IoT based Waste Management:An Application to
Smart City
Daniya Rukiya
Anjuman Institue of Technology and
Management, Bhatkal
daniyarukiya00@gmail.com
Abstract—Emerging Technologies of IoT are transforming
slowly with Cities administration. As cities will generate waste at
an alaraming rate which needs collection of waste in smarter
way, this collection of waste must be within time and trip
planning should be done in real time, based on the status of
waste. Earlier efforts were on collection of waste with smart bins
but garbage collection to their places and plan trip in an optimal
path is not much considered. In this paper, proposed IoT
technologies with management of waste and trip management in
cities is done, so that cost and time are reduced with optimized
path for waste collection. Thus proposed effective results for
same.
Keywords— Smart bin, Global Positing System(GPS); Internet
of Things(IoT), Ultrasonic sensor, Genetic Algorithm(GA).
I. INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things is a connection of devices. Devices
connected to network, transfer data and communicate each
other provided with a Unique Identifier (UID), with or without
interaction from human to human/human to computer.
Automation of human life is goal of an IoT. It’s an ever
growing Technology connecting sensors, object extends to
computing capability and also allowing devices to generate,
exchange and data consumption[8].
Urban development is the vision of smart city, to Integrate
Information and Communication Technology(ICT) and IoT
Technology to remain safe and to manage a city’s asset. Smart
city includes smart economy, smart people, smart governance,
smart environment, smart business, smart living and smart
mobility. Smart city provides quality of life[9].
Waste management is a consistently developing issue at
local and global levels. Normally, human and animal activities
emerge has solid wastes and are futile and undesirable. The
residential waste items are gathered through waste bins at a
typical place at a specific spot for a road/area. Waste bins
checking procedure for waste collection is one of the major
troublesome tasks. The typical technique by which, a man
needs to wander through the distinctive spots and check the
spots for waste accumulation. This is to some degree complex
and time consuming process. Presently, waste management
system is not as effective as it ought to have been taken over
the progressions in the advances and technologies that
emerged in the current years. There is no surety about
the
Umme Farwa Khateeb
Anjuman Institue of Technology and
Management, Bhatkal
ummefarwa@gmail.com
administration/clearing of wastes at all the spots[10]. To
conquer this issue another approach, proposed automated
waste management system.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Review of papers is carried to know the background,
current working procedure and existing system flaws, where
we can workout on unsolved problems. A variety of related
papers have been reviewed and summarized as follows.
They focus mainly on collection. Current management
activity of system and Waste characterization was the main
objective to study and to determine[1]. It was demonstrated at
thoubal muncipalty, which highlights municipal solid waste
management (MSWM) system. And also leaves with
suggestions, present management system to be improved
which will be useful for authorities to work further also. Smart
bin is not used here.
In paper[2] Author introduces technologies like Global
Position System, Radio Frequency Identification, General
Packet Radio Service, Geographic Information System and
web camera are integrated devices. RFID reader device in
truck will read both customer and also bin information.
Efficient waste collection is achieved. Truck management is
also done but is not in optimized way.
Writer of this paper introduces two models of routing they
are dynamic and semi static[3]. Further, accumulation of
waste in city is done by facilitating IoT a routing model
dynamically is designed and in case of tragedy it’s robust.
Research related to waste collection concentrates on routing
and scheduling dynamic design. Though lesser amount of
research indicates gathering waste for smarter cities
assistance.
Author explains[4] that sensor helps to know the level of
garbage at maximum level, Micro- controller acts has interface
between sensor and GSM system. GUI is to monitor garbage
information for different locations selected. If garbage is not
collected when maximum filled message reaches higher
authority to take serious action which inturn will help to
reduce number of trip for garbage collection and also can
reduce expenditure. Collecting garbage is efficiently managed.
This work express to find the shortest route[5] using route
algorithm and predictions, which will reduce the work force,
reduce trucks number for cleaning, can save consumption of
fuel by trucks and also can save tax payer’s money. Smart bin
application of model helps in managing waste collection.
Sensors with network connected to bins generating large data
through cellular network. Further visualization and
analyzation is done on real time to know status of city’s waste
allover.
Originator proposed a robust, dynamic routing
algorithm[6] for trucks when they are damaged and
overloaded replacement is needed. This gives framework for
two variety of trucks for collection of waste, the High
Capacity Trucks (HCTs) and the Low Capacity Trucks
(LCTs).By using trucks of big capacity can store large waste
thus, reducing cost for operational collection of waste is due to
reduction of trip plan to dumps.
Here author came up with model of scheduling
dynamically for query called top–k[7]. Collection of solid
waste is done by dynamic scheduling were each bin alerts
when capacity level reaches top. Further developed GUI user-
friendly android app and evaluated based on experimental of
waste collection. Finally, real data and synthetically proposed
models were evaluated from St. Petersburg municipality,
Russia. Collection of data for trip cost is high.
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
Generating more waste in cities leads to seviour health
problems. So, there is a need of collecting waste in smarter
way applying optimistic and also applied on demand for
collection of trips.
Figure 1. Proposed methodology
In figure 1 shows bin end and server end where bin end
consists of devices like ultrasonic sensor, microcontroler,
GSM/GPRS shield. Ultrasonic sensor which is placed on the
top of bin collects the data and transmit to server side through
GSM/GPRS shield. At sever end all informatin is stored on to
database. Based on database plan for optimised path using
genetic algorithm. Bin placement planner is done manualy.
Buzzer is used to avoid overflow of bins.
IV. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
This chapter provides the collection of experiments and
results. Figure.2 describes how the percentage of waste filled
inside bin, and it is done with the help of ultrasonic sensor
which is placed on the top of dust bin. Ultrasonic sensor sends
out the high frequency sound pulse and then times how long it
takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back and it is
indicated by black colour in the figure. Dashed lines indicates
the level of garbage filled.
Figure 2. Smart bin
To check the status of bin following formulas are used,
Fill_dist = Tot_dist – Emt_dist
% Filled = (Tot_dist – fill_dist) / fill_dist * 100
Where,
Tot_dist denotes total distance of the dust bin.
Fill_dist denotes the filled distance of garbage inside bin.
Emp_dist denotes empty distance which is unfilled portion of
bin.
This calculated percentage filled data is sent with the help
of GSM shield in from of Short Message Service (SMS) and
this information is stored in the database at the server side.
To carry out experiments, one should need the verity of
informations such as binid, binaddress, latitude, longitude etc.
To store such informations MySQL database is used as
backend tool and java netbeans as a frontend tool. Data Stored
in Database. In the Graphical User Interface(GUI) four
different panels and are as follows first ‘bin addition’, second
‘view bin status’, third ‘collection planning’ and fourth ‘log’
which gives the way to collect the waste in an optimized
manner. In bin addition panel the details of bin such as bin id,
bin address, location of bin i.e latitude and longitude of the bin
and number of sim inserted in GSM shield is added and this
data is stored in to the database.
Next Panel is ‘view bin status’ panel where it has two tabs
one is ‘view’ that shows the ‘filled percentage’ of provided
bin id and other one is to ‘view all’ tab it will shows particular
position of each bin in map has shown in figure 3. This map
shows three colours in which green colour indicates the level
of bin 0% - 33.33%, yellow colour indicates the level of bin
33.34% - 66.66 and finally red colour indicates the level of bin
is almost filled 66.67% -100%.
The figure 4 shows the ‘collection planning’ panel where it
will take the collection threshold value. By clicking ‘View
bins’ tab it will show the bins above the threshold value using
the map as shown in figure 5. For the same threshold value it
will display the route in an optimized way with the help of the
‘plan trip’ has shown in figure 6.
 The log panel that is last panel which displays the final
distance of the optimized path with the optimized route.
Figure 3. View all bins
Figure.4 Specifying the collection threshold value
Figure.5 View of bins above the specified threshold value
Figure.6 Optimized path for the specified threshold value
Algorithm for calculating Optimized path using GA.
Step.1- Original population is created randomly for
separate string for the TSP problem that has been given
and representation of matrix is created between two
cities along with cost of the path.
Step.2- Every chromosome in population is assigned
with the fitness using criteria to measure fitness
F(x) =1/x where, total cost is represented by x
If the value of threshold is nearer to String value then it
depends on selection guidelines.
Step 3- Select two chromosomes from existing parent
population can generate latest off-spring inhabitants by
affect of crossover mechanism.
Step 4- Transform the resulting off-springs if it’s
essential.
Step 5- Until we obtain optimal solution iterates step 3 and
step 4.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on existing works in smart waste collection as
surveyed, came up with certain issues. Keeping this in mind
proposed smart bin involving multiple technologies like
Ultrasonic sensor, ardunio microcontroller, GSM/GPRS shield
and buzzer are used to measure the level of waste inside bin
and educates to server through wireless connection. Buzzer is
used to avoid overflow of bin. Ultrasonic sensor is used to find
the status of bin with measure of echo back distance.
GSM/GPRS shield used to send message through wireless
connection. Based on data stored at database, path
optimization is done using genetic algorithm, through this
work the cost and time is reduced drastically as compared with
the previous works. The results carried out for this work are
satisfactory and encouraging. Further bin positioning may be
automated by using previous history form database which any
be the future scope of this work.
References
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[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city.
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management.

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