Math 228- MHY Lecture 1

Instructor: J.M.Basilla November 8, 2018

Exercises
1. Prove the triangle Inequality:
|z + w| ≤ |z| + |w| for all z, w ∈ C

Prove that the equality above holds if 0, z and w are collinear

and 0 is not between z and w. Prove also that
||z| − |w|| ≤ |z − w| for all z, w ∈ C.

(Hint: Use the fact that |<z| ≤ |z|.)

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2. Prove that the complex zeros (non real complex numbers)
of a polynomial p( x ) with real coefficient comes in pairs. In
particular, prove that if z is zero of p( x ) then z is also a zero of
p ( x ).

3. A frog makes 3 jumps, each exactly 1 meter long. The di-

rections of the jumps are chosen independently at random.

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What is the probability that the frog’s final position is no more
than 1 meter from its starting position?
1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
6 5 4 3 2
4. For how many ordered triples ( x, y, z) of nonnegative integers
less than 20 are there exactly two distinct elements in the set
Ba
√
{i x , (1 + i )y , z}, where i = −1?
(A) 149 (B) 205 (C) 215 (D) 225 (E) 235

5. If α ∈ C such that |α| < 1. Find limn→∞ αn .

6. For |z| 6= 1, show that the following limit exists:

 n
z −1

f (z) = lim .
n→∞ zn + 1
JM

Is is possible to define f (z) when |z| 6= 1 in such a way that f is

continuous?
zn
7. Let f (z) = limn→∞ 1+ z n

7.a. For which complex numbers z does the limit exist?

7.b. Give explicit values of f (z) for the values of z for which the
limit exists.

8.8.i. Prove that for any complex number z 6= 1, we have

z n +1 − 1
1 + z + . . . + zn =
z−1

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These notes are intended for student’s use to supplement the classroom discussions. Any use beyond such are forbidden. In particular, any publication, mass reproduction of all or parts of these notes
are strictly prohibited. In addition, uploading of the notes to online sites such as Course Hero and re-posting of the notes on other online sites are likewise prohibited.
 Math 228- MHY Lecture 1
Instructor: J.M.Basilla November 8, 2018

8.ii. Prove that

1 sin((n + 12 )θ )
1 + cos θ + cos 2θ + · · · + cos nθ = +
2 2 sin 2θ

9. Prove that if { D j : j ∈ J } is a collection of connected subsets

of X and if for each j and k in J, D j ∩ Dk 6= ∅, then j∈ J D j is
S

connected.

10. Show that the series

∞
z n −1
∑

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n n +1
n=1 (1 − z )(1 − z

1 1
converges to z − z2
for |z| < 1 and to z (1− z2
for |z| > 1. Prove
that the convergence is uniform for |z| ≤ c < 1 and for |z| ≥
b > 1.

11. Determine the radius of convergence of the following series.

11.a. ∑ nn zn
11.b. ∑
11.c. ∑
zn
nn
2n z n
11.d. ∑(log n)2 zn
sil
Ba
11.e. ∑ 2−n zn
11.f. ∑ n2 zn
n! n
11.g. ∑ nn z
(n!)3 n
11.h. ∑ (3n)!
z

12. Let f (z) = ∑ an zn have radius of convergence r > 0. Show that

the following series have the same radius of convergence:

12.a. ∑ nan zn
JM

12.b. ∑ n2 an zn
12.c. ∑ nd an zn
12.d. ∑ nan zn−1
1
13. Find the power series expansion of the f (z) = (z+1)(z+2)
and
find its radius of convergence

14. Find the terms of degree less than or equal to 3 in the power
2
series expansion of f (z) = (zz−2) about z = 1.

15. Find the terms of degree less than or equal to 3 in the power
series expansion of f (z) = (z+3z− 2
)(z+2)
about z = 1.

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2018
These notes are intended for student’s use to supplement the classroom discussions. Any use beyond such are forbidden. In particular, any publication, mass reproduction of all or parts of these notes
are strictly prohibited. In addition, uploading of the notes to online sites such as Course Hero and re-posting of the notes on other online sites are likewise prohibited.
 Math 228- MHY Lecture 1
Instructor: J.M.Basilla November 8, 2018

16. Show that f (z) = |z|2 = x2 + y2 has a derivative only at the

origin.
1
17. Show that the real part of the function f (z) = z 2 is always
positive.

18. Let G := C \ {z : z ≤ 0}. Find all analytic functions f : G → C

such that z = ( f (z))n for all z ∈ G.

19. Suppose that f : G → C is analytic and G is connected . Show

that if f (z) is real for all z ∈ G, then f is constant.

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20. Let G be a region and define G ∗ := {z ∈ C : z ∈ G }. If
f : G → C is analytic prove that f ∗ : G ∗ → C defined by
f ∗ (z) = f (z is also analytic.

21. Evaluate the following cross ratios

21.1. (7 + i, 1, 0, ∞)

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21.2. (2, 1 − i, 1, 1 + i )
21.3. (0, 1, i, −1)
21.4. (i − 1, ∞, 1 + i, 0)
az+b
22. If Tz = cz +d , find z2 , z3 and z4 in terms of a, b, c and d such that
Tz = (z, z2 , z3 , z4 ).
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23. Let R∞ := {z ∈ C : =z = 0} ∪ ∞. If Tz = cz az+b
+d , show that
T (R∞ ) = R∞ if and only if we can choose a, b, c and d to be
real numbers.

24. Let T be a Möbius transformation with fixed points z1 and z2 . If

S is a Möbius transformation show that S1 TS has fixed points
S1 z1 and S1 z2 .
JM

jbasilla\20181108Math228-
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2018
These notes are intended for student’s use to supplement the classroom discussions. Any use beyond such are forbidden. In particular, any publication, mass reproduction of all or parts of these notes
are strictly prohibited. In addition, uploading of the notes to online sites such as Course Hero and re-posting of the notes on other online sites are likewise prohibited.