PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayambang Campus
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL – HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Bayambang, Pangasinan

PRACTICE DATE OF
TEACHER IMPLEMENTATION
COOPERATING
COURSE
TEACHER

SCHOOL CLASS

I. OBJECTIVES

CONTENT The learners demonstrate an understanding of the formation of typhoons and their
STANDARDS movement within the PAR.
The learners shall be able to demonstrate precautionary measures before, during,
PERFORMANCE
and after a typhoon, including following advisories, storm signals, and calls for
STANDARDS
evacuation given by government agencies in charge
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
 identify places in the Philippines that are frequently affected by typhoons;
 explain how landforms and bodies of water affect typhoons; and
SPECIFIC
 trace the path of typhoons that enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility
LEARNING
(PAR) using a map and tracking data; and
OBJECTIVES
 understand the PAGASA tropical cyclone warning signals and
precautionary measures.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Content

Understanding Typhoons:
Geographical Locations of Typhoons in the Philippines,
PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility),
How do Landforms and Bodies of Water Affect Typhoons and
Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals

B. Concepts

Concepts Description of the Concepts

The only difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon is the location
Typhoon, where the storm occurs.
Hurricane and Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather phenomenon; we just
Cyclone use different names for these storms in different places. In the Atlantic and
Northeast Pacific, the term “hurricane” is used. The same type of disturbance in
 the Northwest Pacific is called a “typhoon” and “cyclones” occur in the South
Pacific and Indian Ocean.

Philippines is located near the equator. This is why the country has a tropical
climate. The seasons are divided into two: the dry season and the wet season. The
dry season is from December to May, while the wet season begins in June and last
until November. However, these seasons may occur at different times depending
on the changes in the environment. Moreover, the Philippines is in the path of
storms that originate from the regions of the Marianas and the Caroline Islands in
the Pacific Ocean. Because of this, typhoons are frequent in the Luzon and
Visayas islands. However, as Mindanao is located outside of the typhoon belt,
typhoons are rare in these islands. There are an estimated 19 typhoons that pass
through the country in each year.
There is hardly any difference in temperatures across the country from Batanes to
Geographical
Jolo. The temperatures in Northern Luzon go down during the month of January
Locations of
and go up around the month of May. In Sulu, the hottest month is August. The
Typhoons in the
temperature in Cebu reaches 26.3 degrees Celsius in the month of February and
Philippines
reaches an average high of 29.37 degrees Celsius in May. Baguio has the coolest
climate as it is located in the highlands.

Based on temperatures and periods of rainfall, our climate has three seasons:

Hot and dry - March to May

Hot with rainfall - June to November
Cold and dry - December to February

The month of February is the coolest month, while the months of March and April
are the hottest.
The Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is an area of the Earth’s surface
enclosing the Philippines, Palau, Taiwan, and the northern tip of Borneo. The
Philippines monitors the formation, arrival, movement, and track of tropical
Philippine Area of cyclones (Typhoons in the Philippines) within the PAR.
Responsibility
(PAR) The PAR is bounded by the following coordinates:

25°N 120°E, 25°N 135°E, 5°N 135°E, 5°N 115°E, 15°N 115°E, 21°N 120°E and
back to the beginning.
Landforms and bodies of water affect typhoons depending on the energy they
release. Ocean as a large body of water helps the typhoon to grow bigger and be
How Landforms
stronger as it gives off more warm, moist air. However, as the typhoon takes a
and Bodies of
landfall, it dramatically weakens as the source of warm moist air cuts off, and
Water Affect
whenever adequate supply of water vapor drops off, condensation and the release
Typhoons
of latent heat diminish, resulting to low energy profile of the surface and lessens
the intensity of the typhoon.
Landfall Landfall is the event of a storm moving over land after being over water
Tropical Cyclone TCWS No. 1: The first signal indicates that the area affected should expect
Warning Signal intermittent rains within at least 36 hours. Winds of 30 kph to 60 kph should be
expected, although it is unlikely that they will cause significant damage. As a
precaution, classes in all public and private pre-schools are automatically
suspended.
TCWS No. 2: The second warning signal is raised in areas that will experience
winds of 60 kph to 100 kph within at least 24 hours. Light to moderate damage is
expected. Some trees may be uprooted and roofs blown away. People traveling by
air and sea are cautioned, and disaster preparedness agencies should be alerting
their respective communities. Classes from pre-school to high school are
suspended.

TCWS No. 3: When the third warning signal is raised, people are advised to seek
shelter inside strong buildings, evacuate low-lying areas, and stay away from
coasts and riverbanks as moderate to heavy damage is expected. Winds of 100
kph to 185 kph are expected within at least 18 hours. The winds could topple trees
and destroy crops and houses made of light materials. Widespread disruption of
electrical power and communication services is also expected. Classes at all levels
are automatically suspended.

TCWS No. 4: The fourth storm warning signal indicates that a very intense
typhoon with winds of more than 185 kph may be expected within at least 12
hours. The typhoon is potentially very destructive. Large trees are expected to be
uprooted and residential and institutional buildings could be severely damaged.
Travels and outdoor activities should be cancelled.

TCWS No. 5: This recently added storm warning signal is raised when a super
typhoon will affect an area. Very powerful winds of more than 220 kph may be
expected in at least 12 hours. This typhoon is "extremely destructive or
catastrophic" to the community as almost total damage to structures is expected.
Most residential and institutional buildings may be severely damaged, and only a
few crops and trees will be left standing. Evacuation to safer shelters should be
completed early as it may already be too late if it hasn't begun. The disaster
coordinating councils concerned and other disaster response organizations should
be fully responding to emergencies by this time or completely ready to
immediately respond to the calamity.

To further help citizens prepare for heavy rains and flooding, PAGASA also has
the following color-coded rainfall or storm surge advisory system:

Yellow Rainfall Advisory: Citizens should expect flooding in low-lying areas as

7.5-15 mm of rainfall (8 liters per square meter/hour) is expected within one hour
and is likely to continue in the next two hours. There is also a possibility of a
storm surge of .5-1 meter high. Everyone is advised to monitor the weather
condition because the rainfall warning could be raised.

Orange Rainfall Advisory: Intense rains of 15-30 mm (15-30 liters per square
meter/hour) are expected within one hour and flooding is considered a definite
threat in communities under this alert. Rainfall is expected to continue in the next
two hours and storm surges 1 meter to 3 meters high are expected.

Red Rainfall Advisory: This rainfall advisory is issued when downpours

constitute an emergency. It is raised when the torrential rainfall is more than 30
mm within one hour or if it has continued for the past three hours and has risen to
more than 65 mm (30 liters per square meter/hour). Storm surges over 3 meters
high are expected and will most likely cause severe damage to coastal and marine
 infrastructure. Serious flooding is expected in low lying areas and evacuation to
designated safe zones is recommended.

C. Instructional Materials

 Go Bag Emergency Kit: Cutouts of different goods utilized for survival purposes.
 PowerPoint Presentation regarding the topic.
 Typhoon Forecast Track Posters

D. References

 Evangelista et. al (2017), Science in Today’s World 8, SIBS Publishing House, Quezon City,
Philippines; 173 to 175
 CNN Philippines Staff (July 8, 2016) Understanding PAGASA Public Storm Warning Signal,
Rainfall Advisories System. Retrieved from cnnphilippines.com

III. Procedure

A. Routines
 Greetings
 Checking of Attendance
 Classroom Management
 Collection of Assignment

B. Lesson Proper

1. ENGAGE

The class will have an activity called “I M Ready, G!”, they will be divided into
four (4) groups. There will be a corresponding bag for each group where they can put
what they think is needed to survive in a calamity. There will be a box of different goods
where they can choose what they think are necessary to survive during disasters.

2. EXPLORE

The teacher will show images of damages brought by typhoons in the

Philippines, particularly those places that are frequently affected by it and ask the
students the question; “Why these places are very much prone to typhoons, than the
other places in our country?”

3. EXPLAIN

The teacher will discuss the lesson about the geographical locations of typhoons
in the Philippines and the Philippine Area of Responsibility; and how landforms and
 bodies of water affect typhoons using illustrations and examples. The teacher will
also include the PAGASA public storm warning signals in the discussion.

4. ELABORATE

The class will be divided into two (2) groups, the students will have an activity
regarding weather forecasting. They will act as weather reporters, reporting a certain
typhoon, which affects the Philippines. They will be given enough data to complete
their reports. Their reports must include the description and track of the typhoon and
public storm warning signals with precautionary measures.

5. EVALUATE

The student will answer a five-item test about the topic discussed.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the BEST answer, which corresponds to the

questions in each number. Encircle the letter of your answer on the line before each
number.

1. When a typhoon makes landfall, it ____________________.

A. Reverse direction C. Slows and Sinks
B. Rises and Cools D. Stops Moving
2. Which of the following BEST describes what happens to a typhoon that
encounters a mountain?
A. It is unaffected.
B. It loses its moisture and weakens.
C. Winds move in different directions.
D. Winds return to where they came from.
3. If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, it is still included in the PAR. This
statement is ________________.
A. TRUE C. EXAGERATED
B. FALSE D. lacks enough data.
4. Which of the following does PAGASA means?
A. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Aeronautics and Space Administration
B. Philippine Astronomical Geophysical Aeronautics Services Administration
C. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration
D. Philippine Aeronautics, Geological, Aeronautics and Space Administration
5. In which tropical cyclone warning signal does a typhoon which has powerful
winds of more than 220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hours categorized?
A. PSWS 3 C. PSWS 5
B. PSWS 4 D. PSWS 2
6. AGREEMENT

Research on the following instruments and tools used by meteorologists in the

study of the weather:

a. Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS)

b. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
c. Radiosonde
d. Wind-Finding Radar
e. Polar-Orbiting Satellite
f. Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)

Write your findings on a one whole sheet of paper.