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REGLA DE L'HÔPITAL
f ’(x)
el lim .
xda g ’(x)
Si el lim
f(x)
= 0 ó ∞ , entonces
xda g(x) 0 ∞
f(x) f ’(x)
lim
xda g(x)
=lim
xda g ’(x)
tg x
a) lim sen
x
x b) lim sen 3x c) lim x
xd0 xd0 sen 4x xd0
Solución .-
a) lim sen x 0
x = 0 =lim
cos x = 1 = 1
xd0 xd0 1 1
lim x + 23x + 3x + 1
3 2
xd−1 x + 2x + 1
Solución .-
1 3 3 1
-1 -1 -2 -1
lim x +23x + 3x + 1 = 0 =
3 2
xd−1 x + 2x + 1 0
1 2 1 0
(x + 1 ) 3
-1 -1 -1 = lim = lim (x + 1 ) = 0
xd−1 (x + 1 ) 2 xd−1
1 1 0
lim x 3 + 6x 2 − 1
xd∞ 2x 3 − 7x + 6
Solución .-
lim x 3 + 6x 2 − 1 =lim x 3 = 1
xd∞ 2x 3 − 7x + 6 xd∞ 2x 3 2
= lim 6x + 12 = ∞ =lim 6 = 6 = 1
xd∞ 12x ∞ xd∞ 12 12 2
arc tg 2x
Ejemplo 41.3 Calcular lim
xd0 arc tg 3x
.
Solución .-
1 $2
lim
arc tg 2x
= 0 =lim 1 + 4x 2 = 2
xd0 arc tg 3x 0 1
xd0
$3 3
1 + 9x 2
Y
La función logarítmica neperiana no está
definida para x = 0 , pues su dominio es
y = ln x (0, +∞).
Sin embargo, observando la gráfica vemos
que
1 X
lim ln x = −∞
xd0 +
Por lo tanto:
2x
ln(x 2 − 1 ) −∞ 2−1 2x(x − 1 )
lim = −∞ =lim x = ∞
∞ =lim =lim 2x = 1
xd1 ln(x − 1 ) xd1 1 xd1 x2 − 1 xd1 x + 1
x−1
Solución .-
a) lim 5 x− 1 = 0 =lim 5 $ ln 5 = ln 5
x x
xd0 0 xd0 1
b) lim 3 − =lim 3 $ ln 3 − 2 $ ln 2 = ln 3 − ln 2 = ln 3
x
2x = 0
x x
xd0 x 0 xd0 1 2
c) lim 3 x − 1 = 0 =lim 3 x $ ln 3 = ln 3
x x
xd0 2 − 1 0 xd0 2 $ ln 2 ln 2
Solución .-
lim x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 =lim 2x − 5 = −1 = −1
2
xd2 x − 3x + 2 0 xd2 2x − 3 1
0 , [ ∞∞ ] , [∞ − ∞ ] , [0 $ ∞ ] , [0 0 ] , [∞ 0 ] , [1 ∞ ]
0
= 0 =lim − cos x = 0 = 0
0 xd 2 −sen x −1
f(x) g(x )
f(x)g(x) = 1 = 1
g(x ) f(x )
= lim 1 =1
xd0 (1 + tg 2 2x ) $ 2 2
ln(x − 1 )
b) lim (x − 1 ) ln(x − 1 ) = [0 $ ∞ ] =lim 1 = ∞
∞ =
xd1 xd1
x−1
1
1 =lim (x − 1 ) =lim (1 − x ) = 0
2
= lim x −
xd1 −1 xd1 −(x − 1 ) xd1
(x − 1 ) 2
En efecto:
g(x )
ln L = lim
xda
ln f(x ) =lim
xda
g(x ) ln f(x ) = [0 $ ∞ ]
1
x ln( e x − 1)
a) lim x b) lim x
xd0 xd0
Solución .-
1
= lim x1 =lim −xx =lim (−x ) = 0
2
ln L = 0 e L = e 0 = 1 e lim x x = 1
xd0
1
b) ln L = lim ln x ln(e x − 1)
=lim 1 $ ln x =lim ln x = −∞
−∞
xd0 xd0 ln(e x − 1) xd0 ln(e − 1 )
x
1
x = e x − 1 = 0 =lim ex
= lim lim x =1
xd0 e + xe
x x
xd0 1 $e x xd0 xe 0
ex − 1
Al ser ln L = 1 , entonces L = e 1 = e .
Solución .-
tg x
a) lim 1x = [∞ 0 ] . Sea L el valor de dicho límite, entonces
xd0
tg x ln 1
ln L = lim ln 1x =lim tg x $ ln 1x = [0 $ ∞ ] =lim x =
xd0 xd0 xd0 1
tg x
ln 1x x $ − 12 1
−x
∞
= lim cot x = ∞ =lim x =lim = lim sen 2 x =
1 x
xd0 xd0
− 12 xd0
− 2
xd0
sen x sen x
2
b) lim
xd∞
x 2
x =lim
xd∞
x x = [∞ 0 ] . Sea L el valor del límite buscado, entonces:
1
ln L = lim ln x
2
x = lim 2 $ ln x =lim 2 ln x = ∞ =lim 2 $ x = 0
xd∞ xd∞ x xd∞ x ∞ xd∞ 1
Por lo tanto, L = e 0 = 1 .
b
a) lim 1 + 1x
x
b) lim x+1 2x+3
c) lim (1 + ax ) x
xd∞ xd∞ x − 1 xd0
Solución .-
ln 1 + 1x
1 $ −12
1+ 1 x
= lim 1 = 0 =lim x
=lim 1 =1
xd∞
x
0 xd∞ 1
− 2
xd∞
1 + 1x
x
Por lo tanto, L = e .
ln x + 1 (2x + 3 ) $ ln x + 1 = [∞ $ 0 ] =
2x+3
b) ln L = lim =lim
xd∞ x−1 xd∞ x−1
x − 1 $ −2
ln x + 1
x − 1 = 0 =lim x + 1 (x − 1 ) =lim −2(2x + 3 ) =
2 2
= lim
xd∞ 1 0 xd∞ −2 xd∞ −2(x 2 − 1 )
2x + 3 (2x + 3 ) 2
= lim 4x 2 + 12x + 9 = 4 e L = e4 .
xd∞ x2 − 1
b b ln(1 + ax )
c) ln L = lim ln(1 + ax ) x =lim bx $ ln(1 + ax ) =lim x = 0 =
xd0 xd0 xd0 0
b$ 1 $a
= lim 1 + ax = ba
xd0 1
L = e ba
lim x+k 3x
= e6
xd∞ x
Solución .-
ln x +x k
ln x +x k +
3x
ln L = lim =lim x k
3x $ ln x = ∞ $ 0 =lim
[ ] = 0 =
xd∞ xd∞ xd∞ 1 0
3x
x $ −k
= lim x + k x 2 =lim 3kx 2 = 3k .
xd∞ x 2 + kx
− 12
xd∞
3x
e 3k = e 6 g 3k = 6 g k=2
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