L. `yawenxb Mvfx (35%) 2 350 −
M. eKbv 2 150 −
N. evQyi 3 75 −
cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgv‡i †gvU `kwU Miæ _vKv DwPZ|
evm¯’vb
`y»Lvgv‡ii evm¯’vb ¯^v¯’¨-
m¤§Z nIqv DwPZ| `y»Lvgv‡ii evm¯’vb ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z nIqv DwPZ| 5 wU Mvfxi `y»Lvgv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq M„nvqb wbæiƒc
n‡Z n‡e|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Mvfxi Rb¨ †Mvkvjv

• cÖwZwU `yav‡jv Mvfxi Rb¨ 32 eM©dzU wn‡m‡e 3 wUi Rb¨ †gvU 96 eM©dzU euv‡ki †eov, GK
Pvjv wU‡bi Ni| B‡Ui †g‡S Lvevi eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
• cÖwZwU `yawenxb Mvfx Ges eKbvi Rb¨ 50 eM©dzU wn‡m‡e 4 wUi Rb¨ †gvU 200 eM©dzU
euv‡ki †eov Qvov GKPvjv wU‡bi Ni|
evQy‡ii Rb¨ †Mvkvjv

• cÖwZwU evQy‡ii Rb¨ 20 eM©dzU wn‡m‡e 7 wU evQy‡ii Rb¨ †gvU 140 eM©dz‡Ui GKPvjv
wU‡bi Ni|
Lv`¨
• `yav‡jv Mvfxi ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (AcPq mn) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi 3.30%
Avuk RvZxq I `vbv`vi Lv‡`ï AbycvZ = 3t2
• `yawenxb Mvfxi ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (AcPq mn) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi 3.30%
• eKbvi ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (AcPq mn) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi 3.50%
• evQy‡ii ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (AcPq mn) ˆ`wnK IR‡bi 4.0%
†gvU 100 w`‡bi Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv|
• ïK‡bv I `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨ ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cwigvY 90.0%
mviwY 2.3 G cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgv‡i evrmwiK Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I LiP D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv|
mviwY 2.3 cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgv‡i evrmwiK Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I LiP|
Lv‡`ï aib evrmwiK Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv (†KwR) cÖwZ †KwRi evrmwiK g~j¨
`yav‡jv `yawenxb eKbv evQyi †gvU g~j¨ (UvKv) (UvKv)
Mvfx Mvfx
Avuk RvZxq Lv`¨ 8432.0 7495.0 3000.0 1100.0 20027.0 1.0 20,027.0
`vbv`vi RvZxq Lv`¨ 5621.0 1874.0 1300.0 720.0 9515.0 10.0 95150.0
myZivs cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgv‡i evrmwiK Lv`¨ LiP n‡e 1,15,177.0 UvKv|
Mvfxmn Ab¨vb¨ evQy‡ii ¯^v¯’¨

¯^v¯’¨wewa I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v
fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ cï Mvfxmn Ab¨vb¨ evQy‡ii ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ cï wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx wewfbœ eq‡m
wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx f¨vKwmb w`‡Z n‡e| GQvov cÖ‡qvR‡b wfUvwgb wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· µq K‡i Mvfx‡K LvIqv‡Z
wewfbœ eq‡mi f¨vKwmb w`‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b K…wgbvkK Ilya †meb Kiv‡Z n‡e| Mvfxi ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi Rb¨ wbqwgZ
n‡e| †Mvmj Kiv‡Z n‡e| †MvqvjN‡ii †Mvei, †Pvbv cwi®‹vi K‡i wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b ev M‡Z© Rgv Ki‡Z
n‡e| GQvov Mvfxi Mv‡qi AvVvjx, Wvm (gvwQ), †RuvK BZ¨vw` AevwÂZ †cvKvgvKo †e‡Q †g‡i
†dj‡Z n‡e|
cÖRbb
`y»Lvgv‡i `ya Drcv`‡bi avivevwnKZv i¶v Kiv Ges wbqwgZ ev”Pv cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖRbb LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| GRb¨ Mvfx KLb Mig nq, †Kvb& luvo Øviv cÖRbb Kiv‡bv n‡e Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ

Z_¨ c~e© n‡ZB msMÖn K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e mwVK mg‡q fv‡jv luvo Øviv cÖRbb
Kwi‡q my¯’ mej evQyi †c‡jB †Kej jvfRbK Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e|
Abykxjb (Activity) t aiæb, Avcbvi 3 wU Mvfxi GKwU Lvgvi Av‡Q| G‡ì Rb¨ Kx cwigvY
RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zv wn‡me K‡i †ei Kiæb|
mvigg©
Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© cÖKí cÖYqb LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| myôz cÖKí cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g
Lvgv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmn Ab¨vb¨ welq m¤^‡Ü mg¨K avibv cvIqv hvq| 3-5 wU Mvfxi
cÖKí cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab, Mvfx, Mvfxi Lv`¨, evm¯’vb Ges m‡ev©cwi cÖRbb
eë¯’vcbv mwVKfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv m¤¢e|

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb

K. e¨vsK F‡Yi gva¨‡g g~ja‡bi kZKiv KZ fvM msMÖn Kiv hvq?
i. 50 fvM
ii. 60 fvM
iii. 70 fvM
iv. 80 fvM
L. cuvUwU Mvfxi Lvgv‡i `yav‡jv Mvfx KqwU _vK‡e?

i. 2 wU
ii. 3 wU
iii. 4 wU
iv. 5 wU

K. cÖwZwU `yav‡jv Mvfxi Rb¨ 22 eM©dzU RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb|
L. cÖwZwU eKbvi Rb¨ 35 eM©dzU RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb|

K. cÖwZwU `yawenxb Mvfxi Rb¨ ï®‹ c`v‡_©i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ˆ`wnK IR‡bi - - - -%|
L. - - - - - - evQyi †c‡jB jvfRbK Lvgvi Mov m¤¢e|

K. g~ja‡bi Drm Kx Kx n‡Z cv‡i?
L. Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖKí cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?

cvV 2.5 `y» Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve

■ GKwU Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve wbR nv‡Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Lvgv‡i g~jab wewb‡qvM I AveZ©K LiP m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
Lvgv‡ii cÖK…Z gybvdv wbf©i K‡i Gi myôz Avq-e¨‡qi wn‡m‡ei Ici| Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve mwVK
bv n‡j Lvgvi cwiPvjbv `ymva¨ n‡q c‡o| GLv‡b cvV 2.4-G ewY©Z 5 wU Mvfxi Lvgv‡ii Avq-
e¨‡qi wnmve eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|
Lvgv‡ii cÖK…Z gybvdv wbf©i
K‡i Gi myôz Avq-e¨‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxq g~jab wewb‡qvM
wnmv‡ei Ici| e¨q (UvKv)
Li‡Pi LvZ t
(wbR¯^)
cÖ‡qvRbxq Rwg
• `yav‡jv Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖwZ eM©dzU 90/- UvKv wn‡m‡e 96 eM©dzU wewkó
Qb I euv‡ki Ni ˆZwi eve` LiP 8,640.00
• `yawenxb Mvfx Ges eKbvi Rb¨ cÖwZ eM©dzU 40/- UvKv wn‡m‡e 200
eM©dzU Ni ˆZwi eve` LiP 8,000.00
• evQy‡ii Rb¨ cÖwZ eM©dzU 90/- UvKv wn‡m‡e 140 eM©dzU Ni ˆZwi
eve` LiP 12,600.00
• 5 wU msKi Rv‡Zi Mvfx hvi cÖwZwUi g~j¨ 25,000/- UvKv wn‡m‡e 1,25,000.00
• wewea LiP (`ya, cvwb I Lvevi cvÎ BZ¨vw`) 10,000.00
wewb‡qvMK…Z †gvU g~jab 164,240.00
e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g G g~ja‡bi 60% msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr e¨vs‡Ki FY 98,544.00 UvKv|
Lvgv‡ii Avq
cÖ_g eQi Avq (UvKv)
• cÖwZwU Mvfx‡Z ˆ`wbK M‡o 8.0 wK‡jv `ya Drcv`b n‡j 300 w`‡b 3
wU n‡Z, cÖwZ wK‡jv 20.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 1,44,000.00
• cÖwZ 100 wK‡jv ˆ`wnK IRb ˆ`wbK 6.0 wK‡jv †Mvei Drcbœ Ki‡j
Lvgv‡ii 2275 wK‡jv ˆ`wnK IRb eQ‡i cÖvq 50.0 Ub †Mvei Drcbœ
Ki‡e| †Mvei 200 UvKv Ub wn‡m‡e 200×50.0 10,000.00
†gvU Avq 1,54,000.00
wØZxq eQi Avq (UvKv)

• `ya I †Mvei n‡Z Avq 1,54,000.00
• evQyi wewµ (3 wU 1 eQi eqmx) cÖwZwU M‡o 12,000/- 36,000.00
†gvU Avq 1,90,000.00

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Z…Zxq eQi Avq (UvKv)

• `ya I †Mvei n‡Z Avq 1,54,000.00
• evQyi wewµ (2 wU 1 eQi eqmx) cÖwZwU M‡o 12,000/- 24,000.00
†gvU Avq 1,78,000.00
PZz_© eQi Avq (UvKv)

• `ya, †Mvei I 3 wU 1 eQi eqmx evQyi 1,90,000.00
cÂg eQi Avq (UvKv)

lô eQi Avq (UvKv)

mßg eQi Avq (UvKv)

mvZ eQ‡i †gvU Avq 12,58,000.00
mvZ eQ‡i †gvU e¨q

• AveZ©K LiP 1,15,177.00×7 eQi 8,06,239.00
• 12% my‡` 98,544.00 7 eQ‡i 1,81,314.00
9,87,553.00
mvZ eQ‡i bxU gybvdv

• mvZ eQ‡i Avq 12,58,000.00
• mvZ eQ‡i e¨q 9,87,553.00
bxU gybvdv 2,70,447.00
GLv‡b g„Zzï nvi aiv nqwb|
• †h 5wU Mvfx, 3wU eKbv I 2wU evQyi w`‡q Lvgvi ïiæ Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv mvZ eQi ci †m¸‡jv
Lvgv‡ii g~jab wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| Avevi GB 5wU Mvfx weµq K‡i Zv †_‡K cÖvß A_©
w`‡q Lvgv‡ii evQyi cÖwZcvjb Kiv hv‡e|
Abykxjb (Activity) t 3 wU Mvfxi Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Kiæb|
mvigg©
Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Kx cwigvY g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i Kx cwigvY gybvdv
AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e Zv Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †_‡K Rvbv hvq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve mwVK
bv n‡j Lvgvi cwiPvjbv KwVb n‡q c‡o|


K. `yav‡jv Mvfxi Rb¨ Qb I euv‡ki Ni ˆZwi‡Z cÖwZ eM©dz‡Ui LiP aiv n‡q‡Q-
i. 70 UvKv
ii. 90 UvKv
iii. 120 UvKv
iv. 180 UvKv
L. GKwU c~Y© eq¯‹ Mvfx cÖwZw`b ïKbv Lo KZ †KwR Lv‡e?

i. 4 †KwR
ii. 5 †KwR
iii. 6 †KwR
iv. 8 †KwR

K. cÖwZ Ub †Mve‡ii `vg 20 UvKv|
L. 100 †KwR ˆ`wnK IR‡bi Miæ 6 †KwR †Mvei Drcbœ K‡i|

K. `ya Qvov Mvfx †_‡K - - - - - - - - cvIqv hvq|
L. Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Rwg - - - - - - - - n‡Z cv‡i|

K. Lvgv‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve †Kb Kiv nq?
L. cÖwZwU Mvfxi g~j¨ KZ aiv n‡q‡Q?

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
eënvwiK
cvV 2.6 nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb

■ nvZ w`‡q Kxfv‡e `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ wb‡R `ya †`vnb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
†QvU †QvU `y» Lvgv‡i Ges MÖvgvÂ‡j K…lKiv mvaviYZ nvZ w`‡q `ya †`vnb K‡i _v‡K| nvZ
w`‡q `ya †`vn‡bi wZbwU c×wZ i‡q‡Q| G †Kvm© eB‡qi cvV 2.3-Gi `ya †`vnb AskUzKz
g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q co~b|
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY
1. GKwU `y»eZx Mvfx
2. cwi®‹vi `y‡ai cvÎ
3. G¨vw›U‡mcwUK †jvkb A_ev wbgcvZvi Mig cvwb
4. ïK‡bv big Kvco
5. †Zvqv‡j ev Uzwc
6. eënvwiK LvZv
Kv‡Ri aviv
• cwi®‹vi cwi”Qbœ Kvco cwiavb Kiæb| cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a bL †K‡U wbb| †Zvqv‡j ev Uzwc
w`‡q Pzj †X‡K ivLyb|
• †h Mvfxi `ya †`vnb Kiv n‡e Zvi Ijvb I euvU A¨vw›U‡mcwUK †jvkb A_ev wbgcvZvi
Mig cvwb w`‡q ay‡q cwi®‹vi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| AZci ïK‡bv big Kvco w`‡q Ijvb I
euvU gy‡Q wbb|
• nvZ †fRv _vK‡j nvZ Kvco w`‡q gy‡Q wbb|
• evQyi w`‡q euvU Pzlvb A_ev nvZ w`‡q Ijvb g¨v‡mR Kiæb|
• cvV 2.3-G ewY©Z c~Y©n¯Í c×wZ‡Z A_ev `yÕAv½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ `ya †`vnb Kiæb|
• euv‡U `ya Avmvi 5 †_‡K 7 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ mg¯Í `ya †`vnb Kiæb|
• cy‡iv cÖwµqvwU eënvwiK LvZvq wjLyb|
• eënvwiK LvZvwU wUDUi‡K †`Lvb Ges Zv‡Z mB wbb|

eënvwiK
cvV 2.7 e¨vsK †_‡K FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb wbR LvZvq †jLv

■ wbR nv‡Z e¨vsK n‡Z FY cwi‡kv‡ai GKwU LwZqvb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ cÖwZ eQi Kx nv‡i FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
■ e¨vs‡Ki FY cwi‡kva K‡e bvMv` †kl n‡e Zv D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖvmw½K Z_¨
†h †Kv‡bv Lvgvi ¯’vcb Kiv †nvK bv †K‡bv Gi Rb¨ e¨vsK †_‡K FY †bqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| G
F‡Yi UvKv h_vh_fv‡e eënvi K‡i Zv †_‡K gybvdv AR©b K‡i h_vmg‡q wbqg gvwdK
cwi‡kva Kiv DwPZ| GLv‡b cvV 2.5-G ewY©Z †gvU wewb‡qvMK…Z g~ja‡bi (1,70,540.00)
60% (1,02,324.00) e¨vsK FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡j−L¨ †h my‡ì nvi
12% wQ‡jv|
e¨vsK FY cwi‡kv‡ai LwZqvb
bxU Avq cwi‡kva gvwj‡Ki

eQi F‡Yi cwigvb my` †gvU AveZ©K LiP D×…Ë
ev‡` gyj my` †gvU bxU Avq
cÖ_g 1,02,324.00 12278.88 114602.88 87890.00 20464.80 12278.88 32743.68 55146.32
wØZxq 81859.00 9823.10 91682.30 95190.00 20464.80 9823.10 30287.90 64902.10
Z…Zxq 61394.20 7367.30 68761.50 100190.00 20464.80 7367.30 27832.10 72357.90
PZz_© 40929.40 4911.52 45840.92 100190.00 20464.80 4911.52 25376.30 74813.68
cÂg 20464.68 2455.75 12920.35 100190.00 20464.80 2455.75 22920.55 77269.45
lô − − − 100190.00 − − − 100190.00
mßg − − − 160190.00 − − − 160190.00
Mvfxi g~j¨mn e¨vs‡K FY cwi‡kva K‡i bxU gybvdv = 6,04,869.60 UvKv|
P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb- BDwbU 2

1| cuvPwU Mvfxi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY¸‡jvi bvg wjLyb|
2| `ya evRviRvZKiY ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiæb|
3| evQyi‡K LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ w¨jwce× Kiæb|
4| wWnwb©s ej‡Z Kx ey‡Sb? GwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
5| evQyi wPwýZ KiY ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiæb|
6| `y» Lvgv‡i Kx Kx Z_¨ ivLv nq Zv wjwce× Kiæb|
7| `ya †`vn‡bi wewfbœ avc eY©bv Kiæb|
8| `ya †`vn‡bi c×wZ KqwU I Kx Kx eY©bv Kiæb|
9| GKwU `ya †`vnb h‡š¿i wewfbœ As‡ki bvg wjLyb|
10| Lvgv‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v †Kgb nIqv DwPZ?

`y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb
DËigvjv BDwbU 2
cvV 2.1
1. K. ii, L. i,
2. K. ¯’vb wbev©Pb L. 3.75 - 4.75 e.wg.
3. K. m, L. m,
4. K. AšÍtKjn, L. D¾¡j n‡e|
cvV 2.2
1. K. i, L. iv,
2. K. m, L. m,
3. K. `yÕgvm, L. fvBivm I e¨vK‡Uwiqv,
4. K. Kvd÷viUvi, L. ê`y¨wZK wWnbv©i|
cvV 2.3
1. K. i, L. ii,
2. K. m, L. wg,
3. K. Ijv‡bi, L. wbôzi,
4. K. 100 - 400, L. e„×v½jx I cÖ_gv½jx|
cvV 2.4
1. K. iv, L. ii,
2. K. wg, L. wg,
3. K. 3.30%, L. my¯’,
4. K. wbR¯^ ev e¨vsK FY, L. AwaK gybvdv jv‡fi Rb¨|
cvV 2.5
1. K. i, L. iv,
2. K. wg, L. m,
3. K. †Mvei, L. wbR¯^,
4. K. myôyfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨, L. 25,000 UvKv,


BDwbU 3 gyiwMi Lvgvi ¯’vcb
BDwbU 3
gyiwMi Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Avgv‡ì †`‡k Avwg‡li Afve LyeB cÖKU| Avwg‡li G Afve †gUv‡Z gyiwM cvj‡bi Ici
¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| Lye Aí mg‡q Aí cuywR wewb‡qvM K‡i gyiwM cvjb GKwU jvfRbK I
m¤¢vebvgq K…wl wkí wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡”Q| AvaywbK weÁvb I cÖhyw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mwVK
cwiKíbvq gyiwM Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g gyiwM cvjb‡K jvfRbK K‡i †Zvjv hvq| gyiwM Lvgvi
`yai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- cvwievwiK gyiwM Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K gyiwM Lvgvi| cvwievwiK gyiwM
Lvgv‡i AímsL¨K gyiwM cvjb K‡i †m AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q cieZx©‡Z evwYwR¨K gyiwM
Lvgvi M‡o †Zvjv hvq| Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡kï Ici wfwË K‡i gyiwMi Lvgvi wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q
_v‡K| gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ gyiwM cvjb Ki‡j G‡K ejv nq eªqjvi Lvgvi| Avevi wWg
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Lvgvi Ki‡j G‡K ejv nq †jqvi ev wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi| Z‡e †h ai‡bi
LvgviB ¯’vcb Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Zv jvfRbK Ki‡Z PvB‡j cÖ‡qvRb myôz cwiKíbv, weÁvbm¤§Z
eë¯’vcbv I mwVK cwiPvjbv|
G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb, eªqjvi Ges wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi
cwiKíbv I ¯’vcb, Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b KvRKg©, eªqjvi Ges wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii cÖKí
cÖ¯‘ZKiY BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv ZvwË¡K I eënvwiKmn Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cvV 3.1 gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb −
• Lvgvi Kx I KZ ai‡bi Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|
• gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ †Kb ¯’vb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
• gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii ¯’vb wbe©vP‡b †hme welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
Lvgvi ej‡Z evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ nvumgyiwM cÖwZcvjb Kivi Rb¨ wbwÏ©ó ¯’vb‡K eySvq| nvumgyiwMi
Drcv`‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i Lvgvi wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †hgb- wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi (egg
farm), gvsm Drcv`b Lvgvi (broiler farm), cÖRb‡bi Lvgvi ev weªWvi Lvgvi (breeder farm)
ev”Pv Drcv`b Lvgvi (hatchery) BZ¨vw`| Avevi nvum Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vwcZ Lvgvi‡K nvu‡mi
Lvgvi ej‡Z evwYwR¨K Lvgvi (duck farm) ejv nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e, †Kv‡qj, ivRnuvm, wZwZi I KeyZi BZ¨vw`
D‡Ï‡k¨ nuvmgyiwM cÖwZcvjb
Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó ¯’vb‡K
Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi‡K h_vµ‡g †Kv‡qj Lvgvi, ivRnuv‡mi Lvgvi, wZwZi cvwLi Lvgvi I KeyZ‡ii
eySvq| nuvmgyiwMi Lvgvi Lvgvi ejv nq| Z‡e †Kv‡q‡ji Lvgvi‡K †Kv‡qjvwiI (quailary) ejv n‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡q‡ji
wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K, †¶‡ÎI †jqvi Lvgvi, eªqjvi Lvgvi, weªWvi Lvgvi I n¨vPvwi BZ¨vw` i‡q‡Q| Avevi KeyZ‡ii
†hgb- wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi, ev”Pv Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi †¯‹vqve Lvgvi (squab farm) bv‡g cwiwPZ| G‡`‡k evwYwR¨KwfwË‡Z
gvsm Drcv`b Lvgvi, cÖRb‡bi
gyiwM, nuvm ev †Kv‡q‡ji Lvgvi _vK‡jI ivRnuvm, KeyZi I wZwZ‡ii †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K Lvgvi
Lvgvi, weªWvi Lvgvi, ev”Pv
Drcv`b Lvgvi| †bB ej‡jB P‡j| GQvovI GKB ¯’v‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi wWg, ev”Pv I gvsm Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨
¯’vwcZ Lvgvi‡K †cvjwUª Lvgvi (poultry farm) e‡j| Z‡e cÖRvwZ ev Drcvw`Z e¯‘i bv‡g
Lvgv‡ii bvg ivLv AwaK hyw³hy³| GKwU K_v g‡b ivLv DwPZ, GKB Lvgv‡i wewfbœ cÖRvwZi
†cvwëª cvjb bv KivB fv‡jv| KviY GKm‡½ cvjb Ki‡j wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cvwLi g‡a¨ bvbv
ai‡bi †ivMe¨vwa Qov‡bvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
Abykxjb (Activity) t cÖRvwZ I D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii evsjv I Bs‡iRx bvg
Q‡Ki gva¨‡g wjLyb|
gyiwMi Lvgvi GKwU ¯’vqx eë¯’v| †h ai‡bi gyiwMi LvgviB ¯’vcb Kiv †nvK bv †Kb
g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e ïay Lvgvi
¯’vcb Ki‡jB Pj‡e bv Zv K‡i mvdj¨RbKfv‡e Lvgvi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Gi ¯’vb wbe©vPb GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evwYwR¨K †KŠkj|
Zzj‡Z n‡e jvfRbK| KviY g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e ïay Lvgvi ¯’vcb Ki‡jB Pj‡e bv Zv K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e jvfRbK| gyiwMi
Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| †hgb-
• Lvgv‡ii ¯’vb DuPz nIqv DwPZ| Lvgvi Ggb ¯’v‡b Mo‡Z n‡e †hLv‡b eb¨v KLbI cÖ‡ek
Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
• †h ¯’v‡b Lvgvi Kiv n‡e †mLvbKvi gvwU evjy I KuvKi wgwkªZ n‡Z n‡e Ges gvwUi cvwb
†kvlY ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
• Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡b myôz cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
Lvgv‡ii ¯’vbwU gvby‡li evwoNi
• Lvgv‡ii ¯’vbwU gvby‡li evwoNi †_‡K `~‡i †Kvjvnjgy³ RvqMvq n‡Z n‡e|
†_‡K `~‡i †Kvjvnjgy³ • †h ¯’v‡b Lvgvi Kiv n‡e †mLvbKvi †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v DbœZ n‡Z n‡e|
RvqMvq n‡Z n‡e| • gvby‡li PjvP‡ji Rb¨ eëüZ ivRc_ †_‡K AšÍZ Avav wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i Lvgv‡ii ¯’vb
wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ|
• †hLv‡b Lvgvi Kiv n‡e †mLv‡b we`y¨r I weï× cvwb mieiv‡ni eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
• Lvgv‡ii ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb Av‡kcv‡k m¯Ívq I mn‡R gyiwMi Lv`¨
µq Kivi my‡hvMmyweav _v‡K|
Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨, †hgb-
• Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨, †hgb- wWg, gyiwM BZ¨vw` mn‡R evRviRvZKi‡Yi my‡hvM _vK‡Z
wWg, gyiwM BZ¨vw` mn‡R n‡e|
evRviRvZKi‡Yi my‡hvM • Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡bi g~j¨ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg wK-bv †mUvI we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
_vK‡Z n‡e| n‡e|

" cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 3.1

1| mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|
K. KeyZ‡ii ev”Pv Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi‡K Kx e‡j?
i) †¯‹vqve Lvgvi
ii) †jqvi Lvgvi
iii) eªqjvi Lvgvi
iv) n¨vPvwi
L. †h ¯’v‡b Lvgvi Kiv n‡e †mLvbKvi gvwU †Kgb n‡e?

i) Gu‡Uj
ii) †`v-Avuk
iii) †e‡j
iv) evwj I KuvKi wgwkªZ

K. cÖRb‡bi Lvgvi‡K weªWvi Lvgvi e‡j|
L. gyiwMi Lvgvi GKwU A¯’vqx eë¯’v|

K. †Kv‡q‡ji Lvgvi‡K ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ejv n‡q _v‡K|
L. †hLv‡b Lvgvi Kiv n‡e †mLv‡b ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ I ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ eë¯’v Ki‡Z nq|

K. GKB ¯’v‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi wWg, ev”Pv I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi‡K Kx e‡j?
L. wWg Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi‡K Kx e‡j?

cvV 3.2 eªqjvi Lvgvi cwiKíbv I ¯’vcb

eªqjvi Lvgvi cªwZôvi cwiKíbvq Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Nievwo, DcKiYvw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
eªqjvi Lvgvi cwiKíbvq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h Lvgv‡i gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq †mUvB eªqjvi Lvgvi| †h †Kv‡bv Lvgvi ev
wk‡í evwYwR¨Kfv‡e mdjZv jv‡fi Rb¨ PvB myôz cwiKíbv| eªqjvi Lvgvi GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi
wkí| ZvB G Lvgvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ g~j welq QvovI Avbylvw½K welq¸‡jv we‡kl we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z
gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h
Lvgv‡i gyiwM cvjb Kiv nq
nq| eªqjvi Lvgvi cwiKíbvi mgq wbgœewY©Z welq¸‡jv Aek¨B we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v-
†mUvB eªqjvi Lvgvi| • g~jab|
• Rwg|
• Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ev evRvi|
• AvaywbK eªqjvi †÷ªB‡bi ev”Pv mn‡R cvIqvi m¤¢vebv|
• Lv`¨ msMÖn Kiv mnR wK-bv Ges Lv‡`ï g~j¨ b¨vh¨ wK-bv ?
• cvwb|
• we`y¨r|
• cÖwZ‡kaK IlyacÎ|
• †hvMv‡hv‡Mi iv¯ÍvNvU BZ¨vw`|
evwl©K hZ msL¨K eªqjvi Drcv`‡bi j¶¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡e †m msL¨K eªqjv‡ii 7-8 mßvn
cÖwZcvj‡bi Ni Ges Ab¨vb¨ myweav, †hgb- Awdm, kªwgK Ni, Lv`¨ ¸`vg, gvsm
cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi Ni, msi¶YvMvi BZ¨vw` ˆZwii Rb¨ Rwg Ges G mKj cÖ‡qvRbxq Nievwo
ˆZwii Rb¨ †gvU RvqMvi m‡½ AviI cÖvq 1.5 ¸Y duvKv RvqMv †hvM K‡i Lvgv‡ii †gvU Rwgi
cwigvY wba©viY Kiv nq|
wbw`©ó eq‡mi ci eªqjvi gyiwMi kixi ea©‡Yi nvi Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi nviI †e‡o
hvq| †h Kvi‡Y gvsm Drcv`b LiP e„w× †c‡q gybvdvi nvi K‡g hvq| ZvB wbwÏ©ó mg‡qi ci
RxešÍ eªqjvi ev †WªmW eªqjvi wn‡m‡e wewµ Ki‡Z nq| myZivs eªqjvi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi mgq
Drcvw`Z gvsm evRviRvZ Kivi myweav¸‡jv wbwðZ n‡q Lvgvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ab¨w`‡K eªqvjvi †h‡nZz Kg mg‡q cybtcybt evRviRvZ Kiv hvq †m Kvi‡Y Kg g~jab LvwU‡q
AwaK gybvdv Kiv hvq|
eªqjvi Lvgvi eë¯’vcbvq eªqjvi Lvgvi eë¯’vcbvq wZbwU †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡Z nq, h_v-1. cvwLi
wZbwU †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Lv`¨, 2. evm¯’vb I 3. †ivM `gb|
wbðqZv weavb Ki‡Z nq|
h_v- cvwLi Lv`¨, evm¯’vb I Lv`¨ LiP †gvU Drcv`b e¨‡qi cÖvq 60-75% Ges Lv‡`ï ¸Yv¸Y I g~‡jï Ici jvf‡jvKmvb
†ivM `gb| wbf©i K‡i| †mRb¨ eªqjvi Lvgvi e¨ve¯’vcbvq Lv‡`ï ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| wKš‘ evm¯’v‡bi
cwi‡ek AbyK~j I Avivg`vqK bv n‡j ïay Lv`¨ w`‡q Zvi Awfó j¶¨ AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq|
†Zgwb Lvgvi †ivMgy³ bv n‡jI Zv jvfRbK n‡e bv|
wbivc` I Aviv‡g _vKvi evm¯’vb

RvqMvi bvg evm¯’vb| wbivc` I Aviv‡g _vKvi RvqMvi bvg evm¯’vb| evm¯’vb wbivc` ivL‡Z n‡j wbe©vwPZ ¯’v‡bi
Dc‡hvMx `ªe¨mvgMÖx w`‡q Zv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Soe„wó ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M mn‡R

¶wZMÖ¯’ bv nq| evm¯’v‡bi Af¨šÍixY Pvwn`v, †hgb- eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ cwigvYg‡Zv _vKvi RvqMv,
cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ, Zvc I Av‡jv Ges evqy PjvP‡ji myeë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|
GLv‡b G¸‡jv wek`fv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wPÎ 29 t eªqjvi cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx GKwU N‡ii bgybv
gv_vwcQy _vKvi RvqMv

evRviRvZ Kivi eqm ch©šÍ
cÖwZwU eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ 0.093 evRviRvZ Kivi eqm ch©šÍ cÖwZwU eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ 0.093 eM©wgUvi (1 eM©dzU) RvqMvi
eM©wgUvi RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvRb| Gfv‡e wn‡m‡e K‡i hZwU eªqjvi evRvZRvZ Kivi eqm ch©šÍ cvjb Kiv n‡e ZZUzKz
RvqMvi ìKvi n‡e| evm¯’v‡bi Rb¨ KqwU Ni jvM‡e Zv wbf©i Ki‡e eªqjv‡ii msL¨vi Ici|
G msL¨v cÖwZ mßv‡n KZwU eªqjvi evRviRvZ Kiv n‡e wKsev GK`‡ji ci Av‡iK `j
evRviRvZ Kiv n‡e wK-bv Zvi Ici wbf©i Ki‡e| GLv‡b Drcv`bKvix‡K eªqjvi Drcv`b
msL¨vi Ici wfwË K‡iB N‡ii msL¨v wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
Drcv`bKvixi cÖv_wgK g~jab Ni ˆZwi

wewb‡qv‡Mi ¶gZvi Ici wbf©i Drcv`bKvixi cÖv_wgK g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi ¶gZvi Ici wbf©i K‡i Ni wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr
K‡i Ni wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| Ni cvKv, KvuPv ev wU‡bi n‡e cvjbKvixi mvg‡_©i Ici wbf©i K‡i| Z‡e †h cÖKv‡ii mvgMÖx
w`‡qB Ni ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, GKwU K_v g‡b ivLv DwPZ †h, cÖwZwU eªqjv‡ii Drcv`b
Li‡Pi Zzjbvq Gi _vKvi RvqMvi LiP Lye mvgvb¨| eªqjv‡ii Ni ˆZwi‡Z Pv‡ji cÖK…wZ, evqy
PjvP‡ji cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †eovi cÖK…wZ Ges wjUv‡ii aib Abyhvqx †g‡S wbg©vY Kiv nq|
_vKvi N‡ii Af¨šÍixY Pvwn`v Pv‡ji cÖK…wZ

I wbg©vYmvgMÖxi Ici wbf©i _vKvi N‡ii Af¨šÍixY Pvwn`v I wbgv©YmvgMÖxi Ici wbf©i K‡i Pvj ‰Zwi Ki‡Z nq| †cvwëª
K‡i Pvj ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Lvgvi wKsev eªqjvi Lvgv‡i wbgœewY©Z Pvj ˆZwii cÖPjb Av‡Q| h_v-
K. GKK Pvjv
L. †`vPvjv ev †Mej UvBc
M. gwbUi
N. †mwg-gwbUi UvBc|
eªqjvi cvjbKv‡j G‡ì‡K †eovi cÖK…wZ

evRviRvZ Kivi eqm ch©šÍ eªqjvi cvjbKv‡j G‡ì‡K evRviRvZ Kivi eqm ch©šÍ GKB N‡i ivLv nq| wKš‘ jvjbcvj‡bi
GKB N‡i ivLv nq|
myweav‡_© cÖ_g 4 mßvn N‡ii ZvcgvÎvq 350 †m. (950 dv.) †_‡K Kgv‡Z Kgv‡Z 26.70 †m.

G (800 dv.) bvwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ †eovq †ewk duvKv RvqMv ivLv hv‡e bv| wKš‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
evZvm PjvP‡ji eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K eqm evovi mv‡_ Zvj †i‡L N‡ii †fZ‡ii
ZvcgvÎv Kwg‡q evZvm PjvPj evov‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z nq weavq †eovi D”PZvi 60% ZviRvwj
w`‡q ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq|
evZv‡m 21% Gi Kg Aw·‡Rb 0.5% Gi †ewk Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW _vK‡j Zv †cvjwUªi
¯^v‡¯’ï Dci ¶wZKi cÖfve †d‡j| mvaviYZ eªqjv‡ji N‡i evqy PjvP‡ji myweavi Rb¨ wKQy
Ask wbw”Q`ª ev k³ Ges evwK †eovi As‡k ZviRvwj ev †jvnvi i‡Wi dvuK dvuK †eov ev
Rvbvjv ivLv nq| ¯’vb ev AvenvIqvi Ici wbf©i K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq †Lvjv Ask ev dvuK †eovi
Dcwifv‡M ev wb‡Pi fv‡M ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cwi‡e‡ki ZvcgvÎv t eªqjv‡ii ev”Pv ev †h †Kv‡bv gyiwMi ev”Pv cÖwZcvj‡b cvwicvwk¦©K

cwi‡e‡ki ZvcgvÎvi h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q| mviwY 3.1 G eqm evovi m‡½ eªqjv‡ii N‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv †`qv n‡q‡Q|
mviwY 3.1 t eqm e„w×i m‡½ eªqjv‡ii N‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv
eqm (mßvn) ZvcgvÎv †m. (dv.)

cÖ_g 350 (950)
wØZxq 32.20 (900)
Z…Zxq 29.40 (850)
PZz_© 29.40 (850)
cÂg 26.70 (800)
lô-Aóg 21.10 (700)
Av‡jvK eë¯’vcbv t cÖvK…wZK ev K…wÎg †h †Kv‡bv Drm †_‡KB eªqjvi M„‡n Av‡jvi eë¯’v
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_g mßv‡n eªqjvi M„‡n Lvevi I cvwb †`Lvi Rb¨ mvivivZ Av‡jvi eë¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e| wØZxq mßvn n‡Z iv‡Zi †ejvq gv‡S gv‡S Av‡jv wbwf‡q Avevi R¡vjv‡Z n‡e Ges
Gfv‡e mvivivZ g„`y Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|
Lv`¨ eë¯’cbv t †h‡nZz †cvwëª ev eªqjvi cvj‡b †gvU Drcv`b Li‡Pi 60-65% Lv`¨ LiP
†cvwëª ev eªqjvi cvj‡b †gvU
Drcv`b Li‡Pi cÖvq 60-65% Ges Lv‡`ï ¸YMZ gv‡bi Ici Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq kvixwiK ea©b wbf©i K‡i, †mRb¨ G‡ì Lv`¨
Lv`¨ LiP| eë¯’vcbvi ¸iæZ¡ †ewk| Lv‡`ï ¸YMZ gvb, Lv`¨ msi¶‡Yi eë¯’v, Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigvY, cÖwZ
†KwR Lv‡`ï `vg, Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi `¶Zv cÖf…wZ Lv`¨ eë¯’vcbvi AšÍf©y³| Kv‡RB eªqjv‡ii
msL¨vi Ici wbf©i K‡i Lv`¨ I cvwbi cvÎ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmc‡Îi msL¨v I cwigvY wba©viY
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Lv`¨ ¸`v‡gi RvqMvi cwigvY t cÖwZwU eªqjvi 8 mßvn ch©šÍ 4 †KwR Lv`¨ Lv‡e| ZvB G
cwigvY‡K eªqjv‡ii †gvU msL¨v w`‡q ¸Y K‡i †h dj `vov‡e †miƒc Lv`¨ aviY¶gZvm¤úbœ
¸`vg ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|

†gvU Lv`¨ cv‡Îi msL¨v wbY©q t eqm‡f‡` eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ 2.5-10 †m.wg. j¤^v Lv‡`ï cvÎ ev
wdW Uªv‡di cÖ‡qvRb| Kv‡RB eq‡mi wfwË‡Z I msL¨v Abyhvqx wn‡me K‡i eªqjv‡ii N‡i
cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Lv‡`ï cvÎ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|
†gvU cvwbi cv‡Îi msL¨v wbY©q t GKBfv‡e eq‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i GKwU eªqjv‡ii Rb¨
2.5-7.5 †m.wg. j¤^vjw¤^ cvwbi cv‡Îi RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| mvaviYfv‡e †`Lv hvq wbw`©ó
RvqMvq wbw`©ó msL¨K eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ †gvU Lv‡`ï cv‡Îi A‡a©K msL¨K cvwbi cvÎ n‡jB
Pj‡e|


K. cÖwZwU eªqjvi 8 mßv‡n KZUzKz Lv`¨ Lv‡e?
i) 4.0 †KwR
ii) 4.2 †KwR
iii) 4.3 †KwR
iv) 4.5 †KwR
L. eªqjv‡ii N‡i cÖ_g 4 mßv‡n ZvcgvÎv KZ wWMÖx †m. †_‡K KZ wWMÖx †m. G
bvgv‡Z n‡e?
i) 350 †_‡K 26.70 †m.
ii) 340 †m. †_‡K 260 †m.
iii) 300 †m. †_‡K 260 †m.
iv) 300 †m. †_‡K 26.70 †m.
2| mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Gis wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ wjLyb|

K. evRviRvZ Kivi c~e© ch©šÍ cÖwZwU eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ 0.093 eM©wgUvi RvqMvi
cÖ‡qvRb nq|
L. eqm‡f‡` eªqjv‡ii Rb¨ 5.0-12.5 †m.wg. j¤^v Lv‡`ï cv‡Îi cÖ‡qvRb|

K. Lv`¨ LiP †gvU Drcv`b Li‡Pi cÖvq ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯|
L. eªqjvi ev”Pv cvj‡b cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q|

K. eªqjvi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi wZbwU †gŠwjK Pvwn`v Kx?
L. evZv‡m Kx cwigvY Aw·‡Rb I Kve©Y-WvB-A·vBW _vK‡j Zv †cvwëªi ¯^v‡¯’ï
Dci wKiƒc cÖfve †d‡j?

cvV 3.3 wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi cwiKíbv I ¯’vcb

wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi (layer farm) ¯’vc‡bi cwiKíbv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
wWgcvov gyiwMi GKwU Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi cÖKí ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cwiKíbv
†h †Kv‡bv Lvgvi cwiKíbv A_©‰bwZK jv‡fi Rb¨ Kiv nq| ZvB wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi
cwiKíbvi †ejvqI wbgœewY©Z welqmg~n wPšÍv K‡i Lvgvi ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v-
1. g~ja‡bi Drm Kx? wb‡Ri UvKv bv e¨vsK F‡Yi UvKv?
†h †Kv‡bv Lvgvi cwiKíbv 2. Avcbvi Lvgvi n‡Z evwl©K KZ UvKv jvf Ki‡Z Pvb Zv w¯’i Ki‡Z n‡e|
A_©‰bwZK jv‡fi Rb¨ Kiv 3. Avcbvi w¯’wiK…Z cwigvY UvKv gybvdv Ki‡Z n‡j LvgviRvZ `ªe¨ n‡Z kZKiv 10-12 UvKv
nq|
jv‡fi nv‡i †gvU KZ UvKv Avq Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. eZ©gvb evRvi `‡i KZ¸‡jv wWg wewµ Ki‡j Avcwb G wbw`©ó cwigvY UvKv Avq Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb Zv wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e| GKwU D`vniY w`‡j welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡e| †hgb-
evwl©K M‡o 70-75% nv‡i Lvevi wWg ev Awbwl³ wWg Drcv`b Ges 60-65% nv‡i ev”Pv
dzUv‡bv ev wbwl³ wWg Drcv`b a‡i, cÖwZwU wWg M‡o 2.50 - 3.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e wewµ a‡i
eQi †k‡l 88% gyiwM my¯^v¯’¨ wb‡q †eu‡P _vK‡e; Avi evwK cyiv‡bv gyiwM wewµ K‡i I
Drcv`b LiP ev‡` 10-12% jvf _vK‡e G wn‡me K‡i cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
wW‡gi eënvi Abyhvqx 5. wW‡gi eënvi Abyhvqx wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi `ycÖKvi| h_v-
wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi • wbwl³ ev ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi
`ycÖKvi| h_v- ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi • Awbwl³ ev Lvevi wWg Drcv`b Lvgvi
wWg I Lvevi wWg Drcv`b
Lvgvi| Avcwb †Kvb& ai‡bi Lvgvi ˆZwi Ki‡eb Zv wVK Kiæb| hw` ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`b
K‡ib Zvn‡j Avcwb `yiKg ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| h_v-
• ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi
• Lvevi wWg Drcv`‡bi Lvgvi
Avevi †Lvmvi iO Abyhvqx Dc‡ii `yiKg D‡Ï‡kï Rb¨B Avcwb-
• mv`v †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix ev ev`vwg †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix gyiwMi Lvgvi
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
6. mv`v ev ev`vwg †Lvmvi Lvevi wWg ev ev”Pv dzUv‡bvi wWg Drcv`bKvix gyiwM ev ev”Pv
†Kv_vq cv‡eb, Avcwb †m¸‡jv Avb‡Z cvi‡eb wK-bv †m e¨vcv‡iI wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e|
Dc‡iv³ welqmg~‡n wPšÍvfvebv K‡i Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Kv‡R nvZ w`‡Z n‡e|
Lvgvi ¯’vcb I cwiPvjbvi Lvgvi ¯’vcb I cwiPvjbvi LiP

LiP `yB Lv‡Z wef³| h_v- Lvgvi ¯’vcb I cwiPvjbvi LiP `yB Lv‡Z wef³| h_v-
¯’vqx LiP I AveZ©K ev Pjgvb K) ¯’vqx LiP
ev PjwZ LiP|
L) AveZ©K ev Pjgvb ev PjwZ LiP
K) ¯’vqx LiP
¯’vqx Li‡Pi LvZIqvix wn‡me wbgœiƒc-
• Lvgvi GjvKvfz³ Rwgi g~j¨|

• gyiwMi M„nvqY eë¯’veve` LiP|

• g¨v‡bRv‡ii Awdm, wWg msi¶YvMvi, Lv`¨ ¸`vg, Lv`¨ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ wRwbmcÎ ivLvi ¯’vb,
kªwgK‡ì wekªvg Ni, Amy¯’ I g„Z gyiwM ivLvi RvqMv wbg©vYeve` LiP|
• AvmevecÎ I hvbevnb µqeve` LiP|
L) AveZ©K LiP
AveZ©K Li‡P wbgœewY©Z LvZmg~n AšÍf©y³| h_v-
• wbwl³ wWg ev wW‡gi Rb¨ cÖRbb¶g cy‡jU I KK‡i‡ji g~j¨, Awbwl³ ev LvIqvi wWg
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ DbœZgv‡bi cy‡j‡Ui g‚j¨ (nvBweªW)|
• mylg Lv‡`ï g~j¨|
• wUKv Ges cÖwZ‡laK Ilyac‡Îi g~j¨|
• Lvgvi cwiPvjbvq Rbe‡ji †eZbfvZv LiP|
• cwienY I hvZvqvZ LiP|
• g~ja‡bi my`|
• wW‡cÖwm‡qmb ev AcPq LiP|
• †givgZ LiP|
• we`y¨r I cvwbi wejeve` LiP|
• GWfviUvBwRs ev weÁvcb e¨q|
• bó ev ev` hvIqv wW‡gi g~j¨|
• Amy¯’ ev g„Z gyiwMi g~j¨|
Lvgv‡ii Avq
Ab¨w`‡K wWgcvov gyiwM n‡Z Av‡qi LvZIqvix wn‡me wbgœiƒc-
• wWg wewµeve` Avq|
• Drcv`b †k‡l RxweZ gyiwMi wewµZ g~j¨|
• weôv ev mv‡ii g~j¨|
• cyi‡bv ev A‡K‡Rv wRwbmcÎ wewµeve` Avq|
Lvgvi ¯’vcb
¯’vqx LiP
1. wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwgi g~j¨, Lvgv‡i hZ¸‡jv gyiwM ivLv n‡e Zv‡ì Rb¨ N‡ii RvqMvmn
¸`vg, Awdm, wWg ivLvi RvqMv †i‡L †h cwigvY Rwg jvM‡e Zvi g~j¨| GjvKv Abyhvqx cÖwZ
weNv Rwgi g~j¨ Kg‡ewk n‡e|
cÖRvwZ ev †÷ªBb Abyhvqx 2. cÖRvwZ ev †÷ªBb Abyhvqx hZ¸‡jv gyiwM ivLv n‡e Zv‡ì †gvU RvqMvi cwigvY wn‡me K‡i
hZ¸‡jv gyiwM ivLv n‡e Zv‡ì Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| mv`v †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ 0.28 eM©wgUvi (3
†gvU RvqMvi cwigvY wn‡me eM©dzU) RvqMv Ges ev`vwg †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix gyiwMi Rb¨ 0.37 eM©wgUvi (4 eM©dzU)
K‡i Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
RvqMv wn‡me K‡i _vKvi Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme gyiwM wjUvi ev LvuPvq †h †Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z
cvjb Kiv hvq| LvuPv‡Z cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ 43 eM© †m.wg. RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Kv‡RB G
wn‡m‡e LvuPv ˆZwi Kiv nq| LvuPvi mvwi j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e GK mvwi ev GKUvi Dci Av‡iKUv †i‡L
3/4 mvwi Kiv hvq| Avevi wmwoi g‡Zv K‡i mvwR‡q Dfq cv‡k¦©I mvwi Kiv hvq|

wPÎ 30 t 48wU †jqvi gyiwM cvj‡bi Dc‡hvMx LuvPv
N‡ii Pvjv t N‡ii Pvjv c~‡e©i cv‡V (cvV 3.2) Av‡jvwPZ eªqjv‡ii N‡ii Abyiƒc n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡e‡k †`vPvjv ev †Mej UvBc PvjB gyiwMi Rb¨ †ewk Avivg`vqK|
†eovi bgybv t eªqjvi N‡ii †eovi g‡Zv †jqv‡ii N‡ii †eovi D”PZvi 1/3 Ask k³ †`qvj,
KvV ev evu‡ki PvUvB w`‡q c~Y© K‡i evZvm PjvP‡ji Rb¨ ZviRvwj ev evu‡ki PwU w`‡q
AvovAvwofv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †ewk evZvm ev †ewk kxZ n‡Z gyiwM‡K i¶vi Rb¨ †eovi
dvuKv Ask cÖ‡qvR‡b †X‡K †`qvi Rb¨ cwjw_b ev P‡Ui c`©vi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
†g‡Si cÖK…wZ t wjUvi c×wZ‡Z cvjb Ki‡j gyiwMi N‡ii †g‡S cvKv n‡j fv‡jv nq| KuvPv
wjUvi c×wZ‡Z cvjb Ki‡j
gyiwMi N‡ii †g‡S cvKv n‡j †g‡Si †¶‡Î k³ Gu‡Uj gvwUi †g‡S n‡jI Pj‡e| Z‡e G ai‡bi †g‡S el©vKv‡j müvZmüv‡Z
fv‡jv nq| n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| ïK‡bv evwji †g‡Si †¶‡Î el©vKv‡j mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
• GQvovI g¨v‡bRv‡ii Awdm Ni ˆZwii LiP cÖwZ eM©dzU (0.093 eM©wgUvi) wn‡m‡e †gvU
g~j¨|
• wWg msi¶‡Yi Ni ˆZwi LiP cÖwZ eM©dzU (0.093 eM©wgUvi) wn‡m‡e †gvU g~j¨|
• Lv`¨ ¸`vg ˆZwii LiP- gyiwMi msL¨v Abymv‡i cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ ‰`wbK 110-120 MÖvg
Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb wn‡m‡e Kgc‡¶ 2 gv‡mi Lv`¨ msi¶YvMvi ˆZwii LiP|
• weôv ev mvi ivLvi ¯’vb wbg©v‡Yi LiP|
• g„Z gyiwM cywo‡q †djv ev cvKv M‡Z© †d‡j w`‡q XvKbv w`‡q †X‡K ivLvi ¯’vb wbgv©Yeve`
LiP|
• hvbevnb †Kbveve` LiP|
AveZ©K LiP
K. gyiwM msµvšÍ LiP-
• GKw`b eq‡mi †jqv‡ii ev”Pv ev wWgcvovi m¤¢vebvgq cy‡jU µ‡qi LiP|
• Lv`¨ LiP- gv_vwcQy 110-120 MÖvg a‡i|
• wjUvi †Kbveve` LiP|
• LvuPvq gyiwM cvjb Ki‡j †g‡S cvKv n‡jB fv‡jv|

L. Ni ˆZwii mvRmviÄvg wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v-

• evuk, wUb ev wePvjx|
• gvwUi Ni|
• BU, wm‡g›U ev cvKv `vjvb Ni|
M. Ni ˆZwii mvRmiÄvg Abyhvqx cÖwZ eM©dzU Ni ˆZwii LiP, Zv †hfv‡eB Ni ˆZwi Kiv †nvK
bv †Kb cÖwZ eM©dzU (0.093 eM©wgUvi) wn‡m‡e LiP a‡i N‡ii †gvU LiP †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
N. AvmevecÎ µq ev ˆZwieve` LiP-
• Lvevi cv‡Îi `vg|
• cvwbi cv‡Îi `vg|
• wWg cvovi ev‡·i `vg|
• wWg ivLvi Szwo †Kbvi Rb¨ LiP|
• wWg evQvB I QvUvB LiP- hZ¸‡jv wWg wewµi Abychy³ n‡jv Zvi g~j¨|
• wUKv I Ilyac‡Îi LiP|
• Lv`¨ msMÖn, wWg evRviRvZKiY I wWgcvov †k‡l gyiwM wewµi Rb¨ cwienY LiP|
• wewfbœ Kv‡R g¨v‡bRv‡ii hvZvqvZ LiP|
O. Lvgv‡ii Rbkw³i LiP
• g¨v‡bRv‡ii evwl©K †eZbfvZv|
• Awdm ÷v‡di evwl©K †eZbfvZv|
• kªwgK‡ì evwl©K †eZbfvZv|
GQvovI g~ja‡bi Dci evwl©K my` (e¨vsK F‡Yi †¶‡Î), Rwgev‡` ¯’vqx Li‡Pi AcP‡qi kZKiv
nvi BZ¨vw`| Gfv‡e hZ LiP nq me †hvM K‡i evwl©K LiP/†gvU Li‡Pi wn‡me ivL‡Z n‡e|
evwl©K Avq-
• wWg wewµ- evwl©K M‡o 70-75% nv‡i Drcv`b a‡i eZ©gvb evRvi `‡i wW‡gi †gvU g~j¨|
• kZKiv 88wU gyiwMi my¯^v¯’¨ wb‡q †eu‡P _vKvi ¶gZv Av‡Q G wn‡m‡e wWgcvov †k‡l
eZ©gvb evRvi `‡i †gvU g~j¨|
• cÖwZwU gyiwM †_‡K eQ‡i 30 †KwR weôv cvIqv hv‡e Gfv‡e wn‡me K‡i eZ©gvb evRvi `‡i
†gvU weôv ev mv‡ii g~j¨|
• A‡K‡Rv AvmevecÎ wewµeve` †gvU Avq|
Gfv‡e †gvU Avq †_‡K †gvU e¨q ev` w`‡q cÖK…Z jvf‡jvKmvb wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e|


K. LuvPv c×wZ‡Z cvj‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ KZUzKz RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb nq?
i) 437 eM© †m.wg.
ii) 442 eM© †m.wg.
iii) 452 eM© †m.wg.
iv) 462 eM© †m.wg.
L. cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ ˆ`wbK KZUzKz Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb aiv nq?

i) 100-105 MÖvg
ii) 105-110 MÖvg
iii) 110-120 MÖvg
iv) 115-120 MÖvg

K. †gvU Avq †_‡K †gvU e¨q ev` w`‡q cÖK…Z jvf‡jvKmvb wn‡me Ki‡Z nq|
L. evZvm ev kxZ †_‡K gyiwM‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ cwjw_b ev P‡Ui c`©vi eë¯’v
Ki‡Z nq|

K. wW‡gi eënvi Abyhvqx wWgcvov gyiwMi Lvgvi ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯|
L. ïK‡bv evwji †g‡Si †¶‡Î ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i|

K. Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Li‡Pi cÖavb `y‡Uv Lv‡Zi bvg Kx?
L. ev`vwg †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix gyiwMi Rb¨ KZUzKz RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb?

cvV 3.4 Lvgv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b KvRKg©

• Lvgv‡ii g¨v‡bRv‡ii ˆ`bw›`b `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
• Lvgv‡ii GKRb kªwgK‡K Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
g¨v‡bRv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨

Lvgv‡ii g¨v‡bRvi ev eë¯’vc‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ wbgœiƒc-
• m~h© DVvi Av‡M Lvgv‡i Mgb|
• cÖwZ N‡i Av‡jvKvq‡bi Ae¯’v wbix¶Y|
• mKv‡ji Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kªwgK nvwRiv wbix¶Y|
• h_vm¤¢e me Ni cÖ`w¶Y K‡i gyiwMi ¯^v‡¯’ï Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y|
• kªwgK‡ì mvnv‡h¨ g„Z, `ye©j I †ivMvµvšÍ gyiwM wbw`©ó RvqMvq AcmviY|
• cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i Lvevi cvÎ, cvwbi cvÎ ch©‡e¶Y Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv Z`viKx
Kiv|
• Lv`¨ ¸`vg Ly‡j w`‡q wbw`©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ mieivn wbwðZKiY|
mKv‡ji KvR †kl K‡i bv¯Ív Kivi Rb¨ GK-†ò N›Uv weiwZ| weiwZi ci Awd‡m G‡m
g¨v‡bRvi‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸‡jv mvi‡Z n‡e-
• mKvj 10:00-12:00 Uvi g‡a¨ Awd‡mi KvR mgvß|
• `ycyi 12:00 Uvq gyiwMi N‡i wM‡q wWg cvovi Ae¯’v Ae‡jvKb Ges wWg msMÖnKvix
kªwgK‡ì KvR ch©‡e¶Y|
• cÖ_gevi (`ycyi †ejvq) †gvU KZwU wWg msMÖn n‡jv Zvi wn‡me †bqv|
• `ycy‡ii wekªvg|
• †ejv 2:00 Uvq Avevi gyiwMi N‡i Lv`¨ mieivn ch©‡e¶Y †k‡l Awd‡mi Kv‡R †hvM`vb|
• we‡Kj 4:00 Uvq wØZxqevi wWg msMÖ‡ni cwigvY †`‡L Hw`‡b †gvU KZwU wWg Drcvw`Z
n‡jv Zv wn‡m‡ei LvZvq wjwce×KiY|
• we‡Kj cuvPUvq evwo hvIqvi Av‡M cÖ‡Z¨K kªwgK‡ì wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri wn‡me MÖnY I gyiwMi
N‡i wM‡q gyiwMi kvixwiK Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY|
• Av‡jvKvq‡bi Ae¯’v wVK Av‡Q wK-bv Zv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i evwo Mgb|
kªwg‡Ki KvR
†cvwëª Lvgv‡i GKRb kªwg‡Ki KvR wbgœiƒc-
• mKv‡j Lvgv‡i G‡m wb‡Ri cwiwnZ Kvco e`wj‡q Lvgv‡i Kv‡Ri wbw`©©ó †cvlvK aviY|
• wba©vwiZ gyiwMi N‡i wM‡q g„Z ev Amy¯’ ev `ye©j gyiwM evQvBKiY|
• mvevb w`‡q nvZgyL ay‡q Lvevi cvÎ, cvwbi cvÎ cÖf…wZ cwi®‹viKiY|
• Lv`¨ ¸`vg n‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K Lv`¨ cv‡Î Lv`¨ Ges cvwbi cv‡Î wbw`©ó cwigvY weï× cvwb
mieivnKiY|
• `ycyi eviUvq kªwgK wb‡R ev wWg msMÖnKvix kªwgK‡ì m‡½ †_‡K Zvi N‡ii wWg D‡Ëvjb
Ki‡eb|
• wWg msMÖn I Rgv †`qvi ci wekªvg|
• †ejv 2:00 Uvq Avevi gyiwMi Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivnKiY|
• we‡Kj 4:00 Uvq wØZxqevi wWg msMÖn|
• cÖ‡qvR‡b A_ev Amyweav †`Lv w`‡j g¨v‡bRv‡ii `„wó AvKl©Y|

wPÎ 31 t †jqvi Lvgv‡i wWg msMªn
• we‡Kj 5.00Uvq iv‡Zi cvnvov`v‡ii Lvgv‡i AvMgY I cÖ‡Z¨K N‡i gyiwMi Ae¯’v `k©b|
• N‡ii ìRvi Zvjv wVKg‡Zv AvUKv‡bv Av‡Q wK-bv Zv wbwðZKiY|


K. g¨v‡bRvi cÖwZw`b KLb Lvgv‡i hvb?
i) m~h© IVvi Av‡M
ii) m~h© IVvi c‡i
iii) †ejv 9t00 Uvq
iv) †ejv 8t00 Uvq
L. wØZxqevi KLb wWg msMÖn Kiv nq?

i) †ejv 3t00 Uvq
ii) †ejv 3t30 Uvq
iii) †ejv 4t00 Uvq
iv) †ejv 5t00 Uvq

K. g¨v‡bRvi evwo hvIqvi c~‡e© Lvgv‡ii Av‡jvKvq‡bi Ae¯’v hvPvB K‡ib bv|
L. †ejv 1:00 Uvq gyiwMi N‡i Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq|

K. g¨v‡bRvi mKvj ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯g‡a¨ Awd‡mi KvR mgvß K‡ib|
L. wWg ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ I ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ †`qvi ci kªwgK wekªvg †bb|

K. Lv`¨ ¸`vg Ly‡j w`‡q g¨v‡bRvi Kx K‡ib?
L. kªwgK Lvevi cvÎ, cvwbi cvÎ cÖf…wZ cwi®‹vi Kivi c~‡e© Kx K‡ib?

eënvwiK
cvV 3.5 eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii cÖKí cÖ¯‘ZKiY
• eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU cÖKí ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii cÖKí cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Rb¨ wbgœewY©Z welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e wPšÍvfvebv K‡i
wbb| h_v-
1. g~jab t g~ja‡bi Ae¯’v Kx, Avcbvi wb‡Ri UvKv Av‡Q bv-wK Zv e¨vsK †_‡K FY Ki‡Z
n‡e? KviY g~jab Ges evRviRvZKi‡Yi myweavi Ici wfwË K‡iB Avcwb cÖwZw`b, cÖwZ
mßv‡n ev cÖwZ gv‡m ev cÖwZ `ygv‡m ev cÖwZeQi KZ e¨vP eªqjvi wewµ Ki‡eb Zv wVK
Ki‡eb|
2. 1 bs G ewY©Z mgq Q‡K Avcwb Kx cwigvY eªqjvi wewµ Ki‡eb Zvi Ici wbf©i K‡i
Avcbvi Lvgvi ¯’vc‡bi Rwg, eªqjv‡ii _vKvi N‡ii AvKvi I msL¨v, cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv‡`ï
cwigvY Abymv‡i ¸`v‡gi eë¯’v, cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ cvÎ, cvwbi cvÎ, eªæwWs hš¿cvwZ, Lvgvi
cwiPvjbvi †jvKR‡bi Rb¨ Awdmmn Ab¨vb¨ myweavmg~n Ges Zv‡ì †eZbfvZv, evm¯’vb
cÖf…wZi LiP †hvMvo Kiæb|
3. hw` RxešÍ eªqjvi wn‡m‡e GKmv‡_ wewµ Kiv bv hvq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì cÖwµqvRvZ (process)
K‡i wewµi eë¯’vq Avbymw½K Li‡Pi K_vI we‡ePbvq Avbyb|
4. eªqjvi cvj‡b Avcbvi cQ›`g‡Zv RvZ/DcRvZ ev †÷ªBb mn‡R myjf g~‡j¨ cvIqv hv‡e
wK-bv †mw`KUvqI bRi w`b|
5. mylg Lv`¨ b¨vh¨g~‡j¨ mviveQi msMÖn Kiv hv‡e wK-bv †m e¨vcv‡i wPšÍv Kiæb|
axifv‡e VvÛv gv_vq G welq¸‡jv wPšÍvfvebv K‡i cÖK‡íi Kv‡R nvZ w`b|
cÖKí bgybv cÖwZ mßv‡n 500 eªqjvi Drcv`b cÖKí
¯’vqx LiP
K. Lvgv‡ii Rwg µq-
cÖwZ GKi 1 jvL UvKv wn‡m‡e 0.75 GK‡ii g~j¨ = 75,000.00
L. AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY-
i. eªqjvi Ni- cÖwZ eM©dzU (0.093 eM©wgUvi) 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e
500 eM©dzU (46.48 eM©wgUvi) AvKv‡ii 9wU wU‡bi N‡ii g~j¨ = 9,00,000.00
ii. g¨v‡bRv‡ii K¶- cÖwZ eM©dzU 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e 12 dzU × 10
dzU = 120 eM©dz‡Ui (11.15 eM©wgUvi) wU‡bi Pvj, †`qvj,
†g‡S cvKvmn g~j¨ = 24,000.00
iii. Awdm K¶- cÖwZ eM©dzU 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e 20 dzU × 15 dzU
= 130 eM©dy‡Ui (12.08 eM©wgUvi) g~j¨ = 26,000.00
iv. mvaviY ¸`vg- cÖwZ eM©dzU 150 UvKv wn‡m‡e 15 dzU × 10
dzU = 150 eM©dz‡Ui (13.94 eM©wgUvi) g~j¨ = 22,500.00

v. Lv`¨ ¸`vg- cÖwZ eM©dzU 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e 30 dzU × 20

dzU = 600 eM©dy‡Ui (55.77 eM©wgUvi) g~j¨ = 1,20,000.00
vi. kªwgK K¶- cÖwZ eM©dzU 200 UvKv wn‡m‡e 12 dzU × 10 dzU
= 120 eM©dy‡Ui g~j¨ = 24,000.00
vii. weôv msi¶Y ¯’vb- gvwmK 3 †KwR wn‡m‡e eQ‡i 15.5 U‡bi = 10,000.00
g~j¨
me©‡gvU = 2,01500.00
M. hš¿cvwZ
i. evj¦ ev wnUvi eªæWvi- cÖwZwU 5000 UvKv wn‡m‡e 10wUi (1wU
Avc`Kvjxbmn) g~j¨ = 50,000.00
ii. _v‡g©vwgUvi- 1wU Avc`Kvjxbmn †gvU 5wUi (cÖwZ N‡i gvÎ
3/4 mßvn eënvi) g~j¨ = 600.00
iii. nvB‡WªvwgUvi- cÖwZwU 500 UvKv wn‡m‡e 10wUi (1wU
Avc`Kvjxbmn) g~j¨ = 5000.00
iv. Lv`¨ cvÎ-
4 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ cÖwZw`‡bi Rb¨ 2.5 †m.wg. RvqMv a‡i
†gvU 56wU Lv`¨ cv‡Îi g~j¨ (cÖwZwU 100 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 5,600.00
5-8 mßvn ch©šÍ cÖwZwU 7.5 †m.wg. a‡i 12.5 †m.wg. j¤^v
100wU cv‡Îi g~j¨ (cÖwZwU 125 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 12,500.00
v. cvwbi cvÎ-
4 mßvn ch©šÍ 28wUi g~j¨ (Lv`¨ cv‡Îi A‡a©K msL¨v) = 2800.00
5-8 mßvn ch©šÍ 50wUi g~j¨ (cÖwZwU 100 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 5000.00
†gvU = 81,500.00
N. AvmevecÎ
†Pqvi, †Uwej, Avjgvwi, dvBj †Kwe‡bU, †iK BZ¨vw` µqeve`
LiP = 20,000.00
me©‡gvU ¯’vqx e¨vq = K+L+M+N

= 75,000.00+11,26,500.00+81,500.00+20,000.00 = 13,30,000.00
2. Ave©ZK ev PjwZ LiP (8 mßvn Pµ)

i. ev”Pvi g~j¨- cÖwZ e¨v‡P 510wU ev”Pv (2% g„Zy¨ nvimn) wn‡m‡e
Ges cÖwZwUi g~j¨ 16 UvKv a‡i 8 e¨v‡Pi †gvU 40,080wU
ev”Pvi †gvU g~j¨ = 65,280.00
ii. Lv`¨ LiP- 4000 eªqjv‡ii 8 mßv‡ni Lv‡`ï g~j¨ (cÖwZ
eªqjvi 4 †KwR wn‡m‡e †gvU 1600 †KwR Ges cÖwZ †KwR 100
UvKv wnmv‡e) = 1,60,000.00
iii. Rbkw³eve` LiP-
• g¨v‡bRv‡ii †eZb- gvwmK 4000 UvKv wn‡m‡e (2 gvm) = 8,000.00
• Awdm K¬v‡K©i †eZb- gvwmK 2500 UvKv wn‡m‡e (2 gvm) = 5,000.00
• 5 Rb kªwg‡Ki †gvU †eZb- RbcÖwZ gvwmK 1000 UvKv wn‡m‡e
(2 gvm) = 10,000.00

iv. wjUvi µqeve` LiP- cÖwZ e¨v‡P 10 e¯Ív K‡i †gvU 80 e¯Ívi
g~j¨ (cÖwZ e¯Ív 25 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 2,000.00
v. we`y¨r LiP = 2,000.00
vi. cÖwZ‡laK µqeve` LiP = 1,000.0
vii. cwienY LiP = 2,000.00
viii. Ab¨vb¨ LiP = 720.00
†gvU = 2,56,000.00
3. AcPq LiP (Depreciation cost)

K. eªqjvi Ni, Awdm, ¸`vg BZ¨vwève` 11,26,500.00 UvKvi
Dci evwl©K 2% nv‡i my` (Rwgi `v‡gi Dci †Kv‡bv AcPq
LiP nq bv) = 22,530.00
L. hš¿cvwZ I Avmevec‡Îi `v‡gi Ici (evwl©K 10% nv‡i)
A_©vr 98,900.00 UvKvi Ici 10% nv‡i my` = 9890.00
M. g~ja‡bi Ici my` (evwl©K 13% nv‡i ) = 2,06,180.00
1 eQ‡ii AcPq LiP = 2,38,600.00
8 e¨v‡Pi Rb¨ 8 mßv‡n †gvU e¨q

K. AveZ©K LiP = 2,56,000.00
L. AcPq LiP = 39,767.00
me©‡gvU e¨vq = 295,767.00
Avq
K. 4000 RxešÍ eªqjvi wewµeve` Avq- cÖwZwU 2 †KwR a‡i
Ges cÖwZ †KwR 60 UvKv wn‡m‡e = 5,60,000.00
L. †cvwëª weôv wewµeve` Avq- cÖwZwU eªqjvi †_‡K 2.5 †KwR
wn‡m‡e wn‡m‡e 2 gv‡m- 20000 †KwR ev 20 †gwUªK Ub
(cÖwZ †gwUªK Ub 500 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 10,000.00
†gvU Avq = 5,70,000.00
8 mßv‡ni cÖK…Z jvf = Avq-e¨vq = 5,70,000.00-2,95,767.00 = 2,74,233.00
AZGe cÖwZ gv‡mi jvf = 2,74,233.00 ÷ 2 = 1,37,116.50

eënvwiK
cvV 3.6 wWgcvov gyiwM Lvgv‡ii GKwU cÖKí cÖ¯‘ZKiY
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb−
wWgcvov ev †jqvi Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU cÖKí nv‡ZKj‡g ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c`‡¶c 1
Lvgv‡ii aib/†kªYx/UvBc/êwkó¨
i) ev`vwg †Lvmvi wWg Drcv`bKvix Lvgvi|
ii) ˆ`wbK wWg Drcv`b- 500wU evRviRvZ Kivi Dc‡hvMx wWg|
iii) ˆ`wbK cÖK…Z wWg Drcv`b- 510wU (¸Yv¸Y wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ 2% wWg evQvB‡qi mgq ev`
hv‡e)|
iv) gyiwMi Suv‡K mviveQi ˆ`wbK wWg Drcv`‡bi nvi 75% ai‡Z n‡e|
v) wWg Drcv`bKvj- Drcv`b ïiæ nIqv †_‡K GK eQi ch©šÍ (KviI KviI g‡Z Drcv`b
nvi 10% G †cuŠQvi mgq n‡Z GK eQi)|
vi) gyiwM¸‡jvi my¯^v¯’¨ wb‡q †eu‡P _vKvi ¶gZv M‡o evwl©K 88% ev M‡o evwl©K g„Zz¨nvi
12% ai‡Z n‡e|
viii) cy‡jU M„nvq‡Yi eqm- 1w`b A_ev 15-16 mßvn eq‡mi cy‡jU| aiæb, G cÖK‡íi
cy‡j‡Ui eqm 16 mßvn|
c`‡¶c 2
¯’vqx LiP
1. _vKvi RvqMv ev _vKvi Ni
K. wjUvi c×wZ
wjUvi eë¯’vcbvq ev †g‡S cvjb c×wZ‡Z 680wU cy‡j‡Ui Rb¨ 259.25 eM©wgUvi (2380
eM©dzU) AvKv‡ii 1wU N‡i 32.40 eM©wgUvi (297.5 eM©dzU) AvKv‡ii 8wU K¶ ˆZwi Kiæb|
A_ev 129.62 eM©wgUvi (1190 eM©dzU) AvKv‡ii 2wU Ni ˆZwi Kiæb| cÖwZwU Ni 32.40
eM©wgUvi (297.5 eM©dzU) AvKv‡ii 4wU K‡¶ fvM Kiæb| cÖwZwU K‡¶ 96wU cy‡jU ivLyb|
N‡ii cÖK…wZ I AvK…wZ t †g‡S cvKv; Pvjv wU‡bi (G. I. sheet), †`vPvjv (gable type), †eov
†g‡SmsjMœ 60-75 †m.wg. (2.0-2.5 dzU) wUb A_ev B‡Ui †`qv‡ji Dci 120-135 †m.wg.
(4.0-4.5 dzU) ZviRvwj A_ev †jvnvi wMÖj w`‡q ˆZwi Kiæb| ìRv KvV ev †jvnvi †d«‡g KvV
ev wUb w`‡q ˆZwi Kiæb| cÖwZ eM©wgUv‡ii ˆZwi LiP 1,500.00 UvKv Ges N‡ii Rb¨ †gvU
LiP = 3,74,875.00 UvKv|
L. LuvPv c×wZ
cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ RvqMvi cwigvY 437 eM© †mw›UwgUvi| GKm‡½ cÖwZ BDwbU LuvPvq gyiwM
ivLvi msL¨v 5wU| cÖwZ BDwbU LvuPvi AvKvi 218 eM© †mw›UwgUvi| 680wU gyiwMi LvuPvi BDwbU
msL¨v 136| cÖwZ BDwbU LvuPvi `vg 500.00 UvKv| LvuPv ¯’vc‡bi N‡ii AvKvi 113 eM©wgUvi|
cÖwZ eM©wgUvi Ni ˆZwii LiP 1500.00 UvKv Ges †gvU Ni ˆZwii LiP 68,000.00 UvKv|

LvuPvmn gyiwMi Ni ˆZwii LiP

K) LvuPveve` LiP = 68,000.00
L) Nieve` LiP = 1,69,500.00
†gvU UvKv = 2,37,500.00
2. LvIqvi RvqMv (Feeding space)

K. hw` j¤^v Lvevi cv‡Î (feed trough) Lv`¨ †`qv nq Zvn‡j cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ 10 wjwbqvi
†mw›UwgUvi (4 wjwbqvi BwÂ) LvIqvi RvqMv jvM‡e| cÖwZwU Lvevi cvÎ hw` ˆ`‡N©¨ 107
†m.wg. (3.5 dzU), cÖ‡¯’ 15 †m.wg. (6 BwÂ), MfxiZvq 15 †m.wg. (6 BwÂ) nq Zvn‡j
cÖwZwU Lv`¨ cv‡Î 21wU gyiwM GKm‡½ †L‡Z cvi‡e| Giƒc †gvU cvÎ jvM‡e 32wU|
wbg©vYmvgMÖx KvV ev wUb e‡j cÖwZwUi wbg©vY LiP co‡e AvbygvwbK 250.00 UvKv| †gvU
LiP co‡e 6,500.00 UvKv|
L. hw` SzjšÍ cvÎ (hanging feeder) nq Zvn‡j cÖwZ cv‡Î Lv‡e 12wU gyiwM| AZGe †gvU
cv‡Îi msL¨v n‡e 56wU| cÖwZwUi g~j¨ 200.00 UvKv K‡i ai‡j †gvU g~j¨ co‡e
11,200.00 UvKv|
3. cvwbi cv‡Îi RvqMv (Drinker space or Waterer space)

K. hw` j¤^v cvÎ nq Zvn‡j cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ 10 wjwbqvi †m.wg. (4 wj.B.) Ges hw` cÖwZwU
cvÎ ˆ`‡N©¨ 107 †m.wg. (3.5 dzU), cÖ‡¯’ 15 †m.wg. (6 B.) Ges MfxiZvq 15 †mwg. (6
BwÂ) nq Zvn‡j cÖwZwU cv‡Î 24wU gyiwM cvwb cvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e (Lv`¨ LvIqvi g‡Zv
û‡ovûwo K‡i bv e‡j †ewk msL¨vq cvb Ki‡Z cvi‡e)| AZGe, †gvU cv‡Îi msL¨v 28wU
(cÖwZ K‡¶ 4wU K‡i)| wbg©vYmvgMÖx w÷j †c−U ev wUb n‡j Ges cÖwZwUi g~j¨ 300.00 UvKv
ai‡j †gvU LiP 8400 UvKv co‡e|
L. SzjšÍ cvwbi cvÎ (hanging drinker) n‡j cÖwZwU‡Z cvb Ki‡e 24wU gyiwM| GLv‡bI †gvU
cv‡Îi msL¨v 28wU (cÖwZ N‡i 4wU K‡i)| cÖwZwU 200.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvU LiP co‡e
5600.00 UvKv|
4. wWg cvvovi RvqMv

K. †g‡S ev wjUv‡i cvjb c×wZ‡Z cÖwZ 5wU gyiwMi Rb¨ 1wU K‡i wWgcvovi evmv mieivn
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU evmv ˆ`‡N¨© 30 †m.wg. (1 dzU), cÖ‡¯’ 30 †m.wg. (1 dzU) I MfxiZvq
45 †m.wg. (1.5 dzU) n‡j †gvU evmv jvM‡e 136wU|
5. evmv mvRv‡bvi ÷vBj

K. wjUvi c×wZ t G c×wZ‡Z j¤^vjw¤^fv‡e A_ev GKUvi cv‡k Av‡iKUv Ges Gfv‡e 4wU ev
5wU evmvi 1 BDwbU wKsev 1 BDwbU evmvi Dci AviI 1 BDwbU evmv wmwoi g‡Zv K‡i ¯’vcb
Kiv hvq| †gvU BDwbU msL¨v 4wU wn‡m‡e 40wU; Avi 5wU wn‡m‡e 32wU| cÖwZ K‡¶ 5wU ev
4wU BDwbU _vK‡e| wWgcvovi evmv Ae¯’vb K‡¶i †`qv‡ji †g‡SmsjMœ ¯’v‡b Ges †`qv‡ji
Mv‡q mgvšÍivjfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡j fv‡jv nq| G‡Z m~‡h©ï Av‡jv co‡e bv| wbgv©YmvgMÖx w÷j
†c−U, wUb ev KvV| cÖwZ BDwbU 200.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e †gvU g~j¨ 8,000.00 UvKv|
L. LvuPvq cvjb c×wZ t G c×wZ‡Z cvjb Ki‡j Avjv`vfv‡e wWg cvovi evmv ev ev· jv‡M
bv| LvuPv¸‡jv Xvjmn Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv nq hv‡Z K‡i gyiwM wWg cvov gvÎB wWg¸‡jv
Mwo‡q Mwo‡q LvuPvi mvg‡bi wMÖ‡ji dvuK w`‡q evB‡ii ewa©Z Ask G‡m R‡ov nq| G Lv‡Z
Avjv`v †Kv‡bv LiP jv‡M bv|

wWg msMÖ‡ni wRwblcÎ (egg tray)- 17wUi †gvU g~j¨ = 510.00 UvKv|
1000 eM©dzU (92.95 eM©wgUvi) wWg msi¶YvMvi ˆZwi‡Z †gvU LiP = 20,000.00 UvKv|
6. Av‡jvKvqb
ˆ`wbK (24 N›Uvq) Av‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e 16 N›Uv| K…wÎg Av‡jvi eë¯’v FZz Ges eQ‡ii †QvU-
eo w`b Abyhvqx ˆ`wbK 2.5 N›Uv n‡Z 4 N›Uv ch©šÍ n‡e| Av‡jvi Drm ê`y¨wZK evj¦| †hLv‡b
we`y¨r mieivn †bB †mLv‡b D¾¡j nvwi‡K‡bi Av‡jv Øviv eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
ev‡j¦i cªK…wZ t ev‡j¦i kw³ n‡e 40 IqvU; Av‡jvi iO ¯^vfvweK; Av‡jvi ZxeªZv g„`y (20 jv·)
n‡e| 1wU ev‡j¦i Av‡jvKvqb GjvKv 72,900 eM© †m. (1000 e.dz.)| evj¦ ¯’vc‡bi GK c‡q›U
n‡Z Av‡iK c‡q‡›Ui `~iZ¡ n‡e 610 †m.wg. (20 dzU), †gvU ev‡j¦i msL¨v n‡e 24wU| evj¦eve`
eQ‡i M‡o †gvU LiP 1,000.00 UvKv co‡Z cv‡i|
c`‡¶c 3
cwiPvjbv I eë¯’vcbv
K. Rbkw³-
gvwmK 1,000.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 2 Rb kªwg‡Ki GK eQ‡ii
†eZb = 24,000.00
gvwmK 1,000.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 1 Rb cvnvov`v‡ii GK
eQ‡ii †eZb = 12,000.00
†gvU = 36,000.00
we. `ª.t wn‡me I Ab¨vb¨ Z`viwK KvR gvwjK wb‡RB Ki‡eb
L. cÖwZ e.wg. 2000.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 13 e.wg. (3.96 wg. ×

3.30 wg.) AvKv‡ii Awdm Ni ˆZwii LiP = 26,000.00
M. 12 †gwUªK Ub Lv`¨ aviY ¶gZvm¤úbœ 1wU Lv`¨ ¸`vg
wbg©vYeve` e¨q = 40,000.00
N. cÖwZ e.wg. 300 UvKv wn‡m‡e 1.98 wg. × 1.60 wg. = 3.15
e.wg. AvKv‡ii Amy¯’¨ I g„Z gyiwM ivLvi RvqMvi Rb¨ LiP = 1,000.00
O. mvi ev weôv ivLvi ¯’vb (QvDwbmn cvKv MZ©)- eQ‡i 20 Ub
weôv aviY ¶gZvm¤úbœ (cÖwZ gyiwM eQ‡i 30 †KwR weôv Z¨vM
K‡i) 39.21 NbwgUvi AvKv‡ii MZ© ˆZwii LiP (cÖwZ
NbwgUvi 250.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 9,802.00
P. g„Z gyiwM mrKv‡Ri (disposal pit) RvqMvi Rb¨ LiP (eQ‡i
12% wn‡m‡e 80wU gyiwM gi‡Z cv‡i) = 500.00
†gvU ¯’vqx LiP

1. gyiwMi Ni-
K. wjUvi c×wZ‡Z- = 3,74,875.00
L. LvuPv c×wZ‡Z- = 2,37,500.00
2. g¨v‡bRvi ev gvwj‡Ki Awdm Ni- = 26,000.00
3. wWg msi¶YvMvi- = 5,000.00
4. ¸`vg Ni- = 40,000.00

5. Amy¯’ I g„Z gyiwMi Ni- = 1,000.00

6. weôv msi¶YvMvi- = 9,802.00
7. g„Z gyiwM mrKv‡ii RvqMv- = 500.00
8. AvmevecÎ- = 25,000.00
†gvU ¯’vqx LiP-

K. wjUvi c×wZ‡Z- = 4,82,177.00
L. LvuPv c×wZ‡Z- = 3,44,802.00
AveZ©K ev PjwZ LiP

1. cÖwZwU 75.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 680wU cy‡j‡Ui g~j¨ = 51,000.00
2. evwl©K †gvU Lv`¨ LiP-
24 †gwUªK Ub × 11000.00 (cÖwZw`b cÖwZ gyiwMi Rb¨ 110
MÖvg Ges cÖwZ †gwUªK Ub Lv`¨ 11000 UvKv wn‡m‡e) = 2,64,000.00
3. wjUvi LiP-
eQ‡i cÖwZ K‡¶ 8 e¯Ív Ges cÖwZ e¯Ív 25.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e = 1,600.00
4. IlyacÎ I wUKveve` LiP (gyiwM cÖwZ 2.00 wn‡m‡e)- = 1,360.00
5. Rbkw³eve` LiP = 36,000.00
6. eQ‡i LvIqvi LiP = 5,000.00
†gvU = 3,58,960.00
jvf¶wZi wn‡me
evwl©K †gvU cÖwZcvjb e¨q
1. †gvU AveZ©K LiP = 3,58,960.00
2. †gvU g~ja‡bi Dci my` (eQ‡i 13% nv‡i)
wjUvi c×wZ‡Z- = 83,601.00
LvPvu c×wZ‡Z- = 59,646.00
3. AcPq LiP-
Nievwoi Rb¨ eQ‡i 2% nv‡i (wjUvi c×wZ‡Z) = 10,040.00
AvmevecÎ- (10% nv‡i) = 25,00.00
†gvU LiP
K. wjUvi c×wZ‡Z- = 4,55,101.00
L. LvuPv c×wZ‡Z- = 4,21,106.00
evwl©K Avq
1. cÖwZwU 2.50 UvKv wn‡m‡e 1,82,500 wU wWg fv‡jv wWg
wewµeve` Avq- = 4,56,250.00
cÖwZwU 1.50 UvKv wn‡m‡e 2281wU wWg evQvB‡q ev`cov wWg
wewµeve` Avq- = 3,421.50
2. cÖwZ †gwUªK Ub 500.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e eQ‡i 20 †gwUªK Ub
weôv wewµeve` Avq- = 10,000.00

3. cÖwZwU 100.00 UvKv wn‡m‡e 598wU evwZj gyiwM (wWgcvov

†k‡l) wewµeve` Avq- = 59,800.00
4. Lvwj e¯Ív wewµeve` Avq- = 5,000.00
†gvU Avq = 5,34,471.00
eQ‡i jvf¶wZ wnmve

K. wjUvi c×wZ‡Z-
†gvU Avq = 5,34,471.50
†gvU e¨q = (−) 4,55,101.00
†gvU jvf = 790.50
L. LvuPv c×wZ‡Z-
†gvU Avq = 5,34,471.50
†gvU e¨q = (−) 1,13,365.50
†gvU jvf = 4,21,106.00

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb − BDwbU 3

1| Lvgvi ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb? wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvgv‡ii bvg wjLyb|
2| Lvgv‡ii ¯’vb wbe©vP‡bi mgq Kx Kx welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq?
3| Kx Kx welq we‡ePbvq †i‡L eªqjvi Lvgv‡ii cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq?
4| eqm e„w×i m‡½ eªqjv‡ii N‡ii Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq ZvcgvÎv Q‡Ki gva¨‡g †`Lvb|
5| †jqvi Lvgvi cwiKíbvq we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv eY©bv Kiæb|
6| †jqvi Lvgvi ¯’vcb I cwiPvjbvi LvZ¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiæb|
7| Kxfv‡e Lvgv‡ii Avq nq?
8| gyiwM Lvgv‡ii g¨v‡bRv‡ii `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ eY©bv Kiæb|
9| Lvgv‡i GKRb kªwg‡Ki KvR Kx Kx?
10| mßv‡n 300 eªqjvi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cÖKí cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|
DËigvjv - BDwbU 3
cvV 3.1
1| K. i L. iv
2| K. m L. wg
3| K. †Kv‡hjvwiI L. we`y¨r, weï× cvwb
4| K. †cvwëª Lvgvi L. †jqvi Lvgvi
cvV 3.2
1| K. i L. i
2| K. m L. wg
3| K. 60-70% L. ZvcgvÎvi
4| K. Lv`¨, evm¯’vb I †ivM`gb L. 21% Gi Kg Aw·‡Rb I 5% Gi †ekx
Kve©b-WvB-A·vBW
cvV 3.3
1| K. i L. iii
2| K. wg L. m
3| K. `ycªKvi L. el©vKv‡j
4| K. ¯’vqx LiP, AveZ©K LiP L. 0.37 eM©wgUvi
cvV 3.4
1| K. i L. ii
2| K. m L. wg
3| K. 10:00-12:00 Uvq L. msMªn, Rgv
4| K. wbw`©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ mieivn wbwðZ K‡ib L. mvevb w`‡q nvZgyL †aŠZ K‡ib

Z_¨m~Î
ûmvBb, Gm.Gg., 1987| D”PZi cï weÁvb, m~h©gyLx AvU© †cÖm, 24, kªxk`vm †jb, XvKv-1|
mvgv`, Gg.G., 1996| cïcvjb I wPwKrmv we`¨v, wjwiK-GwcK cÖKvkbx, gqgbwmsn|
†nv‡mb, Gm.Gm. Ges †K.wR. †gv¯Ídv, 1985| eënvwiK K…wÎg cÖRbb, cÖKvkK evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, XvKv|
Avjx Ges †nv‡mb, Gm.Gm., cïcvjb I K…wÎg cÖRbb, cvBIbxqvi wcÖw›Us GÛ c¨v‡KwRs, 18,
M½v`vm ¸n †ivW, gqgbwmsn|
Banargy, G.C. 1990. A Textbook of Animal Husbandry, Seventh edition. Oxford

& IBH publishing Company Private Limited.
Henderson, H.O. and Paul, M. Reaves, 1960. Dairy Cattle Feeding and
Management, Second printing. John Wiley & Sons, INC, New York.
FAO, 1983. Manual for Animal Health, Auxiliary Personnel, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nation.
Ahmed, Z. and T.S. Islam, 1987. Training Manual on Artificial Insemination.
Hafez, E.S.E., 1980. Reproduction in farm animals. Fourth edition, Lee and
Febiger London, 627 PP.
Dalton, D.C 1987. An introduction to practical animal breeding. ELBS. Second

edition London. 182 PP.
Sastry, N.S.R. and C.K., Thomas, 1976. Farm animal management. Vikas Pub.
House. New Delhi, 1991 PP.
Deyoe, G.P., W.A. Ross and W.H. Peters, 1954. Raising Livestock. McGrew-
Hill, Pub. New York. 413 PP.
Peters, W.H. and G.P. Deyose, 1946. Raising Livestock. McGrew-Hill Pub. New
York. 519 PP.
Herman, H.A., 1963. The Artificial insemination of dairy and beef caltle. A
handbook and laboratory manual. Lucas Brothers, Columbia. 76 PP.

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K…wÎg cÖRbb I Lvgvi ¯’vcb

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj

© evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BDwbU 1 Mvfxi RvZ Dbœqb 1-44

BDwbU 2 `y» Lvgvi ¯’vcb 45-82

AvBK‡bi (Icon) e¨envi

= co~b I j¶¨ Kiæb

" = cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb

luvo I Mvfxi RbbZš¿

Mig nIqv eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY eKbv ev Mvfxi FZzPµ, Mig

Mf©eZx eKbv ev Mvfx kbv³KiY Mf©ve¯’v wbY©q

Mf© I cÖmeKvjxb Ges cÖm‡evËi

AwaK Drcv`b¶g my¯’, mej,

cvV 1.1 RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Ges c×wZ

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb Ñ

RvZ Dbœq‡bi D‡Ïk¨

evQvB c×wZ cÖavbZ wZb cÖKvi−

1. U¨vb‡Wg c×wZ (Tandem method)

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 2

2. Aeva QvUvB c×wZ (Independent culling method)

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 3

3. evQvB m~PK c×wZ (Selection Index method)

1bs Mvfxi Bb‡W· gvb = 10 × 0.6 + 400 × 0.2 + 5 × 0.2

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 4

evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix (Aids to selection)

1. mvZš¿¨Zv ev evwn¨K bgybv ev mij †d‡bvUvBwcK evQvB (Individual or Mass or

2. mvivRxe‡bi Drcv`b ¶gZvi Dci wfwË K‡i evQvB (Lifetime performance

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 5

m¤ú‡K© avibv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †KŠwjweÁv‡b, GB welqwU‡K e‡j Òwiwc‡UwewjwUÓ A_©vr

3. esk weei‡Yi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Pedigree selection)

4. cwievi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Family selection)

5. mšÍvb cix¶vi wfwË‡Z evQvB (Progeny testing)

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 6

mviwY 1.1 t wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖRbb c×wZ

mgvMg ev cÖRbb c×wZ

†K¬vR weªwWs AvDU weªwWs

1. BbweªwWs ev AvšÍt cÖRbb 1. µmweªwWs ev msKi cÖRbb

†K¬vR weªwWs (Closebreeding)

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 7

jvBbweªwWs (Line breeding)

AvDUweªwWs (Out breeding)

µmweªwWs ev msKi cÖRbb (Cross breeding)

AvDUµwms (Out crossing)

e¨vK µwms (Back crossing)

msKi RvZ × (Rvwm© ev kvnxIqv‡ji mv‡_)

wµm µwms (Criss crossing)

msKi RvZ × kvnxIqvj

msKi RvZ × Rvwm©

msKi RvZ × Gfv‡e cÖwµqvwU AweiZfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡e|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 8

g¨vwUs jvBKm ev cQ›`bxq msMg (Mating likes)

wPÎ 1 t †MÖwWsAvc Gi †iLvwPÎ

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 9

evsjv‡`‡ki Mevw`cïi Dbœq‡b cÖRbb Kg©m~Px

AbygvbK…Z cÖRbb gvb Øviv cyi“l MÖv‡g M‡Ä

kZKiv 20 fvM ¯¿x Mevw`cï wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

wPÎ 2 t ONBS c×wZ

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq 10

K…wl I cjøx Dbœqb ¯‹zj 11

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 1.1

L. †Kvb&wU evQvB mvnvh¨Kvix?