International Journal of Educational

Science and Research (IJESR)

ISSN (P): 2249-6947; ISSN (E): 2249-8052
Vol. 8, Issue 6, Dec 2018, 45-52
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

ORTHOGONALITY OF GENERALIZED , SYMMETRIC

BIDERIVATIONS IN SEMIPRIME RINGS

K. CHENNAKESAVULU1, B. RAMOORTHY REDDY2 & C. JAYA SUBBA REDDY3

1
Department of Mathematics, S. K. College of Agricultural Sciences, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, S. V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
3
Asssistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, S. V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT

The present article shows the relation between symmetric generalized , biderivations with
orthogonality on semiprime rings and showed the orthogonality results. For ∆ , and ∆ , be two
generalized , symmetric biderivations of , then the following conditions are equivalent :

• Generalized , symmetric biderivations ∆ , and ∆ , are orthogonal.

• For all , , ∈ , the following relations hold

Original Article
• ∆ , ∆ , +∆ , ∆ , = .

• , ∆ , + , ∆ , = .

• ∆ , ∆ , = , ∆ , = .

• ∆ , ∆ , = , for all , , ∈ and ∆ = = .

• ∆ ∆ , is a generalized , biderivation and ∆ , ∆ , = , for all , , ∈ .

KEYWORDS: Semiprime Ring, Symmetric Biderivation, Generalized symmetric Biderivation & Orthogonal
Biderivation

Received: Sep 04, 2018; Accepted: Oct 14, 2018; Published: Nov 02, 2018; Paper Id.: IJESRDEC20187

INTRODUCTION

Vukman and Bresar [3] given the introduction of orthogonality for a couple of derivations and of a
semiprime ring, and they obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for a couple of derivations are to be
orthogonal and also they have given the associated results to a classical result of Posner [7]. Argac, Nakajima and
Albas [1] have studied some results orthogonal generalized derivations of semiprime rings. Daifet. al. [4] given the
orthogonality conditions for the derivations and biderivations of a ring and also in terms of a nonzero ideal of a
two torsion free semiprime ring. Jaya Subba Reddy and Ramoorthy Reddy [5] obtained related results on
symmetric biderivation swith orthogonality in Semiprime rings and obtained some essential conditions for two
biderivations are to be orthogonal. Jaya Subba Reddy and Ramoorthy Reddy [6] obtainedsome results of
generalized symmetric biderivations with orthogonality conditions of semiprime rings. In this current paper, we
extended the results of generalized symmetric biderivations to , symmetric biderivations.

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46 K. Chennakesavulu, B. Ramoorthy Reddy & C. Jaya Subba Reddy

PRELIMINARIES

In the entire paper R represents associative ring. We call a ring is two torsion free if 2 = 0, ∈ implies
a= 0. We call a ring isprime if = 0 implies a= 0 orb= 0 and is semiprime if = 0 implies = 0 .. We write
, = − , for all , ∈ and the commutate or identities ,! = ,! + ,! , , ! = , !+ ,! .
Let : → be additive map represents derivation if = + , for all , ∈ .. Let : → be additive
map represents Generalized derivation if $ =$ + , for all , ∈ . A mapping% . , . : × →
represents symmetric if % , =% , , for all , ∈ .. A symmetric biadditive mapping % . , . : × →
represents a symmetric biderivation if B ,! = % ,! + % ,! ,% , ! =% , !+ % , ! , for all , , ! ∈
. Let %: × → be a biderivation, a biadditive mapping ∆: × → represents a generalized biderivationif
∆ ,! = ∆ ,! + % ,! ,, ∆ , ! = ∆ , !+ % , ! , for all , , ! ∈ . We call an additive mapping
: → is called a , derivation if = + , for all , ∈ . % .,. : × → is represents a
symmetric , biderivation if % ,! = % ,! + % , ! , for all , , ! ∈ ,where , are endomorphisms
on R. similarly for generalized , symmetric biderivation if there is a ( , biderivation such that ∆ ,! =
∆ ,! + % , ! ,, ∆ , ! = ∆ , ! + % , ! , for all , , ! ∈ . For a semiprime ring, a couple of
derivations d and g are represents orthogonal if = 0 = g(y)Rd(x), for all , ∈ and two biderivations B and
D represents orthogonal if % , $ ,! = 0 = $ ,! % , , for all , , ! ∈ . Two generalized biderivations∆(
and ∆) associated with biderivations %( and %) are called orthogonal if ∆( , ∆) , ! = 0 = ∆) ,! ∆( , , for
all , , ! ∈ .

MAINTEXT
Theorem 1

For ∆( , B( and ∆) , B) are generalized , symmetric biderivations of R, then the following are equivalent to
one another:

• Generalized , symmetric biderivations ∆( , B( and ∆) , B) are orthogonal.

• For all x, y, z ∈ R, the following relations hold.

• ∆( x, y ∆) y, z +∆) x, y ∆( y, z = 0

• B( x, y ∆) y, z + B) x, y ∆( y, z = 0.

• ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0 ,, for all x, y, z ∈ R.

• ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = 0 ,, for all x, y, z ∈ Rand B( ∆) = B( B) = 0.

• ∆( ∆) , B( B) is a generalized , symmetric biderivation and ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = 0, for all x, y, z ∈ R.

For the proof of this theorem, we need some lemmas.

Lemma 1 ([3], lemma 1)

For a two torsion free semiprime ring and a, b elements of R. Then the following are equivalent.

• axb = 0

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Orthogonality of Generalized (σ, τ) Symmetric Biderivations in Semiprime Rings 47

• bxa = 0

• axb + bxa = 0, for all x ∈ R.

If one of above conditions is satisfied, then ab = ba = 0.

Lemma 2 ([5], Lemma2)

for a two torsion free semiprimering . Suppose that two biadditive mappings B: R × R → R and D: R × R →
R satisfy B x, y RD x, y = 0 , for all x, y ∈ R.

Then B x, y RD y, z = 0 , for all x, y, z ∈ R.

Lemma 3

If ∆( , B( and ∆) , B) are orthogonal generalized , symmetric biderivations of R, then the following

relations hold.

• ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = ∆) x, y ∆( y, z = 0, hence ∆( x, y ∆) y, z + ∆) x, y ∆( y, z = 0, for all x, y, z ∈ R.

• B( and∆) are orthogonalorthogonal , symmetric biderivation and generalized , symmetric biderivation, and
B( x, y ∆) y, z = ∆) y, z B( x, y = 0, for all x, y, z ∈ R.

• orthogonal orthogonal , symmetric biderivation and generalized , symmetric biderivation, and

B) x, y ∆( y, z = ∆( y, z B) x, y = 0, for all x, y, z ∈ R.

• B( andB) are orthogonal , symmetric biderivations.

• B( ∆) = ∆) B( = 0 and B) ∆( = ∆( B) = 0.

• ∆( ∆) = ∆) ∆( = 0.

Proof (i): Since ∆( , B( and ∆) , B) are orthogonal, we have ∆( x, y r∆) y, z = 0, for all , , ! ∈ . By
lemma 1, we get ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = ∆) y, z ∆( x, y = 0, then ∆( x, y ∆) y, z + ∆) y, z ∆( x, y = 0, hence condition (i)
is proved.

Proof of (ii): Since ∆( , B( and ∆) , B) are orthogonal, we have ∆( x, y r∆) y, z = 0, for all , ,! ∈ ,
implies ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = 0. Replacing by 3 in the above equation, we find that

∆( rx, y ∆) y, z = 0

∆( r, y σ x + τ r B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0

∆( r, y σ x ∆) y, z + τ r B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0.

Since by our hypothesis of orthogonality, we seen τ r B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0, on left multiply with B( x, y ∆) y, z

to get B( x, y ∆) y, z τ r B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0. Since τ r = r ∈ R, by the semiprimeness of , B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0.
Again replace by 3 in the above equation, it becomes,

B( xr, y ∆) y, z = 0

B( x, y σ r + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, z = 0

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48 K. Chennakesavulu, B. Ramoorthy Reddy & C. Jaya Subba Reddy

B( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, z = 0, which reduces to

B( x, y σ r ∆) y, z = 0 and since σ r = r ∈ R, using Lemma 1, we get B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0. Hence condition

(ii) is proved.

Similarly we can prove condition (iii).

Proof of (iv): We have ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = 0, for all x, y, z ∈ R. Replace x by xr in expression, we find that

∆( xr, y ∆) y, z = 0

∆( x, y σ r + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, z = 0

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, z = 0.

Substituting z by zr in the above expression, we get

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, zr + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, zr = 0.

Since σ r = rand τ x = x, it reduces to ∆( x, y r∆) y, zr + xB( r, y ∆) y, zr = 0

∆( x, y r∆) y, z σ r + ∆( x, y rτ z B) y, r + xB( r, y ∆) y, z σ r + xB( r, y τ z B) y, r =0.

By using condition (ii) and (iii), we get

xB( r, y τ z B) y, r =0, which implies B( r, y τ z B) y, r x B( r, y τ z B) y, r = 0.

Sinceτ z = z and R is a semiprime, we getB( r, y zB) y, r = 0. Therefore we can write

B( x, y zB) x, y = 0. Using lemma 2, we haveB( and B) are orthogonalbiderivations.

Proof of (v): With the use of (ii) and (iv), we have B( x, y r∆) y, z = 0 and ∆) B( x, y r∆) y, z , m = 0

∆) B( x, y , m σ r∆) y, z + τ B( x, y B) r∆) y, z , m = 0

∆) B( x, y σ r∆) y, z + B( x, y rB) ∆) y, z , m + τ B( x, y B) r, m ∆) y, z = 0

Since B( and B) are orthogonal , biderivations and , are endomorphismsi.e σ>r∆) y, z ? = r∆) y, z ,
τ>B( x, y ? = B( x, y , we have ∆) B( x, y r∆) y, z = 0.

Replacing z by B( x, y z in the above equation, we have

∆) B( x, y r∆) y, B( x, y z = 0

∆) B( x, y r∆) >y, B( x, y ?σ z + ∆) B( x, y rτ B( x, y B) y, z = 0.

Since B( and B) are orthogonal , biderivations and , are endomorphisms

∆) B( x, y r∆) >y, B( x, y ?z = 0, it changes to ∆) B( x, y r∆) >y, B( x, y ?z∆) B( x, y r∆) >y, B( x, y ? = 0.

Using the semiprimeness of , then ∆) B( x, y r∆) >y, B( x, y ? = 0 which reduces to ∆) B( x, y r∆) B( x, y = 0. Again
use the semiprimeness, ∆) B( x, y = 0, in similar arguments we can prove B( ∆) = ∆( B) = B) ∆( = ∆( ∆) = ∆) ∆( = 0.

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Orthogonality of Generalized (σ, τ) Symmetric Biderivations in Semiprime Rings 49

Proof of Theorem 1

Already we seen (i) implies (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) using lemma 3.

Next we prove (ii) implies (i)

∆( x, y ∆) y, z +∆) x, y ∆( y, z = 0, substituting 3 instead of in the above expression, we find that

∆( xr, y ∆) y, z +∆) xr, y ∆( y, z = 0

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + τ x B( r, y ∆) y, z + ∆) x, y σ r ∆( y, z + τ x B) r, y ∆( y, z = 0.

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + ∆) x, y σ r ∆( y, z + τ x >B( r, y ∆) y, z + B) r, y ∆( y, z ? = 0

By our assumption (ii) of theorem, we have

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + ∆) x, y σ r ∆( y, z = 0, when 3∈ and σ r =r∈R which reduces to

∆( x, y R∆) y, z + ∆) x, y ∆( y, z = 0. Thus by Lemma 1, we have ∆( and ∆) are orthogonal.

To prove (iii) implies (i)

∆( x, y ∆) y, z = B( x, y ∆) y, z = 0, put 3 in place of in the above equation, we get

∆( xr, y ∆) y, z = 0

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z + B( r, y ∆) y, z = 0, which reduces to

∆( x, y σ r ∆) y, z = 0

Therefore ∆( and ∆) are orthogonal generalized , symmetric biderivations, for some σ r = r.

To prove (iv) implies (i)

B( B) = 0.

B( ∆) xy, z = B( @>∆) x, z σ y + τ x B) , ! ?, AB

= B( ∆) x, z σ y , A + B( τ x B) ,! ,A

= τ ∆) x, z B( σ y , A + B( ∆) x, z , A σσ y + B( , A B) , ! + ττ B( B) ,! ,A

Since , are endomorphisms, then the expression gives

B( ∆) xy, z = ∆) x, z B( , A + B( ∆) x, z , A + B( , A B) , ! + B( B) ,! ,A .

With our assumption ∆) x, z B( , A = 0, then replace by 3, we find that ∆) xr, z B( ,A = 0

∆) x, z 3 B( ,A + B) 3, ! B( ,A = 0

∆) x, z 3 B( ,A = 0

By Lemma 1 and Lemma 3, using 3 = 3, we obtain ∆) x, z B( , A = 0or B( , ∆) y, z = 0, then ∆( and

∆) are orthogonal generalized , symmetric biderivations.

To prove (v) ⟹ (i)

Since ∆( ∆) , B( B) is a generalized , symmetric biderivation with B( B) is a , biderivation. Then we get

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50 K. Chennakesavulu, B. Ramoorthy Reddy & C. Jaya Subba Reddy

∆( ∆) , ! = ∆( ∆) ,! + B( B) , ! , for all , , ! ∈ .

We have ∆( ∆) , ! = ∆( ∆) ,! ,A

= ∆( ∆) ,! + B) ,! ,A

= ∆( ∆) ,! , A + ∆( B) ,! ,A

= ∆( ∆) ,! ,A + τ ∆) , ! B( ,A +

∆( , A σ B) ,! + B( B) ,! ,A

Since , are endomorphisms, then the expression gives ∆) , ! B( , A + ∆( , A B) , ! = 0. Then replace

Aby !, we get ∆) , ! B( , ! + ∆( , ! B) , ! = 0, this can be written as

∆) , B( , ! + ∆( , B) , ! = 0. (1)

Since ∆( x, y ∆) y, z = 0

Replace z by mz in the above expression, we get

∆( x, y ∆) y, mz = 0

∆( x, y ∆) y, m ! + ∆( x, y A B) y, z = 0

∆( x, y A B) y, z = 0, therefore ∆( x, y B) y, z = 0. Then Eq.(1) becomes ∆) , B( , ! = 0, for all

, ,! ∈ .

Replace ! by !A in the above expression gives that, ∆) , B( , !A = 0

∆) , B( ,! A + ∆) , ! B( ,A = 0

∆) , ! B( , A = 0. Therefore B( and ∆) are orthogonal. Since from lemma 3, we have ∆( and ∆) are
orthogonal.

GENERALIZED , SYMMETRIC BIDERIVATIONS-ITS PRODUCTS

Theorem 2

For generalized , symmetric biderivations ∆( , B( , ∆) , B) of . Then the following conditions are equivalent

• (∆1 ∆2 ,B1 B2 is a generalized , symmetric biderivation.

• (∆2 ∆1 , B2 B1 is a generalizeds , symmetric biderivation.

• ∆1 and B2 are orthogonal, and ∆2 and B1 are orthogonal.

Proof: To prove (i) ⟹ (iii):

Assume that (∆( ∆) ,B( B) is a generalized , symmetric biderivation. Thus, as in the proof of theorem 1 (v)
⟹ DD , we have

∆( x, y B) y, z + ∆) , B( , ! = 0, for all , , ! ∈ .

Replace ! by !A in the above expression, we find that ∆( x, y B) y, zm + ∆) , B( , !A = 0

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Orthogonality of Generalized (σ, τ) Symmetric Biderivations in Semiprime Rings 51

∆( x, y B) y, z σ m + ∆( x, y ! B) y, m + ∆) , B( ,! A + ∆) , ! B( ,A

= 0E∆( x, y B) y, z + ∆) , B( , ! Fσ m + ∆( x, y ! B) y, m + ∆) , ! B( ,A = 0

∆( x, y ! B) y, m + ∆) , ! B( , A = 0, for all , ∈ .

Again replace ! by B( , ! in the above expression, we find that

∆( x, y τ B( , ! B) y, m + ∆) , τ B( , ! B( ,A = 0

Since , are endomorphisms and (∆( ∆) ,B( B) is a generalized , symmetric biderivation, B( B) is

, biderivation. Therefore B( and B) are orthogonal.

∆) , B( , !B( , A = 0 = ∆) , B( , !∆) , B( ,A

∆) , B( , ∆) , B( , A = 0. Since R is semiprimeness, we have

∆) , B( , = 0, then ∆) x, y mB( y, z = 0 ,, for all x, y, z, m ∈ R. So

∆) andB( are orthogonal, Similarly ∆( and B) are orthogonal.

To prove (iii) ⟹ (i): Since ∆( and B) are orthogonal, we have

∆( x, y rB) y, z = 0, ∆( x, y B) y, z = 0 and ∆) x, y B( y, z = 0.

Therefore ∆( ∆) , ! = ∆( ∆) ,! + B( B) ,! .

Thus ∆( ∆) , B( B) is a generalized symmetric biderivation.

(ii) ⟹ iii) and iii) ⟹ ii) is proved in a similar way.

CONCLUSIONS

• From Theorem 1, we conclude a couple, generalized , symmetric biderivations of R satisfies equivalent

conditions from (i) to (v).

• From Theorem 2, we can find ∆( ∆) , ∆) ∆( , orthogonality of ∆2 ,B1 and orthogonality of ∆1 B2 are equivalent.

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