Behavior Therapy Cognitive behavior
therapy
Behavior is the product of
learning. We are both the
product and the producer of the
environment. No set of unifying
The Basic assumptions about behavior can
Philosophies incorporate all the existing
procedures in the behavioral
field.
Focus is on overt
behavior,precision in specifying
goals of treatment,development
Key of specific treatment plans, and
Concepts objective evaluation of therapy
outcomes.Present behavior is
given attention. Therapy is based
on the principles of learning
theory.Normal behavior is
learned through reinforcement
and imitaion.Abnormal behavior
is the result of faulty learning.
To eliminate maladaptive
behaviors and learn more
effective behaviors. To focus on
Goals of factors influencing behavior and
Therapy find what can be done about
problematic behavior.Clients
have an active role in setting
treatment goals and evaluating
how well these goals are being
met.
Reality therapy
therapy
Individuals tend to incorporate
faulty thinking,which leads o
emotional and behavioral
disturbances.Cognitions are the
major determinants of how we feel
and act.Therapy is primarily
oriented toward cognition and
behavior, and it stresses the role of
thinking,deciding,questioning,doing
and rediciding.This is a
psychoeducational model,which
emphasizes therapy as a learning
process,including acquiring and
practicing new skills,learing new
ways of thinking and acquiring
more effective ways of coping with
problems.
Although psychological problems
may be rooted in childhood, they
are perpetuated through
reindoctrination in the now. A
person’s belief system is the
primary cause of disorders.Internal
dialogue plays a central role in
one’s behavior.Clients focus on
examining faulty assumptions and
misconceptions and on replacing
these with effective beliefs.
To challenge clients to confront
family beliefs with contradictory
evidence that they gather and
evaluate. To help clients seek out
their rugud beliefs ad minimize
them to become aware of
automatic thoughts and to change
them.
Family systems
Based on choice The family is viewed from an
theory,this approach interactive and systemic
assumes that we are by perspective.Clients are
nature social creatures connected to a living system; a
and we need quality change in one part of the
relationships to be system will result in a change
happy. Psychological in other parts.The family
problems are the result provides the context for
of our resisting the understanding how individuals
control by others or of function in relationship to
our attempt to control others and how they behave.
others. Choice theory is Treatment is best focused on
an explanation of the family unit.An individual’s
human nature and how dysfunctional behavior grows
to best achieve out of the interactional unit of
satisfying interpersonal the family and out of larger
relationships. systems as well.
The basic focues is on Focus is on communication
what clients are doing paterns within a family, both
and how to get them to verbal and
evaluate whether their nonverbal.Problems in
present actons are relationships are likely to be
woring for them.People passed on from generation to
are mainy motivated to generation.Symptoms are
satisfy their viewed as ways of
needs,especially the communicating with the aim
need for significant of controllng other family
relationships.The members.Key concepts vary
approach rejects the depending on specific
medical model,the orientation but include
notion of transference, differentiation,triangles,power
the unconcious,and coalitions, family of origin
dwelling on one’s past. dynamics,functional versus
dysfunctional interaction
patterns,and dealing with
here and now interactions.
The present is more imporant
than exploring past
experiences.
To help people become To help family members gain
more effective in awareness of patients,of
meeting their needs.To relationship that are not
enable clients to get working well and to create
reconnected with the new ways of interacting to
people they have relieve their distress.
chosen to put into their
quality worlds and
teach clients choice
theory.
 The therapist is active and
The directive and functions as a
teacher or trainer in helping
Therapeutic clients earn more effective
Relationship behavior.Clients must be active
in the process and experiment
with new behaviors.Although a
quality client-therapist
relationship is not viewed as
sufficient to bring about
change,it is considered essential
for implementing behavioral
procedures.
Major criticisms are that it may
Imitaions of change behavior but not feelings;
that it ignores the relational
The factors in therapy; that it does
Approaches not provide insight; that it
ignores historical causes of
present behavior,that it involves
control and manipulation by the
therapist,address certain aspects
of the human condition.
In REBT the therapist functions as a
teacher and the client as a student.
The therapist is highly directive and
teaches clients an ABC model of
changing their cognitions.In CT the
focus is on a collaborative
relationship. Using a Socratic
dialogue,the therapist assists
clients is identifying dysfunctional
beliefs and discovering alternative
rules for living. The therapist
promotes corrective experiences
that lead to learning new
skills.Clients gain insight into their
problems and then must actively
practice changing self- defeating
thinking and acting.
Tends to play down emotions,does
not focus on exploring the
unconcioud of underlyiing conflict
and sometimes does not gave
enough weight to clients past
REBT,being a confrontational
therapy, might lead to premature
termination.CT might be too
structured for some clients.
A therapist’s main The family therapist functions
function is to create a as a teacher,coach,model,and
good relationship with consultant. The family learns
the client.Therapists are ways to detect and solve
then able to engage problems that are keeping
clients in an evaluation members stuck and it learns
of all their relationships about patterns that have been
with respect to what transmitted from generation
they want and how to generation.Some
effective they are in approaches focus on the role
getting this. Therapists of therapist as expert; others
find out what clients concentrate on intensifying
want, ask what they are what is going on in the here
choosing to do, invite and now of the family
them to evaluate session.All family therapists
present behavior,help are concerned with te process
them to make a of family interaction and
commitment. The teaching patterns of
therapist is a client’s communication.
advocate, as long as the
client is willing to
attemt to behave
responsibly.
Discounts the Limitations include problems
therapeutic vale of in being able to involve all the
exploration of the members of a family in
client’s past,dreams, the therapy.Some family members
unconcious, early may be resistant to changing
childhood experiences, the sructure of the
and transference. The system.Therapists’ self
approach is limited to knowlede and willingness to
less complex work on their own family of
problems.It is a problem oriin issues is crucial,for the
solving therapy that potential for
tends to discourage countertransference is high. It
exploration of deeper is essential that the therapist
emotional issues.It is be well trained ,received
vulnerable to quality supervison,and be
practitioner who want competent in assessing and
to “fix” clients quickly. treating individuals in a family
context.