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AIR CRAFT
PROPULSION
IN 1940s
COURTESY: BOEING
MUSEUM/SEATTLE/WA
PURPOSE OF GAS TURBINE
GAS TURBINE
A GAS TURBINE IS A COMBUSTION TURBINE BASED ROTARY ENGINE THAT EXTRACTS ENERGY
FROM EXPANSION AND EJECTION OF HOT GAS
T-08-GE400-TURBOSHAFT ENGINE
MT30 RR MMARRINE GAS TURBINE
WIND TURBINE
AN INDUSTRIAL LAND BASED GAS TURBINE(IGT)
Power Generation
Single Shaft
Output
Turbine Engine Shaft Power
3)Expansion
(Turbine)
2) Combustion
1) Compression
Two Shaft
Output Turbine Engine
Shaft Power
Mechanical Drive
10
LAND-BASED POWER GENERATION
HISTORY OF GAS TURBINES
• Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle
• Patented in 1934
• First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by
Germans during second world war
• Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT
engines
• Used for power generation
Intake
Slow down incoming air
Remove distortions
Compressor
Dynamically Compress air
Combustor
Heat addition through chemical reaction
Turbine
Run the compressor
Nozzle/ Free Turbine
Generation of thrust power/shaft power
EXAMPLE OF MILITARY ENGINE:
TURBOJET OR LOW-BYPASS RATIO TURBOFAN
Extreme Temperature Environment
Combustor
1
5
2
3 4
FUEL CONSUMPTION TREND
• U.S. airlines, hammered by soaring oil prices, will spend $5
billion more on fuel this year or even a greater sum,
draining already thin cash reserves
• Airlines are among the industries hardest hit by high oil
prices, which have jumped 38 percent in just 12 months.
• Airline stocks fell at the open of trading Tuesday as a spike
in crude-oil futures weighed on the sector
Fuel Burn
JT8D
JT9D PW4084
Future
Turbofan
PW4052
NOTE: No Numbers
Turbine
Inlet Combustor
Cooling
Holes
YSZ TBCLAYER(250µm)
MULLITE:
ALUMINA + SILICA
BSAS: BaO-SrO-Al2O3-SiO2
Issues and Opportunities in AEROGAS
TURBINE