BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus

IInd SEMESTER 2016-17 (25/02/2017)

TEST I SOLUTION MM:60 Weight:20% PHY F343

Instructions: All questions are compulsory. Answer the sub-parts of the question at the same
place.
h
USE: h̄c = 197 M eV f m; h̄ = 2π ; h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js, GeV = 103 M eV , 1eV = 1.6 × 10−19 J,
1M eV = 10 eV , me = 0.5M eV , mp = mn = 939 M eV , R = r0 × A1/3 f m
6

1S1/2 ; 1P3/2 , 1P1/2 ; 1D5/2 , 2S1/2 , 1D3/2 ; 1F7/2 ; 2P3/2 , 1F5/2 , 2P1/2 , 1G9/2 ; 2D5/2 , 1G7/2 , 2D3/2 ,
3S1/2 , 1H11/2 , Nomenclature of Nuclei: ‘A Z XN ’.

2
   2
  
LDM terms: 17.8 (A2/3 ), 15.75 (A), 23.70 (N −Z)
A
, 0.71 AZ1/3 , 33.5 A3/41

g = [(2j − 1)gl + gs]/(2j) for j = (l + 1/2) & g = [(2j + 3)gl − gs ]/[2(j + 1)] for j = (l − 1/2)
glp = 1, gsp = 5.58; gln = 0, gsn = −3.82

27
Q1. Consider the decay of 14 Si →27
13 Al. [14 marks]

A) Complete the decay process equation for the same. [4]

SOLUTION: Its a positron emission process, where a n → p and therefore, the
balanced equation is (with proper lepton family).
27
14 Si →27 +
13 Al + e + νe (1)

B) Assume that the parent nuclei does not recoil and the daughter nuclei is produced at rest
during the process. If the maximum energy of the emitted β− particle be 3.48 M eV ,
which results from the mass difference between the parent & daughter nuclei, calculate
the nuclear radius constant from the given data. Assume that the nuclei are spherically
charged sphere of charge Ze and radius R. [10]
SOLUTION: The difference in the mass of the mirror nuclei mentioned in the reaction
is primarily because of the difference in the coulomb energy. For a spherical nuclei with
2
charge Ze and radius R = r0 × A1/3 , the energy us EC = 3(Ze) 5R
, which is released.
For the charge balance, the net energy of the emitted positron will be Ee+ + 2me c2 .
Therefore,

3(e)2 2
3.48 + 1.02 = (Zp − Zd2 ) (2)
5R
3 e2 1
!
4.5 = h̄c A−1/3 (142 − 132 )
5 h̄c r0
r0 = 1.72 f m,
e2
for h̄c
= 1/137, h̄c = 197 M eV f m and A = 66.

66
Q2. Use the single particle shell model for the nuclei 33 X33 to answer the following. [20]

A) What is the ground state spin-parity ‘J π ’ of the nuclei (use Brennan-Bernstein rules).
What are the possible spin-parity states of the same? [6+4=10]
SOLUTION: This is an odd-odd nuclei, the 33rd proton and neutron both goes in

1
 the 1F5/2 state, i.e., jn = jp = 5/2 and ln = lp = 3 and both are the particle states.
The Northeim’s number is
N = (jp − lp ) + (jn − ln ) (3)
= −1.
The net spin is then defined by |J = jn + jp | = 5. The parity is then π = (−1)l−n+lp =
+(even). Therefore, the ground state spin parity is J π = 5+ .

However, there are a set of possible spin states for odd-odd nuclei given by J = |jn −
jp | → |jn + jp |, i.e., they are 0+ , 1+ , 2+ , 3+ , 4+ & 5+ .
B) Estimate the magnetic moment (dipole) of the nuclei. [10]
SOLUTION: This is an odd-odd nuclei, the 33rd proton and neutron both goes in the
1F5/2 state, i.e., jn = jp = 5/2, ln = lp = 3 and is a j = l−1/2 state. The corresponding
g-factors for the lone n and the lone p is given by
gjn = [(2j + 3)gln − gsn ]/[2(j + 1)] (4)
3.38
=
7
gj = [(2j + 3)glp − gsp ]/[2(j + 1)]
p

2.42
= .
7
The corresponding magnetic moment contribution of the n and p will be (in terms of
nuclear magneton),
µn = gjn jn (5)
= 1.20µN
µp = gjp jp
= 0.86µN .
Therefore, the net magnetic moment of the nucleus is µX = µn + µp = 2.06 µN .

Q3. Use the LDM model to answer the following. [26]

A) Deduce the expression for the most stable isobar for any nuclei A
Z X. [10]
A
SOLUTION: The mass of any nuclei Z X is given by
M (A, Z) = Zmp + (A − Z)mn − BE, where, (6)
2 2
! !
Z (N − Z) 1
 
BE = av (A) − as (A2/3 ) − ac − a sym ± a p
A1/3 A A3/4

The minimization of this mass wrt Z leads us to for any Z = Z0 as a function of mass
number A, which is
!
∂M
= 0 (7)
∂Z A=const.
.
" #
(mn − mp ) + 4 asym
⇒ Z0 = A (8)
2 ac A2/3 + 8 asym
.

2
B) Use the above obtained expression to find the most stable isobar for A = 66. [6]
SOLUTION: Using eqn. (8), plugging in the respective values, we obtain for A = 66,
Z = Z0 = 29.5 ≈ 30. This leads to an even even nuclei 66
30 X36 and therefore the pairing
term must be added to the net binding energy.
C) Calculate the binding energy per particle of the nuclei 66
33 X33 using LDM. [10]
SOLUTION: The binding energy of the odd-odd nucleus is (pairing energy will be
deducted),

Z2 (N − Z)2
! !
1
 
2/3
BE = 15.75 (A) − 17.8 (A ) − 0.71 − 23.70 − 33.5 (9).
A1/3 A A3/4

The contributions from the respective terms (in MeV) will be,

V olume = 15.75 × 66 = +1039.50 (10)

Surf ace = 17.8 (A2/3 ) = −282.70
Z2
!
Coulomb = 0.71 = −194.00
A1/3
(N − Z)2
!
Symmetry = 23.70 =0
A
1
 
P airing = 33.5 = −1.45.
A3/4
The net binding energy is then = 561.35 MeV. Therefore, the binding energy per particle
will be 8.50 MeV.