Polyaspartic Coatings -

Latest developments for extending performance

PDA Europe Conference,

Vienna, November 18-20 2008
Do Polyaspartic Coatings fit into the PDA ?

Yes !
Polyurea is not a singular product made out of aliphatic polyether-
amines and MDI-based prepolymers

Polyurea offers a wide range of properties and Polyaspartic Coatings

are just one example out of manys

Pure polyurea as pure Polyaspartic Coatings are only based on amine-

terminated resins and isocyanate prepolymers

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 2

 Polyaspartic Esters

O O
H H
R' N N R'
O X O
O O
R' R'
O O

Structure of polyaspartic esters

Product Solid content Equivalent Viscosity Reactivity

weight mPas
Desmophen NH 1520 100% 290 1500 low
Desmophen NH 1420 100% 276 1500 mid
Desmophen NH 1220 100% 234 100 high

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 3

 Reaction to a Polyaspartic Coating

O H O R2
R1
H
N R1 N N
O R2 O C R3
+ N C O
O R3 O O
R1 R1
O O

Aspartic Aliphatic polyisocyanate ‘Polyaspartic Coating’

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 4

Known properties of Polyaspartic Coatings

- Fast curing , improved productivity

- Variable cure speed , 2 min → 40 min

- Low VOC , 80 → 99.x % solid content (near zero VOC)

- Thin to moderate film build , 100 → 600 µm

- Color and UV stable

- Hard, durable film , very good abrasion resistance

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 5

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ?

- How to speed up reactivity without changing the materials ?

- How to extend pot life ?

- How to increase chemical resistance ?

- How to increase film thickness ?

- How to reduce the viscosity ?

- How to reduce raw material cost ?

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 6

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ?

Ideas : - Plasticizer

- Polyol combinations

- New polyasparticester

- Isocyanate modifications

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 7

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Plasticizer use

Effect on elongation
% Plasticizer % Elongation @ break
10 3%
20 3.5%
30 4%

% Gloss loss (60º) 1000-hours

Control -4
5% Plasticizer -20
7% Plasticizer -33

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 8

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Plasticizer use

Advantages : · Can reduce viscosity

· Does not influence reactivity

Disadvantages : · Effect on elongation very poor

· Can weaken the light stability
· Will squeeze out of the film at
elevated temperatures

Summary : Not recommended

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 9

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Polyol combinations

Options : - Polyester-polyoles → to be tested

- Polyether- polyoles → negative influence on UV stability

(chalking/cracking)

- NOPs → 2 NOPs tested, incompatibility

- Polyacrylate-polyoles → solvent free products to high in viscosity

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 10

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Polyol combinations

Polyester-polyol , example

% Modification % Elongation @ break

15% polyester polyol 4%
33% polyester polyol 94%
50% polyester polyol 120%

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 11

 Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Polyol combinations

Polyester-polyol , example
60000

50000
viscosity (mPa·s)

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time (min)

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 12

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Polyol combinations

Polyester-polyoles

Advantages : · Does influence elongation

· Can increase light stability

Disadvantages : · Still a high amount needed

· Compatibility has to be tested
for each product

Summary : In general polyol combinations are not recommended

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 13

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? New Polyasparticester

· New experimental products were developed.

· Very good influence on the elongation

· Fast and moderate reactivity possible

· But registration issues in the EU and other regions / countries

Summary : For the time being not an option in most parts of the world

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 14

 Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Isocyanate modifications

Standard isocyanate : · Low viscose asymetric HDI trimer Desmodur XP 2410

NCO : 23.5 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 700 mPa·s, F = 3.x

Possible modifications : · HDI-oligomer Desmodur N 3400

NCO : 22 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 150 mPa·s
· symetric HDI-trimer Desmodur N 3600
NCO : 23.5 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 1200 mPa·s
· modified HDI-trimer Desmodur N 3800
NCO : 11 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 6000 mPa·s
· HDI-/IPDI-polyisocyanate Desmodur NZ1
NCO : 23.5 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 700 mPa·s
· HDI-polyether-prepolymer Desmodur XP 2599
NCO : 6 % , viscosity @ 23°C : 2500 mPa·s

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 15

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Isocyanate modifications

Modification (100%) % Elongation @ break

Standard < 2%
HDI-oligomer 160 %
Symetric HDI-trimer < 2%
Modified HDI-trimer 110 %
HDI-/IPDI-polyisocyanate < 2%
HDI-polyether-prepolymer 100 %

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 16

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Isocyanate modifications

Modification with modified HDI-trimer

% Modification % Elongation @ break

0 <2%
25% 5%
50% 10 %
75% 40 %
100% 110%

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 17

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Isocyanate modifications

Modification with modified HDI-polyether-prepolymer

% Modification %Elongation @ break

25% 4%

50% 6%

75% 70 %

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 18

Still open questions

- How to make flexible films ? Isocyanate modifications

Advantages : · Does influence elongation

· Can decrease viscosity
· Mechanical properties can be adjusted by
blending different isocyanates
· Can reduce viscosity

Disadvantages : · Handling of another raw material

Summary : Modification of choice

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 19

Still open questions

- How to speed up reactivity without changing raw materials ?

· Tertiary amines e.g. Addocat® PP

from RheinChemie Rheinau GmbH

· Light stabilizer combinations e.g. Ciba® TINUVIN® 292 / 1130 (1:1)

from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.

Remarks : - DBTL will reduce the reactivity

- The “right” amount has to be tested with the
actual formulation

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 20

Still open questions

- How to extend pot life ?

· Oxazolidines e.g. Hardener VP LS 2959

or Incozol 2
from Industrial Copolymers Ltd

· Molecular sieve powder 4Å e.g. Sylosiv® A4

from W. R. Grace & Co

Pot life @ 23°C , min

Standard 15 min
Oxazolidine , 0.75 % on formulation 23 min
Sylosiv A4 , 1.5 % on formulation 60 min

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 21

Still open questions

- How to increase chemical resistance ?

· Combination with other polyoles : Not an option

See page 10 – 13

· Increase cross linking NCO : NH : ≥ 1.5

Only suitable option right now
Important Note : Existing patent for the USA

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 22

Still open questions

- How to increase film thickness ?

The limitation of the film thickness, approx. 300 µm roller application, is based
on humidity/moisture influences during the curing time.

· Molecular sieve powder 4Å e.g. Sylosiv® A4

from W. R. Grace & Co

· Degasing : degasing of the comp. B (polyisocyanate)

increases the max. DFT due to higher
solubility of CO2 in the liquid coating
material

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 23

Still open questions

- How to reduce viscosity ?

· Reactive diluents : Aldimines / Ketimines

e.g. Desmophen LS 2963A + VP LS 2142
limitation @ approx. 5% addition due to
rapid skin formation and yellowing

· Isocyanate combinations : a blend with a low viscose isocyanate,

e.g. Desmodur N 3400

· Plasticizer : not an option, see page 9

· Solvents : due to VOC regulation in most cases

not an option

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 24

Still open questions

- How to reduce raw material costs ?

That‘s something for the future far, far away …… ☺

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 25

.2008-11 • Michael Casimir, Karl Wuehrer, Peg Kendi, page 26