Chemistry investigatory project on antacids

1. 1. Vinay Kumar Class Xii A Kendriya Vidyalaya IFFCO Phulpur VINAY

KUMAR XII A
2. 2. 1.CERTIFICATE 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3. AIM 4. INTRODUCTION 5.
THEORY 6. APPARATUS REQUIRED 7. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED 8.
OBSERVATION 9. RESULT 10. PRECAUTION 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY VINAY
KUMAR XII A
3. 3. KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA IFFCO PHULPUR CERTIFICATE This is to certify
that VINAY KUMAR, student of class XII-A has successfully completed the
research on project carried out in the computer lab under the guidance of
Mrs. SUMAN SHARMA (PGT Chemistry) during the year 2016-17 in partial
fulfillment of computer practical examination conducted by AISSCE, NEW
DELHI. Signature of Chemistry Teacher Signature of Principal Date:
Signature of External Examiner Roll No. VINAY KUMAR XII A
4. 4. In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have
best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support, this
time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned with
project. Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this project
with success. Then I would like to thank my principal Mr. Raveendra Ram
and Chemistry teacher Mrs.Suman Sharma whose valuable guidance has
been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof
success his suggestions and his instructions has served as the major
contributor towards the completion of the project. Then I would like to
thank my parents and friends who have helped me with their valuable
suggestions and guidance has been helpful in various phases of the
completion of the project. VINAY KUMAR XII A
5. 5. To analyze the given samples of commercial antacids by determining the
amount of hydrochloric acid they can neutralize. 5 VINAY KUMAR XII A
6. 6. INTRODUCTION Digestion in the stomach results from the action of
gastric fluid, which includes secretions of digestive enzymes, mucous, and
hydrochloric acid. The acidic environment of the stomach makes it
possible for inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be converted into
active forms (i.e. pepsinogen into pepsin),and acid is also needed to
dissolve minerals and kill bacteria that may enter the stomach along with
food. However, excessive acid production (hyperacidity) results in the
unpleasant symptoms of heartburn and may contribute to ulcer formation
in the stomach lining. Antacids are weak bases (most commonly
bicarbonates, hydroxides, and carbonates) that neutralize excess stomach
acid and thus alleviate symptoms of heartburn. The general neutralization
reaction is: Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) —> salts + H20 +
C02 VINAY KUMAR XII A
7. 7. Stomach acid is very dangerous. Stomach acid is highly acidic and has a
pH of 1.6. Stomach acid is hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach. If
there is too much stomach acid it can cause heartburn. One of the
symptoms of heartburn is a burning feeling in the chest or abdomen. An
 antacid is any substance that can neutralize an acid. All antacids are
bases. The pH of a base is 7.1-14. All antacids have chemical in them called
a buffer. When an antacid is mixed with an acid the buffer tries to even out
the acidity and that is how stomach acid gets neutralized. VINAY KUMAR
XII A
8. 8. 4.)DRUG NAMES 1. Aluminium hydroxide 2. Magnesium hydroxide 3.
Calcium carbonate 4. Sodium bicarbonate 5. Bismuth subsalicylate 6.
Ranitidine 3.)SOME FAMOUS ANTACIDBRANDS • Alka-Seltzer • Gaviscon •
Maalox (liquid) • Milk of Magnesia • Digene • Eno • Gelusil • Gas-0-Fast
VINAY KUMAR XII A
9. 9. Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer gastric acid,
raising the pH to reduce acidity in the stomach. When gastric hydrochloric
acid reaches the nerves in gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the
central nervous system. This happens when these nerves are exposed, as
in peptic ulcers. Antacids are commonly used to help neutralize stomach
acid. The action of antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts with
acid to form salt and water. 9VINAY KUMAR XII A
10. 10. VINAY KUMAR XII A
11. 11. 5.)SIDE EFFECTS -Most people who take an antacid do not have any
side- effects. However, side-effects occur in a small number of users. The
most common are diarrhoea, constipation and belching. •Aluminium
hydroxide: may lead tothe formation of insoluble aluminium phosphate
complexes, hypophosphate and osteomalacia. Aluminium containing drugs
may cause constipation. •Magnesium hydroxide has a laxative property.
Magnesium may accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to hypo
magnesemia with cardiovascular and neurological complications. •Calcium
compounds containing calcium may increase calcium output in the urine,
which might be associated to renal stones. Calcium salts may cause
constipation. •Carbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in
turn may result in altered excretion of other drugs, and kidney stones.
VINAY KUMAR XII A
12. 12. Fractional Weights VINAY KUMAR XII A Weight Box  Beakers 
Measuring Flask  Titration Flask  Pipette  Burette  Phenolphthalein
Chemicals REQUIRED  Hydrochloric Acid  Sodium Carbonate  Sodium
Hydroxide  Various samples of antacids 
13. 13. PROCEDURE 1.Standardization of NaOH- First we will take 20 ml of
0.1m HCl and titrate it with unknown concentration solution of NaOH to
find it’s concentration. 2.Determine the mass of antacid for analysis- Since
maximum of our antacids are tablet, so we will pulverize and/or grind the
antacid tablet with a mortar and pestle. Measure not more than 0.2g of the
pulverized commercial antacid tablet in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask having
a known mass. 3.Prepare the antacid for analysis- Pipette 40.0ml of
standardize 0.1M HCl (stomach acid equivalent) into the flask and swirl. 4.
Prepare the burette for titration- Prepare a clean burette. Rinse the clean
burette with two 3 to 5 ml portions of a standard NaOH solution. Record
the actual molar concentration of the NaOH. 13VINAY KUMAR XII A
14. 14. Fill the burette with the NaOH solution; be sure no air bubbles are in
the burette tip. Wait for 30 seconds and then read its initial volume.
5.Titrate the sample- Once the antacid solution has cooled, titrate the
sample with the NaOH solution to a blue end point. Watch closely, the
endpoint may only take a few milliliters, depending on the concentration of
the antacid in the sample. When a single drop of NaOH solution changes
the sample solution from yellow to blue, stop. Wait for 30 seconds and then
read the final volume of NaOH solution in the burette. a.)Repeat the
titration of the same sample- Refill the burette and repeat the experiment.
b.)Analyze another antacid- Perform the experiment, in duplicate, for
another antacid. Record all data on the report sheet. 14 VINAY KUMAR XII
A
15. 15. OBSERVATIONS S.N O Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution (ml) Titrate
Volume (ml) Concord ant Value Initial Final 1. 20 0 11.2 11.2 11.2 2. 20 11.2
22.5 11.3 3. 20 22.5 33.7 11.2 S.N O Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution
(ml) Titrate Volume (ml) Concorda nt Value Initial final 1. 40 0 8.1 8.1 8.1 2.
40 8.1 16.3 8.2 3. 40 16.3 24.4 8.1 Table 1: Standardization of NaOH Soln.
Using 0.1 M HCl Table 2: Titration of GELUCIL using 0.1 M HCl VINAY
KUMAR XII A
16. 16. S.N O Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution (ml) Titrate Value (ml)
Concor dant Value Initial Final 1. 40 0 15.4 15.4 15.4 2. 40 15.4 30. 9 15.5 3.
40 30.9 46. 3 15.4 S. NO Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution (ml) Titrat e
Value (ml) Concord ant Volume Init ial Final 1. 40 0 13.3 13.3 13.3 2. 40 13.
3 26. 7 13.4 3. 40 26. 7 40 13.3 Table 3: Titration of DIGENE using 0.1 M HCl
Table 4: Titration of ENO using 0.1 M HCl VINAY KUMAR XII A
17. 17. S.N O Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution (ml) Titrate Value Concord
ant Value Initia l Final 1. 40 0 14.6 14.6 14.6 2. 40 14.6 29.3 14.7 3. 40 29.3
43.9 14.6 S.N O Pipette Solution (ml) Burette Solution (ml) Titrate Value
(ml) Concord ant Value Initia l Final 1. 40 0 15.7 15.7 15.7 2. 40 15.7 31.5
15.8 3. 40 31.5 47.2 15.7 Table 5: Titration of OCID 20 using 0.1M HCl Table
6: Titration of GAS-O-FAST using 0.1 M HCl 1 7VINAY KUMAR XII A
18. 18. RESULT 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Clearly from the graph Gelucil required
least amount of NaOH for reaching end point thus it is more effective than
other antacid products used. Arranging in descending order our antacids
are in order :- Gelucil > ENO > Ocid 20 >Digene > Gas-O-Fast 18
19. 19. The flask should not be rinsed with any of the solution, which are
being titrated. 1 9VINAY KUMAR XII A Last drop from the pipette should
not be removed by blowing.  Air bubbles must be removed from the
burette and jet.  Burette and pipette must be rinsed with the respective
solution to be put in them.  All apparatus should be clean and washed
properly. PRECAUTIONS
20.20. Chemistry NCERT Class XII Part II VINAY KUMAR XII A Pradeep’s
New Course Chemistry  Comprehensive Practical Manual in chemistry for
class XII  www.google.com  www.wikipedia.org  www.icbse.com 
Wikipedia-the free encyclopedia BIBLIOGRAPHY