4-7 preambulatory clauses

4-6 operative clauses

TOPIC 1: ​Strengthening the disarmament in post-conflict areas through UN Disarmament,

Demobilisation and Reintegration [DDR] Operations
Thimun link:
https://thehague.thimun.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/GA1-1-Caroline-Doyle.pdf

TOPIC 2: ​Maintaining the Iran Nuclear Deal Framework

Thimun link:
https://thehague.thimun.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/GA1-2-Devyash-Goel.pdf

FORUM​: General Assembly 1

QUESTION OF​: ​Maintaining the Iran Nuclear Deal Framework 
SUBMITTED BY​: Kyrgyzstan

Noting with satisfaction ​the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action signed between Iran, the
European Union, P5+1 and the United States, adopted on 18th October 2015, which heavily
limits Iran’s ability to produce nuclear weaponry ​without c​ rippling Iran economically​;

Alarmed by t​ he United States’ decision to unilaterally withdraw from the JCPOA in May 2018
and reinstate US sanctions on Iran, which strongly restricts Iran’s ability to engage in
international trade and develop economically;

Recognizing ​that the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional

intergovernmental organization comprising of member states Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the associate state of
Turkmenistan;

Taking into account ​that the US dollar’s share of global central bank reserves fell to the
lowest level since 2013 in Q4 2018, while holdings of the Chinese yuan rose for a fourth
consecutive quarter, that several European banks such as the Bundesbank are starting to
include the yuan in their central bank reserves and also that the IMF has designated it as a
reserve currency;

Noting with approval ​that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in favour of Iran in the
Iran vs USA c​ ase in September 2018, ordering Washington to lift restrictive measures linked
to humanitarian trade, food, medicine, and civil aviation, even though the United States has
yet to abide by the ruling;

1. Deplores​ the United States’ decision to withdraw from the JCPOA, and strongly
encourages that the United States start to re-cooperate with JCPOA member nations
 in the hopes of either rejoining or renegotiating the Joint Comprehensive Plan of
Action deal originally adopted on the 18th of October, 2015;

2. Condemns​ the United States’ decision to reinstate US sanctions on Iran, and in the
event that they will not withdraw the imposition of these sanctions, strongly
encourages the US to ​at least​ undertake the following course(s) of action:
a. Lessen the extent of the sanctions that restrict Iran’s ability to engage in
international trade to a lesser extent;
b. Grant longer, more widespread waivers (lasting ​at least​ six months or more)
to ​as many​ member nations as possible, particularly the original signatories to
the JCPOA deal, which will allow nation(s) granted a waiver to import Iranian
oil without penalties

3. Calls for​ the United States to abide by the ruling by the International Court of Justice,
which ordered Washington to lift restrictive measures linked to humanitarian trade,
food, medicine, and civil aviation;

4. Suggests​ that member nations, particularly those who are part of the Commonwealth
of Independent States, begin trading with Iran, even in the event that they are not
granted a waiver by the United States;

5. Further encourages​ all member nations to move towards using the Chinese yuan and
Euro in order to diversify the world currencies, through measures such as but not
limited to:
a. Including the Chinese yuan and Euro in member nations’ central bank’s
foreign-exchange reserves;
b. Using the yuan, Euro and national currencies in cross-border and bilateral
trade;
c. Using the yuan and Euro in foreign financial transactions, particularly in
situations where the US dollar would normally be used;
d. Issuing renminbi and Euro-denominated sovereign debt.

6. Strongly encourages​ member nations to place tariffs on the United States in the
event that it refuses to lift sanctions on Iran, and to increase trade with China and
Russia (in replacement for trade with the US) through means such as but not limited
to:
a. Placing tariffs of no more than 10% on US imports, primarily in the soybean,
vehicles, poultry, aircraft and petroleum industries;
b. Reducing tariffs on Chinese and Russian imports and exports in all industries
by ​at least​ 50%;
c. Establishing free-trade agreements with China, Russia and the CIS;

TOPIC 3: ​The threat of cyber interference to democracy

Thimun link: ​https://thehague.thimun.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/GA1-3-Seif-Hikal.pdf
 - Something vaguer (considering Russia’s so-called meddling in the US elections and
China’s government censorship)
- Make it similar to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s code of conduct
proposed in 2011/ the revised one from 2015

TOPIC 4: ​The question of piracy and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea
Thimun link:
https://thehague.thimun.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/GA1-4-Berit-Puschner-.pdf

FORUM​: General Assembly 1

QUESTION OF​: ​The question of piracy and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea 
SUBMITTED BY​: Kyrgyzstan

Referring t​ o the definition that the West African region includes the following countries:
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast,
Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan
da Cunha, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo;

Alarmed by t​ he fact that pirate attacks in Nigeria have increased threefold from 2014 levels,
in the wake of overall increases in piracy throughout the world; while in 2017 there were 87
piracy incidents reported throughout the world, this has increased to a staggering 107 in only
the first half of 2018;

Noting with deep concern ​that the increase of piracy in the Gulf of Guinea leads to higher
shipping costs, and that shipping vessels often avoid piracy hotspots, increasing shipping
time and therefore further increasing transportation costs;

Noting with approval ​that in 2011 UNSC passed resolution 2018, endorsing a summit of
Heads of States to develop an exhaustive strategy to deal with piracy and armed robberies;
which include improved laws against piracy, the development of a framework for more
effective information sharing and encouraging the international community to assist in the
situation;

Noting with satisfaction ​that the GGC, ECOWAS and ECCAS work together to develop a
Code of Conduct regarding illegal maritime activity in the region and the repression of piracy,
which was somewhat effective despite the fact that it was not legally binding;

Recognizing ​that government corruption and IUU fishing can lead to the increase in the
prevalence of maritime piracy and related illegal maritime activities;

1. Calls upon​ MEDC countries that are not in the region of West Africa (particularly
those with a nominal GDP higher than US$650 billion) to become directly involved in
combating the issue, involving undertaking actions such as but not limited to:
 a. Undertaking joint naval training exercises with the countries in the region of
West Africa;
b. Assisting with the training of security forces who are responsible for tackling
piracy in the region of the Gulf of Guinea;
c. The establishment of foreign-controlled navy bases in order to assist the
affected countries in managing the issue of piracy and maritime security in the
region;
d. Investing funds into infrastructure and organisations managing the processing
of raw materials such as oil in the affected countries, thereby minimizing the
dependance the affected countries have on their exports;
e. Initiating a remittance program with the affected countries in order to create
jobs and therefore stimulate the economy;
i. With recommendations that the remittance program lasts a minimum
of five years, with no less than 100,000 workers per country and that
the remittances be sent through authorised money transfer
businesses;
ii. With the migrant workers from affected nations to be assigned jobs
mainly in the blue-collar sector such as in the construction or
manufacturing industries;
f. Assisting in the addition of effective security precautions on ships which
regularly travel through the Gulf of Guinea;
g. Supplying required monetary and other related resources required to
undertake the above solutions;

2. Encourages​ shipping companies to enact various precautions on ships, such as but

not limited to:
a. Vessels of 500 gross tons should have security alert systems on board, which
include technology such as:
i. Real-time ship location devices;
ii. Alarms;
iii. Lights;

3. Suggests​ that the Code of Conduct originally introduced by ECCAS, ECOWAS and
GGC on the 25th of June, 2013, be amended with the following proposals:
a. the Code of Conduct is legally binding, meaning that the CoC will hence be
able to more effectively eradicate illegal activities at sea

4. Encourages​ that affected states put into place laws, regulations, and schemes in
order to tackle illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, such as but not
limited to:
a. A subsidy program targeting fishermen who are working legally but struggling
economically, which may be assisted by external aid and funding;
b. Raising awareness of the topic and the significance of the issue, with
particular emphasis on the negative impacts of IUU fishing, directed to youths,
commercial and recreational fishers as well as the general public;
 c. Developing a centralised information sharing database center which can log,
investigate and share reports and intelligence of IUU fishing
d. Recording all legal sales of fish in order to collect reliable data which can be
used to combat the problem in the future
e. Investment from both foreign investors and member nations in order to
promote sustainable, legal, regulated fishing and stimulate the fishing industry
as a whole

5. Implores​ the affected countries to put into place laws, regulations and other schemes
in order to tackle corruption in governmental positions through measures such as but
not limited to:
a. Designating a special prosecutor/investigator in the governmental sector
respectively, who has legal powers such as:
i. The ability to seize and demand the production of evidence related to
specific reported corruption incidents;
ii. The ability to force witnesses to appear before a judiciary, and the
witness must be questioned under oath with criminal prosecutions in
the event that there are lies under that oath;
b. Raising awareness on the topic and the significance of the issue, primarily
directed towards the youth and the general public;
c. Establishing a confidential, anonymous public complaint mechanism that can
be used by both the general public and members of government institutions in
order to report allegations of fraud and corruption in the national and regional
governments;
d. Developing and implementing anti-corruption legislation which will criminalise
corrupt activity such as passive bribery, active bribery, attempted corruption,
extortion, money laundering and abuse of office with consequences such as
but not limited to:
i. With penalties including jail time, a ban from holding governmental
positions, or exile in the case of multiple offences, although this is up
to the jurisdiction of the relevant courts;
ii. With the person(s) suspected crimes being heard in the International
Criminal Court (ICC) rather than regional or national courts;
iii. Subjecting the convicted person(s) to financial sanctions and travel
bans under the United Nations Sanctions Ordinance in cases of repeat
offenses or particularly severe crime(s), although this is up to the
jurisdiction of the relevant courts;

6. Urges​ that shipping companies prevent corruption of shipping captains and their
crew, involving measures such as but not limited to:
a. Thorough and frequent background checks on ​all​ shipping crew;
b. Moving towards the employment of shipping crew on lengthier contracts;

7. Further recommends​ that both member nations and MEDCs from outside the region
establish a transnational piracy patrol scheme and navy force, through measures
such as but not limited to:
a. Having the ability to pursue alleged and confirmed criminals across all
affected state’s territorial waters;
b. Establishing a information sharing database center which provides and
records information on every pirate attack in the region, noting location, type
of attack, and outcomes;
c. Engaging in strategic planning with affected states;
d. Undertaking maritime security operations with affected states that are
intelligent led;
e. Promoting the reporting of piracy attacks from shipping companies and crew,
and the confidential manner of the process of reporting the incidents;
f. Allowing ships to be armed (for protection);
g. Sending out armed police to patrol the area at least 12 hours a day;
h. Primary command of the force should be rotated between participating
nations on a six month basis;
i. Should be equipped with a variety of military attack helicopters, warships,
surveillance and detection equipment and other military-grade weaponry.