Systematic approach for verifying published Activated Sludge Models

A systematic approach for model verification:
application on seven published Activated Sludge Models
H. Hauduca,b, L. Riegerb,c, I. Takácsd, A. Héduita, P.A. Vanrolleghemb and S. Gillota*
a
Cemagref, UR HBAN, Parc de Tourvoie, BP 44, F-92163 Antony Cedex, France.
b
modelEAU, Université Laval, Département de génie civil, Pavillon Adrien-Pouliot, 1065 av. de la Médecine, Québec (QC), G1
c
EnviroSim Associates Ltd., 7 Innovation Drive, Suite 205, Flamborough (ON), L9H 7H9, Canada.
d
EnviroSim Europe, 15 Impasse Fauré, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
* Corresponding author (E-mail: Sylvie.gillot@cemagref.fr)
Abstract
The quality of simulation results can be significantly affected by errors in the published model (typing, inconsistencies, ga
numerical model description. Seven of the most commonly used activated sludge models have been investigated to point ou
model publications: (1) ASM1 (Henze et al., 1987; republished in Henze et al., 2000a); (2) ASM2d (Henze et al., 1999; repub
al., 1999; corrected version published in Gujer et al., 2000); (4) ASM3+Bio-P (Rieger et al., 2001); (5) ASM2d+TUD (Meijer, 2
UCTPHO+ (Hu et al., 2007).
A systematic approach to verify models by tracking typing errors and inconsistencies in model development and software im
kinetic rate expressions are checked for each model and the errors found are reported in detail. A spreadsheet (http://w
corrected matrices with the calculations of all stoichiometric coefficients for the discussed biokinetic models and gives an exam
Keywords ASM, Continuity, Composition Matrix, Errors, Gujer Matrix, Model implementation, Petersen Matrix
Reference:
H. Hauduc, L. Rieger, I. Takács, A. Héduit, P.A. Vanrolleghem and S. Gillot (2010). A systematic approach for mod
Activated Sludge Models. Water Science and Technology, 61(4), 825-839.
Parameters
* Henze M., Grady C. P. L. Jr, Gujer W., Marais G. v. R. and Matsuo T. (2000) Activated Sludge Model No. 1, IW
Technical Report No. 9, London IWA.
**The parameters and variables newly introduced in this study are named according to the standardised
al., 2010) and thus may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Soluble biodegradable organics
Soluble undegradable organics
Dissolved oxygen
State Variables
Particulate biodegradable organics

Particulate undegradable organics from the influent
Particulate undegradable endogenous products
Ammonia (NH4 + NH3)
Nitrate and nitrite (NO3 + NO2) (considered to be NO3 only for stoichiometry)
Particulate biodegradable organic N

Soluble biodegradable organic N
Ordinary heterotrophic organisms
Autotrophic nitrifying organisms (NH4+ to NO3-)
Alkalinity (HCO3-)
Yield for XOHO growth
Fraction of XU generated in biomass decay
Yield of XANO growth per SNO3
N content of biomass (XOHO, XPAO, XANO)
N content of products from biomass

Stoichiometry
Conversion factor for NO3 reduction to N2
Conversion factor for NO3 in COD
Conversion factor for N2 in COD
Conversion factor for NHx in charge
Conversion factor for NO3 in charge
Maximum specific hydrolysis rate
Saturation coefficient for XB/XOHO
Correction factor for hydrolysis under anoxic conditions

Maximum growth rate of XOHO
Reduction factor for anoxic growth of XOHO
Half saturation parameter for SB
Kinetic
Decay rate for XOHO

Half saturation parameter for SO2
Half saturation parameter for SNOx
Half saturation parameter for NH4*

Maximum growth rate of XANO
Decay rate for XANO
Rate constant for ammonification

Half saturation parameter for SNHx
*same KNH,H value as ASM2d has been chosen

ers Original publication
tivated Sludge Model No. 1, IWA Publishing, Scientific and Corrections
according to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et
Standardised Value*
Parameter ** notation unit T=20°C
SS SB Aerobic growth of
g COD.m-3 1
heterotrophs
SI SU Anoxic growth of
g COD.m-3 2
heterotrophs
SO SO2 Aerobic growth of

- g COD.m-3 3
autotrophs
XS XCB g COD.m-3 4 Decay of heterotrophs

XI XU,Inf g COD.m-3 5 Decay of autotrophs
XP XU,E Ammonification of soluble

g COD.m-3 6
organic Nitrogen
SNH SNHx Hydrolysis of entrapped

g N.m-3 7
organics
SNO SNOx Hydrolysis of entrapped

g N.m-3 8
organic nitrogen
XND XCB,N g N.m-3
SND SB,N g N.m-3 COD

XB,H XOHO g COD.m-3 N
XB,A XANO g COD.m-3 Charge
SALK SAlk mol HCO3-.m-3
YH YOHO g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.67

fP fXU_Bio,lys g XU.g XBio-1 0.08
YA YANO g XAUT.g SNO3-1 0.24

iXB iN_XBio g N.g XBio-1 0.086
iXP iN_XUE Aerobic growth of

g N.g XUE-1 0.06 1
heterotrophs
iNOx,N2 iNOx,N2 Anoxic growth of

g COD.g N-1 2.857 2
heterotrophs
iCOD_NOx iCOD_NOx Aerobic growth of

g COD.g N-1 -4.571 3
autotrophs
iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.714286 4 Decay of heterotrophs
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.071 5 Decay of autotrophs
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NOx Ammonification of soluble

Charge.g N-1 -0.071429 6
organic Nitrogen
kh qXCB_SB,hyd Hydrolysis of entrapped

g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 3 7
organics
KX KXCB,hyd Hydrolysis of entrapped

g XCB.g XOHO-1 0.03 8
organic nitrogen
ηh nqhyd,Ax - 0.4
μH μOHO,Max d-1 6 COD
ηg nμOHO,Ax - 0.8 N
Ks KSB,OHO g SB.m-3 20 Charge
bH bOHO d-1 0.62
KO,H KO2,OHO g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH,H KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.05

μA μANO,Max d-1 0.8
bA bANO d-1 0.15
ka qam m3.g XCB,N-1.d-1 0.08
KO,A KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.4
KNH KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1
Aerobic growth of
1
heterotrophs
Anoxic growth of
2
heterotrophs
Aerobic growth of
3
autotrophs
4 Decay of heterotrophs
5 Decay of autotrophs
Ammonification of soluble
6
organic Nitrogen
Hydrolysis of entrapped
7
organics
8
organic nitrogen
Components
Aerobic growth of
heterotrophs
Anoxic growth of heterotrophs
Aerobic growth of autotrophs
Decay of heterotrophs
Decay of autotrophs
Ammonification of soluble
organic Nitrogen
organics
organic nitrogen
* Missing kinetic terms that have not been corre

ASM1
publication Henze M., Grady C. P. L. Jr, Gujer W., Marais G. v. R. and Matsuo T. (2000) Activated Sludge Model N
ections added term corrected term term to be careful with
Corrected M
SI SS XI XS XB,H XB,A XP SO
-1/YH 1 -(1-YH)/YH
-1/YH 1
-(-iCOD_NOx-
1
YA)/YA
1-fP -1 fP
1-fP -1 fP
1 -1
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1
0 0 0 0 iXB iXB iXP 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Corrected Mat
SU SB XU,Inf XCB XOHO XANO XU,E SO2
-1/YOHO 1 -(1-YOHO )/YOHO
-1/YOHO 1
-(-iCOD_NOx-
1
YANO )/YANO
1-fXU_Bio,lys -1 fXU_Bio,lys
1-fXU_Bio,lys -1 fXU_Bio,lys
1 -1
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1
0 0 0 0 iN_XBio iN_XBio iN_XUE 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Co
S_I S_S X_I X_S X_B.H X_B.A X_P S_O
-1.49 1 -0.49
-1.49 1
1 -18.05
0.92 -1 0.08
0.92 -1 0.08
1 -1
Kinet
Component Function Conseq
Consumed component (every state variable with a negative sign) L
Biomass involved in the process proportio
Other required component L
Inhibitory component I
S_I S_S X_I X_S X_B.H X_B.A X_P S_O

ms that have not been corrected (please refer to the article)
Activated Sludge Model No. 1, IWA Publishing, Scientific and Technical Report No. 9, London IWA.
Corrected Matrix: Original Notation

SNO SNH SND XND SALK
-iXB -iXB*iCharge_NHx
-(1-YH)/ -(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH)*iCharge_NOx-
-iXB
(iNOx,N2*YH) iXB*iCharge_NHx
-
1/YA -iXB-1/YA (iXB+1/YA)*iCharge_NHx+(1/YA)*i
Charge_NOx
iXB-fP*iXP
iXB-fP*iXP
1 -1 iCharge_NHx
1 -1
tion Matrix
iCOD_NOx 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NHx 0 0 -1
rrected Matrix: Standardised Notation
SNO3 SNHX SB,N XCB,N SAlk
-iN_XBio -iN_XBio*iCharge_NHx
-(1-YOHO -(1-YOHO )/(iNOx,N2*YOHO )

-iN_XBio
)/(iNOx,N2*YOHO ) *iCharge_NOx-iN_XBio*iCharge_NHx
-(iN_XBio+1/YANO )
1/YANO -iN_XBio-1/YANO
*iCharge_NHx+(1/YANO )*iCharge_NOx
iN_XBio-
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XUE
iN_XBio-
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XUE
1 -1 iCharge_NHx
1 -1
tion Matrix
iCOD_NOx 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NHx 0 0 -1
Continuity check
S_NO S_NH S_ND X_ND S_ALK
-0.09 -0.006
-0.17 -0.09 0.006
4.17 -4.25 -0.60
0.0812
0.0812
1 -1 0.07
1 -1
Kinetic checking matrix

Consequence on the kinetic rate
Limitation monod function
proportional to the biomass concentration
Inhibitory monod function
S_NO S_NH S_ND X_ND S_ALK

*
*
SN2 Pocess rate
μH*[SS/(KS+SS)]*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH,H+SNH)]*XB,H
(1-YH)/
μH*[SS/(KS+SS)]*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO+SNO)]*[SNH/(KNH,H+SNH)]*ηg*XB,H
(iNOx,N2*YH)
μA*[SNH/(KNH+SNH)]*[SO/(KO,A+SO)]*XB,A
bH*XB,H
bA*XB,A
ka*SND*XB,H
kH*[(XS/XB,H)/(KX+XS/XB,H)]*([SO/(KO,H+SO)]+ηh*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/
(KNO+SNO)])*XB,H
kH*(XND/XS)*[(XS/XB,H)/(KX+XS/XB,H)]*([SO/(KO,H+SO)]+ηh*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/
(KNO+SNO)])*XB,H
iCOD_N2
1
0
SN2 Pocess rate
μOHO,Max*[SB/(KS+SB)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,OHO+SNHX)]*XOHO
(1-YOHO
μOHO,Max*[SB/(KS+SB)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNHX/
)/(iNOx,N2*YOH
(KNHx,OHO+SNHX)]*nμOHO,Ax*XOHO
O
)
μANO,Max*[SNHX/(KNHx,ANO+SNHX)]*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*XANO
bOHO*XOHO
bANO*XANO
qam*SB,N*XOHO
qXCB_SB,hyd*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXB,hyd+XCB/XOHO)]*([SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]
+nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)])*XOHO
qXCB_SB,hyd*(XCB,N/XCB)*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXB,hyd+XCB/XOHO)]*([SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]
+nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)])*XOHO
iCOD_N2
1
0
Composition Matrix
COD N Charge
S_I 1 0 0
S_S 1 0 0
X_I 1 0 0
X_S 1 0 0
X_B.H 1 0.086 0
X_B.A 1 0.086 0
X_P 1 0.06 0
S_O -1 0 0
S_NO -4.57 1 -0.071
S_NH 0 1 0.071
S_ND 0 1 0
X_ND 0 1 0
S_ALK 0 0 -1
S_N2 -1.7142857142857 1 0
S_N2
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.172
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
S_N2
Parameters
* Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., Matsuo T., Wentzel M. C., Marais G.v.R., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. (2000). Act
Technical Report No. 9, London IWA.
consistent with the original model notation.
Fermentable organic matter
Fermentation product (considered to be acetate)
Dissolved oxygen
Particulate undegradable organics
Ammonium and ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + NH3)

State variables
State variables Dissolved nitrogen gas
Soluble inorganic phosphorus
Autotrophic nitrifying organisms (NH4 to NO3-)
Phosphorus accumulating organisms
Storage compound in PAOs
Stored polyphosphates in PAOs
Metal hydroxide compounds

Metal phosphate compounds
Alkalinity (HCO3-)
Total suspended solids
Fraction of inert COD generated in hydrolysis

Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA
Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized
Yield for XPAO,PP requirement (SPO4 release) per XPAO,PHA stored (SAc utilized)
XMeOH requirement per SPO4 utilized
XMeP formation per SPO4 utilized

Conversion factor for SAc (CH3COO-)in charge
Conversion factor for PO4 in charge
Conversion factor for XPAO,PP (K0.33Mg0.33PO3)n in charge
N content of SF
Stoichiometry
N content of SU
N content of XU
N content of XB
Sto N content of biomass (XOHO, XPAO, XANO)
P content of SF
P content of SU
P content of XU
P content of XB
P content of biomass (XOHO, XPAO, XANO)
Conversion factor for XMeP (FePO4) in P
Conversion factor XU in TSS

Conversion factor XB in TSS
Conversion factor XPAO,PHA in TSS
Conversion factor biomass in TSS
Conversion factor XPAO,PP in TSS

Half saturation parameter for XCB/XOHO

Correction factor for hydrolysis under anaerobic conditions
Half saturation/inhibition parameter for SO2
Half saturation/inhibition parameter for SNOx
Rate constant for fermentation / Maximum specific fermentation growth rate
Half saturation parameter for SF
Half saturation parameter for SAc

Decay rate for XOHO
Half saturation parameter for fermentation of SF

Half saturation parameter for SPO4
Half saturation parameter for SAlk
Rate constant for SAc uptake rate (XPAO,PHA storage)
Kinetic
Rate constant for storage of XPAO,PP

Maximum ratio of XPAO,PP/XPAO
Half saturation parameter for XPAO,PP/XPAO
Half Inhibition parameter for XPAO,PP/XPAO
Maximum growth rate of XPAO
Reduction factor for anoxic growth of XPAO
Saturation constant for XPAO,PHA/XPAO
Endogenous respiration rate of XPAO
Rate constant for Lysis of XPAO,PP
Rate constant for respiration of XPAO,PHA

Half saturation parameter for SPO4 uptake (XPAO,PP storage)
Half saturation parameter for SPO4 as nutrient (XPAO growth)
Decay rate for XANO
Rate constant for P precipitation

Rate constant for redissolution
Half saturation parameter for alkalinity

meters
drecht M.C.M. (2000). Activated Sludge Model No. 2d, IWA Publishing, Scientific and
ding to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et al., 2010) and thus may not be
Parameter ** Standardised notation Value*

unit T=20°C
SF SF g COD.m-3 1
SA SAc g COD.m-3 2
SI SU g COD.m-3 3
SO2 SO2 - g COD.m-3 4
XS XCB g COD.m-3 5
XI XU g COD.m-3 6
SNH4 SNHx g N.m-3 7
SNO3 SNOx g N.m-3 8

SN2 SN2 g N.m-3 9
SPO4 SPO4 g P.m-3 10
XH XOHO g COD.m-3 11
XAUT XANO g COD.m-3 12
XPAO XPAO g COD.m-3 13
XPHA XPAO,PHA g COD.m-3 14
XPP XPAO,PP g P.m-3 15
XMeOH XMeOH g TSS.m-3 16

XMeP XMeP g TSS.m-3 17
SALK SAlk mol HCO3-.m-3 18
XTSS XTSS g TSS.m-3 19
fSI fSU_XCB,hyd g SU.g XCB-1 0 20
YH YOHO g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.625 21
fXI fXU_Bio,lys g XU.g XOHO-1 0.1
YPAO YPAO g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.625
YPHA YPHA_PP g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.2
YPO4 YPP_PHA,PAO g XPP.g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc-1 0.4
YA YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.24

fMeOH_PO4,MW fMeOH_PO4,MW g XMeOH. g SPO4-1 -3.45
fMeP_PO4,MW fMeP_PO4,MW g XMeP. g SPO4-1 4.86
iNOx,N2 iNOx,N2 g COD.g N-1 2.857
iCOD_NOx iCOD_NOx g COD.g N-1 -4.571
iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.714

iCharge_Ac iCharge_Ac Charge.g COD-1 -0.016
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.071 1
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NOx Charge.g N-1 -0.071 2
iCharge_PO4 iCharge_PO4 Charge.g P-1 -0.048 3
iCharge_XPAO,PP iCharge_XPAO,PP Charge.g P-1 -0.032 4
iN,SF iN_SF g N.g SF-1 0.03 5
iN,SI iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.01 6
iN,XI iN_XU g N.g XU-1 0.02 7
iN,XS iN_XCB g N.g XCB-1 0.04 8

iN,BM iN_XBio g N.g XBio-1 0.07 9
iP,SF iP_SF g P.g SF-1 0.01 10
iP,SI iP_SU g P.g SU-1 0 11
iP,XI iP_XU g P.g XU-1 0.01 12
iP,XS iP_XCB g P.g XB-1 0.01 13
iP,BM iP_XBio g P.g XBio-1 0.02 14
iP_MeP iP_MeP g P.g XMeP-1 0.206 15
iTSS,XI iTSS_XU g TSS.g XU-1 0.75 16

iTSS,XS iTSS_XCB g TSS.g XCB-1 0.75 17
iTSS,XPHA iTSS_XPAO,PHA g TSS.g XPHA-1 0.6 18
iTSS,BM iTSS_XBio g TSS.g XBio-1 0.9 19
iTSS,XPP iTSS_XPAO,PP g TSS.g XPP-1 3.23 20

Kh qXCB_SB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 3 21
KX KXCB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1 0.1
ηNO3,HYD nqhyd,Ax - 0.6
ηfe nqhyd,An - 0.4
KO2,HYD KO2,hyd g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO3,HYD KNOx,hyd g N.m-3 0.5
μH μOHO,Max d-1 6
ηNO3,H nμOHO,Ax - 0.8
qfe qSF_Ac,Max g SF.g XOHO-1.d-1 3
KF KSF,OHO g SF.m-3 4
KA,H KAc,OHO g SAc.m-3 4
bH bOHO d-1 0.4
Kfe Kfe g SF.m-3 4
KO2,H KO2,OHO g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO3,H KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH4,H KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.05
KP,H KPO4,OHO g SPO4.m-3 0.01
KALK,H KAlk,OHO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.1
qPHA qPAO,Ac_PHA g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 3
qPP qPAO,PO4_PP g XPP.g XPAO-1.d-1 1.5
KPP fPP_PAO,Max g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.01
KMAX KS,fPP_PAO g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.34
KiPP KI,fPP_PAO g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.02
μPAO μPAO,Max d-1 1
ηNO3,PAO nμPAO - 0.6
KPHA KfPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.01
bPAO mPAO d-1 0.2
bPP bPP_PO4 d-1 0.2
bPHA bPHA_Ac d-1 0.2

KA,PAO KAc,PAO g SAc.m-3 4
KO2,PAO KO2,PAO g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO3,PAO KNOx,PAO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH4,PAO KNHx,PAO g SNHx.m-3 0.05
KPS KPO4,PAO,upt g SPO4.m-3 0.2 1

KP,PAO KPO4,PAO,nut g SPO4.m-3 0.01 2
KALK,PAO KAlk,PAO mol HCO3-.m -3
0.1 3
μAUT μANO,Max d-1 1 4
bAUT bANO d-1 0.15 5
KO2,AUT KO2,ANO g SO2.m -3
0.5 6
KNH4,AUT KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m -3
1 7
KP,AUT KPO4,ANO g SPO4.m-3 0.01 8
KALK,AUT KAlk,ANO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.5 9
kPRE qP,pre m3.g Fe(OH)3-1.d -1
1 10
kRED qP,red d-1 0.6 11
KALK,PRE KAlk,pre mol HCO3-.m -3 0.5 12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
A
Original publication Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., Matsuo T., Wentzel M. C., Marais G.v
Corrections added term
SO2 SF SA SNH4
-((1-fSI)*iN,SF+fSI*iN,SI-
Aerobic hydrolysis 1-fSI
iN,XS)
Anoxic hydrolysis 1-fSI
iN,XS)
Anaerobic hydrolysis 1-fSI
iN,XS)
Aerobic growth on SF -(1-YH)/YH -1/YH -(-1/YH*iN,SF+iN,BM)
Aerobic growth on SA -(1-YH)/YH -1/YH -iN,BM
Anoxic growth on SF -1/YH -(-1/YH*iN,SF+iN,BM)
Anoxic growth on SA -1/YH -iN,BM
Fermentation -1 1 iN,SF
-(fXI*iN,XI+(1-fXI)*iN,XS-
Lysis
iN,BM)
Storage of XPHA -1
Aerobic Storage of XPP -YPHA
Anoxic Storage of XPP
-(1-
Aerobic growth of XPAO -iN,BM
YPAO)/YPAO
Anoxic growth of XPAO -iN,BM
Lysis of XPAO
iN,BM)
Lysis of XPP
Lysis of XPHA 1
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Aerobic growth of XAUT -iN,BM-1/YA
YA)/YA
Lysis
iN,BM)
Precipitation
Redissolution
Composition Matrix
COD -1 1 1
N iN,SF 1
P iP,SF
Charge iCharge_Ac iCharge_NHx
TSS
SO2 SF SAc SNHx
-((1-
1- fSU_XCB,hyd)*iN_SF+fSU_XC
Aerobic hydrolysis fSU_XCB,hyd
*i -i
B,hyd N_SU N_XCB
)
-((1-
Anoxic hydrolysis fSU_XCB,hyd
*i -i
B,hyd N_SU N_XCB
)
-((1-
Anaerobic hydrolysis fSU_XCB,hyd
*i -i
B,hyd N_SU N_XCB
)
-(1-
Aerobic growth on SF -1/YOHO -(-1/YOHO*iN_SF+iN_XBio)
YOHO)/YOHO
-(1-
Aerobic growth on SA -1/YOHO -iN_XBio
YOHO)/YOHO
Anoxic growth on SF -1/YOHO -(-1/YOHO*iN_SF+iN_XBio)
Anoxic growth on SA -1/YOHO -iN_XBio
Fermentation -1 1 iN_SF
-(fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+(1-
Lysis
fXU_Bio,lys)*iN_XB-iN_XBio)
Storage of XPHA -1
Aerobic Storage of XPP -(1/YPHA_PP)
-(1-
Aerobic growth of XPAO -iN_XBio
YPAO)/YPAO
Anoxic growth of XPAO -iN_XBio
Lysis of XPAO
fXU_Bio,lys)*iN_XCB-iN_XBio)
Lysis of XPP
Lysis of XPHA 1
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Aerobic growth of XAUT -iN_XBio-1/YANO
YANO)/YANO
Lysis
fXU_Bio,lys)*iN_XCB-iN_XBio)
Precipitation
Redissolution
Composition Matrix
COD -1 1 1
N iN_SF 1
P iP_SF
Charge iCharge_Ac iCharge_NHx
TSS
S_O2 S_F S_A S_NH4
Aerobic hydrolysis 1 0.01

Anoxic hydrolysis 1 0.01
Anaerobic hydrolysis 1 0.01
Aerobic growth on SF -0.60 -1.60 -0.022
Aerobic growth on SA -0.60 -1.60 -0.07
Anoxic growth on SF -1.60 -0.022
Anoxic growth on SA -1.60 -0.07
Fermentation -1 1 0.03
Lysis 0.032
Storage of XPHA -1
Aerobic Storage of XPP -0.20
Aerobic growth of XPAO -0.60 -0.07
Anoxic growth of XPAO -0.07
Lysis of XPAO 0.032
Lysis of XPP
Lysis of XPHA 1
Aerobic growth of XAUT -18.05 -4.24
Lysis 0.032
Precipitation
Redissolution
Component Function
Consumed component (every state variable with a
Biomass involved in the process
Other required component
Inhibitory component
S_O2 S_F S_A S_NH4

Aerobic hydrolysis
Anoxic hydrolysis
Anaerobic hydrolysis
Aerobic growth on SF
Aerobic growth on SA
Anoxic growth on SF
Anoxic growth on SA
Fermentation
Lysis
Storage of XPHA
Aerobic Storage of XPP
Aerobic growth of XPAO
Anoxic growth of XPAO
Lysis of XPAO
Lysis of XPP
Lysis of XPHA
Aerobic growth of XAUT
Lysis
Precipitation
Redissolution
ASM2d
o T., Wentzel M. C., Marais G.v.R., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. (2000). Activated Sludge Model No. 2d, IWA Publishing, Scien
ded term corrected term term to be careful with
Corrected Matri
SNO3 SPO4 SI SALK
-((1-fSI)*iP,SF+fSI*iP,SI-
fSI iCharge_NHx*v1_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v1_PO4
iP,XS)
iP,XS)
iP,XS)
-(-1/YH*iP,SF+iP,BM) iCharge_NHx*v4_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v4_PO4
iCharge_NHx*v5_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v5_PO4+iChar
-iP,BM
ge_Ac
*v5_SA
iCharge_NHx*v6_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v6_PO4+iCha
-(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) -(-1/YH*iP,SF+iP,BM)
rge_NOx
*v6_NOx
iCharge_NHx*v7_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v7_PO4+iCha
-(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) -iP,BM
rge_NOx
*v7_NOx+iCharge_Ac*v7_SA
iCharge_NHx*v8_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v8_PO4+iChar
iP,SF
ge_Ac
-(iP,XI*fXI+(1-fXI)*iP,XS-
iCharge_NHx*v9_NH4+iCharge_PO4*v9_PO4
iP,BM)
-iCharge_Ac+iCharge_PO4*YPO4-
YPO4
iCharge_XPAO,PP*YPO4
-1 -iCharge_PO4+iCharge_XPAO,PP
-
-YPHA*(1/iNOx,N2) -1 iCharge_PO4+iCharge_NOx*v12_NOx+iCharge_XPA
O,PP
-iP,BM iCharge_NHx*v13_NH4-iP,BM*iCharge_PO4
-(1-
iCharge_NHx*v14_NH4+iCharge_NOx*v14_NOx-
YPAO)/YPAO*(1/iNOx, -iP,BM
iP,BM*iCharge_PO4
N2
)
-(fXI*iP,XI+(1-fXI)*iP,XS-
iP,BM)
1 iCharge_PO4-iCharge_XPAO,PP
iCharge_Ac
(-iN,BM-
1/YA -iP,BM 1/YA)*iCharge_NHx+1/YA*iCharge_NOx-
iP,BM*iCharge_PO4
-(fXI*iP,XI+(1-fXI)*iP,XS-
iP,BM)
-1 -iCharge_PO4
1 iCharge_PO4
iCOD_NOx 1
1 iN,SI
1 iP,SI
iCharge_NOx iCharge_PO4 -1
Corrected Matrix:
SNO3 SPO4 SU SAlk
-((1-
fSU_XCB,hyd)*iP_SF+fSU_XC fSU_XCB,hyd iCharge_NHx*v1_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v1_SPO4
*i -i
B,hyd P_SU P_XCB
)
-((1-
*i -i
B,hyd P_SU P_XCB
)
-((1-
*i -i
B,hyd P_SU P_XCB
)
-(-1/YOHO*iP_SF+iP_XBio) iCharge_NHx*v4_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v4_SPO4
iCharge_NHx*v5_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v5_PO4+iCh
-iP_XBio
arge_Ac
*v5_SAc
-(1-YOHO)/ iCharge_NHx*v6_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v6_SPO4+i
-(-1/YOHO*iP_SF+iP_XBio)
(iNOx,N2*YOHO) Charge_NOx
*v6_SNOx
-(1-YOHO)/ iCharge_NHx*v7_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v7_SPO4+i
-iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YOHO) Charge_NOx
*v7_SNOx+iCharge_Ac*v7_SAc
iCharge_NHx*v8_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v8_SPO4+iC
iP_SF
harge_SAc
-(iP_XU*fXU_Bio,lys+(1-
iCharge_NHx*v9_SNHx+iCharge_PO4*v9_SPO4
fXU_Bio,lys)*iP_XB-iP_XBio)
-iCharge_Ac+iCharge_PO4*YPP_PHA,PAO-
YPP_PHA,PAO
iCharge_XPAO,PP*YPP_PHA,PAO
-1 -iCharge_PO4+iCharge_XPAO,PP
- -
(1/YPHA_PP)*(1/iNOx, -1 iCharge_PO4+iCharge_NOx*v12_SNOx+iCharge_XP
N2
) AO,PP
-iP_XBio iCharge_NHx*v13_SNHx-iP_XBio*iCharge_PO4
-(1-
iCharge_NHx*v14_SNHx+iCharge_NOx*v14_SNOx-
YPAO)/YPAO*(1/iNOx, -iP_XBio
iP_XBio*iCharge_PO4
N2
)
-(fXU_Bio,lys*iP_XU+(1-
fXU_Bio,lys)*iP_XCB-iP_XBio)
1 iCharge_PO4-iCharge_XPAO,PP
iCharge_Ac
(-iN_XBio-
1/YANO -iP_XBio 1/YANO)*iCharge_NHx+1/YANO*iCharge_NOx-
iP_XBio*iCharge_PO4
-(fXU_Bio,lys*iP_XU+(1-
fXU_Bio,lys)*iP_XCB-iP_XBio)
-1 -iCharge_PO4
1 iCharge_PO4
iCOD_NOx 1
1 iN_SU
1 iP_SU
iCharge_NOx iCharge_PO4 -1
Contin
S_NO3 S_PO4 S_I S_ALK
0 0 0.001
0 0 0.001
0 0 0.001
-0.004 -0.001
-0.02 0.021
-0.21 -0.004 0.014
-0.21 -0.02 0.036
0.01 -0.014
0.01 0.002
0.4 0.009
-1 0.016
-0.07 -1 0.021
-0.02 -0.004
-0.21 -0.02 0.011
0.01 0.002
1 -0.016
-0.016
4.17 -0.02 -0.599
0.01 0.002
-1 0.048
1 -0.048
Kinetic ch
Component Function Consequence on the kine
onent (every state variable with a negative sign) Limitation monod functio
iomass involved in the process proportional to the biomass conc
Other required component Limitation monod functio
Inhibitory component Inhibitory monod function
S_NO3 S_PO4 S_I S_ALK

del No. 2d, IWA Publishing, Scientific and Technical Report No. 9, London IWA.

SN2 XI XS XH XPAO XPP XPHA
-1
-1
-1
(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) 1
(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) 1
fXI 1-fXI -1
-YPO4 1
1 -YPHA
YPHA*(1/iNOx,N2) 1 -YPHA
1 -1/YPAO
(1-
YPAO)/YPAO*(1/iNOx, 1 -1/YPAO
N2
)
fXI 1-fXI -1
-1
-1
fXI 1-fXI
iCOD_N2 1 1 1 1 1
1 iN,XI iN,XS iN,BM iN,BM
iP,XI iP,XS iP,BM iP,BM 1
iCharge_PP
iTSS,XI iTSS,XS iTSS,BM iTSS,BM iTSS,XPP iTSS,XPHA
rected Matrix: Standardised Notation

SN2 XU XCB XOHO XPAO XPAO,PP XPAO,PHA
-1
-1
-1
(1-YOHO)/
1
(iNOx,N2*YOHO)
(1-YOHO)/
1
(iNOx,N2*YOHO)
fXU_Bio,lys 1-fXU_Bio,lys -1
-
YPP_PHA,PA 1
O
1 -(1/YPHA_PP)
(_/YHA_PP)*(1/iNOx,N2
1 -(1/YPHA_PP)
)
1 -1/YPAO
(1-
YPAO)/YPAO*(1/iNOx, 1 -1/YPAO
N2
)
fXU_Bio,lys 1-fXU_Bio,lys -1
-1
-1
fXU_Bio,lys 1-fXU_Bio,lys
iCOD_N2 1 1 1 1 1
1 iN_XU iN_XCB iN_XBio iN_XBio
iP_XU iP_XCB iP_XBio iP_XBio 1
iCharge_PP
iTSS_XU iTSS_XCB iTSS_XBio iTSS_XBio iTSS_XPAO,PP iTSS_XPAO,PHA
Continuity check
S_N2 X_I X_S X_H X_PAO X_PP X_PHA
-1
-1
-1
1
1
0.21 1
0.21 1
0.1 0.9 -1
-0.4 1
1 -0.2
0.07 1 -0.2
1 -1.60
0.21 1 -1.60
0.1 0.9 -1
-1
-1
0.1 0.9

S_N2 X_I X_S X_H X_PAO X_PP X_PHA

XAUT XTSS XMeOH XMeP Pocess ra
-iTSS,XS Kh*[SO2/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[(XS/X
Kh*ηNO3,HYD*[KO2,HYD/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[SNO
-iTSS,XS
(XS/XH))]*X
Kh*ηfe*[KO2,HYD/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[KNO3,HYD
-iTSS,XS
(XS/XH))]*X
μH*[SO2/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SF/(KF+S
iTSS,BM
(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)
μH*[SO2/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SA/(KA,H+S
iTSS,BM
(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)
μH*ηNO3,H*[KO2,H/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SNO3/(K
iTSS,BM
(SF+SA)]*[SNH4/(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,
μH*ηNO3,H*[KO2,H/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KN
iTSS,BM
(SF+SA)]*[SNH4/(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,
qfe*[KO2,H/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[KNO3,H/(KNO3,H
(KALK,H+SALK)
fXI*iTSS,XI+(1-fXI)*iTSS,XS-iTSS,BM b H * XH
qPHA*[SA/(KA,PAO+SA)]*[SALK/(KALK,PA
-YPO4*iTSS,XPP+iTSS,XPHA
q *[S /(K (XPP/XPAO))]*
PP O2 O2,PAO
iTSS,XPP-YPHA*iTSS,XPHA (KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[(XPHA
q *η
PP
*[S (K/(IPP
NO3,PAO
KNO3
+SNO3)]
NO3,PAO
iTSS,XPP-YPHA*iTSS,XPHA (KPS+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SAL
(XPHA/XPAO))]*[(KMax-XPP/XPAO)/(KI
μPAO*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNH4/
iTSS,BM-1/YPAO*iTSS,XPHA (KP,PAO+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+S
(XPHA/XPAO))]*
μPAO*ηNO3,PAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*
iTSS,BM-1/YPAO*iTSS,XPHA (KNH4,PAO+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,PAO+SPO4)]*[SA
(KPHA+(XPHA/XPA
fXI*iTSS,XI+(1-fXI)*iTSS,XS-iTSS,BM bPAO*XPAO*[SALK/(KA
-iTSS,XPP bPP*[SALK/(
-iTSS,XPHA bPHA*[SALK/(
μAUT*[SO2/(KO2,AUT+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4,AUT+S
1 iTSS,BM
(KALK,AUT+SALK)
-1 fXI*iTSS,XI+(1-fXI)*iTSS,XS-iTSS,BM bAUT*XAU
kPRE*SPO4*X
f_MeOH_PO4.MW+f_MeP_PO4.MW f_MeOH_PO4.MW f_MeP_PO4.MW
kRED*XMeP*[SALK/(KA
-(f_MeOH_PO4.MW+f_MeP_PO4.MW) -f_MeOH_PO4.MW -f_MeP_PO4.MW
1
iN,BM
iP,BM iP_XMeP
iTSS,BM -1 1 1
XANO XTSS XMeOH XMeP Pocess ra
-iTSS_XCB qXCB_SB,hyd*[SO2/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[(XCB/XOH
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,hyd/(K
-iTSS_XCB
(KNOx,hyd+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KX
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,An*[KO2,hyd/(K
-iTSS_XCB
(KNOx,hyd+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KX
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,
iTSS_XBio
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+SPO
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,O
iTSS_XBio
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+SPO
μOHO,Max*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO
iTSS_XBio (KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNH
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KA
μOHO,Max*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2
iTSS_XBio (KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SN
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KA
qSF_Ac,Max*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[K
(KSF,fe+SF)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,O
fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU+(1-
bOHO*XOH
fXU_Bio,lys)*iTSS_XB-iTSS_XBio
-
qPAO,Ac_PHA*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[SAlk/(K
YPP_PHA,PAO*iTSS_XPAO,PP+iTSS_XPA
(fPP_PAO,Max+(XPAO,PP/
O,PHA
qPAO,PO4_PP*[SO2/(KO2,PAO
iTSS_XPAO,PP-
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA
(1/YPHA_PP)*iTSS_XPAO,PHA
q XPAO,PP
*n /X*[S PAO
)/(
PAO,PO4_PP μPAO NOx
iTSS_XPAO,PP- (KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[SAlk
(1/YPHA_PP)*iTSS_XPAO,PHA (XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[(
μPAO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNH
iTSS_XBio-1/YPAO*iTSS_XPAO,PHA (KPO4,PAO,nut+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk
(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)
μPAO,Max*nμPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]
iTSS_XBio-1/YPAO*iTSS_XPAO,PHA (KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPH
mPAO*XPAO*[SAlk/(KA
fXU_Bio,lys)*iTSS_XCB-iTSS_XBio
-iTSS_XPAO,PP bPP_PO4*[SAlk
-iTSS_XPAO,PHA bPHA_Ac*[SAlk/(
μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNH
1 iTSS_XBio
(KPO4,ANO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KA
-1 bANO*XAN
fXU_Bio,lys)*iTSS_XCB-iTSS_XBio
qP,pre*SPO4*X
f_MeOH_PO4.MW+f_MeP_PO4.MW f_MeOH_PO4.MW f_MeP_PO4.MW
qP,red*XMeP*[SAlk/(K
-(f_MeOH_PO4.MW+f_MeP_PO4.MW) -f_MeOH_PO4.MW -f_MeP_PO4.MW
1
iN_XBio
iP_XBio iP_XMeP
iTSS_XBio -1 1 1
Compos
COD
S_O2 -1
S_F 1
S_A 1
S_NH4
S_NO3 -4.571
S_PO4
S_I 1
S_ALK
S_N2 -1.714
X_I 1
X_S 1
X_H 1
X_PAO 1
X_PP
X_PHA 1
X_AUT 1
X_TSS
X_MeOH
X_MeP
X_AUT X_TSS X_MeOH X_MeP
-0.75 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00
0.9 0E+00
0.9 0E+00
0.9 0E+00
0.9 0E+00
0E+00
-0.15 0E+00
-0.69 0E+00
3.11 0E+00
3.11 0E+00
-0.06 0E+00
-0.06 0E+00
-0.15 0E+00
-3.23 0E+00
-0.6 0E+00
1 0.9 0E+00
-1 -0.15 0E+00
1.42 -3.45 4.86 0E+00
-1.42 3.45 -4.86 0E+00
X_AUT X_TSS X_MeOH X_MeP

Pocess rate
Kh*[SO2/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[(XS/XH)/(KX+(XS/XH))]*XH
[KO2,HYD/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3,hyd+SNO3)]*[(XS/XH)/(KX+
(XS/XH))]*XH
HYD
/(KO2,HYD+SO2)]*[KNO3,HYD/(KNO3,HYD+SNO3)]*[(XS/XH)/(KX+
(XS/XH))]*XH
[SO2/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SA)]*[SNH4/
4,H
+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,H+SALK)]*XH
SO2/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SA/(KA,H+SA)]*[SA/(SF+SA)]*[SNH4/
4,H
+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,H+SALK)]*XH
[KO2,H/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3,H+SNO3)]*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/
H4
/(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,H+SALK)]*XH
KO2,H/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3,H+SNO3)]*[SA/(KA,H+SA)]*[SA/
H4
/(KNH4,H+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,H+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,H+SALK)]*XH
/(KO2,H+SO2)]*[KNO3,H/(KNO3,H+SNO3)]*[SF/(Kfe+SF)]*[SALK/
(KALK,H+SALK)]*XH
b H * XH
A
/(KA,PAO+SA)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[(XPP/XPAO)/(KPP+
q *[S /(K (X+PP
S/X)]*[
PAOS
))]*X/(PAO
K +S )]*[S /
PP O2 O2,PAO O2 PO4 PS PO4 ALK
SALK)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+(XPHA/XPAO))]*[(KMax-XPP/XPAO)/
*[S (K/(IPP
O3,PAO
K+KMax-(+XSPP/X)]*[
NO3
PAO
NO3,PAO
K))]*/(XKPAO +S )]*[S /
NO3 O2 O2,PAO O2 PO4
S
+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+
XPAO))]*[(KMax-XPP/XPAO)/(KIPP+KMax-(XPP/XPAO))]*XPAO
O
*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4,PAO+SNH4)]*[SPO4/
AO
+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+
(XPHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
,PAO
*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3,PAO+SNO3)]*[SNH4/
H4
)]*[SPO4/(KP,PAO+SPO4)]*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/
(KPHA+(XPHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
bPAO*XPAO*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]
bPP*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[XPP/XPAO]*XPAO
bPHA*[SALK/(KALK,PAO+SALK)]*[XPHA/XPAO]*XPAO
2,AUT
+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4,AUT+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KP,AUT+SPO4)]*[SALK/
(KALK,AUT+SALK)]*XAUT
bAUT*XAUT
kPRE*SPO4*XMeOH
kRED*XMeP*[SALK/(KALK,PRE+SALK)]
Pocess rate
SO2/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,hyd/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[SNOx/
hyd
+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
*nqhyd,An*[KO2,hyd/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[KNOx,hyd/
XCB_SB,hyd
hyd
+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/
+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*XOHO
O2
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/
*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SF/
OHO,Ax
HO
+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*XOHO
*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SAc/
OHO,Ax
O
+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SF/
(KSF,fe+SF)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*XOHO
bOHO*XOHO
A
*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PP/XPAO)/
(fPP_PAO,Max+(XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
4_PP
*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[(KMax-
*n /X*[S
PAO,PP PAO
μPAO
)/(K
/(K
NOx
+KMax-()]*[K
I,fPP_PAO +S
NOx,PAO
XPAO,PP/(K
NOx
/XPAO))]*+S
O2
XPAO)]*[S /
O2,PAO O2 PO4
t
+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+
AO,PHA
/XPAO))]*[(KMax-XPAO,PP/XPAO)/(KI,fPP_PAO+KMax-
(XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
Max
*[ S O2
/( K O2,PAO
+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
ut
+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+
(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
μPAO
*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/
(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,nut+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
mPAO*XPAO*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]
bPP_PO4*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[XPAO,PP/XPAO]*XPAO
bPHA_Ac*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
Max
*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,ANO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,ANO+SAlk)]*XANO
bANO*XANO
qP,pre*SPO4*XMeOH
qP,red*XMeP*[SAlk/(KAlk,pre+SAlk)]
Composition Matrix
N P Charge TSS
0.03 0.01
-0.016
1 0.071
1 -0.071
1 -0.048
0.01 0
-1
1
0.02 0.01 0.75
0.04 0.01 0.75
0.07 0.02 0.9
0.07 0.02 0.9
1 -0.032 3.23
0.6
0.07 0.02 0.9
-1
1
0.206 1
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
-3E-16 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Parameters
* Koch G., M. Kuhni, W. Gujer and H. Siegrist (2000). Calibration and validation of activated sludge model no. 3
wastewater.Water research 34(14), 3580-3590
2010) and thus may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Dissolved oxygen

State Variable
Ammonia (NH4+ + NH3)
Dissolved nitrogen gas

St Autotrophic nitrifying organisms (NH4+ to NO3-)
Storage compound in OHOs
Alkalinity (HCO3-)

Yield for XOHO growth per XOHO,Stor (Aerobic )
Yield for XOHO growth per XOHO,Stor (Anoxic)
Yield for XOHO,Stor formation per SB (Aerobic )
Yield for XOHO,Stor formation per SB (Anoxic)
N content of SB
N content of SU
N content of XU
N content of XB

Stoichiometry

Stoichiome
Conversion factor XSTO in TSS*


Rate constant for XOHO,Stor storage
Half saturation parameter XOHO,Stor/XOHO
Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO (Aerobic)
Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO (Anoxic)

Kinetics
Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO,Stor (Aerobic)
Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO,Stor (Anoxic)

Kinetics
Endogenous respiration rate for XANO (Aerobic)
Endogenous respiration rate for XANO (Anoxic)
*same parameter value as ASM3+Bio-P has been chosen

rs
activated sludge model no. 3 for Swiss municipal
cording to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et al.,
Standardised Value*
SS SB g COD.m-3 1
SI SU g COD.m-3 2
SO SO2 - g COD.m-3 3
XS XCB g COD.m-3 4
XI XU g COD.m-3 5
SNH SNHx g N.m-3 6
SNO SNOx g N.m-3 7
SN2 SN2 g N.m-3 8

XH XOHO g COD.m-3 9
XA XANO g COD.m-3 10
XSTO XOHO,Stor g COD.m-3 11
SALK SAlk mol HCO3-.m-3 12
XSS XTSS g TSS.m-3
fSI fSU_XCB,hyd g SU.g XCB-1 0
YH,O2 YStor_OHO,Ox g XOHO.g XStor-1 0.63
YH,NOX YStor_OHO,Ax g XOHO.g XStor-1 0.54
YSTO,O2 YSB_Stor,Ox g XStor.g SB-1 0.85
YSTO,NOX YSB_Stor,Ax g XStor.g SB-1 0.8
fXi fXU_Bio,lys g XU.g XBio-1 0.2
YA YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.24
iN,SS iN_SB g N.g SB-1 0.03
iN,SI iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.01
iSS,XI iTSS_XU g TSS.g XU-1 0.75 4

iSS,XS iTSS_XCB g TSS.g XCB-1 0.75 5
iSS,BM iTSS_XOHO,Stor g TSS.g XStor-1 0.9 6
iSS,STO iTSS_XBio g TSS.g XBio-1 0.6 7
iNOx,N2 iNOx,N2 g COD.g N-1 2.857 8

iCOD_NOx iCOD_NOx g COD.g N-1 -4.571 9
iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.71429 10
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.071 11
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NOx Charge.g N-1 -0.07143 12
kH qXCB_SB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 3
KX KXCB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1 1
kSTO qSB_Stor g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 5
μH μOHO,Max d-1 2
ηNOX nμOHO,Ax - 0.6
KS KSB,OHO g SB.m-3 2
KSTO KStor_OHO g XStor.g XOHO-1 1
bH,O2 mOHO,Ox d-1 0.2
bH,NOX mOHO,Ax d-1 0.1
bSTO,O2 mStor,Ox d-1 0.2
bSTO,NOX mStor,Ax d-1 0.1

KO2 KO2,OHO g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNOX KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH4 KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.01
KALK KAlk,OHO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.1
μA μANO,Max d-1 1
bA,O2 mANO,Ox d-1 0.15
bA,NOX mANO,Ax d-1 0.05
KA,O2 KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.5
KA,NH4 KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1
KA,ALK KAlk,ANO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.5
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
8
9
10
11
12
ASM3
Henze M., Gujer W., Mino T., Matsuo T., Wentzel M. C., M
Original publication London IWA.
SO SS SNH4 SNOX
-(1-fSI)*iN,SS-
Hydrolysis 1-fSI
fSI*iN,SI+iN,XS
Aerobic storage of XSTO -(1-YSTO,O2) -1 iN,SS
-(1-YSTO,NOX)/
Anoxic storage of XSTO -1 iN,SS
(iNOx.N2)
-(1-
Aerobic growth of XH -iN,BM
YH,O2)/YH,O2
-(1-
Anoxic growth of XH (denitrification) -iN,BM YH,NOX)/YH,NO
X
*(1/iNOx.N2)
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH -(1-fXI) -fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM
-(1-fXI)/
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XH -fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM
(iNOx.N2)
Aerobic respiration of XSTO -1

Anoxic respiration of XSTO -1/(iNOx.N2)
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Growth of XA (Nitrification) -1/YA-iN,BM 1/YA
YA)/YA
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XA -(1-fXI) -fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM
-(1-fXI)/
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XA -fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM
(iNOx.N2)
COD -1 1 iCOD_NOx
N iN,SS 1 1
Charge iCharge_NHx iCharge_NOx
TSS
Co
SO2 SB SNH4 SNOX
-(1-
1- fSU_XCB,hyd)*iN_SB-
Hydrolysis
fSU_XCB,hyd fSU_XCB,hyd*iN_SU+iN_
XCB
-(1-
Aerobic storage of XOHO,Stor -1 iN_SB
YSB_Stor,Ox)
-(1-
Anoxic storage of XOHO,Stor -1 iN_SB YSB_Stor,Ax)/
(iNOx,N2)
-(1-
Aerobic growth of XOHO YStor_OHO,Ox)/ -iN_XBio
YStor_OHO,Ox
-(1-
YStor_OHO,Ax)/Y
Anoxic growth of XOHO (denitrification) -iN_XBio
Stor_OHO,Ax
*(1/i
NOx,N2
)
-
Aerobic endogenous respiration of -(1- fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XB
XOHO fXU_Bio,lys)
io
-
-(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XOHO fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XB
(iNOx,N2)
io
Aerobic respiration of XOHO,Stor -1

Anoxic respiration of XOHO,Stor -1/(iNOx,N2)
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Growth of XANO (Nitrification) -1/YANO-iN_XBio 1/YANO
YANO)/YANO
-
Aerobic endogenous respiration of -(1- fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XB
XANO fXU_Bio,lys)
io
-
-(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XANO fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XB
(iNOx,N2)
io
COD -1 1 iCOD_NOx
N iN_SB 1 1
Charge iCharge_NHx iCharge_NOx
TSS
S_O2 S_S S_NH4 S_NOX
Hydrolysis 1 0.01
Aerobic storage of XSTO -0.15 -1 0.03
Anoxic storage of XSTO -1 0.03 -0.07
Aerobic growth of XH -0.59 -0.07
Anoxic growth of XH (denitrification) -0.07 -0.30
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH -0.80 0.07
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XH 0.07 -0.28
Aerobic resp. of XSTO -1

Anoxic resp. of XSTO -0.35
Growth of XA (Nitrification) -18.05 -4.24 4.17
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XA -0.80 0.07
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XA 0.07 -0.28
Component
Consumed component (every sta
Biomass involved
Other required
Inhibitory co
S_O2 S_S S_NH4 S_NOX

Hydrolysis
Aerobic storage of XSTO
Anoxic storage of XSTO
Aerobic growth of XH
Anoxic growth of XH (denitrification)
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XH
Aerobic resp. of XSTO

Anoxic resp. of XSTO
Growth of XA (Nitrification)
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XA
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XA

tsuo T., Wentzel M. C., Marais G.v.R., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. (2000). Activated Sludge Model No. 2d, IWA Publishing, Sc
d term corrected term term to be careful with

SN2 SALK SI XI XS XH
v1_NH4*iCharge_NHx fSI -1
v2_NH4*iCharge_NHx
(1-YSTO,NOX)/
v3_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v3_NOX*iCharge_NOx
(iNOx.N2)
v4_NH4*iCharge_NHx 1
(1-
YH,NOX)/YH,NO v5_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v5_NOX*iCharge_NOx 1
X
*(1/iNOx.N2)
v6_NH4*iCharge_NHx fXI -1
(1-fXI)/
v7_NOX*iCharge_NOx+v7_NH4*iCharge_NHx fXI -1
(iNOx.N2)
1/(iNOx.N2) v9_NOX*iCharge_NOx
v10_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v10_NOX*iCharge_NOx
v11_NH4*iCharge_NHx fXI
(1-fXI)/
v12_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v12_NOX*iCharge_NOx fXI
(iNOx.N2)
Composition Matrix
iCOD_N2 1 1 1 1
1 iN,SI iN,XI iN,XS iN,BM
-1
iSS,XI iSS,XS iSS,BM
Corrected Matrix: Standardised Notation

SN2 SAlk SU XU XCB XOHO
v1_SNHx*iCharge_NHx fSU_XCB,hyd -1
v2_XNHx*iCharge_NHx
(1-
YSB_Stor,Ax)/ v3_XNHx*iCharge_NHx+v3_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
(iNOx,N2)
v4_SNHx*iCharge_NHx 1
(1-
YStor_OHO,Ax)/
v5_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v5_SNOx*iCharge_NOx 1
YStor_OHO,Ax*(
1/iNOx,N2)
v6_SNHx*iCharge_NHx fXU_Bio,lys -1
(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
v7_SNOx*iCharge_NOx+v7_SNHx*iCharge_NHx fXU_Bio,lys -1
(iNOx,N2)
1/(iNOx,N2) v9_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
v10_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v10_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
v11_SNHx*iCharge_NHx fXU_Bio,lys
(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
v12_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v12_SNOx*iCharge_NOx fXU_Bio,lys
(iNOx,N2)
Composition Matrix
iCOD_N2 1 1 1 1
1 iN_SU iN_XU iN_XCB iN_XBio
-1
iTSS_XU iTSS_XCB iTSS_XBio
Continuity ch
S_N2 S_ALK S_I X_I X_S X_H
0.00071 0 -1
0.00214
0.07 0.01
-0.01 1
0.30 0.02 1
0.00 0.20 -1
0.28 0.02 0.20 -1
0.35 0.03
-0.60
0.00 0.20
0.28 0.02 0.20

Component Function Consequence on the kinetic
ed component (every state variable with a negative sign) Limitation monod function
Biomass involved in the process proportional to the biomass concentr
Other required component Limitation monod function
S_N2 S_ALK S_I X_I X_S X_H

2d, IWA Publishing, Scientific and Technical Report No. 9,
on
XSTO XA XSS Pocess rate
-iSS,XS kH*(XS/XH)/(KX+XS/XH)*XH
YSTO,O2 YSTO,O2*iSS,STO kSTO*[SO/(KO2+SO2)]*[SS/(KS+SS)]*XH
kSTO*ηNOX*[KO2/(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*[SS/
YSTO,NOX YSTO,NOX*iSS,STO
(KS+SS)]*XH
μH*[SO2/(KO2+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SALK/
-1/YH,O2 (-1/YH,O2)*iSS,STO+iSS,BM
(KALK_H+SALK)]*[(XSTO/XH)/(KSTO+XSTO/XH)]*XH
μH*ηNOX*[KO2/(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*[SNH4/
-1/YH,NOX (-1/YH,NOX)*iSS,STO+iSS,BM (KNH4+SNH4)]*[SALK/(KALK+SALK)]*[(XSTO/XH)/
(KSTO+XSTO/XH)]*XH
-iSS,BM+fXI*iSS,XI bH,O2*[SO2/(KO2+SO2)]*XH
-iSS,BM+fXI*iSS,XI bH,NOX*[KO2/(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*XH
-1 -iSS,STO bSTO,O2*[SO2/(K
-1 -iSS,STO bSTO,NOX*[KO2/(KO2+SO2)]*[
μA*[SO2/(KA,O2+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KA,NH4+SNH4)]*[SALK/
1 iSS,BM
(KA,ALK+SALK)]*XA
-1 -iSS,BM+fXI*iSS,XI bA,O2*[SO2/(KA,O2+SO2)]*XA
-1 -iSS,BM+fXI*iSS,XI bA,NOX*[KA,O2/(KA,O2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*XA
1 1
iN,BM
iSS,STO iSS,BM -1
ation
XOHO,Stor XANO XTSS Pocess rate
-iTSS_XCB qXCB_SB,hyd*(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+XCB/XOHO)*XOHO
YSB_Stor,Ox YSB_Stor,Ox*iTSS_XSto qSB_Stor*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
qSB_Stor*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/
YSB_Stor,Ax YSB_Stor,Ax*iTSS_XSto
(KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
(- μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,OHO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
- 1/YStor_OHO,Ox)*iTSS_XSto+iTSS_XB (KALK_H+SAlk)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/
1/YStor_OHO,Ox
io (KStor_OHO+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
μOHO,Max*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/
(-
- (KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,OHO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
1/YStor_OHO,Ax)*iTSS_XSto+iTSS_XBi
1/YStor_OHO,Ax (KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/
o
(KStor_OHO+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
-iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU mOHO,Ox*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XOHO
-iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU mOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*XOH
-1 -iTSS_XSto mStor,Ox*[SO2/(KO2,OHO
mStor,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO
-1 -iTSS_XSto
(KNOx,OHO+SNOX
μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,ANO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
1 iTSS_XBio
(KAlk,ANO+SAlk)]*XANO
-1 -iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU mANO,Ox*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*XANO
-1 -iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU mANO,Ax*[KO2,ANO/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*XANO
1 1
iN_XBio
iTSS_XSto iTSS_XBio -1
ntinuity check
Composition Matrix
COD N
S_O2 -1
S_S 1 0.03
S_NH4 1
S_NO3 -4.57 1
S_N2 -1.71 1
S_ALK
S_I 1 0.01
X_I 1 0.02
X_S 1 0.04
X_H 1 0.07
X_STO 1
X_AUT 1 0.07
X_TSS
X_STO X_A X_TSS
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
0.85 0.51 0E+00 0E+00
0.80 0.48 0E+00 0E+00
-1.59 -0.05 0E+00 0E+00
-1.85 -0.21 0E+00 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
-1 -0.60 0E+00 0E+00

-1 -0.60 0E+00 0E+00
1 0.90 0E+00 -3E-16
-1 -0.75 0E+00 0E+00
-1 -0.75 0E+00 0E+00
nce on the kinetic rate

ation monod function
o the biomass concentration
ation monod function
tory monod function
X_STO X_A X_TSS

Pocess rate
*(XS/XH)/(KX+XS/XH)*XH
O
/(KO2+SO2)]*[SS/(KS+SS)]*XH
/(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*[SS/
(KS+SS)]*XH
2
+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SALK/
K
)]*[(XSTO/XH)/(KSTO+XSTO/XH)]*XH
KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*[SNH4/
4
)]*[SALK/(KALK+SALK)]*[(XSTO/XH)/
(KSTO+XSTO/XH)]*XH
H,O2
*[SO2/(KO2+SO2)]*XH
(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*XH
O,O2
*[SO2/(KO2+SO2)]*XSTO
(KO2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*XSTO
2
+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KA,NH4+SNH4)]*[SALK/
(KA,ALK+SALK)]*XA
,O2
*[SO2/(KA,O2+SO2)]*XA
(KA,O2+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOX+SNOX)]*XA
Pocess rate
CB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+XCB/XOHO)*XOHO
O2,OHO
+SO2)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/
O,Ax
+SNOX)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
,OHO
+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,OHO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
K_H
+SAlk)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/
_OHO
+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/
O,Ax
NOX
)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,OHO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
OHO
+SAlk)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/
_OHO
+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
Ox
*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XOHO
O2,OHO
+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*XOHO
*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XOHO,Stor
[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOX/
KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*XOHO,Stor
+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNHx,ANO+SNH4)]*[SAlk/
2,ANO
Ox
*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*XANO
O2,ANO
+SO2)]*[SNOX/(KNOx,OHO+SNOX)]*XANO
omposition Matrix
Charge TSS
0.07
-0.07
-1
0.75
0.75
0.90
0.60
0.90
-1
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
Parameters
* Rieger L., Koch G., Kühni M., Gujer W. and Siegrist H. (2001) The eawag bio-P module for activated sludge mo
3903.
2010) and thus may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Dissolved oxygen

state variables
Inorganic soluble phosphorus

state variable Autotrophic nitrifying organisms (NH4+ to NO3-)
Storage compound in OHOs
Stored poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate in PAOs
Alkalinity (HCO3-)
Yield for XOHO growth per XOHO,Stor (Aerobic )
Yield for XOHO growth per XOHO,Stor (Anoxic)
Yield for XOHO,Stor formation per SB (Aerobic )
Yield for XOHO,Stor formation per SB (Anoxic)

Fraction of XU generated in heterotrophic biomass decay
Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA (Aerobic)

Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized
Fraction of SU generated in XPAO decay

N content of SB
N content of SU
N content of XU
N content of XB
P content of SB
P content of SU
P content of XU
stoichiometry
P content of XB

Conversion factor XOHO,Stor in TSS

Rate constant for XOHO,Stor storage

Half saturation parameter XOHO,Stor/XOHO

Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO
Reduction factor for Anoxic endogenous respiration of OHO

Endogenous respiration rate of XOHO,Stor


kinetics

Half saturation parameter for XPAO,PP/XPAO
Reduction factor for anoxic endogenous respiration of XPAO
Reduction factor for anoxic lysis of XPAO,PP
Rate constant for respiration of XPAO,PHA
Reduction factor for anoxic respiration of XPAO,PHA

Decay rate for XANO
Endogenous respiration rate for XANO
Reduction factor for anoxic endogenous respiration of XANO
s
e for activated sludge model No.3. Wat. Res., 35 (16), 3887-
ding to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et al.,
Standardise Value*
Parameter ** unit
d notation T=20°C
SS SB g COD.m-3 1
SI SU g COD.m-3 2
XS XCB g COD.m-3 4
XI XU g COD.m-3 5
SNH SNHx g N.m-3 6
SNO SNOx g N.m-3 7
SN2 SN2 g N.m-3 8

SPO4 SPO4 g P.m-3 9
XSTO XOHO,Stor g COD.m-3 P01
XPHA XPAO,PHA g COD.m-3 P02
XPP XPAO,PP g P.m-3 P03
SHCO SAlk mol HCO3-.m-3 P04
XSS XTSS g TSS.m-3 P05
fSI fSU_XCB,hyd g SU.g XCB-1 0 P06
YH,O2 YStor_OHO,Ox g XOHO.g XStor-1 0.8 P07
YH,NO YStor_OHO,Ax g XOHO.g XStor-1 0.65 P08
YSTO,O2 YSB_Stor,Ox g XStor.g SB-1 0.8 P09
YSTO,NO YSB_Stor,Ax g XStor.g SB-1 0.7 P10

fXI fXU_Bio,lys g XU.g XOHO-1 0.2 P11
YPAO,O2 YPAO,Ox g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.6
YPAO,NO YPAO,Ax g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.5
YPHA YPHA_PP g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.2
YPO4 YPP_PHA,PAO
gX PP.
g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc-1 0.35
fSI fSU_PAO,lys g XU.g XPAO-1 0
YAUT YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.24
iN,SS iN_SB g N.g SB-1 0.03
iN,SI iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.01
iN,XI iN_XU g N.g XU-1 0.03
iN,XS iN_XCB g N.g XCB-1 0.035
iN,BM iN_XBio g N.g XBio-1 0.07
iP,SS iP_SB g P.g SB-1 0 1

iTSS,XSTO iTSS_XOHO,Stor g TSS.g XStor-1 0.6 8
iTSS,XPP iTSS_XPAO,PP g TSS.g XPP-1 3.23 10
iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.71 P01
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.07 P02
iCharge_NOx iCharge_NOx Charge.g N-1 -0.07 P03
iCharge_XPAO,PP iCharge_XPAO,PP Charge.g P-1 -0.03 P04
iCharge_PO4 iCharge_PO4 Charge.g P-1 -0.05 P05
kH qXCB_SB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 9 P06
KX KXCB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1 1 P07

kSTO qSB_Stor g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 12.5 P08
μH μOHO,Max d-1 3 P09
ηNO,H nμOHO,Ax - 0.8 P10

KSS,H KSB,OHO g SB.m-3 10 P11
KSTO,H KStor_OHO g XStor.g XOHO-1 0.1
bH mOHO d-1 0.3
ηNO,end,H nmOHO,Ax - 0.33
bSto mStor d-1 0.3
KNO,H KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH,H KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.01
KPO4,H KPO4,OHO g SPO4.m-3 0.01
KHCO,H KAlk,OHO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.1
qPHA qPAO,Ac_PHA g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 6
qPP qPAO,PO4_PP g XPP.g XPAO-1.d-1 1.5
KPP,PAO fPP_PAO,Max g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.05
Kmax,PAO KS,fPP_PAO g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.2
KiPP,PAO KI,fPP_PAO g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.05
μPAO μPAO,Max d-1 1
ηNO,PAO nμPAO - 0.6
KPHA KfPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.1
bPAO mPAO d-1 0.2
ηNO,end,PAO nmPAO - 0.33
bPP bPP_PO4 d-1 0.2
ηNO,lys,PP nbPP_PO4 - 0.33
bPHA bPHA_Ac d-1 0.2
ηNO,resp,PHA nbPHA_Ac - 0.33
KSS,PAO KSB,PAO g SB.m-3 10

KO,PAO KO2,PAO g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO,PAO KNOx,PAO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KNH,PAO KNHx,PAO g SNHx.m-3 0.05
KPO4,PP KPO4,PAO,upt g SPO4.m-3 0.2
KPO4,PAO KPO4,PAO,nut g SPO4.m-3 0.01
KHCO,PAO KAlk,PAO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.1
μA μANO,Max d-1 0.9 - 1.8 1

bA bANO d-1 0.2 2
bA mANO d-1 0.2 3
ηNO,end,A nmANO - 0.5 4
KO,A KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.5 5
KNH,A KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1-2 6
KPO4,A KPO4,ANO g SPO4.m-3 0.01 7
KHCO,A KAlk,ANO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.5 8
9
10
11
12
P01
P02
P03
P04
P05
P06
P07
P08
P09
P10
P11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
P01
P02
P03
P04
P05
P06
P07
P08
P09
P10
P11
* Missing kinetic terms that have not been cor

Original publication Rieger L., Koch G., Kühni M., Gujer W.
Corrections
Components SO SS
Hydrolysis 1-fSI
Aerobic storage of XSTO -(1-YSTO,O2) -1
Anoxic storage of XSTO -1
Aerobic growth of XH -(1-YH,O2)/YH,O2
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH -(1-fXI)

Anoxic respiration of XSTO
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Growth of XAUT (Nitrification)
YAUT)/YAUT
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XAUT -(1-fXI)
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XAUT
Storage of XPHA -1
Aerobic storage of XPP -YPHA
Anoxic storage of XPP
-(1-
YPAO,O2)/YPAO,O2
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XPAO -(1-fXI)
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XPAO
Aerobic decay of XPP
Anoxic decay of XPP
Aerobic respiration of XPHA -1

Anoxic respiration of XPHA
COD -1 1
N iN,SS
P iP,SS
Charge
TSS
Components SO2 SB
1-
Hydrolysis
fSU_XCB,hyd
Aerobic storage of XOHO,Stor -(1-YSB_Stor,Ox) -1
Anoxic storage of XOHO,Stor -1
-(1-
Aerobic growth of XOHO YStor_OHO,Ox)/YSto
r_OHO,Ox
Anoxic growth of XOHO (denitrification)
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XOHO -(1-fXU_Bio,lys)
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XOHO

Aerobic respiration of XOHO,Stor -1
Anoxic respiration of XOHO,Stor
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Growth of XANO (Nitrification)
YANO)/YANO
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XANO -(1-fXU_Bio,lys)
Anoxic endogenous respiration of XANO
Storage of XPAO,PHA -1
Aerobic storage of XPAO,PP -(1/YPHA_PP)
Anoxic storage of XPAO,PP
-(1-
YPAO,Ox)/YPAO,Ox
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XPAO -(1-fXU_Bio,lys)

Aerobic decay of XPAO,PP
Anoxic decay of XPAO,PP
Aerobic respiration of XPAO,PHA -1

Anoxic respiration of XPAO,PHA
COD -1 1
N iN_SB
P iP_SB
Charge
TSS
S_O2 S_S
Hydrolysis 1
Aerobic storage of XSTO -0.20 -1
Anoxic storage of XSTO -1
Aerobic growth of XH -0.25
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH -0.80
Anoxic respiration of XSTO
Growth of XAUT (Nitrification) -18.05
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XAUT -0.80
Storage of XPHA -1
Aerobic storage of XPP -0.2
Aerobic growth of XPAO -0.67
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XPAO -0.8
Anoxic decay of XPP
Aerobic respiration of XPHA -1
Consumed
S_O2 S_S
Hydrolysis
Aerobic storage of XSTO
Anoxic storage of XSTO
Aerobic growth of XH
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XH
Aerobic resp. of XSTO
Anoxic resp. of XSTO
Growth of XAUT (Nitrification)
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XAUT
Storage of XPHA
Aerobic storage of XPP
Aerobic endogenous respiration of XPAO
Anoxic decay of XPP
Aerobic respiration of XPHA
* Missing kinetic terms that have not been corrected (please refer to the article)
ASM3 + BioP
Rieger L., Koch G., Kühni M., Gujer W. and Siegrist H. (2001) The eawag bio-P module for activated sludge model No.3. Wat.
added term corrected term term to be careful with
Corrected
SNH4 SNO SN2 SPO4
-(1-fSI)*iN,SS- -(1-fSI)*iP,SS-
fSI*iN,SI+iN,XS fSI*iP,SI+iP,XS
iN,SS iP,SS
-(1-YSTO,NO)/ (1-YSTO,NO)/
iN,SS iP,SS
(iNOx,N2) (iNOx,N2)
-iN,BM -iP,BM
-(1- (1-
-iN,BM YH,NO)/YH,NO*(1/ YH,NO)/YH,NO*(1/ -iP,BM
iNOx,N2) iNOx,N2)
-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM iP,BM-fXI*iP,XI
-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM -(1-fXI)/(iNOx,N2) (1-fXI)/(iNOx,N2) iP,BM-fXI*iP,XI
-1/(iNOx,N2) 1/(iNOx,N2)
-1/YAUT-iN,BM 1/YAUT -iP,BM

-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM iP,BM-fXI*iP,XI
-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM -(1-fXI)/(iNOx,N2) (1-fXI)/(iNOx,N2) iP,BM-fXI*iP,XI
iN,SS YPO4+iP,SS
-1
-YPHA/iNOx,N2 YPHA/iNOx,N2 -1
-iN,BM -iP,BM
-(1- (1-
-iN,BM YPAO,NO)/YPAO,N YPAO,NO)/YPAO,NO -iP,BM
O
*(1/iNOx,N2) *(1/iNOx,N2)
-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM -fXI*iP,XI+iP,BM
-fXI*iN,XI+iN,BM -(1-fXI)/iNOx,N2 (1-fXI)/iNOx,N2 -fXI*iP,XI+iP,BM
-1/iNOx,N2 1/iNOx,N2
Composition Matrix
iCOD_NOx iCOD_N2
1 1 1
1
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NOx iCharge_PO4
Corrected Ma
SNH4 SNOx SN2 SPO4
-(1-fSU_XCB,hyd)*iN_SB-
-(1-fSU_XCB,hyd)*iP_SB-
fSU_XCB,hyd*iN_SU+iN_X
fSU_XCB,hyd*iP_SU+iP_XCB
CB
iN_SB iP_SB
-(1-YSB_Stor,Ax)/ (1-YSB_Stor,Ax)/
iN_SB iP_SB
(iNOx,N2) (iNOx,N2)
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
-(1- (1-
YStor_OHO,Ax)/YSto YStor_OHO,Ax)/YStor
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
r_OHO,Ax
*(1/iNOx,N _OHO,Ax*(1/iNOx,N2
2
) )
-
iP_XBio-fXU_Bio,lys*iP_XU
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XBio
- -(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/ (1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XBio (iNOx,N2) (iNOx,N2)
-1/(iNOx,N2) 1/(iNOx,N2)
-1/YANO-iN_XBio 1/YANO -iP_XBio
-
- -(1-fXU_Bio,lys)/ (1-fXU_Bio,lys)/
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XBio (iNOx,N2) (iNOx,N2)
iN_SB YPP_PHA,PAO+iP_SB
-1
-
(1/YPHA_PP)/iNOx,
(1/YPHA_PP)/iNOx, -1
N2
N2
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
-(1- (1-
-iN_XBio YPAO,Ax)/YPAO,Ax YPAO,Ax)/YPAO,Ax* -iP_XBio
*(1/iNOx,N2) (1/iNOx,N2)
-
-fXU_Bio,lys*iP_XU+iP_XBio
- -(1- (1-
-fXU_Bio,lys*iP_XU+iP_XBio
fXU_Bio,lys*iN_XU+iN_XBio fXU_Bio,lys)/iNOx,N2 fXU_Bio,lys)/iNOx,N2
1
-1/iNOx,N2 1/iNOx,N2
Composition Matrix
iCOD_NOx iCOD_N2
1 1 1
1
C
S_NH4 S_NO S_N2 S_PO4
0.005 0.005
0.03 0.00
0.03 -0.11 0.11 0.00
-0.07 -0.01
-0.07 -0.19 0.19 -0.01
0.06 0.01
0.06 -0.28 0.28 0.01
-0.35 0.35
-4.24 4.17 -0.01
0.06 0.01
0.06 -0.28 0.28 0.01
0.03 0.35
-1
-0.07 0.07 -1
-0.07 -0.014
-0.07 -0.35 0.35 -0.014
0.064 0.012
0.064 -0.28 0.28 0.012
1
1
-0.35 0.35
Kinetic ch
Component Function
Consumed component (every state variable with a negative sign)
S_NH4 S_NO S_N2 S_PO4

-P module for activated sludge model No.3. Wat. Res., 35 (16), 3887-3903.
m to be careful with

SHCO SI XI XS XH XSTO
v1_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v1_PO4*iCharge_PO
fSI -1
4
YSTO,O2
4
v3_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v3_NO*iCharge_NOx
YSTO,NO
+v3_PO4*iCharge_PO4
1 -1/YH,O2
4
v5_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v5_NO*iCharge_NOx
1 -1/YH,NO
+v5_PO4*iCharge_PO4
fXI -1
4
v7_NO*iCharge_NOx+v7_NH4*iCharge_NHx
fXI -1
+v7_PO4*iCharge_PO4
-1
-v9_NO*iCharge_NHx -1
v10_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v10_NO*iCharge_N
Ox
+v10_PO4*iCharge_PO4
v11_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v11_PO4*iCharge_P
fXI
O4
v12_NH4*iCharge_NHx+v12_NO*iCharge_N
fXI
Ox
+v12_PO4*iCharge_PO4
vP01_NH4*iCharge_NHx+vP01_PO4*iCharg
e_PO4
+vP01_PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
vP02_PO4*iCharge_PO4+vP02_PP*iCharge_
XPAO,PP
vP03_NO*iCharge_NOx+vP03_PO4*iCharge
_PO4
+vP03_PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
e_PO4
vP05_NH4*iCharge_NHx+vP05_NO*iCharge
_NOx
+vP05_PO4*iCharge_PO4
fXI
e_PO4
vP07_NH4*iCharge_NHx+vP07_NO*iCharge
fXI
_NOx
+vP07_PO4*iCharge_PO4
XPAO,PP
XPAO,PP
vP11_NO*iCharge_NOx
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1
iN,SI iN,XI iN,XS iN,BM
iP,SI iP,XI iP,XS iP,BM
-1
iTSS,XI iTSS,XS iTSS,BM iTSS,XSTO
Corrected Matrix: Standardised Notation

SAlk SU XU XCB XOHO XOHO,Stor
v1_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v1_SPO4*iCharge_
fSU_XCB,hyd -1
PO4
YSB_Stor,Ox
PO4
v3_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v3_SNOx*iCharge_
YSB_Stor,Ax
NOx
+v3_SPO4*iCharge_PO4
v4_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v4_SPO4*iCharge_ -
1 1/YStor_OHO,Ox
PO4
v5_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v5_SNOx*iCharge_ -
1 1/YStor_OHO,Ax
NOx
fXU_Bio,lys -1
PO4
v7_SNOx*iCharge_NOx+v7_SNHx*iCharge_
fXU_Bio,lys -1
NHx
-1
v9_SNOx*iCharge_NOx -1
v10_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v10_SNOx*iCharg
e_NOx
v11_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v11_SPO4*iCharg
fXU_Bio,lys
e_PO4
v12_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v12_SNOx*iCharg
fXU_Bio,lys
e_NOx
vP01_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+vP01_SPO4*iCha
rge_PO4
+vP01_XPAO,PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
vP02_SPO4*iCharge_PO4+vP02_XPAO,PP*i
Charge_XPAO,PP
vP03_SNOx*iCharge_NOx+vP03_SPO4*iCh
arge_PO4
+vP03_XPAO,PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
rge_PO4
vP05_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+vP05_SNOx*iCha
rge_NOx
+vP05_SPO4*iCharge_PO4
fXU_Bio,lys
rge_PO4
vP07_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+vP07_SNOx*iCha
fXU_Bio,lys
rge_NOx
+vP07_SPO4*iCharge_PO4
Charge_XPAO,PP
Charge_XPAO,PP
vP11_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1
iN_SU iN_XU iN_XCB iN_XBio
iP_SU iP_XU iP_XCB iP_XBio
-1
iTSS_XU iTSS_XCB iTSS_XBio iTSS_XOHO,Stor
Continuity check
S_ALK S_I X_I X_S X_H X_STO
0.00012 0 -1
0.00214 0.80
0.01 0.70
0.00 1 -1.25
0.01 1 -1.54
0.00 0.20 -1
0.02 0.20 -1
-1
0.03 -1
-0.60
0.00 0.20
0.02 0.20
-0.0035
0.0161
0.0211
-0.0043
0.0207
0.0040 0.2
0.0240 0.2
-0.0161
-0.0161
0.0250

a negative sign) Limitation monod function
S_ALK S_I X_I X_S X_H X_STO
*
*
otation
XPAO XPP XPHA XAUT XTSS
-iTSS,XS
YSTO,O2*iTSS,XSTO k
YSTO,NO*iTSS,XSTO kSTO*ηNO,H*[KO
(- μH*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNH/(K
1/YH,O2)*iTSS,XSTO+iTSS,BM
(- μH*ηNO,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[
1/YH,NO)*iTSS,XSTO+iTSS,BM (KPO
-iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI
-iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI bH*ηNO
-iTSS,XSTO
-iTSS,XSTO
1 iTSS,BM μA*[SO/(KO,A+SO)]*[SN
-1 -iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI
-1 -iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI bA*η
-YPO4 1 iTSS,XSTO-iTSS,XPP*YPO4 qPHA*[SS/(KSS,PAO+SS)]*
qPP*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PP+
1 -YPHA -YPHA*iTSS,XSTO+iTSS,XPP
(XPP/X
qPP*ηNO,PAO*[KO,PAO/(K
1 -YPHA -YPHA*iTSS,XSTO+iTSS,XPP
(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPH
-
μPAO*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH
1 -1/YPAO,O2 (1/YPAO,O2)*iTSS,XSTO+iTSS
,BM
-
μPAO*ηNO,PAO*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]
1 -1/YPAO,NO (1/YPAO,NO)*iTSS,XSTO+iTS
(KHCO,PAO
S,BM
-1 -iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI
-1 -iTSS,BM+fXI*iTSS,XI bPAO*ηNO,end,P
-1 -iTSS,XPP bPP*[S
-1 -iTSS,XPP bPP*ηNO,lys,PP*[KO,PAO/(K
-1 -iTSS,XSTO
-1 -iTSS,XSTO bPHA*ηNO,resp,
1 1 1
iN,BM iN,BM
iP,BM 1 iP,BM
iCharge_XPAO,PP
iTSS,BM iTSS,XPP iTSS,XSTO iTSS,BM -1
d Notation
XPAO XPAO,PP XPAO,PHA XAUT XTSS
-iTSS_XCB qXCB_S
YSB_Stor,Ox*iTSS_XOHO,Stor qSB_Stor
YSB_Stor,Ax*iTSS_XOHO,Stor qSB_Stor*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/
(-
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OH
1/YStor_OHO,Ox)*iTSS_XOHO,
(KPO4,OHO+SPO
+i
Stor TSS_XBio
(-
μOHO,Max*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(K
1/YStor_OHO,Ax)*iTSS_XOHO,S
(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*[SPO4/(KP
+i
tor TSS_XBio
-
iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU
-
mOHO*nmOHO,Ax*
-iTSS_XOHO,Stor
-iTSS_XOHO,Stor m
1 iTSS_XBio μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[S
-
-1 iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU
-
-1 bANO*ηNO,A*[K
iTSS_XOHO,Stor-
-YPP_PHA,PAO 1 qPAO,Ac_PHA*[SB/(KSB,PAO+SB)]*
iTSS_XPAO,PP*YPP_PHA,PAO
-
qPAO,PO4_PP*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO
1 -(1/YPHA_PP) (1/YPHA_PP)*iTSS_XOHO,Stor
(KfPHA_PAO+XPAO,PHA/XPAO)]*[(K
+iTSS_XPAO,PP
- qPAO,PO4_PP*nμPAO*[KO2,PAO/(K
1 -(1/YPHA_PP) (1/YPHA_PP)*iTSS_XOHO,Stor (KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(Kf
+iTSS_XPAO,PP
-
μPAO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+
1 -1/YPAO,Ox (1/YPAO,Ox)*iTSS_XOHO,Stor
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk
+iTSS_XBio
-
μPAO,Max*nμPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO
1 -1/YPAO,Ax (1/YPAO,Ax)*iTSS_XOHO,Stor
(KPO4,PAO,nut+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(
+iTSS_XBio
-
-1 iTSS_XBio+fXU_Bio,lys*iTSS_XU
-
-1 mPAO*nmPAO*[
-1 -iTSS_XPAO,PP bPP_PO4*[
-1 -iTSS_XPAO,PP bPP_PO4*nbPP_PO4*[KO2,PAO/(K
-1 -iTSS_XOHO,Stor
-1 -iTSS_XOHO,Stor bPHA_Ac*nbPHA_Ac*
1 1 1
iN_XBio iN_XBio
iP_XBio 1 iP_XBio
iCharge_XPAO,PP
iTSS_XBio iTSS_XPAO,PP iTSS_XOHO,Stor iTSS_XBio -1
Comp
COD
S_O2 -1
S_S 1
S_NH4
S_NO3 -4.57
S_N2 -1.71
S_PO4
S_ALK
S_I 1
X_I 1
X_S 1
X_H 1
X_STO 1
X_PAO 1
X_PP
X_PHA 1
X_AUT 1
X_TSS
X_PAO X_PP X_PHA X_AUT X_TSS

-0.75 0.0E+00
0.48 0.0E+00
0.42 0.0E+00
0.15 0.0E+00
-0.02 0.0E+00
-0.75 0.0E+00
-0.75 0.0E+00
-0.60 0.0E+00
-0.60 0.0E+00
1 0.90 0.0E+00
-1 -0.75 0.0E+00
-1 -0.75 0.0E+00
-0.35 1 -0.531 0.0E+00
1 -0.2 3.11 0.0E+00
1 -0.2 3.11 0.0E+00
1 -1.67 -0.1 0.0E+00
1 -2 -0.3 0.0E+00
-1 -0.75 0.0E+00
-1 -0.75 0.0E+00
-1 -3.23 0.0E+00
-1 -3.23 0.0E+00
-1 -0.6 0.0E+00
-1 -0.6 0.0E+00
X_PAO X_PP X_PHA X_AUT X_TSS
Pocess rate
kH*[(XS/XH)/(KX+XS/XH)]*XH
kSTO*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SS/(KSS,H+SS)]*XH
kSTO*ηNO,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SS/(KSS,H+SS)]*XH
μH*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH,H+SNH)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,H+SPO4)]*[(XSTO/XH)/
(KSTO+XSTO/XH)]*XH
μH*ηNO,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SNH/(KNH,H+SNH)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,H+SPO4)]*[(XSTO/XH)/(KSTO,H+XSTO/XH)]*XH
bH*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*XH
bH*ηNO,end,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*XH
bSto*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*XSTO
bSto*ηNO,end,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*XSTO
μA*[SO/(KO,A+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH,A+SNH)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,A+SHCO)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,A+SPO4)]*XA
bA*[SO/(KO,A+SO)]*XA
bA*ηNO,A*[KO,A/(KO,A+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*XA
qPHA*[SS/(KSS,PAO+SS)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPP/XPAO)/(KPP,PAO+XPP/XPAO)]*XPAO
KO,PAO+SO)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PP+SPO4)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+XPHA/XPAO)]*[(Kmax,PAO-
(XPP/XPAO))/((KiPP,PAO+Kmax,PAO-(XPP/XPAO))]*XPAO
qPP*ηNO,PAO*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PP+SPO4)]*[SHCO/
+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+XPHA/XPAO)]*[(Kmax,PAO-(XPP/XPAO))/((KiPP,PAO+Kmax,PAO-(XPP/XPAO))]*XPAO
SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH,PAO+SNH)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/
(KPHA+XPHA/XPAO)]*XPAO
O,PAO
*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[SNH/(KNH,PAO+SNH)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[SHCO/
(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA+XPHA/XPAO)]*XPAO
bPAO*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*XPAO
bPAO*ηNO,end,PAO*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*XPAO
bPP*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*XPP
bPP*ηNO,lys,PP*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*XPP
bPHA*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*XPHA
bPHA*ηNO,resp,PHA*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*XPHA
Pocess rate
qXCB_SB,hyd*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+XCB/XOHO)]*XOHO
qSB_Stor*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
qSB_Stor*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SB/(KSB,OHO+SB)]*XOHO
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,OHO+SNHX)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/(KStor_OHO+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
*nμOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,OHO+SNHX)]*[SAlk/
OHO,Max
(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[(XOHO,Stor/XOHO)/(KStor_OHO+XOHO,Stor/XOHO)]*XOHO
mOHO*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XOHO
mOHO*nmOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XOHO
mStor*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XOHO,Stor
mStor*nmOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XOHO,Stor
Max
*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,ANO+SNHX)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,ANO+SAlk)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,ANO+SPO4)]*XANO
bANO*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*XANO
bANO*ηNO,A*[KO2,ANO/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XANO
O,Ac_PHA
*[SB/(KSB,PAO+SB)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PP/XPAO)/(fPP_PAO,Max+XPAO,PP/XPAO)]*XPAO
*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/
PAO,PO4_PP
PHA_PAO
+XPAO,PHA/XPAO)]*[(KS,fPP_PAO-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))/((KI,fPP_PAO+KS,fPP_PAO-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
AO,PO4_PP
*nμPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+XPAO,PHA/XPAO)]*[(KS,fPP_PAO-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))/((KI,fPP_PAO+KS,fPP_PAO-
(XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
μPAO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,PAO+SNHX)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,nut+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+XPAO,PHA/XPAO)]*XPAO
μPAO,Max*nμPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SNHX/(KNHx,PAO+SNHX)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,PAO,nut+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+XPAO,PHA/XPAO)]*XPAO
mPAO*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*XPAO
mPAO*nmPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*XPAO
bPP_PO4*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*XPAO,PP
bPP_PO4*nbPP_PO4*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*XPAO,PP
bPHA_Ac*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*XPAO,PHA
bPHA_Ac*nbPHA_Ac*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*XPAO,PHA
Composition Matrix
N P Charge TSS
0.03 0
1 0.0714
1 -0.0714
1
1 -0.0484
-1
0.01 0
0.03 0.01 0.75
0.035 0.005 0.75
0.07 0.014 0.9
0.6
0.07 0.014 0.9
1 -0.03226 3.23
0.6
0.07 0.014 0.9
-1
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00

0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
-2.8E-16 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00
Parameters
* Meijer, S. C. F. (2004). Theoretical and practical aspects of modelling activated sludge processes. Departm
Technology, The Netherlands: 218
**The parameters and variables newly introduced in this study are named according to the standardise
may not be consistent with the original model notation.
State Variables
State Variables
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry
kinetic
Parameters
* Meijer, S. C. F. (2004). Theoretical and practical aspects of modelling activated sludge processes. Department of Biotechn
Technology, The Netherlands: 218
*The parameters and variables newly introduced in this study are named according to the standardised notation rule
may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Dissolved oxygen

Stored glycogen in PAOs
Alkalinity (HCO3-)
Yield for consumption of XPAO,PHA per XPAO formation (Aerobic)
Yield for consumption of XPAO,PHA per XPAO formation (Anoxic)

Yield for XPAO,PP formation per XPAO (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PP formation per XPAO (Aerobic)
Yield for XPAO,PHA storage per SAc (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PHA storage per SAc (Anaerobic)
Yield for XPAO,PP requirement (SPO4 release) per XPAO,PHA stored (SAc utilized) (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PP requirement (SPO4 release) per XPAO,PHA stored (SAc utilized) (Anaerobic)
Yield for formation of XPAO,Gly (Anoxic)
Yield for formation of XPAO,Gly (Aerobic)
ATP produced per NADH or P/O ratio
Observed biomass ratio TOC over COD
Fraction of XU generated in XANO decay
N content of SF
N content of SU
N content of XU
N content of XB
P content of SF
P content of SU
P content of XU
P content of XB
Conversion factor XPAO,PHA in TSS
Conversion factor XPAO,Gly in TSS

Conversion factor for SAc (CH3COO-)in charge


Half saturation/inhibition parameter for SO2
Half saturation/inhibition parameter for SNOx


Rate constant for SAc uptake rate (XPAO,PHA storage) (anaerobic)
Rate constant for SAc uptake rate (XPAO,PHA storage) (anoxic)
Reduction factor for KO2 for XPAO,PP formation
Reduction factor for KNOx for XPAO,PP formation
Rate constant for formation of XPAO,Gly
Maximum ratio of XPAO,Gly/XPAO
Saturation constant for XPAO,Gly/XPAO

Rate for XPAO,PHA consumption (XPAO growth)
Reduction factor for denitrifying processes

Observed oxygen consumption for maintenance
Maintenance rate for XPAO (Aerobic)
Maintenance rate for XPAO (Anoxic)
Maintenance rate for XPAO (Anaerobic)
Half saturation parameter for XPAO,PP
Half saturation parameter for XPAO,PHA
Half saturation parameter for XPAO,Gly
Decay rate for XANO
ers
processes. Department of Biotechnological Engineering. Delft University of
ands: 218
o the standardised notation rules (Corominas et al., 2010) and thus
Standardised Value*
Parameter** unit
notation T=20°C
SF SF g COD.m-3 1
SA SAc g COD.m-3 2
SI SU g COD.m-3 3
XS XCB g COD.m-3 5
XI XU g COD.m-3 6
SNH SNHx g N.m-3 7
SNO SNOx g N.m-3 8
SN2 SN2 g N.m-3 9

SPO SPO4 g P.m-3 10
XGLY XPAO,Gly g COD.m-3 15
SHCO SAlk mol HCO3-.m-3 17
XTSS XTSS g TSS.m-3 18
fSI fSU_XCB,hyd g SU.g XCB-1 0 19
YH YOHO g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.63 20
fXI,H fXU_OHO,lys g XU.g XOHO-1 0.1 21
YPHAO YPHA_PAO,Ox g XPHA.g XPAO-1 1.39 22
YPHANO YPHA_PAO,Ax g XPHA.g XPAO-1 1.72
YPPNO YPAO_PP,Ax g XPP.g XPAO-1 3.02
YPPO YPAO_PP,Ox g XPP.g XPAO-1 4.42

YSAAN YAc_PHA,PAO,Ax g XPHA.g SAc-1 1.5
YSANO YAc_PHA,PAO,An g XPHA.g SAc-1 0.71
YPOAN YPP_PHA,PAO,Ax g XPP.g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc-1 0.35
YPONO YPP_PHA,PAO,An g XPP.g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc-1 0.23
YGLYNO YPAO_Gly,Ax g XGly.g XPAO-1 1.18
YGLYO YPAO_Gly,Ox g XGly.g XPAO-1 1.11
δ YNADH_ATP mol ATP.mol NADH-1 1.85
α iTOC_COD g C.g COD-1 0.334
YA YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.24 1
fXI,A fXU_ANO,lys g XU.g XANO-1 0.1 2
iN,SF iN_SF g N.g SF-1 0.03 3
iN,SI iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.01 4
iP,SF iP_SF g P.g SF-1 0.01 8

iTSS,PHA iTSS_XPAO,PHA g TSS.g XPHA-1 0.6 15
iTSS,PP iTSS_XPAO,PP g TSS.g XPP-1 3.23 17
iTSS,GLY iTSS_XPAO,Gly g TSS.g XGly-1 0.84 18
iNO3,N2 iNOx,N2 g COD.g N-1 2.85714 19

iCOD_NO3 iCOD_NOx g COD.g N-1 -4.57143 20
iCharge_Ac iCharge_Ac Charge.g COD-1 -0.01563 22
iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.07143

iCharge_NO3 iCharge_NOx Charge.g N-1 -0.07143
iCharge_PO4 iCharge_PO4 Charge.g P-1 -0.04839
iCharge_XPAO,PP iCharge_XPAO,PP Charge.g P-1 -0.03226
kh qXCB_SB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 3
KX KXCB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1 0.1
ηNO,HYD nqhyd,Ax - 0.8
ηfe nqhyd,An - 0.2
KO,HYD KO2,hyd g SO2.m-3 0.2
KNO,HYD KNOx,hyd g N.m-3 0.5
μH μOHO,Max d-1 6
ηNO,H nμOHO,Ax - 0.8
qfe qSF_Ac,Max g SF.g XOHO-1.d-1 3
KF KSF,OHO g SF.m-3 4
KAc KAc,OHO g SAc.m-3 4
bH mOHO d-1 0.4
Kfe KSF,fe g SF.m-3 20
KNO,H KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5
KN,H KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.05
KP,H KPO4,OHO g SPO4.m-3 0.01
KHCO,H KAlk,OHO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.1

qAc qPAO,Ac_PHA,An g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 8
qAcNO qPAO,Ac_PHA,Ax g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 1.2
kPP qPAO,PO4_PP g XPP.g XPAO-1.d-1 0.1
gPP nKO2 - 0.22
gPP nKNOx - 0.22
fPPmax fPP_PAO,Max g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.35
KfPP KI,fPP_PAO g XPP.g XPAO-1 0.01
kGLY qGly g XGly.g XPAO-1.d-1 0.93
fGLYmax fGly_PAO,Max g XGly.g XPAO-1.d-1 0.5
KfGLY KfGly_PAO g XGly.g XPAO-1 0.01 1

KfPHA KfPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO -1
0.2 2
kPHA qPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 5.51 3
ηNO,PAO nqPAO - 0.8 4
mOC mPAO,O2 g SO2.g XPAO-1.d-1 0.096 5
mO mPAO,Ox d-1 0.06 6
mNO mPAO,Ax d-1 0.09 7
mAN mPAO,An g P.g XPAO-1.d -1
0.05 8
KAc KAc,PAO g SAc.m -3
4 9
KO,PAO KO2,PAO g SO2.m -3
0.2 10
KNO,PAO KNOx,PAO g SNOx.m-3 0.5 11
KN,PAO KNHx,PAO g SNHx.m-3 0.05 12
KPO KPO4,PAO,upt g SPO4.m-3 1 13
KP,PAO KPO4,PAO,nut g SPO4.m-3 0.02 14
KPP KPP,PAO g XPP.m-3 0.01 15
KPHA KPHA,PAO g XPHA.m -3
0.01 16
KGLY KGly,PAO g XGly.m -3
0.01 17
KHCO,PAO KAlk,PAO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.01 18
μA μANO,Max d-1 1 19
bA bANO d-1 0.15 20
KO,A KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.5 21
KNH,A KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1 22
KP,A KPO4,ANO g SPO4.m-3 0.01
KHCO,A KAlk,ANO mol HCO3-.m-3 0.5

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
* Missing kinetic terms that have not be

ASM
Original publication Meijer, S. C. F. (2004). Theoretical and practical aspec
SO2 SF SA
Aerobic hydrolysis 1-fSI
Anoxic hydrolysis 1-fSI
Anaerobic hydrolysis 1-fSI
Aerobic growth of XH on SF -(1-YH)/YH -1/YH
Aerobic growth of XH on SA -(1-YH)/YH -1/YH
Anoxic growth of XH on SF -1/YH
Anoxic growth of XH on SA -1/YH
Fermentation -1 1
Lysis
Anaerobic Storage of SA -1
Anaerobic Maintenance
Anoxic storage of SA -1
Anoxic PHA consumption
Anoxic glycogen formation
Anoxic maintenance
Aerobic PHA consumption -1+1/YPHA,O
Aerobic Storage of XPP -1/YPP,O
Aerobic glycogen formation -(1-YGLY,O)/YGLY,O
Aerobic maintenance -1
Aerobic growth of XA -(-iCOD_NOx-YA)/YA
Lysis
COD -1 1 1
N iN,SF
P iP,SF
Charge iCharge_Ac
TSS
SO2 SF SAc
Aerobic hydrolysis 1-fSU_XCB,hyd
Anoxic hydrolysis 1-fSU_XCB,hyd
Anaerobic hydrolysis 1-fSU_XCB,hyd
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SF -(1-YOHO)/YOHO -1/YOHO
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SAc -(1-YOHO)/YOHO -1/YOHO
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SF -1/YOHO
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SAc -1/YOHO
Fermentation -1 1
Lysis
Anaerobic Storage of SAc -1
Anoxic storage of SAc -1
Anoxic XPAO,PHA consumption
Anoxic Storage of XPAO,PP
Anoxic maintenance
Aerobic XPAO,PHA consumption -1+1/YPHA_PAO,Ox
Aerobic Storage of XPAO,PP -1/YPAO_PP,Ox
-(1-
Aerobic glycogen formation YPAO_Gly,Ox)/YPAO_
Gly,Ox
Aerobic maintenance -1
-(-iCOD_NOx-
Aerobic growth of XANO
YANO)/YANO
Lysis
COD -1 1 1
N iN_SF
P iP_SF
Charge iCharge_Ac
TSS
SO2 SF SA
Aerobic hydrolysis 1
Anoxic hydrolysis 1
Anaerobic hydrolysis 1
Aerobic growth of XH on SF -0.59 -1.59
Aerobic growth of XH on SA -0.59 -1.59
Anoxic growth of XH on SF -1.59
Anoxic growth of XH on SA -1.59
Fermentation -1 1
Lysis
Anaerobic Storage of SA -1
Anoxic storage of SA -1
Anoxic maintenance
Aerobic PHA consumption -0.28
Aerobic Storage of XPP -0.23
Aerobic glycogen formation 0.10
Aerobic maintenance -1.00
Aerobic growth of XA -18.05
Lysis
Compone
Consumed component (every
Biomass invo
Other requ
Inhibitor
SO2 SF SA
Aerobic hydrolysis
Anoxic hydrolysis
Anaerobic hydrolysis
Aerobic growth of XH on SF
Aerobic growth of XH on SA
Anoxic growth of XH on SF
Anoxic growth of XH on SA
Fermentation
Lysis
Anaerobic Storage of SA
Anoxic storage of SA
Anoxic maintenance
Aerobic PHA consumption
Aerobic Storage of XPP
Aerobic glycogen formation
Aerobic maintenance
Aerobic growth of XA
Lysis
* Missing kinetic terms that have not been corrected (please refer to the article)
ASM2d + TUD
. F. (2004). Theoretical and practical aspects of modelling activated sludge processes. Department of Biotechnological Enginee
Corrected M
SNH SNO SN2 SPO SI
iN,XS-iN,SI*fSI-iN,SF*(1-fSI) iP,XS-iP,SI*fSI-iP,SF*(1-fSI) fSI
iN,SF/YH-iN,BM iP,SF/YH-iP,BM
-iN,BM -iP,BM
iN,SF/YH-iN,BM -(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) (1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) iP,SF/YH-iP,BM
-iN,BM -(1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) (1-YH)/(iNOx,N2*YH) -iP,BM
iN,SF iP,SF
iN,BM-iN,XI*fXI,H-iN,XS*(1- iP,BM-iP,XI*fXI,H-iP,XS*(1-
fXI,H) fXI,H)
YPO,AN
-(1-YSA,NO)/iNOx,N2 (1-YSA,NO)/iNOx,N2 YPO,NO
-(1-
-iN,BM/YPHA,NO (1-1/YPHA,NO)/iNOx,N2 -iP,BM/YPHA,NO
1/YPHA,NO)/iNOx,N2
iN,BM/YPP,NO -(1/YPP,NO)/iNOx,N2 (1/YPP,NO)/iNOx,N2 iP,BM/YPP,NO-1
iN,BM/YGLY,NO -(1/YGLY,NO-1)/iNOx,N2 (1/YGLY,NO-1)/iNOx,N2 iP,BM/YGLY,NO
iN,BM -1/iNOx,N2 1/iNOx,N2 iP,BM
-iN,BM/YPHA,O -iP,BM/YPHA,O
iN,BM/YPP,O iP,BM/YPP,O-1
iN,BM/YGLY,O iP,BM/YGLY,O
iN,BM iP,BM
-iN,BM-1/YA 1/YA -iP,BM
iN,BM-iN,XI*fXI,A-iN,XS*(1- iP,BM-iP,XI*fXI,A-iP,XS*(1-
fXI,A) fXI,A)
Composition Matrix
iCOD_NOx iCOD_N2 1
1 1 1 iN,SI
1 iP,SI
Corrected Mat
SNHx SNOx SN2 SPO4 SU
iN_XCB-iN_SU*fSU_XCB,hyd- iP_XCB-iP_SU*fSU_XCB,hyd- fSU_XC

iN_SF*(1-fSU_XCB,hyd) iP_SF*(1-fSU_XCB,hyd) B,hyd


iN_SF/YOHO-iN_XBio iP_SF/YOHO-iP_XBio
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
-(1-YOHO)/ (1-YOHO)/
iN_SF/YOHO-iN_XBio iP_SF/YOHO-iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YOHO) (iNOx,N2*YOHO)
-(1-YOHO)/ (1-YOHO)/
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YOHO) (iNOx,N2*YOHO)
iN_SF iP_SF
iN_XBio-iN_XU*fXU_OHO,lys- iP_XBio-iP_XU*fXU_OHO,lys-
iN_XCB*(1-fXU_OHO,lys) iP_XCB*(1-fXU_OHO,lys)
YPP_PHA,PAO,Ax
-(1- (1-
YPP_PHA,PAO,An
YAc_PHA,PAO,An)/iNOx,N2 YAc_PHA,PAO,An)/iNOx,N2
-(1- (1-
-iN_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ax -iP_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ax
1/YPHA_PAO,Ax)/iNOx,N2 1/YPHA_PAO,Ax)/iNOx,N2
-
iN_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ax (1/YPAO_PP,Ax)/iNOx,N2 iP_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ax-1
(1/YPAO_PP,Ax)/iNOx,N2
-(1/YPAO_Gly,Ax- (1/YPAO_Gly,Ax-
iN_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ax iP_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ax
1)/iNOx,N2 1)/iNOx,N2
iN_XBio -1/iNOx,N2 1/iNOx,N2 iP_XBio
-iN_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ox -iP_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ox
iN_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ox iP_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ox-1
iN_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ox iP_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ox
iN_XBio iP_XBio
-iN_XBio-1/YANO 1/YANO -iP_XBio
iN_XBio-iN_XU*fXU_ANO,lys- iP_XBio-iP_XU*fXU_ANO,lys-
iN_XCB*(1-fXU_ANO,lys) iP_XCB*(1-fXU_ANO,lys)
Composition Matrix
iCOD_NOx iCOD_N2 1
1 1 1 iN_SU
1 iP_SU

SNH SNO SN2 SPO SI
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
-0.022 -0.004
-0.07 -0.02
-0.022 -0.21 0.21 -0.004
-0.07 -0.21 0.21 -0.02
0.03 0.01
0.04 0.01
0.35
1
-0.10 0.10 0.23
-0.041 -0.15 0.15 -0.012
0.023 -0.12 0.12 -0.993
0.059 0.05 -0.05 0.017
0.070 -0.35 0.35 0.020
-0.050 -0.014
0.016 -0.995
0.063 0.018
0.07 0.02
-4.24 4.17 -0.02
0.04 0.01
Kineti
Component Function Conseq
Consumed component (every state variable with a negative sign) L
Biomass involved in the process proportio
Other required component L
Inhibitory component I
SNH SNO SN2 SPO SI
*
of Biotechnological Engineering. Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands: 218

̂A
SHCO Xi XS XH XPAO XPP
v1_SNH*iCharge_NHx+v1_SPO*iCharge_PO4 -1
v4_SNH*iCharge_NHx+v4_SPO*iCharge_PO4 1
v5_SNH*iCharge_NHx+v5_SPO*iCharge_PO4
1
+v5_SA*iCharge_Ac
1
+v6_SNO*iCharge_NOx
1
+v7_SNO*iCharge_NOx+v7_SA*iCharge_Ac
+iCharge_Ac
v9_SNH*iCharge_NHx+v9_SPO*iCharge_PO4 fXI,H 1-fXI,H -1

v10_SPO*iCharge_PO4-
-YPO,AN
iCharge_Ac+v10_XPP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
iCharge_PO4-iCharge_XPAO,PP -1
v12_SPO*iCharge_PO4-
iCharge_Ac+v12_XPP*iCharge_XPAO,PP+v12_ -YPO,NO
*i
SNO Charge_NOx
v13_SNH*iCharge_NHx+v13_SPO*iCharge_PO
1/YPHA,NO
4
+v13_SNO*iCharge_NOx
-1/YPP,NO 1
4
+v14_SNO*iCharge_NOx+iCharge_XPAO,PP
-1/YGLY,NO
4
-1
4
1/YPHA,O
4
-1/YPP,O 1
+i
4 Charge_XPAO,PP
-1/YGLY,O
4
-1
4
4
fXI,A 1-fXI,A
4
on Matrix
1 1 1 1
iN,XI iN,XS iN,BM iN,BM
iP,XI iP,XS iP,BM iP,BM 1
-1 iCharge_XPAO,PP
iTSS,XI iTSS,XS iTSS,BM iTSS,BM iTSS,PP
orrected Matrix: Standardised Notation

̂A
SAlk Xi XCB XOHO XPAO XPAO,PP
v1_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v1_SPO4*iCharge_PO
-1
4
-1
4
-1
4
1
4
1
4
+v5_SA*iCharge_Ac
1
4
+v6_SNO*iCharge_NOx
4
+v7_SNOx*iCharge_NOx+v7_SAc*iCharge_A 1
c
+i
4 Charge_Ac
1-
v9_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v9_SPO4*iCharge_PO fXU_OHO,ly
fXU_OHO,ly -1
4 s
s
v10_SPO4*iCharge_PO4-
-YPP_PHA,PAO,Ax
iCharge_Ac+v10_XPAO,PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP
iCharge_PO4-iCharge_XPAO,PP -1
v12_SPO4*iCharge_PO4-
iCharge_Ac+v12_XPAO,PP*iCharge_XPAO,PP+ -YPP_PHA,PAO,An
v12_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
v13_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v13_SPO4*iCharge_P
1/YPHA_PAO,Ax
O4
+v13_SNOx*iCharge_NOx
O4
+v14_SNOx*iCharge_NOx+iCharge_XPAO,P -1/YPAO_PP,Ax 1
P
-1/YPAO_Gly,Ax
O4
-1
O4
1/YPHA_PAO,Ox
O4
-1/YPAO_PP,Ox 1
+i
O4 Charge_XPAO,PP
-1/YPAO_Gly,Ox
O4
-1
O4
O4
1-
v22_SNHx*iCharge_NHx+v22_SPO4*iCharge_P fXU_ANO,ly
fXU_ANO,ly
O4 s
s
on Matrix
1 1 1 1
iN_XU iN_XCB iN_XBio iN_XBio
iP_XU iP_XCB iP_XBio iP_XBio 1
-1 iCharge_XPAO,PP
iTSS_XU iTSS_XCB iTSS_XBio iTSS_XBio iTSS_XPAO,PP
Continuity check
SHCO Xi Xs XH XPAO ̂A XPP
0.000 -1
0.000 -1
0.000 -1
-0.001 1
0.021 1
0.013 1
0.035 1
-0.014
0.002 0.1 0.9 -1
0.010 -0.35
-0.016 -1
0.019 -0.23
0.008 0.58
0.026 -0.33 1
0.000 -0.85
0.029 -1
-0.003 0.72
0.017 -0.23 1
0.004 -0.90
0.004 -1
-0.599
0.002 0.1 0.9
SHCO Xi Xs XH XPAO XPP
*
XPHA XGLY XA XTSS Pocess rate
-iTSS,XS kh*[(XS/(XH+XPAO))/(KX+(XS/(XH+XPAO)]*[S
kh*ηNO,HYD*[KO,HYD/(KO,HYD+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,HYD+
-iTSS,XS
(XH+XPAO)]*(XH+X
kh*ηfe*[KO,HYD/(KO,HYD+SO)]*[KNO,HYD/(KNO,HYD+S
-iTSS,XS
(XH+XPAO)]*(XH+X
μH*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SA)]*[SNH/
iTSS,BM
(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*X
μH*[SO/(KO,H+SO)]*[SA/(KAc+SA)]*[SA/(SF+SA)]*[SNH
iTSS,BM
(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*X
μH*ηNO,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SF/(KF+S
iTSS,BM
(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+
μH*ηNO,H*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[S
iTSS,BM
(KN,H+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO
qfe*[KO,H/(KO,H+SO)]*[KNO,H/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SF/(K
iTSS,XI*fXI,H+iTSS,XS*(1-fXI,H)-
bH*XH
iTSS,BM
iTSS,PP*(-YPO,AN)
qAc*[SA/(KAc+SA)]*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[KNO,PAO/(KN
YSA,AN 1-YSA,AN +iTSS,PHA*YSA,AN+iTSS,GLY*(1
(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
-YSA,AN)
-iTSS,PP mAN*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[
iTSS,PP*(-YPO,NO)
YSA,NO qAc,NO*[SA/(KAc+SA)]*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(K
+iTSS,PHA*YSA,NO
kPHA*ηNO,PAO*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNH/(KN,PAO+
-1 iTSS,BM/YPHA,NO-iTSS,PHA
(KP,PAO+SPO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/X
kPP*ηNO,PAO*[XPAO/XPP]*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(gPP*K
-iTSS,BM/YPP,NO+iTSS,PP
(KPHA+XPHA)]*[(fpp,max-(XPP/XPAO))/(KfPP+
kGLY*ηNO,PAO*[XPHA/XGLY]*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KN
1 -iTSS,BM/YGLY,NO+iTSS,GLY
(XGLY/XPAO))/(KfGLY+(fGLY,max-XGLY/XPAO))]*[S
-iTSS,BM mNO*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(K
kPHA*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNH/(KN,PAO+SNH)]
-1 iTSS,BM/YPHA,O-iTSS,PHA
(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA
kPP*[XPAO/XPP]*[SO/(gPP*KO,PAO+SO)]*[SPO/(KP,PAO+
-iTSS,BM/YPP,O+iTSS,PP
(XPP/XPAO))/(KfPP+(fPP,max-XPP
kGLY*[XPHA/XGLY]*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[XPHA/(KPHA+XPHA)]
1 -iTSS,BM/YGLY,O+iTSS,GLY
XGLY/XPAO))]*XPA
-iTSS,BM mO*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]
1 iTSS,BM μA*[SO/(KO,A+SO)]*[SNH/(KNH,A+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,A
iTSS,XI*fXI,A+iTSS,XS*(1-fXI,A)-
-1 bA*XA
iTSS,BM
1 1 1
iN,BM
iP,BM
iTSS,PHA iTSS,GLY iTSS,BM -1
XPAO,PHA XPAO,Gly XANO XTSS Pocess rate
-iTSS_XCB qXCB_SB,hyd*[(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO))/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/(XOHO+
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,hyd/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,hyd
-iTSS_XCB
(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO)]*(XO
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,An*[KO2,hyd/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[KNOx,hyd/(KNOx,h
-iTSS_XCB
(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO)]*(XO
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(S
iTSS_XBio
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OH
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(
iTSS_XBio
(KPO4,OHO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,OH
μOHO,Max*nqOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNO
iTSS_XBio
(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+
μOHO,Max*nqOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx
iTSS_XBio
(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,OHO+
qSF_Ac,Max*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx
(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*XO
iTSS_XU*fXU_OHO,lys+iTSS_XCB*(
mOHO*XOHO
1-fXU_OHO,lys)-iTSS_XBio
iTSS_XPAO,PP*(-YPP_PHA,PAO,Ax)
1-
YAc_PHA,PA +iTSS_XPAO,PHA*YAc_PHA,PAO,Ax qPAO,Ac_PHA,An*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO
YAc_PHA,PA
O,Ax
+iTSS_XPAO,Gly*(1- (KGly,PAO+XPAO,Gly)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,P
O,Ax
YAc_PHA,PAO,Ax)
-iTSS_XPAO,PP mPAO,An*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO
YAc_PHA,PA iTSS_XPAO,PP*(-YPP_PHA,PAO,An) qPAO,Ac_PHA,Ax*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+S

O,An
+iTSS_XPAO,PHA*YAc_PHA,PAO,An (KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP]*X
iTSS_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ax- qPHA_PAO*nqPAO,Ax*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PA
-1
iTSS_XPAO,PHA (KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPA
- qPAO,PO4_PP*nqPAO,Ax*[XPAO/XPAO,PP]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+S
iTSS_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ax+iTSS_XPAO (KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PHA/(KPHA,PAO+XPAO,PHA)]*[(fpp,max
,PP XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XP
- qGly*nqPAO,Ax*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO,Gly]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO
1 iTSS_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ax+iTSS_XPA (KPHA,PAO+XPAO,PHA)]*[(fgly,max-(XPAO,Gly/XPAO))/(KfGly_P
O,Gly (KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*XP
-iTSS_XBio mPAO,Ax*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/
iTSS_XBio/YPHA_PAO,Ox- qPHA_PAO*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SN
-1
iTSS_XPAO,PHA (KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PA
-
qPAO,PO4_PP*[XPAO/XPAO,PP]*[SO2/(nKO2*KO2,PAO+SO2)
iTSS_XBio/YPAO_PP,Ox+iTSS_XPA
(KPHA,PAO+XPAO,PHA)]*[(fpp,max-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))/(KI,fPP_P
O,PP
-
qGly*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO,Gly]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PH
1 iTSS_XBio/YPAO_Gly,Ox+iTSS_XPA
(XPAO,Gly/XPAO))/(KfGly_PAO+(fGly_PAO,Max
O,Gly
-iTSS_XBio mPAO,Ox*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+S
μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SN
1 iTSS_XBio
(KAlk,ANO+SAlk)]*XA
iTSS_XU*fXU_ANO,lys+iTSS_XCB*(
-1 bANO*XANO
1-fXU_ANO,lys)-iTSS_XBio
1 1 1
iN_XBio
iP_XBio
iTSS_XPAO,P iTSS_XPAO,Gl
iTSS_XBio -1
HA y
Composition Ma
COD N
SO2 -1
SF 1 0.03
SA 1
SNH 1
SNO -4.571429 1
SN2 -1.714286 1
SPO
SI 1 0.01
SHCO
Xi 1 0.03
Xs 1 0.03
XH 1 0.07
XPAO 1 0.07
XPP
XPHA 1
XGLY 1
XA 1 0.07
XTSS
XPHA XGLY XA XTSS
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
-0.75 0E+00 0E+00
0.9 0E+00 0E+00
0.9 0E+00 0E+00
0.9 0E+00 0E+00
0.9 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
-0.15 0E+00 0E+00
1.5 -0.5 -0.65 0E+00 0E+00
-3.23 0E+00 0E+00
0.71 -0.32 0E+00 0E+00
-1 -0.08 0E+00 0E+00
2.93 0E+00 0E+00
1 0.08 0E+00 0E+00
-0.90 0E+00 0E+00
-1 0.05 0E+00 0E+00
3.03 0E+00 0E+00
1 0.03 0E+00 0E+00
-0.90 0E+00 0E+00
1 0.9 0E+00 -3E-16
-1 -0.15 0E+00 0E+00
XPHA XGLY XA XTSS
Pocess rate
XPAO))/(KX+(XS/(XH+XPAO)]*[SO/(KO,HYD+SO)]*(XH+XPAO)
/(KO,HYD+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,HYD+SNO)]*[(XS/(XH+XPAO))/(KX+(XS/
(XH+XPAO)]*(XH+XPAO)
,HYD
+SO)]*[KNO,HYD/(KNO,HYD+SNO)]*[(XS/(XH+XPAO))/(KX+(XS/
(XH+XPAO)]*(XH+XPAO)
/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SA)]*[SNH/(KN,H+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO/
(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*XH
(KAc+SA)]*[SA/(SF+SA)]*[SNH/(KN,H+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO/
(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*XH
[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SA)]*[SNH/(KN,H+SNH)]*[SPO/
(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*XH
+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SA/(KAc+SA)]*[SA/(SF+SA)]*[SNH/
O,H
+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,H+SPO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*XH
)]*[KNO,H/(KNO,H+SNO)]*[SF/(Kfe+SF)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,H+SHCO)]*XH
bH*XH
PAO
/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[KNO,PAO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[XGLY/(KGLY+XGLY)]*[XPP/
(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
KO,PAO+SO)]*[KNO,PAO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP]*XPAO
O
/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNH/(KN,PAO+SNH)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[SPO/
HCO
/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA+(XPHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
O,PAO
/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(gPP*KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[SPO/(KP,PAO+SPO)]*[XPHA/
A
)]*[(fpp,max-(XPP/XPAO))/(KfPP+(fPP,max-XPP/XPAO))]*XPAO
KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*[XPHA/(KPHA+XPHA)]*[(fgly,max-
KfGLY+(fGLY,max-XGLY/XPAO))]*[SHCO/(KHCO,PAO+SHCO)]*XPAO
*[KO,PAO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*[SNO/(KNO,PAO+SNO)]*XPAO
,PAO
+SO)]*[SNH/(KN,PAO+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,PAO+SPO)]*[SHCO/
AO
+SHCO)]*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA+(XPHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
gPP*KO,PAO+SO)]*[SPO/(KP,PAO+SPO)]*[XPHA/(KPHA+XPHA)]*[(fpp,max-
(XPP/XPAO))/(KfPP+(fPP,max-XPP/XPAO))]*XPAO
,PAO
+SO)]*[XPHA/(KPHA+XPHA)]*[(fGLY,max-(XGLY/XPAO))/(KfGLY+(fGLY,max-
XGLY/XPAO))]*XPAO
mO*[SO/(KO,PAO+SO)]*XPAO
*[SNH/(KNH,A+SNH)]*[SPO/(KP,A+SPO)]*[SHCO/(KHCO,A+SHCO)]*XH
bA*XA
Pocess rate
XPAO))/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*(XOHO+XPAO)
/(KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,hyd+SNOx)]*[(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO))/(KXCB,hyd+
(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO)]*(XOHO+XPAO)
KO2,hyd+SO2)]*[KNOx,hyd/(KNOx,hyd+SNOx)]*[(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO))/(KXCB,hyd+
(XCB/(XOHO+XPAO)]*(XOHO+XPAO)
SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
O2
OHO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/
Hx,OHO
HO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/
Hx,OHO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SF/(KSF,fe+SF)]*[SAlk/
(KAlk,OHO+SAlk)]*XOHO
mOHO*XOHO
O
+SAc)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,Gly/
y,PAO
+XPAO,Gly)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
O
+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
PAO
+SAc)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/
(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP]*XPAO
/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
/XPAO,PP]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(nKO2*KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/
O
A
/(KPHA,PAO+XPAO,PHA)]*[(fpp,max-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))/(KI,fPP_PAO+(fPP_PAO,Max-
XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
XPAO,Gly]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PHA/
fgly,max-(XPAO,Gly/XPAO))/(KfGly_PAO+(fGly_PAO,Max-XPAO,Gly/XPAO))]*[SAlk/
(KAlk,PAO+SAlk)]*XPAO
[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*XPAO
PAO
+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
Alk
)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*XPAO
AO,PP
]*[SO2/(nKO2*KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PHA/
(fpp,max-(XPAO,PP/XPAO))/(KI,fPP_PAO+(fPP_PAO,Max-XPAO,PP/XPAO))]*XPAO
]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PHA/(KPHA,PAO+XPAO,PHA)]*[(fGly_PAO,Max-
y
/XPAO))/(KfGly_PAO+(fGly_PAO,Max-XPAO,Gly/XPAO))]*XPAO
mPAO,Ox*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*XPAO
ANO
+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,ANO+SPO4)]*[SAlk/
bANO*XANO
Composition Matrix
P Charge TSS
0.01
-0.015625
0.07142857143
-0.0714285714
1 -0.0483870968
0
-1
0.01 0.75
0.01 0.75
0.02 0.9
0.02 0.9
1 -0.0322580645 3.23
0.6
0.84
0.02 0.9
-1
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00

0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00 0E+00
Parameters
* Barker P.S. and Dold, P.L. (1997). General model for biological nutrient removal activated-sludge systems: mo
69 (5), 969-984.
al., 2010) and thus may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Dissolved oxygen
Enmeshed slowly biodegradable substrate

State variables

State variabl Nitrate and nitrite (NO3 + NO2) (considered to be NO3 only for stoichiometry)
Particulate biodegradable organic N

Soluble biodegradable organic N
Soluble inert organic N
Releasable stored polyphosphates in PAOs
Non-releasable stored polyphosphates in PAOs
Hydrolysis efficiency factor (anoxic)
Hydrolysis efficiency factor (anaerobic)
Yield for XOHO growth (Aerobic)
Yield for XOHO growth (Anoxic)
Yield for XOHO growth (Anaerobic)

Yield for fermentation
Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA

Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized (Aerobic)
Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PHA storage per SAc
Fraction of XPAO,PP that can be released

Fraction of XU generated in XPAO decay
N content of SU
N content of XOHO
N content of products from XOHO
N content of XPAO
Stoichiometry
N content of products from XPAO

N content of XANO
N content of products from XANO
P content of XOHO
P content of products from XOHO
P content of XPAO
P content of products from XPAO
P content of XANO
P content of products from XANO

Ratio COD/VSS (OHO)
Ratio COD/VSS (ANO)
Ratio COD/VSS (PAO)
Conversion factor for H2 in COD
Half saturation parameter for SPO4 as nutrient


Kinetic


Maximum growth rate of XPAO (when P is limiting)
Saturation constant for XPAO,PHA/XPAO (P limit)

Half saturation parameter for XPAO,PP

Decay rate for XANO
Rate constant for ammonification

ers
al activated-sludge systems: model presentation, Wat. Env. Res.,
d according to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et

.
Standardised Value*
SBSC SF g COD.m-3 1
SBSA SAc g COD.m-3 2
SUS SU g COD.m-3 3
SENM XCB g COD.m-3 5
SUP XU,Inf g COD.m-3 6
ZE XU,E g COD.m-3 7
NH3 SNHx g N.m-3 8

NO3 SNOx g N.m-3 9
NBP XCB,N g N.m-3 10

NBS SB,N g N.m-3 11
NUS SU,N g N.m-3 12
PO4 SPO4 g P.m-3 13
ZH XOHO g COD.m-3 14
ZA XANO g COD.m-3 15
ZP XPAO g COD.m-3 16
SPHB XPAO,PHA g COD.m-3 17
PPP-LO XPAO,PP,Lo g P.m-3 18
PPP-HI XPAO,PP,Hi g P.m-3 19
EANOX Yhyd,Ax g SF.g XCB-1 0.9 20
EANA Yhyd,An g SF.g XCB-1 0.6 21
YH,AER YOHO,Ox g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.666 22
YH,ANOX YOHO,Ax g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.666 23
YH,ANA YOHO,An g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.1 24

fEP,H fXU_OHO,lys g XU.g XOHO-1 0.08 25
YAC Yfe g SAc.g SB-1 0.5 26
YP YPAO g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.639 27

fP,UPT1 YPHA_PP,Ox g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.95 28
fP,UPT2 YPHA_PP,Ax g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.55 29
YPHB YAc_PHA,PAO g XPHA.g SAc-1 0.889 30
fP,REL YPP_PHA,PAOg X PP.

g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc-1 0.52 31
fPP fPP,Lo_PP g XPP,Lo.g XPP-1 0.94 32

fEP,P fXU_PAO,lys g XU.g XPAO-1 0.25 33
fES,P fSU_PAO,lys g XU.g XPAO-1 0.2 34
YA YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.15 35
fEP,A fXU_ANO,lys g XU.g XANO-1 0.08 36

fN,SEP iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.07
fN,ZH iN_OHO g N.g XOHO-1 0.07
fN,ZEH iN_XUE,OHO g N.g XUE-1 0.07
fN,ZP iN_PAO g N.g XPAO-1 0.07
fN,ZEP iN_XUE,PAO g N.g XUE-1 0.07
fN,ZA iN_ANO g N.g XANO-1 0.07
fN,ZEA iN_XUE,ANO g N.g XUE-1 0.07
fP,ZH iP_OHO g P.g XOHO-1 0.021
fP,ZEH iP_XUE,OHO g P.g XUE-1 0.021
fP,ZP iP_PAO g P.g XPAO-1 0.021 1
fP,ZEP iP_XUE,PAO g P.g XUE-1 0.021 2
fP,ZA iP_ANO g P.g XANO-1 0.021 3
fP,ZEA iP_XUE,ANO g P.g XUE-1 0.021 4

fCV,H iVSS_OHO g XOHO.g VSS-1 1.48 5
fCV,A iVSS_ANO g XANO.g VSS-1 1.42 6
fCV,P iVSS_PAO g XPAO.g VSS-1 1.42 7
iCOD_H2 iCOD_H2 g COD.g H-1 8 11
KH qXCB_SB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1.d-1 2.81 12
KX KXCB,hyd g XCB.g XOHO-1 0.15 13

ηS,ANOX nqhyd,Ax - 1 14
ηS,ANA nqhyd,An - 0.5 15
KLP,GRO KPO4,Bio,nut g SPO4.m-3 0.005 16
μH μOHO,Max d-1 3.2 17
ηgro nμOHO,Ax - 0.37 18

KC qSF_Ac,Max g SF.g XOHO-1.d-1 4 19
KS,H KSF,OHO g SF.m-3 5 20
KS,H KAc,OHO g SAc.m-3 5 21
bH mOHO d-1 0.62 22
KS,ANA KSF,fe g SF.m-3 2 23
KO,HET KO2,OHO g SO2.m-3 0.002 24

KNO KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.1 25
KNA KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.005 26
KP qPAO,Ac_PHA g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 2 27
µP1 μPAO,Max d-1 0.95 28

µP2 μPAO,Max,Plim d-1 0.42 29
ηp nμPAO - 0.4 30
KSP1 KfPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.1 31
KSP2 KfPHA_PAO,Plim g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.05 32

bP mPAO d-1 0.04 33
bPP bPP_PO4 d-1 0.03 34
KSSEQ KAc,PAO g SAc.m-3 2.5 35
KLP,UPT KPO4,PAO,upt g SPO4.m-3 0.25 36
KXP KPP,PAO g XPP.m-3 0.01
μA μANO,Max d-1 0,2 - 1,0
bA bANO d-1 0.04
KR qam m3.g XCB,N-1.d-1 0.08
KO,AUT KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.5
KNH KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1
1
2
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
j
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
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31
32
33
34
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36
Original publication Barker P.S. and Dold, P.L. (1997). General model for biologic
Corrections added term corrected term
ZH ZA ZP ZE
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3 1

Decay of ZH -1 fEP,H
Aerobic hydrolysis of SENM

Anoxic hydrolysis of SENM
Anaerobic hydrolysis of SENM
Hydrolysis of organic N
Ammonification
Fermentation of SBSC to SBSA YH,ANA
Growth of ZA 1
Decay of ZA -1 fEP,A
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3 1
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 /

PO4 limited 1
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3 /

PO4 limited 1
Anoxic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 1
Aerobic decay of ZP -1 fEP,P
PPP-LO lysis on aerobic decay

PPP-HI lysis on aerobic decay
SPHB lysis on aerobic decay
Anoxic decay of ZP -1 fEP,P

PPP-LO lysis on anoxic decay
PPP-HI lysis on anoxic decay
SPHB lysis on anoxic decay
Anaerobic decay of ZP -1 fEP,P
PPP-LO lysis on anaerobic decay

PPP-HI lysis on anaerobic decay
SPHB lysis on anaerobic decay
Cleavage of poly_P for anaerobic
maintenance
Sequestration of SCFA by ZP
COD 1 1 1 1
N fN,ZH fN,ZA fN,ZP fN,ZEH
P fP,ZH fP,ZA fP,ZP fP,ZEH
XOHO XANO XPAO XU,E
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SF with SNHx 1
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SF with SNHx 1
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SF with SNOx 1
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SF with SNOx 1

Aerobic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNHx 1
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNHx 1
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNOx 1
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNOx 1
Decay ofXOHO -1 fXU_OHO,lys
Aerobic hydrolysis of XCB
Anoxic hydrolysis of XCB
Anaerobic hydrolysis of XCB
Ammonification
Fermentation of SF to SAc YOHO,An
Growth of XANO 1
Decay of XANO -1 fXU_ANO,lys
Aerobic growth of XPAO on SF with SNHx 1

Aerobic growth of XPAO on SF with SNOx 1
Aerobic growth of XPAO on SF with SNHx /

SPO4 limited 1
Aerobic growth of XPAO on SF with SNOx/

SPO4 limited 1
Anoxic growth of XPAO on SF with SNHx 1
Aerobic decay of XPAO -1 fXU_PAO,lys
XPAO,PP,Lo lysis on aerobic decay

XPAO,PP,Hi lysis on aerobic decay
SF lysis on aerobic decay
Anoxic decay of XPAO -1 fXU_PAO,lys
XPAO,PP,Lo lysis on anoxic decay

XPAO,PP,Hi lysis on anoxic decay
SF lysis on anoxic decay
Anaerobic decay of XPAO -1 fXU_PAO,lys
XPAO,PP,Lo lysis on anaerobic decay

XPAO,PP,Hi lysis on anaerobic decay
SF lysis on anaerobic decay
Cleavage of XPAO,PP,Lo for anaerobic
maintenance
Sequestration of SAc by XPAO
COD 1 1 1 1
N iN_OHO iN_ANO iN_PAO iN_XUE,OHO
P iP_OHO iP_ANO iP_PAO iP_XUE,OHO
ZH ZA ZP ZE
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3 1

Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3 1
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3 1

Decay of ZH -1 0.08
Ammonification
Fermentation of SBSC to SBSA 0.1
Growth of ZA 1
Decay of ZA -1 0.08
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 1
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3 1
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 /

1
PO4 limited
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3 /
1
PO4 limited
Anoxic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 1
Aerobic decay of ZP -1 0.25
Anoxic decay of ZP -1 0.25
Anaerobic decay of ZP -1 0.25
maintenance
Component Function
Consumed component (every state variable wi
Biomass involved in the proce
ZH ZA ZP ZE
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NH3
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSC with NO3
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NH3
Aerobic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3
Anoxic growth of ZH on SBSA with NO3
Decay of ZH
Ammonification
Fermentation of SBSC to SBSA
Growth of ZA
Decay of ZA
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3 / PO4
limited
Aerobic growth of ZP on SPHB with NO3 / PO4
limited
Anoxic growth of ZP on SPHB with NH3
Aerobic decay of ZP
Anoxic decay of ZP
Anaerobic decay of ZP
maintenance
New General
. General model for biological nutrient removal activated-sludge systems: model presentation, Wat. Env. Res., 69 (5), 969-984.
corrected term term to be careful with
Corrected Matri
SU
SEMM SBSC SBSA SPHB SUS PPP,LO
P
-1/YH,AER
-1/YH,ANOX
-1/YH,AER
-
1/YH,ANOX+iCOD_
*f
NOx N,ZH
-1/YH,AER
-1/YH,ANOX
-1/YH,AER
-
1/YH,ANOX+iCOD_NOx
*fN,ZH
1-fEP,H
-1 1
-1 EANOX
-1 EANA
-1 (1-YH,ANA)*YAC
1-fEP,A
-1/YP fPP*fP,UPT1/YP
-1/YP -fP,ZP
-1/YP -fP,ZP
fES,P
-1
1 -1
fES,P
-1
1 -1
1-fEP,P
-1
1 -1
-1
-1 YPHB -fP,REL
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1 1
Corrected Matrix: S
XU,
XCB SF SAc XPAO,PHA SU XPAO,PP,Lo
Inf
-1/YOHO,Ox
-1/YOHO,Ax
-1/YOHO,Ox
-
1/YOHO,Ax+iCOD_N
*i
Ox N_OHO
-1/YOHO,Ox
-1/YOHO,Ax
-1/YOHO,Ox
-
1/YOHO,Ax+iCOD_NOx
*iN_OHO
1-fXU_OHO,lys
-1 1
-1 Yhyd,Ax
-1 Yhyd,An
-1 (1-YOHO,An)*Yfe
1-fXU_ANO,lys
fPP,Lo_PP*YPHA_PP,Ox/
-1/YPAO
YPAO
fPP,Lo_PP*YPHA_PP,Ox/
-1/YPAO
YPAO
-1/YPAO -iP_PAO
-1/YPAO -iP_PAO
fPP,Lo_PP*YPHA_PP,Ax/
-1/YPAO
YPAO
fSU_PAO,lys
-1
1 -1
fSU_PAO,lys
-1
1 -1
1-fXU_PAO,lys
-1
1 -1
-1
YAc_PHA,PA
-1 -YPP_PHA,PAO
O
Composition Matrix
1 1 1 1 1 1
Contin
SEMM SBSC SBSA SPHB SUP SUS PPP-LO
-1.50
-1.50
-1.50
-1.82
-1.50
-1.50
-1.50
-1.82
0.92
-1 1
-1 0.9
-1 0.6
-1 0.45
0.92
-1.56 1.40
-1.56 1.40
-1.56 -0.021
-1.56 -0.021
-1.56 0.81
0.2
-1
1 -1
0.2
-1
1 -1
0.75
-1
1 -1
-1
-1 0.889 -0.52
Kinetic ch
Component Function Consequence on the kinetic rate
ent (every state variable with a negative sign) Limitation monod function
mass involved in the process proportional to the biomass concentration
Other required component Limitation monod function
SU
SEMM SBSC SBSA SPHB P SUS PPP-LO
at. Env. Res., 69 (5), 969-984.
orrected Matrix: Original Notation

PPP,HI PO4 NBP NBS NO3 NH3 NUS
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
-(1-YH,ANOX)/
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX)
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
-fN,ZH-(1-
-fP,ZH YH,ANOX)/
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX)
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
-(1-YH,ANOX)/
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX)
-fP,ZH -fN,ZH
-fN,ZH-(1-
-fP,ZH YH,ANOX)/
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX)
fP,ZH-
fN,ZH-fEP,H*fN,ZEH
fEP,H*fP,ZEH
-1 1
-1 1
-fP,ZH*YH,ANA -fN,ZH*YH,ANA
-fP,ZA 1/YA -fN,ZA-1/YA
fP,ZA-
fN,ZA-fEP,A*fN,ZEA
fEP,A*fP,ZEA
(1- -fP,UPT1/YP-
-fN,ZP
fPP)*fP,UPT1/YP fP,ZP
(1- -fP,UPT1/YP-
-fN,ZP
fPP)*fP,UPT1/YP fP,ZP
-fN,ZP
-fN,ZP
(1- -fP,UPT2/YP- -(1-YP)/

-fN,ZP
fPP)*fP,UPT2/YP fP,ZP (iNOx,N2*YP)
fP,ZP- fES,P*fN,SE fN,ZP-fEP,P*fN,ZEP-

fEP,P*fP,ZEP P
fES,P*fN,SEP
1
-1 1
fP,ZP- fES,P*fN,SE -(1-fEP,P- fN,ZP-fEP,P*fN,ZEP-

fEP,P*fP,ZEP P
fES,P)/iNOx,N2 fES,P*fN,SEP
1
-1 1
fP,ZP- fES,P*fN,SE fN,ZP-fEP,P*fN,ZEP-

fEP,P*fP,ZEP P
fES,P*fN,SEP
1
-1 1
1
fP,REL
Matrix
iCOD_NOx
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
ected Matrix: Standardised Notation
XPAO,PP,Hi SPO4 XCB,N SB,N SNOx SNHx SU,N
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
-iN_OHO-(1-
-iP_OHO YOHO,Ax)/
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-iP_OHO -iN_OHO
-iN_OHO-(1-
-iP_OHO YOHO,Ax)/
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
iP_OHO- iN_OHO-
fXU_OHO,lys*iP_X fXU_OHO,lys*iN_XUE,O
UE,OHO HO
-1 1
-1 1
-
-iN_OHO*YOHO,An
iP_OHO*YOHO,An
-iP_ANO 1/YANO -iN_ANO-1/YANO
iP_ANO- iN_ANO-
fXU_ANO,lys*iP_X fXU_ANO,lys*iN_XUE,A
UE,ANO NO
(1- -
fPP,Lo_PP)*YPHA_P YPHA_PP,Ox/YP -iN_PAO
P,Ox
/YPAO -i
AO P_PAO
(1- -
fPP,Lo_PP)*YPHA_P YPHA_PP,Ox/YP -iN_PAO
P,Ox
/YPAO -i
AO P_PAO
-iN_PAO
-iN_PAO
(1- -
-(1-YPAO)/
fPP,Lo_PP)*YPHA_P YPHA_PP,Ax/YPA -iN_PAO
(iNOx,N2*YPAO)
P,Ax
/YPAO -i
O P_PAO
iP_PAO- iN_PAO-
fSU_PAO,lys*
fXU_PAO,lys*iP_X fXU_PAO,lys*iN_XUE,PAO-
iN_SU
UE,PAO
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU
1
-1 1
iP_PAO- -(1-fXU_PAO,lys- iN_PAO-

fSU_PAO,lys*
fXU_PAO,lys*iP_X fSU_PAO,lys)/iNOx,N fXU_PAO,lys*iN_XUE,PAO-
iN_SU
UE,PAO 2
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU
1
-1 1
iP_PAO- iN_PAO-
fSU_PAO,lys*
fXU_PAO,lys*iP_X fXU_PAO,lys*iN_XUE,PAO-
iN_SU
UE,PAO
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU
1
-1 1
1
YPP_PHA,PAO
Matrix
iCOD_NOx
1 1 1 1 1
1 1
Continuity check
PPP-HI PO4 NBP NBS NO3 NH3 NUS
-0.021 -0.07
-0.021 -0.18 -0.07
-0.021 -0.07
-0.021 -0.25
-0.021 -0.07
-0.021 -0.18 -0.07
-0.021 -0.07
-0.021 -0.25
0.019 0.064
-1 1
-1 1
-0.0021 -0.007
-0.021 6.67 -6.74
0.01932 0.064
0.089 -1.51 -0.07
0.089 -1.51 -0.07
-0.07
-0.07
0.052 -0.88 -0.20 -0.07

0.016 0.014 0.039
1
-1 1
0.016 0.014 -0.19 0.039

1
-1 1
0.016 0.014 0.0385

1
-1 1
0.52
he kinetic rate
d function
ass concentration
d function
function
NU
PPP-HI PO4 NBP NBS NO3 NH3 S
SO SN2 SH2 Pocess rate
μH*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)]*
-(1-YH,AER)/YH,AER
(KLP,GRO
(1-YH,ANOX)/ μH*ηGRO*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX) (KNO+NO3)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(K
-(1-YH,AER)/YH,AER- μH*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)]*[SBSC/(SBSC
iCOD_NOx*fN,ZH (KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+P
(1-YH,ANOX)/ μH*ηGRO*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX) (KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(K
μH*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)]*
-(1-YH,AER)/YH,AER
(KLP,GRO
(1-YH,ANOX)/ μH*ηGRO*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX) (KNO+NO3)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(K
-(1-YH,AER)/YH,AER- μH*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)]*[SBSA/(SBSC
iCOD_NOx*fN,ZH (KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+P
(1-YH,ANOX)/ μH*ηGRO*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)
(iNOx,N2*YH,ANOX) (KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(K
bH*ZH
KH*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(S
(1-EANOX)/iCOD_H2 KH*ηS,ANOX*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[NO3/(
(1-EANA)/iCOD_H2 KH*ηS,ANA*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[KNO/(K
(r10+r11+r
KR*NBS
(1-(1-YH,ANA)*YAC- KC*[SBSC/(KS,ANA+SBSC)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO
YH,ANA)/iCOD_H2 (KO,HET+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO
-(-iCOD_NOx-YA)/YA μA*[SO/(KO,AUT+SO)]*[NH3/(KNH+NH3)]*[PO
bA*ZA
μP1*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPHB/Z
-(1-YP)/YP
(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*ZP
-(1-YP)/YP- μP1*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPHB/Z
iCOD_NOx*fN,ZP (KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,UPT+P
μP2*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P2
-(1-YP)/YP
(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*[P
-(1-YP)/YP- μP2*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P2+(SPHB/Z
iCOD_NOx*fN,ZP (KNA+NH3)]*[KLP,UPT/(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*[PPP,
(1-YP)/ μP1*ηP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPH
(iNOx,N2*YP) (KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,UPT+P
-(1-fEP,P-fES,P) bP*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*Z
bP*[SO/(KO,HET+
bP*[SO/(KO,HET+
bP*[SO/(KO,HET+
(1-fEP,P-
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[NO3/(KN
fES,P)/iNOx,N2
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[N
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[N
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[KNO/(KN
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[K
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[K
bP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[
bPP*[KO,HET/(KO,HET+SO)]*[PPP,LO/(K
(1-YPHB)/iCOD_H2 KP*[SBSA/(KSSEQ+SBSA)]*[PPP,LO/(KX
-1 iCOD_N2 1
1
SO2 SN2 SH2 Pocess rate
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF
-(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*ημOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,O
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO
-(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox- μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+S
iCOD_NOx*iN_OHO (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SP
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*ημOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,O
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SP
μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc
-(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*ημOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,O
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4
-(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox- μOHO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SA
iCOD_NOx*iN_OHO (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SP
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*ημOHO,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,O
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SP
bOHO*XOHO
qXCB_SB,hyd*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XC
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,Ax*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+S
(1-Yhyd,Ax)/iCOD_H2
(KXCB,hyd+(XC
qXCB_SB,hyd*nqhyd,An*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2
(1-Yhyd,An)/iCOD_H2
(KXCB,hyd+(XC
(r10+r11+r12
qam*SB,N*(
(1-(1-YOHO,An)*Yfe- qSF_Ac,Max*[SF/(KSF,fe+SF)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[S
YOHO,An)/iCOD_H2 (KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO
-(-iCOD_NOx-
μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]
YANO)/YANO
bANO*XANO
μPAO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PA
-(1-YPAO)/YPAO
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,up
-(1-YPAO)/YPAO- μPAO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PA
iCOD_NOx*iN_PAO (KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SP
μPAO,Max,Plim*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2
-(1-YPAO)/YPAO (XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[
μPAO,Max,Plim*[SO2/(K(K +S+X
PP,PAO
-(1-YPAO)/YPAO- O2,OHO O2
(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx
iCOD_NOx*iN_PAO
(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo
μPAO,Max*ηP*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XPAO
(1-YPAO)/
(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNH
(iNOx,N2*YPAO)
(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*XPA
-(1-fXU_PAO,lys-
mPAO*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*
fSU_PAO,lys)
mPAO*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+S
(1-fXU_PAO,lys-
mPAO*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KN
fSU_PAO,lys)/iNOx,N2
mPAO*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx
mPAO*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(K
mPAO*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO
bPP_PO4*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/(K
(1-
qPAO,Ac_PHA*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/(K
YAc_PHA,PAO)/iCOD_H2
-1 iCOD_N2 1
1
Composition Matr
COD
ZH 1
ZA 1
ZP 1
ZE 1
SEMM 1
SBSC 1
SBSA 1
SPHB 1
SUP 1
SUS 1
PPP-LO
PPP-HI
PO4
NBP
NBS
NO3 -4.57
NH3
NUS
SO -1
SN2 -1.71
SH2 8
SO SN2 SH2
-0.50 0E+00
0.18 0E+00
-0.18 0E+00
0.18 0E+00
-0.50 0E+00
0.18 0E+00
-0.18 0E+00
0.18 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.0125 0E+00
0.05 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.05625 0E+00
-29.48 0E+00
0E+00
-0.56 0E+00
-0.24 0E+00
-0.56 0E+00
-0.24 0E+00
0.197730829421 0E+00
-0.55 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.1925 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.013875 0E+00
SO SN2 SH2
Pocess rate
(KS,H+SBSC)]*[SBSC/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/
(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)]*[SBSC/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/
[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
KS,H+SBSC)]*[SBSC/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/
A
+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
+SO)]*[SBSC/(KS,H+SBSC)]*[SBSC/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/
[KNA/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
(KS,H+SBSA)]*[SBSA/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/
(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)]*[SBSA/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/
[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
KS,H+SBSA)]*[SBSA/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/
A
+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZH
+SO)]*[SBSA/(KS,H+SBSA)]*[SBSA/(SBSC+SBSA)]*[NO3/
[KNA/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)*ZH
bH*ZH
HET
+SO)]*[(SENM/ZH)/(KX+(SENM/ZH))]*ZH
+SO)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[(SENM/ZH)/(KX+(SENM/ZH))]*ZH
SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*[(SENM/ZH)/(KX+(SENM/ZH))]*ZH
(r10+r11+r12)*NBP/SENM
KR*NBS*(ZH+ZP)
C
)]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*[KO,HET/
O,HET
+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*ZH
SO)]*[NH3/(KNH+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,GRO+PO4)]*ZA
bA*ZA
SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPHB/ZP))]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[PO4/
(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*ZP
SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPHB/ZP))]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/
A
+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*ZP
SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P2+(SPHB/ZP))]*[NH3/(KNA+NH3)]*[KLP,UPT/
PT
+PO4)]*[PPP,LO/(KXP+PPP,LO)]*ZP
SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P2+(SPHB/ZP))]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[KNA/
P,UPT
/(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*[PPP,LO/(KXP+PPP,LO)]*ZP
]*[(SPHB/ZP)/(KS,P1+(SPHB/ZP))]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[NH3/
A
+NH3)]*[PO4/(KLP,UPT+PO4)]*ZP
bP*[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*ZP
SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[PPP,LO/ZP]*ZP
[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[PPP,HI/ZP]*ZP
[SO/(KO,HET+SO)]*[SPHB/ZP]*ZP
ET
/(KO,HET+SO)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*ZP
,HET
+SO)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[PPP,LO/ZP]*ZP
O,HET
+SO)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[PPP,HI/ZP]*ZP
O,HET
+SO)]*[NO3/(KNO+NO3)]*[SPHB/ZP]*ZP
ET
/(KO,HET+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*ZP
,HET
+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*[PPP,LO/ZP]*ZP
O,HET
+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*[PPP,HI/ZP]*ZP
O,HET
+SO)]*[KNO/(KNO+NO3)]*[SPHB/ZP]*ZP
/(KO,HET+SO)]*[PPP,LO/(KXP+PPP,LO)]*ZP
KSSEQ+SBSA)]*[PPP,LO/(KXP+PPP,LO)]*ZP
Pocess rate
+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/
HO
+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
Hx
/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bionut+SPO4)]*XOHO
+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
O
OHO
/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
OHO
O
+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNHx/
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
Hx
+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
OHO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SF+SAc)]*[SNOx/
OHO
/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)*XOHO
bOHO*XOHO
O
+SO2)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/(KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
O
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/
KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[(XCB/XOHO)/
KXCB,hyd+(XCB/XOHO))]*XOHO
(r10+r11+r12)*XCB,N/XCB
qam*SB,N*(XOHO+XPAO)
SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*[KO2,OHO/
SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XOHO
)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XANO
bANO*XANO
)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PAO,Max+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[SNHx/
+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*XPAO
)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PAO,Max+(XPAO,PHA/XPAO))]*[SNOx/
OHO
/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*XPAO
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PAO,Max,Plim+
Hx,OHO
+SNHx)]*[KPO4,PAO,upt/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/
K(K +S+X
PP,PAO
O2,OHO O2 PAO,PP,Lo
)]*XPAO
)]*[(XPAO,PHA /XPAO)/(KS,PAO,Max,Plim+
NOx,OHO
+SNOx)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[KPO4,PAO,upt/
PO4
)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP,Lo)]*XPAO
HO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KS,PAO,Max+
Ox
/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*XPAO
PAO
*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*XPAO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/XPAO]*XPAO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PP,Hi/XPAO]*XPAO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
2
KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XPAO
+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/XPAO]*XPAO
+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP,Hi/XPAO]*XPAO
+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
O2,OHO
+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XPAO
O2
)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/XPAO]*XPAO
SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP,Hi/XPAO]*XPAO
SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
2,OHO
+SO2)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP,Lo)]*XPAO
c,PAO
+SAc)]*[XPAO,PP,Lo/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP,Lo)]*XPAO
Composition Matrix
N P
0.07 0.021
0.07 0.021
0.07 0.021
0.07 0.021
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
Parameters
* Hu, Z. R., M. C. Wentzel, et al. (2007). A general kinetic model for biological nutrient removal activated sludge
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 98(6): 1242-1258.
et al., 2010) and thus may not be consistent with the original model notation.
Dissolved oxygen
Enmeshed slowly biodegradable substrate
Adsorbed slowly biodegradable substrate

State Variables
State V Inorganic soluble phosphorus
Yield for XOHO growth (Aerobic)
Yield for XOHO growth (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA (Aerobic)
Yield for XPAO growth per XPAO,PHA (Anoxic)
Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized (Aerobic)
Yield for XPAO,PP storage (SPO4 uptake) per XPAO,PHA utilized (Anoxic)
Fraction of XU generated in XPAO decay

Stoichiometry

Stoichiome
N content of SF
N content of SU
N content of XU
N content of XB
N content of products from biomass

P content of SF
P content of SU
P content of XU
P content of XB
P content of products from biomass

Half saturation parameter for SPO4 as nutrient
Rate constant for XAds adsorption
Maximum growth rate of XOHO on XAds (hydrolysis + growth)

Maximum adsorption on XOHO (XAds/XOHO ratio)
Half saturation parameter for hydrolysis/growth on XAds

Kinetic
Maximum growth rate of XPAO (when P is limiting)

Saturation constant for XPAO,PHA/XPAO (P limit)

Half saturation parameter for PHA lysis (phosphorus continuity)
Saturation constant for XPAO,PP

Decay rate for XANO

s
nt removal activated sludge systems: Model development.
cording to the standardised notation rules (Corominas
Value
*
Standardise T=20°
Parameter** d notation unit C
SF SF g COD.m-3 1
SA SAc g COD.m-3 2
SI SU g COD.m-3 3
SO2 SO2 - g COD.m-3 4
XENM XCB g COD.m-3 5
XADS XAds g COD.m-3 6
XI XU,Inf g COD.m-3 7
XE XU,E g COD.m-3 8
SNH4 SNHx g N.m-3 9
SNO3 SNOx g N.m-3 10

SPO4 SPO4 g P.m-3 11
XNIT XANO g COD.m-3 13
YH1 YOHO,Ox g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.666 17
YH2 YOHO,Ax g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.54 18
fXE-H fXU_OHO,lys g XU.g XOHO-1 0.08 19
YPAO1 YPAO,Ox g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.666 20
YPAO2 YPAO,Ax g XPAO.g XPHA-1 0.54 21
YPP1 YPHA_PP,Ox g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.75 22
YPP2 YPHA_PP,Ax g XPP.g XPHA-1 0.61 23
YPO4 YPP_PHA,PAO -1
g XPP.g XPHA-1 or g XPO4.g SAc0.5 24
fXE-PAO fXU_PAO,lys g XU.g XPAO-1 0.25 25

fSI-PAO fSU_PAO,lys g XU.g XPAO-1 0.2 26
YNIT YANO g XAUT.g SNOx-1 0.15 27
fXE-NIT fXU_ANO,lys g XU.g XANO-1 0.08 28

iNSF iN_SF g N.g SF-1 0.011 29
iNSI iN_SU g N.g SU-1 0.035 30
iNXI iN_XU g N.g XU-1 0.068 31

iNENM iN_XCB g N.g XCB-1 0.05 32
iNBM iN_XBio g N.g XBio-1 0.068 33
iNXE iN_XUE g N.g XUE-1 0.068 34
iPSF iP_SF g P.g SF-1 0 35
iPSI iP_SU g P.g SU-1 0
iPXI iP_XU g P.g XU-1 0.021
iPENM iP_XCB g P.g XB-1 0
iPBM iP_XBio g P.g XBio-1 0.021
iPXE iP_XUE g P.g XUE-1 0.021
iNOx,N2 iNOx,N2 g COD.g N-1 2.857
iCOD_NOx iCOD_NOx g COD.g N-1 -4.571
iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.714
KPO4-gro KPO4,Bio,nut g SPO4.m-3 0.1
KADS qXCB_Ads g XAds.g XCB-1.d-1 0.17 1
μH μOHO,Max d-1 3,2 - 4,8 2
ηH nμOHO,Ax - 0 - 0,6 3
KMP μAds_OHO,Max d-1 1.35 4

fMA fAds_OHO,Max g XAds.g XOHO-1 1 5
KFE qSF_Ac,Max g SF.g XOHO-1.d-1 0.04 6
KF KSF,OHO g SF.m-3 5 7
KA KAc,OHO g SAc.m-3 5 8
KSP KAds_OHO g XAds.g XOHO-1 0.027 9
bH mOHO d-1 0.62 10
KOH KO2,OHO g SO2.m-3 0.002 11
KNO3 KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.2 12
KNH4 KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.01 13
qPHA qPAO,Ac_PHA g XPHA.g XPAO-1.d-1 6 14
µPAO1 μPAO,Max d-1 1.2 15
µPAO2 μPAO,Max,Plim d-1 0.42 16
ηPAO nμPAO - 0.35 17
KPHA1 KfPHA_PAO g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.18 18

KPHA2 KfPHA_PAO,Plim g XPHA.g XPAO-1 0.18 19
bPAO mPAO d-1 0.04 20
bPP bPP_PO4 d-1 0.03 21
KAC KAc,PAO g SAc.m-3 1 22
KOH KO2,PAO g SO2.m-3 0.002 23
KNO3 KNOx,PAO g SNOx.m-3 0.2 24
KNH4 KNHx,PAO g SNHx.m-3 0.01 25

KPO4-up KPO4,PAO,upt g SPO4.m-3 0.25 26
KPO4-lys KPO4,PAO,lys g SPO4.m-3 0.1 27
KPP KPP,PAO g XPP.m-3 1 28

μNIT μANO,Max d-1 0,2 - 1,2 29
bNIT bANO d-1 0.04 30
KON KO2,ANO g SO2.m-3 0.002 31

KNH4 KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m -3
1 32
33
34
35
j
1
3
2
4
5
7
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
j
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Original publication Hu, Z. R., M. C. Wentzel, et al.
Corrections
SO2 SA
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNH4 -(1-YH1)/YH1 -1/YH1

-(1-YH1)/YH1-
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNO3 -1/YH1
iCOD_NOx*iNBM
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNH4 -1/YH2
-
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNO3 1/YH2+iCOD_NO
*i
x NBM
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNH4 -(1-YH1)/YH1

-(1-YH1)/YH1-
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNO3
iCOD_NOx*iNBM
Anoxic growth of XH on SF with SNH4
Anoxic growth of XH on SF with SNO3
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNH4 -(1-YH1)/YH1

-(1-YH1)/YH1-
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNO3
iCOD_NOx*iNBM
Anoxic growth of XH on XADS with SNH4
Anoxic growth of XH on XADS with SNO3
Adsorption of XENM
heterotrophic decay
Conversion of SF to SA 1
growth of XNIT -(-iCOD_NOx-YNIT)/YNIT
decay of XNIT
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4 -(1-YPAO1)/YPAO1

-(1-YPAO1)/YPAO1-
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3
iCOD_NOx*iNBM
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4 / SPO4 limited -(1-YPAO1)/YPAO1
-(1-YPAO1)/YPAO1-
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3 / SPO4 limited
iCOD_NOx*iNBM
Anoxic growth of XPAO on SPHA with SNH4
Anoxic growth of XPAO on SPHA with SN03
Aerobic decay of XPAO -(1-fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO)
XPP lysis on aerobic decay

XPHA lysis on aerobic decay
Anoxic decay of XPAO
XPP lysis on anoxic decay

XPHA lysis on anoxic decay
Anaerobic decay of XPAO
XPP lysis on anaerobic decay

XPHA lysis on anaerobic decay
Cleavage of XPP for anoxic maintenance
Cleavage of XPP for anaerobic maintenance
Sequestration of SA by XPAO -1
COD -1 1
N
P
SO2 SAc
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNHx -(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox -1/YOHO,Ox
-(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox-
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SAx with SNOx -1/YOHO,Ox
iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNHx -1/YOHO,Ax
-
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SAc with SNOx 1/YOHO,Ax+iCO
*i
D_NOx N_XBio
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SF with SNHx -(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox
Aerobic growth of XOHO on SF with SNOx
iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SF with SNHx
Anoxic growth of XOHO on SF with SNOx
Aerobic growth of XOHO on XAds with SNHx -(1-YOHO,Ox)/YOHO,Ox
Aerobic growth of XOHO on XAds with SNOx
iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio
Anoxic growth of XOHO on XAds with SNHx
Anoxic growth of XOHO on XAds with SNOx
Adsorption of XCB
heterotrophic decay
Conversion of SF to Sac 1
growth of XANO -(-iCOD_NOx-YANO)/YANO
decay of XANO
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPAO,PHA with SNHx -(1-YPAO,Ox)/YPAO,Ox

-(1-YPAO,Ox)/YPAO,Ox-
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPAO,PHA with SNOx
iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPAO,PHA with SNHx / SPO4 limited -(1-YPAO,Ox)/YPAO,Ox
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPAO,PHA with SNOx / SPO4 -(1-YPAO,Ox)/YPAO,Ox-

limited iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio
Anoxic growth of XPAO on SPAO,PHA with SNHx
Anoxic growth of XPAO on SPAO,PHA with SN03
Aerobic decay of XPAO -(1-fXU_PAO,lys-fSU_PAO,lys)
XPAO,PP lysis on aerobic decay

XPAO,PHA lysis on aerobic decay
XPAO,PP lysis on anoxic decay

XPAO,PHA lysis on anoxic decay
XPAO,PP lysis on anaerobic decay

XPAO,PHA lysis on anaerobic decay
Cleavage of XPAO,PP for anoxic maintenance
Cleavage of XPAO,PP for anaerobic maintenance
Sequestration of SAc by XPAO -1
COD -1 1
SO2 SA
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNH4 -0.50 -1.50
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNO3 -0.19 -1.50
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNH4 -1.85
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNO3 -2.16
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNH4 -0.50
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNO3 -0.19
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNH4 -0.50
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNO3 -0.19
Adsorption of XENM
heterotrophic decay
Conversion of SF to SA 1
growth of XNIT -29.48
decay of XNIT
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4 -0.50
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3 -0.19
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4 / SPO4 limited -0.50
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3 / SPO4 limited -0.19
Aerobic decay of XPAO -0.55
Cleavage of polYpao for anoxic maintenance
Cleavage of polYpao for anaerobic maintenance
Sequestration of SA by XPAO -1
SO2 SA
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNH4
Aerobic growth of XH on SA with SNO3
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNH4
Anoxic growth of XH on SA with SNO3
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNH4
Aerobic growth of XH on SF with SNO3
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNH4
Aerobic growth of XH on XADS with SNO3
Adsorption of XENM
heterotrophic decay
Conversion of SF to SA
growth of XNIT
decay of XNIT
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNH4 / SPO4 limited
Aerobic growth of XPAO on XPHA with SNO3 / SPO4 limited
Aerobic decay of XPAO
Cleavage of polYpao for anoxic maintenance
Cleavage of polYpao for anaerobic maintenance
Sequestration of SA by XPAO
UCTPHO+
, Z. R., M. C. Wentzel, et al. (2007). A general kinetic model for biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems: Model de
Corrected Matri
SF SNH4 SNO3 SPO4
-iNBM -iPBM
-iNBM -iPBM
-iNBM -(1-YH2)/(iNOx,N2*YH2) -iPBM
-iNBM-(1-YH2)/
-iPBM
(iNOx,N2*YH2)
-1/YH1 -iNBM+iNSF/YH1 -iPBM+iPSF/YH1
-1/YH1 iNSF/YH1 -iNBM -iPBM+iPSF/YH1
-1/YH2 -iNBM+iNSF/YH2 -(1-YH2)/(iNOx,N2*YH2) -iPBM+iPSF/YH2
-
-iNBM-(1-YH2)/
1/YH2+iCOD_NO iNSF/YH2-iCOD_NOx*iNBM*iNSF -iPBM+iPSF/YH2-iCOD_NOx*iNBM*iPSF
(iNOx,N2*YH2)
*i
x NBM
-iNBM+iNENM/YH1 -iPBM+iPENM/YH1
iNENM/YH1 -iNBM -iPBM+iPENM/YH1

-iNBM+iNENM/YH2 -(1-YH2)/(iNOx,N2*YH2) -iPBM+iPENM*YH2
-iNBM-(1-YH2)/ -iPBM+iPENM/YH2-
iNENM/YH2-iCOD_NOx*iNBM*iNENM
(iNOx,N2*YH2) iCOD_NOx*iNBM*iPENM
iNBM-(1-fXE,H)*iNBM-fXE,H*iNXE iPBM-fXE,H*iPXE-(1-fXE,H)*iPENM
-1 iNSF iPSF
-iNBM-1/YNIT 1/YNIT -iPBM
iNBM-(1-fXE,NIT)*iNENM-fXE,NIT*iNXE iPBM-fXE,NIT*iPXE-(1-fXE,NIT)*iPENM
-iNBM -YPP1/YPAO1-iPBM
-iNBM
-iNBM
-(1-YPAO2)/
(iNOx,N2*YPAO2)
-(1-YPAO2)/
-YPP2/YPAO2-iPBM
(iNOx,N2*YPAO2)-iNBM
iNBM-fXE,PAO*iNXE-fSI,PAO*iNSI iPBM-fXE,PAO*iPXE-fSI,PAO*iPSI
1
-iNENM -iPENM
iNBM-fXE,PAO*iNXE-fSI,PAO*iNSI- -ηPAO*(1-fXE,PAO- iPBM-fXE,PAO*iPXE-fSI,PAO*iPSI-(1-

iNENM*(1-ηPAO)*(1-fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO) fSI,PAO)/iNOx,N2 ηPAO)*(1-fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO)*iPENM
1
-iNENM -iPENM
iNBM-fXE,PAO*iNXE-fSI,PAO*iNSI- iPBM-fXE,PAO*iPXE-fSI,PAO*iPSI-(1-
iNENM*(1-fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO) fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO)*iPENM
1
-iNENM -iPENM
1
1
YPO4
Composition Matrix
1 iCOD_NOx
iNSF 1 1
iPSF 1
Corrected Matrix:
SF SNHx SNOx SPO4
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-iN_XBio -iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-iN_XBio-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-1/YOHO,Ox -iN_XBio+iN_SF/YOHO,Ox -iP_XBio+iP_SF/YOHO,Ox
-1/YOHO,Ox iN_SF/YOHO,Ox -iN_XBio -iP_XBio+iP_SF/YOHO,Ox
-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-1/YOHO,Ax -iN_XBio+iN_SF/YOHO,Ax -iP_XBio+iP_SF/YOHO,Ax
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
-
-iN_XBio-(1-YOHO,Ax)/ -iP_XBio+iP_SF/YOHO,Ax-
1/YOHO,Ax+iCO iN_SF/YOHO,Ax-iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio*iN_SF
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio*iP_SF
*i
D_NOx N_XBio
-iN_XBio+iN_XCB/YOHO,Ox -iP_XBio+iP_XCB/YOHO,Ox
iN_XCB/YOHO,Ox -iN_XBio -iP_XBio+iP_XCB/YOHO,Ox
-(1-YOHO,Ax)/
-iN_XBio+iN_XCB/YOHO,Ax -iP_XBio+iP_XCB*YOHO,Ax
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax)
iN_XCB/YOHO,Ax- -iN_XBio-(1-YOHO,Ax)/ -iP_XBio+iP_XCB/YOHO,Ax-

iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio*iN_XCB (iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) iCOD_NOx*iN_XBio*iP_XCB
iN_XBio-(1-fXU_OHO,lys)*iN_XBio- iP_XBio-fXU_OHO,lys*iP_XUE-(1-
fXU_OHO,lys*iN_XUE fXU_OHO,lys)*iP_XCB
-1 iN_SF iP_SF
-iN_XBio-1/YANO 1/YANO -iP_XBio
iN_XBio-(1-fXU_ANO,lys)*iN_XCB- iP_XBio-fXU_ANO,lys*iP_XUE-(1-
fXU_ANO,lys*iN_XUE fXU_ANO,lys)*iP_XCB
-iN_XBio -YPHA_PP,Ox/YPAO,Ox-iP_XBio
-iN_XBio -YPHA_PP,Ox/YPAO,Ox-iP_XBio
-iN_XBio
-iN_XBio
-(1-YPAO,Ax)/
-iN_XBio -YPHA_PP,Ax/YPAO,Ax-iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YPAO,Ax)
-(1-YPAO,Ax)/
-YPHA_PP,Ax/YPAO,Ax-iP_XBio
(iNOx,N2*YPAO,Ax)-iN_XBio
iN_XBio-fXU_PAO,lys*iN_XUE- iP_XBio-fXU_PAO,lys*iP_XUE-
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU fSU_PAO,lys*iP_SU
1
-iN_XCB -iP_XCB
-ημPAO*(1-fXU_PAO,lys-
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU-iN_XCB*(1- fSU_PAO,lys*iP_SU-(1-ημPAO)*(1-
ημPAO)*(1-fXU_PAO,lys-fSU_PAO,lys) fXU_PAO,lys-fSU_PAO,lys)*iP_XCB
1
-iN_XCB -iP_XCB
fSU_PAO,lys*iN_SU-iN_XCB*(1- fSU_PAO,lys*iP_SU-(1-fXU_PAO,lys-
fXU_PAO,lys-fSU_PAO,lys) fSU_PAO,lys)*iP_XCB
1
-iN_XCB -iP_XCB
1
1
YPP_PHA,PAO
Composition Matrix
1 iCOD_NOx
iN_SF 1 1
iP_SF 1
SF SNH4 SNO3 SPO4

-0.068 -0.021
-0.068 -0.021
-0.068 -0.30 -0.021
-0.37 -0.021
-1.50 -0.051483483483484 -0.021
-1.50 0.016516516516517 -0.068 -0.021
-1.85 -0.04762962962963 -0.30 -0.021
-2.16 0.023789798941799 -0.37 -0.021
0.007075075075075 -0.021
0.075075075075075 -0.068 -0.021
0.024592592592593 -0.30 -0.021
0.10813544973545 -0.37 -0.021
0.01656 0.02
-1 0.011 0
-6.73 6.67 -0.021
0.02 0.01932
-0.068 -1.15
-0.068 -1.15
-0.068
-0.068
-0.068 -0.30 -1.15
-0.37 -1.15
0.044 0.02
1
-0.05 0
0.026125 -0.067375 0.01575
1
-0.05 0
0.0165 0.01575
1
-0.05 0
1
1
0.5
Kinetic ch
Component Function
Consumed component (every state variable with a negative sign)
SF SNH4 SNO3 SPO4

ludge systems: Model development. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 98(6): 1242-1258.
th
ected Matrix: Original Notation
SI XE XI XADS XENM XH XPAO XPP
-1/YH1 1
-1/YH1 1
-1/YH2 1
-
1/YH2+iCOD_NOx*i 1
NBM
1 -1
fXE,H 1-fXE,H -1
fXE,NIT 1-fXE,NIT
1 YPP1/YPAO1
1 YPP1/YPAO1
1 -iPBM
1 -iPBM
1 YPP2/YPAO2
1 YPP2/YPAO2
fSI,PAO fXE,PAO -1
-1
1
(1-ηPAO)*(1-
fSI,PAO fXE,PAO -1
fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO)
-1
1
fSI,PAO fXE,PAO 1-fXE,PAO-fSI,PAO -1
-1
1
-1
-1
-YPO4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
iNSI iNXE iNXI iNENM iNENM iNBM iNBM

iPSI iPXE iPXI iPENM iPENM iPBM iPBM 1
ted Matrix: Standardised Notation
SU XU,E XU,Inf XAds XCB XOHO XPAO XPAO,PP
1
1
-1/YOHO,Ox 1
-1/YOHO,Ox 1
-1/YOHO,Ax 1
-
1/YOHO,Ax+iCOD_N 1
*i
Ox N_XBio
1 -1
fXU_OHO,lys 1-fXU_OHO,lys -1
fXU_ANO,lys 1-fXU_ANO,lys
1 YPHA_PP,Ox/YPAO,Ox
1 YPHA_PP,Ox/YPAO,Ox
1 -iP_XBio
1 -iP_XBio
1 YPHA_PP,Ax/YPAO,Ax
1 YPHA_PP,Ax/YPAO,Ax
fSU_PAO,lys fXU_PAO,lys -1
-1
1
(1-ημPAO)*(1-
fSU_PAO,lys fXU_PAO,lys fXU_PAO,lys- -1
fSU_PAO,lys)
-1
1
1-fXU_PAO,lys-
fSU_PAO,lys fXU_PAO,lys -1
fSU_PAO,lys
-1
1
-1
-1
-YPP_PHA,PAO
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
iN_XBi iN_XBi
iN_SU iN_XUE iN_XU iN_XCB iN_XCB
o o
iP_XBi iP_XBi
iP_SU iP_XUE iP_XU iP_XCB iP_XCB 1
o o
Continuity check
SI XE XI Xads XENM XH XPAO XPP

1
-1.50 1
-1.50 1
-1.85 1
-2.16 1
1 -1.00
0.08 0.92 -1
0.08 0.92
1 1.13
1 1.13
1 -0.021
1 -0.021
1 1.13
1 1.13
0.2 0.25 -1
-1
1
0.2 0.25 0.3575 -1
-1
1
0.2 0.25 0.55 -1
-1
1
-1
-1
-0.5

SI XE XI Xads XENM XH XPAO XPP

XPHA XNIT SN2 Pocess rate
μH*[SA/(KA+SA)]*[SA/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH
μH*[SA/(KA+SA)]*[SA/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH
(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*X
μH*[SA/(KA+SA)]*[SA/(SA+SF+XADS)]
(1-YH2)/(iNOx,N2*YH2)
(KNO3+SNO3)]*[S
μH*[SA/(KA+SA)]*[SA/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH
μH*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH
μH*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH
μH*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SA+SF+XADS)]
(KNO3+SNO3)]*[S
μH*[SF/(KF+SF)]*[SF/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH
KMP*[(XADS/XH)/(KSP+(XADS/XH))]*[XADS/(SA+S
(KPO4,gro
KMP*[(XADS/XH)/(KSP+(XADS/XH))]*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+S
ηH*KMP*[(XADS/XH)/(KSP+(XADS/XH))]*
(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/(KNO3
ηH*KMP*[(XADS/XH)/(KSP+(XADS/XH))]*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[
(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+
KADS*XENM
bH*XH
KFE*SF*[KOH/(KOH+S
1 μNIT*[SO2/(KON+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KPO4
-1 bNIT*XNIT
μPAO1*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA1+(XHA/XPAO
-1/YPAO1
(KPO4,up
μPAO1*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA1+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KN
-1/YPAO1
(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*XPA
μPAO2*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA2+(XHA/XPAO)]*[
-1/YPAO1
(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*
μPAO2*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA2+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KN
-1/YPAO1
(KNO3+SNO3)]*[KPO4,up/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*[XPP/(KPP+
(1-YPAO2)/ ηPAO*μPAO1*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA1+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[
-1/YPAO2
(iNOx,N2*YPAO2) (KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*XPA
-
(1-YPAO2)/ ηPAO*μPAO1*[(XPHA/XPAO)/(KPHA1+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[
1/YPAO2+iCOD_N
(iNOx,N2*YPAO2) (KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*XPA
*i
Ox NBM
bPAO*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*XPAO
bPAO*[SO2/(KOH
-1 bPAO*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+S
ηPAO*(1-fXE,PAO-
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*
fSI,PAO)/iNOx,N2
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[S
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNO3/(K
-1
(KPO4,lys+SPO4
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[K
bPAO*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNO3/(K
-1
(KPO4,lys+SPO4
bPP*(1-ηPAO)*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[S
bPP*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNO3
1 qPHA*[SA/(KAC+SA)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XP
1 1 iCOD_N2
iNBM 1
iPBM
XPAO,PHA XANO SN2 Pocess rate
μOHO,Max*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds
(KPO4,Bio,nut
μOHO,Max*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,B
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,B
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*[SAc/(KAc,OHO+SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(K
μOHO,Max*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds
(KPO4,Bio,nut
μOHO,Max*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,B
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(K
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ μOHO,Max*[SF/(KSF,OHO+SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO
μAds_OHO,Max*[(XAds/XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO
(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[S
μAds_OHO,Max*[(XAds/XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds/(S
(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ nμOHO,Ax*μAds_OHO,Max*[(XAds/XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[S
(1-YOHO,Ax)/ nμOHO,Ax*μAds_OHO,Max*[(XAds/XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds
(iNOx,N2*YOHO,Ax) (KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[
qXCB_Ads*XCB*[(fAds_OHO,Max
mOHO*XOHO
qSF_Ac,Max*SF*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+
1 μANO,Max*[SO2/(KO2,ANO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(K
-1 bANO*XANO
μPAO,MAX*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)
-1/YPAO,Ox
μPAO,MAX*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2
-1/YPAO,Ox
(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PA
μPAO,MAX,Plim*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO,Plim
-1/YPAO,Ox
(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[KPO4,PAO,upt/(KPO4,PAO,upt
μPAO,MAX,Plim*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO,Plim+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(
-1/YPAO,Ox (KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[KPO4,PAO,upt/(KPO4,P
(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
(1-YPAO,Ax)/ nμPAO*μPAO,MAX*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KO2,P
-1/YPAO,Ax
(iNOx,N2*YPAO,Ax) (KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PA
-
(1-YPAO,Ax)/ nμPAO*μPAO,MAX*[(XPAO,PHA/XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KO2,PAO
1/YPAO,Ax+iCOD_
(iNOx,N2*YPAO,Ax) (KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PA
*i
NOx N_XBio
mPAO*[SO2/(KO2,PAO
-1 mPAO*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+S
ημPAO*(1-fXU_PAO,lys-
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+S
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[S
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(
-1
(KPO4,PAO,lys+SPO4
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO
mPAO*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO
-1
(KPO4,PAO,lys+SPO4
bPP_PO4*(1-nμPAO)*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO +SO2)]*[S
bPP_PO4*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(
1 qPAO,Ac_PHA*[SAc/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+X
1 1 iCOD_N2
iN_XBio 1
iP_XBio
Composition matrix
COD
SO2 -1
SA 1
SF 1
SNH4
SNO3 -4.57142857142857
SPO4
SI 1
XE 1
XI 1
Xads 1
XENM 1
XH 1
XPAO 1
XPP
XPHA 1
XNIT 1
SN2 -1.71428571428571
XPHA XNIT SN2
0E+00
0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0.298148148148148 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
1 0E+00
-1 0E+00
-1.50 0E+00
-1.50 0E+00
-1.50 0E+00
-1.50 0E+00
-1.85 0.30 0E+00
-2.16 0.30 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
-1 0E+00
0.067375 0E+00
0E+00
-1 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
-1 0E+00
0E+00
0E+00
1 0E+00
XPHA XNIT SN2

Pocess rate
DS
)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
A
+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
O3
+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
A
O3
+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
A
O3
S
)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
A
O3
+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
A
O3
+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
A
O3
*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
O3
(XADS/XH))]*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/
*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
(XADS/XH))]*[XADS/(SA+SF+XADS)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/
*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XH
KADS*XENM*[(fMA-XADS)/XH]*XH
bH*XH
[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*XH
O2
)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,gro+SPO4)]*XNIT
bNIT*XNIT
1
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*XPAO
1
+(X HA
/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
O3
+SNO3)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*XPAO
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[KPO4,up/
PO4,up
+SPO4)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
2
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
*[KPO4,up/(KPO4,up+SPO4)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
HA1
O3
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SNO3/
HA1
O3
bPAO*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*XPAO
AO
*[SO2/(KOH+SO2)]*[XPP/XPAO]*XPAO
SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,lys+SPO4)]*[XPHA/XPAO]*XPAO
KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*XPAO
OH
+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[XPP/XPAO]*XPAO
O2
)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,lys+SPO4)]*[XPHA/XPAO]*XAO
KOH/(KOH+SO2)]*[KNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*XPAO
OH
+SO2)]*[KNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[XPP/XPAO]*XPAO
O2
)]*[K NO3
/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[SNH4/(KNH4+SNH4)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,lys+SPO4)]*[XPHA/XPAO]*XPAO
KOH+SO2)]*[SNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
+SO2)]*[KNO3/(KNO3+SNO3)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
*[SA/(KAC+SA)]*[XPP/(KPP+XPP)]*XPAO
Pocess rate
(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/
SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
SAc)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/
c
)]*[SAc/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/
SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,OHO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/
SF)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/
)]*[SF/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNHx,OHO/
O
+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[SNHx/
HO
O
)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[SO2/
HO
+SNHx)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XOHO
XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/
O
XOHO)/(KAds_OHO+(XAds/XOHO))]*[XAds/(SAc+SF+XAds)]*[KO2,OHO/
HO
ds
*XCB*[(fAds_OHO,Max-XAds)/XOHO]*XOHO
mOHO*XOHO
HO
/(KO2,OHO+SO2)]*[KNOx,OHO/(KNOx,OHO+SNOx)]*XOHO
O2
)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,ANO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,Bio,nut+SPO4)]*XANO
bANO*XANO
AO
+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
O
)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNHx,PAO/
NOx
/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*XPAO
AO
)/(KfPHA_PAO,Plim+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/
AO,upt
/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
O
)/(KfPHA_PAO,Plim+(XHA/XPAO)]*[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNHx,PAO/
KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[KPO4,PAO,upt/(KPO4,PAO,upt+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PP/
(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
XPAO)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNHx/
NOx
AO
)/(KfPHA_PAO+(XHA/XPAO)]*[KO2,PAO/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNHx,PAO/
NOx
[SO2/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[XPAO,PP/XPAO]*XAO
/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/(KPO4,PAO,lys+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
O
/(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*XPAO
AO
+SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/XPAO]*XPAO
SO2)]*[SNOx/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
O4,PAO,lys
+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
(KO2,PAO+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*XPAO
O
+SO2)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/XPAO]*XPAO
2
)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[SNHx/(KNHx,PAO+SNHx)]*[SPO4/
O4,PAO,lys
+SPO4)]*[XPAO,PHA/XPAO]*XPAO
AO
+S O2
)]*[S NOx
/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
)]*[KNOx,PAO/(KNOx,PAO+SNOx)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
/(KAc,PAO+SAc)]*[XPAO,PP/(KPP,PAO+XPAO,PP)]*XPAO
Composition matrix
N P
0.011 0
1
1
1
0.035 0
0.068 0.021
0.068 0.021
0.05 0
0.05 0
0.068 0.021
0.068 0.021
1
0.068 0.021
1
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
4E-16 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00
0E+00 0E+00

Systematic approach for verifying published Activated Sludge Models

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Systematic approach for verifying published Activated Sludge Models

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A systematic approach for model verification:

application on seven published Activated Sludge Models

H. Hauduca,b, L. Riegerb,c, I. Takácsd, A. Héduita, P.A. Vanrolleghemb and S. Gillota*

* Corresponding author (E-mail: Sylvie.gillot@cemagref.fr)

Soluble biodegradable organics

Soluble undegradable organics

Particulate biodegradable organics

Particulate undegradable endogenous products

Ammonia (NH4 + NH3)

Particulate biodegradable organic N

N content of products from biomass

Conversion factor for NO3 reduction to N2

Conversion factor for NO3 in COD

Conversion factor for N2 in COD

Conversion factor for NHx in charge

Conversion factor for NO3 in charge

Maximum specific hydrolysis rate

Saturation coefficient for XB/XOHO

Correction factor for hydrolysis under anoxic conditions

Decay rate for XOHO

Half saturation parameter for SNOx

Half saturation parameter for NH4*

Decay rate for XANO

Rate constant for ammonification

*same KNH,H value as ASM2d has been chosen

tivated Sludge Model No. 1, IWA Publishing, Scientific and Corrections

according to the standardised notation rules (Corominas et

SO SO2 Aerobic growth of

XS XCB g COD.m-3 4 Decay of heterotrophs

XP XU,E Ammonification of soluble

SNH SNHx Hydrolysis of entrapped

SNO SNOx Hydrolysis of entrapped

SND SB,N g N.m-3 COD

YH YOHO g XOHO.g XCB-1 0.67

YA YANO g XAUT.g SNO3-1 0.24

iXP iN_XUE Aerobic growth of

iNOx,N2 iNOx,N2 Anoxic growth of

iCOD_NOx iCOD_NOx Aerobic growth of

iCOD_N2 iCOD_N2 g COD.g N-1 -1.714286 4 Decay of heterotrophs

iCharge_NHx iCharge_NHx Charge.g N-1 0.071 5 Decay of autotrophs

iCharge_NOx iCharge_NOx Ammonification of soluble

kh qXCB_SB,hyd Hydrolysis of entrapped

KX KXCB,hyd Hydrolysis of entrapped

KNO KNOx,OHO g SNOx.m-3 0.5

KNH,H KNHx,OHO g SNHx.m-3 0.05

KNH KNHx,ANO g SNHx.m-3 1

* Missing kinetic terms that have not been corre

ections added term corrected term term to be careful with

-1/YOHO 1 -(1-YOHO )/YOHO

S_I S_S X_I X_S X_B.H X_B.A X_P S_O

Corrected Matrix: Original Notation

-(1-YOHO -(1-YOHO )/(iNOx,N2*YOHO )

-0.17 -0.09 0.006

4.17 -4.25 -0.60

Kinetic checking matrix

S_NO S_NH S_ND X_ND S_ALK

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

Fermentable organic matter