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HOW DID
LIFE BEGIN?
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3 COVER SUBJECT
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How Did Life Begin?
AR TICLE S
7 WAS IT DESIGNED?
YOUNG PEOPLE ASK
The Honeycomb Why Reject Pornography?
What do pornography and
smoking have in common?
8 HELP FOR THE FAMILY
(Look under BIBLE TEACHINGS ˛ TEENAGERS)
How to Tame Your Temper
r
10 LANDS AND PEOPLES
A Visit to Costa Rica
12 HEALTH
“I Refuse to Dwell On
VIDEOS
My Illness” BECOME JEHOVAH’S FRIEND
Be Kind and Share
14 THE BIBLE’S VIEWPOINT In this video for children, see how Caleb
and Sophia have a lot more fun when
Suffering they share things with each other.
(Look under BIBLE TEACHINGS ˛ CHILDREN)
r
16 WATCHING THE WORLD
Spotlight on Religion
SOME might assume that a scientifically-minded person would Why is it that even some
pick “evolution” and that a religious person would pick “cre- scientifically-minded people
ation.” have trouble accepting evolu-
But not always. tion as the origin of life? To
Rama Singh, professor of biology at Canada’s McMaster Uni- answer that, consider two
versity, says: “The opposition to evolution goes beyond religious questions that baffle many re-
fundamentalism and includes a great many people from educat- searchers: (1) How did life get
ed sections of the population.” its start? and (2) How did liv-
ing things develop?
Consider Gerard, a professor of entomology who was taught
evolution at college. “When I took tests,” he says, “I would give
the professors the answers they wanted—but I did not believe it.”
1 How Did
Life Get Its Start?
WHAT SOME SAY. Life arose spontaneously from non-
living matter.
WHY SOME PEOPLE ARE NOT SATISFIED WITH THAT ANSWER.
Scientists know more about the chemistry and molec-
ular structure of life than ever before, yet they still can-
not define with certainty just what life is. A wide gulf
separates nonliving matter from even the simplest liv-
ing cell.
˙ Scientists can only speculate ˙ Living things are unique in ic three-dimensional shape for it
about what conditions on earth the way they store and process to be useful. Some scientists con-
were like billions of years ago. information. Cells convey, inter- clude that the odds of even one
They have differing views about pret, and carry out instructions protein molecule forming sponta-
where life began—for instance, contained within their genetic neously are extremely improb-
whether within a volcano or un- code. Some scientists liken the able. “Since a functioning cell re-
der the ocean floor. Another be- genetic code to computer soft- quires thousands of different
lief is that life’s building blocks ware and the chemical structure proteins,” writes physicist Paul
first formed elsewhere in the uni- of the cell to computer hardware. Davies, “it is not credible to sup-
verse and arrived here embedded But evolution cannot explain the pose they formed by chance
in meteors. But that does not an- source of the information. alone.”
swer the question of how life be-
gan; it just pushes the issue far- ˙ Protein molecules are neces-
ther into space. sary for the function of a cell. A
typical protein molecule consists
˙ Scientists speculate about the of hundreds of amino acids
existence of molecules that pre- strung together in a specific se-
ceded genetic material as we quence. Additionally, the protein
know it today. These molecules molecule must fold into a specif-
are supposedly more likely to
arise spontaneously from inert
material and are self-replicating.
Yet, science has found no evi- CONCLUSION. After decades of research in virtually all branches
dence that such molecules ever of science, the fact remains that life comes only from preexisting
existed, nor have scientists been life.
able to create any such molecule
in a laboratory.
2 How Did Living
Things Develop?
WHAT SOME SAY. The first living organism gradually
developed into a variety of living things, including
humans, through a process of random mutation and
natural selection.
WHY SOME PEOPLE ARE NOT SATISFIED WITH THAT ANSWER.
Some cells are more complex than others. According to
one reference, how simpler cells could develop into more
complex cells is “often rated the second major evolution-
ary mystery, after the origin of life.”
˙ Scientists have discovered with- ˙ Scientists now realize that for in understanding how that com-
in each cell intricate molecular one kind of animal to develop plexity could evolve by unintelli-
machines composed of protein into another kind of animal gent processes.”
molecules that cooperate to per- would require that changes take
form complex tasks. These tasks place within the cell, at the mo- ˙ Human beings are conscious
include transporting and convert- lecular level. Since scientists can- and self-aware, have the ability to
ing nutrients into energy, repair- not demonstrate how evolution think and reason, and possess
ing parts of the cell, and con- can produce even the “simplest” moral qualities such as generosi-
veying messages throughout the cell, is it plausible that random ty, self-sacrifice, and a sense of
cell. Could random mutations and mutations and natural selection right and wrong. Random muta-
natural selection account for the could be responsible for the dif- tions and natural selection can-
assembling and functioning of ferent kinds of animals on the not explain the existence of these
such sophisticated components? planet? Regarding the structure unique qualities of the human
Many find that concept difficult to of animals, Michael Behe, profes- mind.
accept. sor of biological sciences, says
that while research “has revealed
˙ Animals and humans develop unexpected, stunning complexity,
from a single fertilized egg. In- no progress at all has been made
side the embryo, cells multiply
and eventually specialize, taking
on different shapes and functions
to form distinct parts of the body.
Evolution cannot explain how CONCLUSION. While many insist that an evolutionary origin of life
each cell “knows” what to be- is an indisputable fact, others are not satisfied with the answers
come and where it should move that evolution provides regarding how life began and how life
within the organism. developed.
Did You Know? AFTER considering the evidence, many people con-
THE BIBLE IS NOT ANTISCIENCE. On the clude that life is the product of a superior intelli-
contrary, it encourages people to gence. Consider the example of Antony Flew, a pro-
examine the natural world. (Isaiah fessor of philosophy who at one time was a leading
40:26) While the Bible is not a science advocate of atheism. When he learned about the
textbook, it is consistent with scientific staggering complexity of life and the physical laws of
fact. For example, the Bible does not
the universe, Flew changed his opinion. Citing an an-
support creationism. It does not state
that the earth was created in six literal cient approach to reasoning, he wrote: “We must fol-
24-hour days. The term “day” as used low the argument wherever it leads.” For Profes-
in Genesis applies to periods of sor Flew, the evidence pointed to the existence of a
considerable length.1 Creator.
1 For more information, see the brochure
Gerard, mentioned earlier in this series of articles,
Was Life Created? published by Jehovah’s Wit- came to a similar conclusion. Despite his advanced
nesses and available online at www.jw.org. education and his career in entomology, he said: “I
saw no proof that life arose spontaneously from non-
living matter. The order and complexity of living
things convinced me that there has to be an Organiz-
The Bible Teaches That . . . er and Designer.”
LIFE COMES ONLY FROM LIFE. “With you Just as a person can learn about an artist by ex-
[God] is the source of life.”
—Psalm 36:9.
amining his artwork, Gerard came to discern the Cre-
ator’s qualities by studying the natural world. Gerard
GOD MADE PLANT AND ANIMAL LIFE
also took time to consider a book attributed to the
“ACCORDING TO THEIR KINDS.” (Genesis 1:
11, 12, 21, 24, 25) The Bible does not
Creator—the Bible. (2 Timothy 3:16) There he found
define the boundaries of these “kinds.” satisfying answers to questions about mankind’s
This allows for a degree of variation past and practical solutions to the problems facing
within each kind. people today. He thus became convinced that the Bi-
GOD CREATED HUMANS WITH THE CAPACITY ble was also the product of a superior mind.
TO DISPLAY THE SAME MORAL QUALITIES As Gerard found, the Bible’s answers are worth
THAT HE POSSESSES. These qualities considering. We encourage you to examine them for
include love, goodness, and justice. yourself. ˛
“God said: ‘Let us make man in our
image, according to our likeness.’ ”
—Genesis 1:26.
WAS IT DESIGNED?
Temper
Osa Peninsula
Café chorreado,
coffee brewed in
the traditional Costa
Rican style
Stone spheres
SCLERODERMA—meaning
“hard skin”—is a word used to
describe diseases that afflict
an estimated 2.5 million peo-
ple worldwide. The type most
often seen in children is local-
ized scleroderma, which main-
ly involves a hardening of the
skin tissues.
Elisa, however, was di-
agnosed at age ten with a
form of systemic scleroderma
—a condition that can serious-
ly affect not only the skin but
also the function of internal or-
gans, involving the kidneys,
heart, lungs, and gastrointes-
tinal tract. Doctors thought
that treatment would prolong
Elisa’s life by only five years.
Now, some 14 years later,
Elisa is very much alive. Al-
though she is not cured, she
maintains a positive attitude
about life. Awake! spoke to
Elisa about her illness and her
strength to endure.
%
Despite her limitations, Elisa
enjoys teaching others about
the Bible
When did you first become ously low and that my heart Why do you engage in this
aware that you were not was working overtime to pump work when you have your own
well? blood to my brain. Within a few problems to contend with?
When I was nine years old, weeks, treatment relieved the I know that the information
I got a cut on my elbow, and problem. But at that point, I re- I share with people is vital and
it was extremely painful. The member thinking that any- beneficial. Besides, when I
wound got bigger, and it thing could happen from one keep busy helping others in
wouldn’t heal. A blood test re- day to the next. I felt more this way, I’m happier. I even
vealed that I had systemic helpless than ever, as if I had feel healthier! For that brief
scleroderma. Because my no control over what was hap- period of time, I forget that I’m
health was deteriorating rapid- pening to me. sick.
ly, we needed to find a doctor It has been 14 years since What role does the Bible
who had experience treating your condition was diagnosed. play in your positive view-
scleroderma. What is the state of your point?
How did your search turn health now? It reminds me that my suf-
out? I still live with pain, and I have fering—and the suffering of
We found a rheumatologist. a number of ailments that others as well—is just tempo-
She told my parents that che- are associated with scleroder- rary. Revelation 21:4 says that
motherapy could slow down ma. These include ulcers, lung at his appointed time, God
the scleroderma and extend fibrosis, and severe heartburn. “will wipe out every tear from
my life by five years, with the Still, I refuse to dwell on my ill- their eyes, and death will be
possibility that my illness ness or waste time feeling no more, neither will mourn-
might go into remission. The sad. I have other things to do. ing nor outcry nor pain be any-
downside was that chemother- Like what? more.” Thinking about scrip-
apy would compromise my im- tures like that helps
I love drawing, making clothes,
mune system. Even a cold strengthen my faith in God’s
making jewelry. Most impor-
could prove fatal. promise of a bright future—not
tant, though, as one of Jeho-
just for those who suffer with
Obviously, the worst did not vah’s Witnesses, I engage in
chronic illnesses but for every-
happen. the work of teaching the Bible.
one.
No—thankfully, I’m still alive! Even when I am not able to
When I was about 12, though, walk to people’s homes, I am For more information on what
I started experiencing severe able to assist other Witnesses the Bible teaches regarding sick-
chest pains that would last for who conduct Bible study ses- ness and God’s promises for the
about 30 minutes, sometimes sions with people in our area. I future, see chapter 3 of the book
twice a day. They were so bad have even had students of my What Does the Bible Really
that they made me scream. own. The ministry gives my life Teach? available at www.jw.org.
purpose. Also on jw.org, see the online arti-
What was the cause? cle “Living With Chronic Illness
The doctors found that my he- —Can the Bible Help?” Look un-
moglobin level was danger- der BIBLE TEACHINGS ˛ BIBLE
QUESTIONS ANSWERED. ˛
SUFFERING
Some people feel that God causes human suffering or that,
at the very least, he is indifferent to it. But is that what the Bible
teaches? You might be surprised at the answer.
SPOTLIGHT ON
RELIGION
Religion is supposed to be a
force for unity. All too often,
however, it has been a source of
conflict and distrust.
WORLD More than three quarters ENGLAND Former Prime Minister Tony Blair writes in the Observer
of the world’s population live in newspaper that “an abuse of religion” is a common motive behind
countries with significant restric- recent acts of terrorism. “The battles of this century,” he adds, “are
tions on religion, either because less likely to be the product of extreme political ideology—like those
of official policies or social hostili- of the 20th century—but they could easily be fought around the
ties. In a recent five-year period, questions of cultural or religious difference.”
the number of countries with in-
cidents of abuse against religious TO THINK ABOUT: Why is religion so often a source of division?
minorities nearly doubled. —Mark 7:6-8.
n Free downloads
p Bible available Visit www.jw.org,
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of this magazine online in over or scan code
o and past issues 100 languages
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