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1) The document proposes integrating electronic voting machines with Aadhar biometrics to prevent fake and duplicate voting.
2) A fingerprint scanner would be interfaced with voting machines to verify voter identity by matching fingerprints to those stored in Aadhar.
3) An RFID card representing the voter's Aadhar would also be used to verify identity, preventing someone from voting using a stolen card since biometrics cannot be duplicated.
1) The document proposes integrating electronic voting machines with Aadhar biometrics to prevent fake and duplicate voting.
2) A fingerprint scanner would be interfaced with voting machines to verify voter identity by matching fingerprints to those stored in Aadhar.
3) An RFID card representing the voter's Aadhar would also be used to verify identity, preventing someone from voting using a stolen card since biometrics cannot be duplicated.
1) The document proposes integrating electronic voting machines with Aadhar biometrics to prevent fake and duplicate voting.
2) A fingerprint scanner would be interfaced with voting machines to verify voter identity by matching fingerprints to those stored in Aadhar.
3) An RFID card representing the voter's Aadhar would also be used to verify identity, preventing someone from voting using a stolen card since biometrics cannot be duplicated.
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College. 2,3,4 Scholars of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College.
ABSTRACT of each voter and at the same time ensuring their
This project is designed for integrating anonymity and their choice of candidate. Electronic Voting Machine with the data of This paper proposes a system which the voter as in the Aadhar. Using the Aadhar would replace the standard Electronic Voting Number and its unique bio-metric Machine with an updated bio-metric identification system to prevent and alert the identification system using fingerprint scanner authorities against fake voting and voting on which is interfaced with the voting machine[2] behalf of absent voters during election and and the government database containing the data prevent rigging during election. Protecting the of each citizen and verifying the eligibility of voting rights of the citizen using fingerprint to each voter. The RFID cards used in place of ensure the identity of the person who is voting Aadhar card is exclusive to each citizen. It and also to ensure that no single person can prevents fake voting even if the card is stolen the vote more than once and aborting and alerting biometric data of the citizen is exclusive to each the authorities if otherwise. In this manner the individual [3]. This system can also be citizen’s trust in democracy is protected by improvised to remove postal voting and the need ensuring a fair method for collection and for the voter to travel to their constituency as all counting of votes. Illegal voting by such data is already present in the Aadhar impersonation and multiple voting by the database. Thus the voter can vote wherever they same person can be avoided. The model are during the election to their home consists of a Raspberry Pi Model B as the constituency. This also increases the voting server used to give commands and an Arduino percentage as some voters may not be able to Uno 3 to fetch and store the data and display travel back to their home constituency during the output in an LCD display. An RFID is election. used to represent the Aadhar card of each citizen and can be used only by the respective II. EXISTING SYSTEM citizen as the data stored in the Aadhar are Electronic Voting Machine was exclusive to each citizen. introduced to replace Ballet boxes from 1998 in India [4]. The voting machines used in India are I. INTRODUCTION a combination of two components namely the India is the largest democracy in the Balloting unit and Control unit. Balloting unit on world. But India faces a huge threat of rigging in which the voters press the button. Control unit election, due to the population of over a billion in gives the polling officer stationed at the poll which many of the voter fails to authority to vote. booth to supervise the process. An EVM runs on This is used as an advantage by some political 6v batteries and removes the requirement of an parties to impersonate the absentee voters to rig external power source. It is designed to record 64 the elections to their advantage. This pose a candidate names and 3,840 votes at the max. The threat to integrity of our country and the citizen’s 64 candidate names can be split across 4 units trust in the electoral commission. To eliminate connected in parallel, with 16 names on each of such limitation and improve the reliability of the the unit [5]. voting processes, the government initiative Aadhar[1] is utilized to identify the individuality
67 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) III. DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM Liquid Crystal Display – 1 for verification block Corrupted officers may tamper with the and 3 in the voting block for viewing candidate voting count. details respectively. Impersonation of the absentee voters to A 5V DC Supply. bias the results towards a particular candidate. Buzzer – for vote confirmation. Eligibility and the identity of voter is not recognized. LED – for vote confirmation. Questionably out dated and basic technology makes it easy for malpractice RFID cards – used in place of Aadhar card [8] and controversies in results [6]. in the prototype.
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM VII. CONSTRUCTION
To integrate the voting authority of the The setup consists of two blocks, verification citizen(voter’s ID) with Aadhar to ensure the and voting respectively. identity of the person who is voting[7] and also to ensure that no single person can vote more Verification Block: than once using the bio-metric identification used The Fig.2 shows the connection diagram of in Aadhar and aborting and alerting the Aadhar Based EVM using RFID. A single phase authorities if otherwise. 230V AC supply is given to the 12V step-down transformer. A 12V AC is given to the rectifier V. BLOCK DIAGRAM bridge and AC is converted into DC.Then 12V DC is given to 5V regulator (LM 7805) and constant 5V is obtained. The 5V supply is given to the components. Raspberry Pi is given a separate supply from a dedicated adapter as it is a sensitive device. The input components consisting of the matrix keypad and the fingerprint sensor are connected to the Arduino ports. The Raspberry Pi is connected to the Arduino using a HDMI cable. The whole setup is placed on a mica sheet.
Fig.1 Block Diagram
VI. COMPONENTS USED
A working model was developed based on the concept of bio-metric identification of citizen’s identity. The prototype consists of the following components Fingerprint sensor GT511C3 – for bio-metric identification. Fig.2 Hardware Working - Verification Block Arduino Uno R3 – 1 for voting block and 1 verification block respectively. Voting Block: Raspberry Pi 3Model B – to procure and store the The Fig.3 shows the input and output part of the data. proposed EVM which consists of LCD displays Matrix keypad 4x4 – for voting by the user and and push buttons for the corresponding candidate resetting and reading the vote count by the and LEDs for the confirmation of voter's administrator.
68 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) selection of candidate. A buzzer is fixed to If a person who is not registered places confirm and indicate the voting. his finger, the machine displays the message "PERSON NOT FOUND" even if they have a RFID of a legitimate voter. Similarly if a person with an RFID belonging to a different booth tries to vote, the machine displays the message “NOT FOUND”. Here the Raspberry Pi acts as the master to two Arduinos and sends commands. A second Arduino Uno is used to interface the RFID reader with the system and to increase the speed of the system. This is the working mechanism of Aadhar based Electronic Voting Machine.
IX. RESULT AND CONCLUSION
The hardware setup implements the EVM successfully with the fingerprint sensor and RFID kit and the operation result shows an innovative and secure process of voting while maintaining the voter's discrepancy. The Fig.3 Hardware Working - Voting Block citizen’s trust in democracy is protected by ensuring a fair method to collect and count the VIII. SEQUENCE OF OPERATION votes [9]. The model consists of a Raspberry Pi which acts as the database for the details of the CONCLUSION voter and to store the vote counts. An Arduino This paper suggest that the EVM system has to Uno 3 is used to send and receive the data. Once be further studied and innovated to reach all the the user places his RFID card, the Arduino levels of community, so that the voter’s trust on checks with the database for the details of the the election process will increase and election voter. If the voter's card matches with the data officials will make more involvement in stored in the database, the LCD display requests purchasing the innovated EVM’s for conduct the user for their fingerprint and compares the efficient, secure, corruption free Elections [10]. fingerprint of the voter with the same stored in Further innovations can be made so that the voter the database. Only when the fingerprint can vote wherever they are during the election, corresponding to its RFID card is placed in the getting to choose the candidate competing in reader the machine opens the voting option. their home constituency without the necessity of travel [11]. The described model consisting of Once the identity of the voter is fingerprint sensor can also be modified to be used confirmed the machine requests the voter to vote. with Retina scanner which provides even more The list of candidates is displayed in LCD secure and technologically advanced solution to displays and push buttons and LEDs are placed fake voting and impersonation [12]. This near each candidate. A buzzer is placed to concludes that the Aadhar based EVM will useful confirm the pressing of the push button. When to avoid rigging in election by impersonation, to the voter presses the button corresponding to his avoid time consumption and all the while keep choice of candidate by pressing the push button the voter’s information more secured. The nearby, the LED glows along with a buzzer conventional paper ballot method also consumes sound, indicating to the voter that their vote has lot of man power and security issues to the been registered. The vote count of the selected Electoral Commission which can by reduced by candidate is incremented in the Raspberry Pi. If this system. the voter who has already voted tries to vote again, the machine displays the message REFERENCES “ALREADY VOTED”. [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aadhaar.
69 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT ENGINEERING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH (IJCESR) [2] Computerized voting system (US5878399A) – Ryan G. Peralto - August 1996. [3] Awad, Mohammed; Leiss, Ernst L Journal of Information Systems Technology & Planning. Mar2011, Vol. 4 Issue 7. [4] K Lohry, LW Sarner, AR Ross - US Patent 5,758,325, 1998. [5]S Thakur, Emerging Issues and Prospects in African E Government – 2014. [6] S Wolchok, E Wustrow, JA Halderman. Security analysis of India's electronic voting machines – 2010. [7] Fingerprint Based e-Voting System using Aadhar Database Rohan Patel, Vaibhav Ghorpade, Vinay Jain and Mansi Kambli -2015. [8] Assess the awareness level of people on Aadhar Card as public well being - Nimesh P. Bhojak - Researcher, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, India. ISSN: 2348 – 0343. [9] Online voting system with biometric authentication for Elections - Adesua Adeleye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. -2015. [10] A Comparative Study on Fingerprint Matching Algorithms for EVM D. Ashok Kumar, T. Ummal Sariba Begum Department of Computer Science, Government Arts College, Trichy, India – 2013. [11] Remote electronic voting systems: an exploration of voters' perceptions and intention to use - Yurong Yao, Lisa Murphy European Journal of Information Systems April 2007, Volume 16, Issue 2, pp 106–120. [12] E-Voting and Biometric Systems - Sonja Hof University of Linz, Austria. 2004 – Citeseer.