 OTEC (Oceanic Thermal Energy Conversion)

o It uses the temperature difference between the surface of the ocean and the depths
of about 1000m to produce electric energy.
o Some of the best sites for the OTEC are situated along the coastline of Tamil
Nadu, Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar islands.
 Wave Energy –produce from the interaction of wind with the surface of the sea.
o First wave energy project with the capacity of 150 mw is set up at Vizhinjam near
Trivandrum in Kerala.
o OEC (Ocean Engineering Centre) plans to establish 5 similar plants in Kerala and
one in Andaman and Nicobar islands.
o India’s vast coastline of 7500 km has a capacity of producing 40,000 MW electric
energy.
 Tidal Energy-
o A major Tidal Wave power project is proposed to be set up in Hanthal Creek in
the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat. 8000 MW power can be produced in the Gulf of
Cambay and Gulf of Kutch only.
 Biomass
o Biomass does not add Carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorb the same
amount of carbon in growing as it released when consumed as a fuel.
o Over 300 biomass power and cogeneration projects aggregating 3700 MW have
been installed in the country. And also 30 biomass power projects aggregating
about 350 MW are under the process of implementation.
o Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil
Nadu are the leading participating states in the biomass power projects.
o Government plans to meet 20% of the countries diesel reuirements by 2022using
biodiesel.
o Potential source of biodiesel are wild plants such as Jatropha curcas, Neem,
Mahua, Karanj, Simarouba (exotic tree) etc.

 Waste to Energy- This has the capacity to transform waste from landfills
and generate clean power without the emission of green house gas.
  Estimated potential – 225 MW from sewage and about 1460 MW from
Municipal Solid Waste.

 REN21
o This is a global renewable energy policy multi stakeholder network
o That connects many players – Governments, International organization, Industry
Associations, Science and Academia as well as civil society.
o REN21 promotes renewable energy to meet the needs of both industrialized and
developing countries.
 Protected Areas
o Enactment of the wildlife (protection) Act 1972 lead to significant growth in the
protected areas.
o Wild Life Sanctuary (WLS) and National Park –some areas are declared as WLS and NP
by declared by State Government under the Wild life (Protection) Act 1972.
o The difference between two- WLS can be created for a particular species while NP is not
primarily focused on a particular species.
o Some activities that are regulated in the sanctuaries such as grazing of livestock are
prohibited in National Parks.
o Conservation Reserve – A new type of protected area established under the Amendment
to the Wild Life Protection Act 2003.
o Tiruppadaimarathur conservation reserve in Tiruneveli, Tamil Nadu is the first
conservation reserve established in the country. It is an effort of the village community to
protect the birds nesting in their village and acted for declaration of conservation reserve.
o Amendment in Wild Life Protection Act 2003 also proposed for the creation of a new
type of protected area called community reserve.