EXPLICIT

&
IMPLICIT
CLAIMS
 EXPLICIT
• THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS EXPRESSED OR READILY
OBSERVABLE.

• EASILY IDENTIFIED BY LINKING TO “BECAUSE”

EXAMPLE: KRIS IS GUILTY OF MURDER BECAUSE
HE KILLED JILL.

• TRICK TO REMEMBER: EXPLICIT = EXPRESSED EASILY

• EXAMPLES:
- JENNA BURNED HER MOUTH ON A HOT BOWL OF SOUP.
- THE SCHOOL BUS WAS DROPPING KIDS OFF AT SCHOOL.

• QUESTIONS OR EVIDENCE YOU CAN FIND DIRECTLY IN THE

TEXT.
RECOGNIZING THE EXPLICIT

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE

UP OF CELL. SINCE HUMANS ARE
ALIVE, WE ARE ALSO MADE OF
CELLS. CELLS MAKE OUR BODY
TISSUE. TISSUE MAKES OUR BODY
ORGANS. ORGANS MAKE OUR BODY
SYSYEMS. CELLS ARE THE BUILDING
BLOCKS OF OUR BODIES.
 EXPLICIT
IMPLICIT
• THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS EXPRESSED OR READILY
• THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS IMPLIED OR INDIRECT. YOU
OBSERVABLE.
WILL HAVE TO INFER TO UNDERSTAND.
EASILY IDENTIFIED BY LINKING TO “BECAUSE”
•
• ASSUMPTIONS AND IS
EXAMPLE: KRIS CONTEXT
GUILTY (WHEN, WHERE
OF MURDER AND WHY)
BECAUSE
HE KILLED JILL.
• TRICK TO REMEMBER: IMPLICIT = IMPLIED
• TRICK TO REMEMBER: EXPLICIT = EXPRESSED EASILY
• EXAMPLES:
• -EXAMPLES:
JENNA YELLED “OUCH” AFTER DRINKING FROM THE BOWL.
--THIS
JENNA BURNED AHER
MORNING BUSMOUTH ON KIDS
FULL OF A HOTPASSED
BOWL OF
US.SOUP.
- THE SCHOOL BUS WAS DROPPING KIDS OFF AT SCHOOL.
• QUESTIONS YOU HAVE TO INFER IS NOT STATED IN THE TEXT.
• QUESTIONS OR EVIDENCE YOU CAN FIND DIRECTLY IN THE
TEXT.
DEFINITION OF CLAIM
- IN LITERATURE, A CLAIM IS A
STATEMENT THAT ASSERTS
SOMETHING TO BE TRUE.
- A CLAIM CAN EITHER BE
FACTUAL OR A JUDGEMENT.
- CLAIMS CAN WORK ON THEIR
OWN OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH
OTHER CLAIMS TO FORM A LARGER
ARGUMENT.
CLAIM OF FACTS
CLAIM OF VALUE
CLAIM OF POLICY
CLAIMS OF FACT
- EXISTENCE OF SOMETHING/DEFINITION
OR CLASSIFICATION/FACTS.
- ASSERTS THAT SOMETHING HAS
EXISTED, DOES EXIST, OR WILL EXIST.
- DEBATES WHETHER IT IS TRUE OR
FALSE.
- IT CAN BE AN ASSERTION OF THE PAST,
PRESENT, OR FUTURE.
OTHER WAYS TO SUPPORT:
• STATISTICS
• EXAMPLES
• TESTIMONIES

FACTS ARE NON NEGOTIABLE

• ATLAS
• MAPS
• REFERENCE BOOKS
• DATA FROM SCIENTIFIC SOURCES
• INTERFERENCE
- A STATEMENT ABOUT THE
UNKNOWN ON THE BASIS OF THE
KNOWN.

• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FACT AND

INTERFERENCE IS, INFERENCE IS AN
INTERPRETATION OR AN OPINION
REACHED AFTER INFORMED
EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE.
EXAMPLES:
• GLOBAL WARMING IS A THREAT THAT
MUST BE ADDRESSED.

• REPUBLICAN ECONOMIC POLICIES

CAUSED THE GREAT DEPRESSION.

• EXCESSIVE TELEVISION VIEWING

HAS CAUSED THE STEADY DECLINE IN
THE READING ABILITY OF CHILDREN
AND TEENAGERS.
CLAIMS OF VALUE
- ASSERTS JUDGEMENT WHETHER IT IS
GOOD OR BAD.

- IT IS CLAIMING WHETHER
SOMETHING IS GOOD OR BAD OR THE OTHER
THING IS BETTER THAN THE OTHER ONE.

- SAYS SOMETHING IS MORE OR LESS

DESIRABLE BASED ON TASTE AND MORALITY.
- Can be attacked or defended on
basis of standards that measure
worth of an action, belief, or object.

- Our likes and dislikes should be

supported by reference.

- Analysis will be the same of all

areas of human experience.
•Two general areas in which
people most often disagree
about matters of value:
• AESTHETICS
• MORALITY

NOTE: YOU CANNOT MAKE SOMEONE

BELIEVE WHAT YOU BELIEVE, YOU CAN
GIVE GOOD REASONS TO EXPRESS YOUR
OPINION.
EXAMPLES:
• THE HUNGER GAMES IS THE BEST
MOVIE THIS YEAR.

• THE HUNTING OF ANIMALS IS

BARBARIC PRACTICE.

• IT IS IMMORAL TO PARTICIPATE
VOLUNTARY SUICIDE.
CLAIMS OF POLICY
- IS SOMETHING THAT SHOULD OR
SHOULD NOT BE DONE.

- ASSERTS THAT SPECIFIC PLANS OR

COURSES OF ACTION SHOULD BE INSTITUTED
AS SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS.

- ALMOST ALWAYS ”SHOULD” OR

“OUGHT TO” OR “MUST” IS EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED IN THE CLAIM.
• Keep audience in mind.

• Must consider what the audience can

do about the situation.

• Hope to accomplish to get the readers

to consider the situation or problem
from your perspective.

• Continue to think about "What do I

want my readers to do or think?”.
 EXAMPLES:
• THE DEATH PENALTY SHOULD BE ABOLISHED
BECAUSE IT DOES NOTHING TO PREVENT
MURDER.

• THE AGE AT WHICH PEOPLE CAN GET A

DRIVER’S LICENCE MUST BE RAISED TO 18.

• LEGISLATION SHOULD BE PASSED TO STOP THE

SALE CIGARETTES.
 IMPORTANT ASPECTS:

• A CLAIM IS A STATEMENT NOT A

QUESTION.

• A CLAIM IS AGAINST THE STATUS

QUO.

• THE CLAIM IS THE FOCUS OF THE

ARGUMENT.