Elastic Settlement Analysis of Single Piles - Randolph

ELASTIC SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PILES

Input Quantities Value Units Comment

1. Pile Conditions
Pile Type: (f,e) e f=floating, e=end-bearing
Modulus, Ep 28000 MPa
Length, L 12 m
Pile shape: (r,s) r - r=round, s=square
Shaft Outer Diameter or Size, dso 0.51 m
Shaft Inner Diameter or Size, dsi 0 m
Base Diameter or Width, db 0.51 m
2. Loading Conditions
Applied Load, Pa 1000 kN Enter data in yellow cells only
3. Soil Conditions
Young's Modulus at Top, Est 0 MPa
Young's Modulus at Bottom, Esb 29.76 MPa
Poisson's Ratio, ns 0.24 -
Young's Modulus of Bearing Stratum, Eb 89.28 MPa

Calculated Quantities
1. Equivalent Parameters
Pile Radius, ro 0.255 m
Pile Modulus, E p
*
28000 MPa
2. Dimensionless Parameters
Underreamed Piles, h 1 -
End-bearing Piles, x 0.333333 -
Variation of Soil Modulus, r 0.5 -
Pile-soil Stiffness Ratio, l 2333.333 -
Pile Compression, z 3.12435 -
Load Settlement Ratio, ml 0.779449 -
Load Settlement Ratio, Pt/wtroGl 51.95862 -

3. Settlement
Settlement at Pa, sa 6.29 mm <== Result

Reference: "Modern methods in the design of pile foundations"

Spreadsheet by: K. Xu and J.P. Carter, Centre for Geotechnical Research, University of Sydney, AUSTRALIA
Last Modified: 14 April, 1997
 Load-Settlement Curve To Failure - Poulos

LOAD-SETTLEMENT CURVE TO FAILURE

Input Quantities Value Units Comment

1. Pile Conditions
Pile type: (f,e) f - f=floating, e=end-bearing
Modulus, Ep 20670 MPa
Length, L 12 m
Pile Shape: (r,s) r - r=round, s=square
Shaft Outer Diameter or Size, dso 0.61 m
Shaft Inner Diameter or Size, dsi 0 m
Base Diameter or Width, db 1.2 m
2. Loading Conditions
Applied Load, Pa 800 kN Enter data in yellow cells only
Shaft Yield Load, Psu 920 kN
Base Yield Load, Pbu 1750 kN
3. Soil Conditions
Young's Modulus, Es 72.4 MPa
Young's Poisson's Ratio, ns 0.5 -
Depth to Rigid Base, h 1000 m

Calculated Quantities
1. Equivalent Parameters
Pile Radius, ro 0.305 m
Area of Pile Section, Ap* 0.292247 m2
Pile Modulus, Ep* 20670 MPa
2. Dimensionless Parameters
Diameter Ratio, db/d 1.967213 -
Length and Diameter Ratio, L/d 19.67213 -
Length Ratio of Pile & Rigid Base, h/L 83.33333 -
Pile Stiffness Factor, K 285.4972 -
Influence Factor for Rigid Pile, Il 0.082846 -
Compressibility Correction Factor, Rk 1.199077 -
Poisson's Ratio Correction Factor, Rv 1-
Depth Correction Factor, Rh 0.995386 -
Proportion of Base Load, b1 0.206934 -
Compressibility Correction Factor, Ck 0.568758 -
Modulus Correction Factor, Cb 1.699159 -
Settlement Influence Factor, I 0.09888 -
Proportion of Load Carried by Pile Tip, b 0.117695 -

3. Load-Settlement Curve to Failure

Applied Load Pa 800 kN <== Results
Settlement at Pa, ra 1.79 mm
Full Shaft Yield Load, Py1 1042.724 kN
Settlement at Psu, ry1 2.33 mm
Ultimate Bearing Capacity, Pu 2670 kN
Settlement at Pu, ru 36.52 mm
Range check: ok

Reference: H.G. Poulos & E.H. Davis, "Pile foundation analysis and design", 1980, John Wiley and Sons.

Spreadsheet by: K. Xu and J.P. Carter, Centre for Geotechnical Research, University of Sydney, AUSTRALIA
Last Modified: 14 April, 1997

407062994.xls:Poulos Non-linear 01/18/2019:17:23:37

 Load-Settlement Curve To Failure - Poulos

Settlement Pile Load (kN)

0 0
3000 1.79 800.00 Applied Load
2.33 1042.72 Full slip of shaft
Ultimate
36.52 2670 Ultimate Capcity load
54.7845 2670
2500

2000
Pile Load (kN)

1500

Full slip of
1000
shaft
Applied load

500

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Settlement (mm)

407062994.xls:Poulos Non-linear 01/18/2019:17:23:37

 HGP Elastic

Table 2 Compressibility Correction Factor, Rk

Table 1 Pile Settlement Influence Factor, Il K Rk

L/d=1 L/d=2
L/d Il 10 1.1 1.2
db/d=1 db/d=2 db/d=3 20 1.06 1.12
0 1 1 1 30 1.04 1.08
5 0.201 0.187 0.14 40 1.03 1.06
10 0.15 0.125 0.115 50 1.02 1.05
15 0.09 0.1 0.113 60 1.01 1.04
20 0.087 0.082 0.074 70 1 1.03
25 0.073 0.07 0.064 80 1 1.02
30 0.063 0.062 0.059 90 1 1.01
35 0.056 0.054 0.0525 100 1 1.01
40 0.0615 0.05 0.046 200 1 1
45 0.0455 0.0445 0.043 300 1 1
50 0.0427 0.0421 0.0414 400 1 1
500 1 1
Scan the Il: 600 1 1
db/d= #REF! 700 1 1
L/d= #REF! 800 1 1
(L/d)1= #REF! 900 1 1
(L/d)2= #REF! 1000 1 1
(db/d)1= #REF! 2000 1 1
(db/d)2= #REF! 3000 1 1
(L/d)1 (L/d)2 4000 1 1
(db/d)1 #REF! #REF! 5000 1 1
(db/d)2 #REF! #REF! 6000 1 1
(Il)1= #REF! 7000 1 1
(Il)2= #REF! 8000 1 1
Il= #REF! 9000 1 1
10000 1 1

Scan the Rk
L/d= #REF!
K= #REF!
K1= #REF!
K2= #REF!
(L/d)1= #REF!
(L/d)2= #REF!
(K)1 (K)2
(L/d)1 #REF! #REF!
(L/d)2 #REF! #REF!
(Rk)1= #REF!
(Rk)2= #REF!
Rk= #REF!

Page 4
 HGP Elastic

bility Correction Factor, Rk

Rk Table 3.1 Depth Correction Factor for Settlement

L/d=5 L/d=10 L/d=25 L/d=50 L/d=100
1.55 2.29 3.34 4.63 9.35 h/l Rh
1.34 1.87 2.92 4.08 8.6 L/d=1 2
1.26 1.26 2.67 3.76 8.16 1 0 0
1.21 1.56 2.49 3.53 7.84 1.1 0.03 0.08
1.08 1.47 2.36 3.35 7.6 1.2 0.06 0.17
1.16 1.41 2.25 3.21 7.4 1.3 0.11 0.25
1.14 1.35 2.11 3.08 7.24 1.4 0.17 0.32
1.13 1.32 2.06 3 7.09 1.5 0.23 0.4
1.12 1.3 1.98 2.9 6.9 1.6 0.28 0.46
1.1 1.27 1.9 2.4 6.85 1.7 0.33 0.51
1.06 1.45 1.53 2.24 3.56 1.8 0.37 0.55
1.03 1.1 1.32 1.96 3.13 1.9 0.4 0.58
1.02 1.08 1.28 1.79 2.82 2 0.43 0.6
1.01 1.06 1.23 1.66 2.6
1 1.05 1.2 1.58 2.44 Scan the value of Rh:
1 1.04 1.17 1.5 2.31 h/L= #REF!
1 1.03 1.15 1.45 2.22 L/d= #REF!
1 1.03 1.14 1.42 2.12 (L/d)1 #REF!
1 1.02 1.13 1.37 2.03 (L/d)2= #REF!
1 1 1.06 1.18 1.56 (h/L)1= #REF!
1 1 1.04 1.11 1.39 (h/L)2= #REF!
1 1 1.02 1.06 1.29 Offset1= #REF!
1 1 1.02 1.05 1.23 Offset2= #REF!
1 1 1.01 1.04 1.19
1 1 1 1.02 1.16 Table 3.2 Rh (h/L>2)
1 1 1 1.01 1.15
1 1 1 1.01 1.14 L/d Rh
1 1 1 1.01 1.13 1 #REF!
2 #REF!
5 #REF!
10 #REF!
25 #REF!
50 #REF!

Page 5
 HGP Elastic

Table 4 Base4 Modulus Correction Factor, Rb

Correction Factor for Settlement, Rh (h/L<=2)
L/d K Rb
Rh Eb/Es=1 3
5 10 25 50 100 1 0.75
0 0 0 0 500 1 0.71
0.23 0.36 0.51 0.6 L/d=5 1000 1 0.69
0.37 0.52 0.63 0.7 5000 1 0.68
0.46 0.6 0.69 0.75 20000 1 0.67
0.54 0.65 0.73 0.78 100 1 0.77
0.59 0.69 0.76 0.8 L/d=10 500 1 0.73
0.63 0.72 0.79 0.82 1000 1 0.67
0.67 0.74 0.8 0.83 10000 1 0.67
0.69 0.76 0.82 0.85 100 1 0.98
0.72 0.78 0.83 0.86 L/d=25 500 1 0.91
0.73 0.79 0.84 0.87 1000 1 0.91
2000 1 0.81
100 1 0.99
If h/L<=2: (h/L)1 (h/L)2 500 1 0.97
(L/d)1 #REF! #REF! L/d=50 1000 1 0.94
(L/d)2 #REF! #REF! 5000 1 0.92
20000 1 0.91
Rh1= #REF! 100 1 0.99
Rh2= #REF! 500 1 0.98
Rh12= #REF! L/d=75 1000 1 0.97
5000 1 0.95
20000 1 0.93

Scan the Rb:

If h/L>2: h/L L/d= #REF! (L/d)1:
(L/d)1 #REF! K= #REF! K1
(L/d)2 #REF! Eb/Es= #REF! K2
(L/d)1= #REF!
(L/d)2= #REF! Rb1=
Rh12= #REF! K1= #REF! Rb2=
K2= #REF! Rb12=
Rh= #REF! (Eb/Es)1= #REF!
(Eb/Es)2= #REF!
Offset1= #REF!
Offset2= #REF!

Page 6
 HGP Elastic

e4 Modulus Correction Factor, Rb

Rb
10 30 100 300 1000
0.48 0.34 0.28 0.26 0.26 Table 5 Poison's Ratio Correction Factor, R
0.38 0.19 0.1 0.8 0.08
0.35 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.03 ns=
0.33 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.01 K=
0.32 0.12 0.03 0 0
0.6 0.51 0.46 0.44 0.44 K
0.47 0.3 0.2 0.17 0.16 100
0.41 0.23 0.12 0.09 0.08 500
0.37 0.18 0.06 0.02 0 1000
0.92 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83 2000
0.75 0.6 0.52 0.48 0.47
0.64 0.44 0.36 0.33 0.32 Scan the R
0.51 0.24 0.1 0.04 0.02 K1=
0.97 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 K2=
0.89 0.83 0.78 0.77 0.77
0.83 0.71 0.64 0.61 0.6 K1
0.71 0.48 0.3 0.24 0.21 K2
0.65 0.38 0.18 0.6 0.05
0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 Rn=
0.96 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89
0.92 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.78
0.79 0.61 0.47 0.4 0.37
0.74 0.49 0.26 0.17 0.14

(Eb/Es)1 (Eb/Es)2 (L/d)2 (Eb/Es)1 (Eb/Es)2

#REF! #REF! K1 #REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF! K2 #REF! #REF!

#REF! Rb3= #REF!

#REF! Rb4= #REF!
#REF! Rb34= #REF!

Rb= #REF!

Page 7
 HGP Elastic

Poison's Ratio Correction Factor, Rn

#REF!
#REF!

Rv
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!

Scan the Rn:

#REF!
#REF!
ns
#REF!
#REF!

#REF!

Page 8
 HGP Non-linear

Table 1 Pile Settlement Influence Factor, Il

L/d Il Table 2 Compress

db/d=1 db/d=2 db/d=3
0 1 1 1 K
5 0.201 0.187 0.17
10 0.13 0.125 0.11 10
15 0.1 0.1 0.09 20
20 0.087 0.082 0.074 30
25 0.073 0.07 0.064 40
30 0.063 0.062 0.059 50
35 0.056 0.054 0.0525 60
40 0.052 0.05 0.046 70
45 0.0455 0.0445 0.043 80
50 0.0427 0.0421 0.0414 90
100
Scan the Il: 200
db/d= 1.967213 300
L/d= 19.67213 400
(L/d)1= 15 500
(L/d)2= 20 600
(db/d)1= 1 700
(db/d)2= 2 800
(L/d)1 (L/d)2 900
(db/d)1 0.1 0.087 1000
(db/d)2 0.1 0.082 2000
(Il)1= 0.1 3000
(Il)2= 0.082319 4000
Il= 0.082846 5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000

Scan the Rk
L/d=
K=
K1=
K2=
(L/d)1=
(L/d)2=

(L/d)1
(L/d)2
(Rk)1=
(Rk)2=

Page 9
 HGP Non-linear

Table 3.1 Depth Correction

Table 2 Compressibility Correction Factor, Rk h/l

Rk 1
L/d=1 L/d=2 L/d=5 L/d=10 L/d=25 L/d=50 L/d=100 1.1
1.1 1.2 1.55 2.29 3.34 4.63 9.35 1.2
1.06 1.12 1.34 1.87 2.92 4.08 8.6 1.3
1.04 1.08 1.26 1.66 2.67 3.76 8.16 1.4
1.03 1.06 1.21 1.56 2.49 3.53 7.84 1.5
1.02 1.05 1.18 1.47 2.36 3.35 7.6 1.6
1.01 1.04 1.16 1.25 2.25 3.21 7.4 1.7
1 1.03 1.14 1.35 2.11 3.08 7.24 1.8
1 1.02 1.13 1.32 2.06 3 7.09 1.9
1 1.01 1.12 1.3 1.98 2.9 6.9 2
1 1.01 1.1 1.27 1.9 2.4 4.5
1 1 1.06 1.25 1.53 2.24 3.56 Scan the value of Rh:
1 1 1.03 1.1 1.32 1.96 3.13 h/L=
1 1 1.02 1.08 1.28 1.79 2.82 L/d=
1 1 1.01 1.06 1.23 1.66 2.6 (L/d)1
1 1 1 1.05 1.2 1.58 2.44 (L/d)2=
1 1 1 1.04 1.17 1.5 2.31 (h/L)1=
1 1 1 1.03 1.15 1.45 2.22 (h/L)2=
1 1 1 1.03 1.14 1.42 2.12 Offset1=
1 1 1 1.02 1.13 1.37 2.03 Offset2=
1 1 1 1 1.06 1.18 1.56
1 1 1 1 1.04 1.11 1.39 Table 3.2 Rh (h/L>2)
1 1 1 1 1.02 1.06 1.29
1 1 1 1 1.02 1.05 1.23 L/d
1 1 1 1 1.01 1.04 1.19 1
1 1 1 1 1 1.02 1.16 2
1 1 1 1 1 1.01 1.15 5
1 1 1 1 1 1.01 1.14 10
1 1 1 1 1 1.01 1.13 25
50
Scan the Rk
19.67213
285.4972
200
300
10
25
(K)1 (K)2
1.25 1.1
1.53 1.32
1.118331
1.345663 Rk= 1.199077

Page 10
 HGP Non-linear

Table 3.1 Depth Correction Factor for Settlement, Rh (h/L<=2)

Rh
L/d=1 2 5 10 25 50 Table 4 Base4 Modulus
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.03 0.08 0.23 0.36 0.48 0.6 L/d K
0.06 0.17 0.37 0.52 0.63 0.7
0.11 0.25 0.46 0.6 0.69 0.75 100
0.17 0.32 0.54 0.65 0.73 0.78 500
0.23 0.4 0.59 0.69 0.76 0.8 L/d=5 1000
0.28 0.46 0.63 0.72 0.79 0.82 5000
0.33 0.51 0.67 0.74 0.8 0.83 20000
0.36 0.55 0.69 0.76 0.82 0.85 100
0.4 0.58 0.72 0.78 0.83 0.86 L/d=10 500
0.43 0.6 0.73 0.79 0.84 0.87 1000
10000
Scan the value of Rh: 100
83.33333 If h/L<=2: (h/L)1 (h/L)2 L/d=25 500
19.67213 (L/d)1 N/A N/A 1000
10 (L/d)2 N/A N/A 2000
25 100
N/A Rh1= N/A 500
N/A Rh2= N/A L/d=50 1000
5 Rh12= N/A 5000
6 20000
100
Table 3.2 Rh (h/L>2) 500
L/d=75 1000
Rh If h/L>2: h/L 5000
0.98632 (L/d)1 0.99496 20000
0.9904 (L/d)2 0.99616
0.99352 Scan the Rb:
0.99496 L/d= 19.67213
0.99616 Rh12= 0.995386 K= 285.4972
0.99688 Eb/Es= 1
Rh= 0.995386 (L/d)1= 10
(L/d)2= 25
K1= 100
K2= 500
(Eb/Es)1= 1
(Eb/Es)2= 3
Offset1= 2
Offset2= 3

Page 11
 HGP Non-linear

Table 4 Base4 Modulus Correction Factor, Rb

Rb
Eb/Es=1 3 10 30 100 300 1000
1 0.75 0.48 0.34 0.28 0.26 0.26
1 0.71 0.38 0.19 0.1 0.08 0.08
1 0.69 0.35 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.03
1 0.68 0.33 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.01
1 0.67 0.32 0.12 0.03 0 0
1 0.77 0.6 0.51 0.46 0.44 0.44
1 0.73 0.47 0.3 0.2 0.17 0.16
1 0.67 0.41 0.23 0.12 0.09 0.08
1 0.67 0.37 0.18 0.06 0.02 0
1 0.98 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83
1 0.91 0.75 0.6 0.52 0.48 0.47
1 0.91 0.64 0.44 0.36 0.33 0.32
1 0.81 0.51 0.24 0.1 0.04 0.02
1 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
1 0.97 0.89 0.83 0.78 0.77 0.77
1 0.94 0.83 0.71 0.64 0.61 0.6
1 0.92 0.71 0.48 0.3 0.24 0.21
1 0.91 0.65 0.38 0.18 0.06 0.05
1 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96
1 0.98 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89
1 0.97 0.92 0.85 0.81 0.78 0.78
1 0.95 0.79 0.61 0.47 0.4 0.37
1 0.93 0.74 0.49 0.26 0.17 0.14

(L/d)1: (Eb/Es)1 (Eb/Es)2 (L/d)2 (Eb/Es)1 (Eb/Es)2

K1 1 0.77 K1 1 0.98
K2 1 0.73 K2 1 0.73

Rb1= 1 Rb3= 1
Rb2= 1 Rb4= 1
Rb12= 1 Rb34= 1

Rb= 1

Page 12
 HGP Non-linear

Table 6 Proportion of Base Load

Table 5 Poison's Ratio Correction Factor, Rn
L/d
ns= 0.5
K= 285.4972 0
5
K Rv 10
100 1 15
500 1 20
1000 1 25
2000 1 30
35
Scan the Rn: 40
K1= 100 45
K2= 500 50
ns
K1 1 Scan the b1:
K2 1 db/d=
L/d=
Rn= 1 (db/d)1=
(db/d)2=
(L/d)1=
(L/d)2=
Offset1
Offset2=

Page 13
 HGP Non-linear

Table 6 Proportion of Base Load, b1 Table 7 Compressibility Correction Factor, Ck

b1 K Ck
db/d=1 db/d=2 db/d=3 L/d<=2 L/d=5
1 3.5 4.5 10 0.6 0.452
0.175 0.618 0.8 30 0.79 0.661
0.11 0.369 0.573 100 0.935 0.85
0.0825 0.246 0.435 300 0.986 0.958
0.0658 0.213 0.365 1000 1 0.99
0.0573 0.17 0.318 3000 1 1
0.0514 0.144 0.266 10000 1 1
0.0461 0.129 0.233 30000 1 1
0.0416 0.117 0.216 100000 1 1
0.038 0.1 0.185
0.035 0.0845 0.175 Scan the Ck:
L/d= 19.67213
Scan the b1: K= 285.4972
1.967213 (L/d)1 (L/d)2 (L/d)1= 10
19.67213 (db/d)1 0.0825 0.0658 (L/d)2= 25
1 (db/d)2 0.246 0.213 K1= 100
2 K2= 300
15 (b1)1= 0.066783 Offset1= 4
20 (b1)2= 0.215021 Offset2= 5
2 b1= 0.206934
3

Page 14
 HGP Non-linear

ressibility Correction Factor, Ck Table 8 Base Modulus Correction Factor, Cb

Ck L/d K Cb
L/d=10 L/d=25 L/d=50 Eb/Es=1 2 4
0.234 0.065 0.028 100 1 2.4 4.3
0.438 0.169 0.065 L/d=10 500 1 2.4 4.3
0.774 0.44 0.169 1000 1 2.4 4.3
0.914 0.711 0.431 20000 1 2.4 4.3
0.97 0.903 0.738 100 1 3.3 6
0.991 0.968 0.911 L/d=25 500 1 3.3 6
1 1 0.98 1000 1 3.3 6
1 1 1 20000 1 3.3 6
1 1 1
Scan the Cb:
L/d= 19.67213 L/d=10 K1
K1 K2 K= 285.4972 (Eb/Es)1 1
(L/d)1 0.774 0.914 Eb/Es= 1 (Eb/Es)2 1
(L/d)2 0.44 0.711 (L/d)1= 10
(L/d)2= 25 (Cb)1= 1
(Ck)1= 0.780314 K1= 100 (Cb)2= 2.4
(Ck)2= 0.452223 K2= 500 (Cb)12= 1.599156
Ck= 0.568758 (Eb/Es)1= 1
(Eb/Es)2= 2
Offset1= 2
Offset2= 3

Page 15
 HGP Non-linear

orrection Factor, Cb

Cb
10 40 100 300 1000
5.8 7 7.22 7.45 7.46
6.21 7.8 8.26 8.55 8.56
6.21 8 8.4 8.7 8.71
6.21 8.15 8.6 9 9
7.55 8.5 8.85 9 9.01
9 11.7 12.6 13.1 13.2
9.2 12.5 13.5 14.5 14.5
9.35 13.3 15.5 15.7 16

K2 L/d=25 K1 K2
2.4 (Eb/Es)1 1 3.3
2.4 (Eb/Es)2 1 3.3

(Cb)3= 1
(Cb)4= 3.3
(Cb)34= 1.896953

Cb= 1.699159

Page 16