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Being the main force driving the global economic market, currency is no
doubt an essential element for a country. However, in order for all the
countries with different currencies to trade with one another, a system of
exchange rate between their currencies is needed; this system, is formally
known as foreign exchange or currency exchange.
In the early days, the system of currency exchange is supported solely by the
gold amount held in the vault of a country. However, this system is no
longer appropriate now due to inflation and hence, the value of one’s
currency nowadays is determined through the market forces alone. In order
to determine the value of a currency’s exchange rate, two main types of
system is used which is floating currency and pegged currency.
For floating exchange rate, its value is determined by the supply and demand
of the global market where the supply and demand is bound by all these
factors such as foreign investment, inflation and ratios of import and export.
Normally, this system is adopted by most of the advance countries like for
example UK, US and Canada. All of these countries have a similarity where
their market is well developed and stable in economic terms. These countries
choose to practice this system due to the reason where floating exchange rate
is proven to be much more efficient compared to the pegged exchange rate.
The reason behind this is because for floating exchange rate, the market
itself will re-adjust the exchange rate real-time in order to portray the actual
inflation and other economic forces. However, every system has its own
flaw and so does the floating exchange rate system. For instance, if a country
suffers from economic instability due to various reasons such as political
issues, a floating exchange rate system will certainly discourage investment
due to the high risk of suffering from inflationary disaster or sudden slump
in exchange rate.
However, the truth is, most of the countries do not fully practice the floating
exchange rate or the pegged exchange rate method in reality. Instead, they
use a hybrid system known as floating peg. Floating peg is the combination
of the two main systems where one country will normally fixed their
exchange rate to the US Dollars and after that, they will constantly review
their peg rate in order to stay in line with the actual market value.
EUR/USD 1.2653
USD/JPY 107.65
GBP/JPY 195.03
The exchange rate smallest change for the final figure (is 1 pip), for
example:
Quoted Price
All quoted prices can be divided into direct quoted price and the indirect
quoted price, for example:
For example, the EUR/USD quoted price is 1.2653, which means each euro
could convert to 1.2653 US dollars, while the USD/JPY quoted price is
107.65, which means that each US dollar could convert to 107.65 Japanese
Yen.
The buying price and the selling price of the foreign currency is decided by
the bank or the broker house, customer decides only the buying trend. For
example, the EUR/USD quoted price general demonstration is 1.2652/57,
which means the broker house is willing to buy Euro dollar at the price of
1.2652, and sell at the price of 1.2657. At this time, the price difference
between the buyer and the seller (pip difference) is 5 pips, for foreign
exchange trading, the smaller the point means the trading cost is lower and
the chance of profit making is much larger.
:: Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market
Presently, there are various kinds of financial market, it is divided into:
Stock market, interest market (including bond, commercial bill and so on),
gold market (including gold, platinum, silver), futures market (including
grain, cotton and kapok, oil and so on), option market and foreign exchange
market or forex market and so on.
Speculation
Currencies exchange rates could fluctuate according to the demand and
supply between two currencies. A Forex trader buys up one kind of currency
in an exchange rate, but up casts this currency in another more advantageous
exchange rate, he may gain. Speculation has occupied most of the Forex
market.
Hedging
Due to the fluctuation between two currencies, those companies who owns
foreign asset (for example factory), when these companies convert these
properties into cost country currencies, there consist of certain risks. When
the value of a foreign asset which is estimated based on foreign currencies
remained unchanged, if the exchange rate changes, when converting this
property value according to the domestic currency, there could be profit and
loss. The company may eliminate such hidden risk through hedging. This
carries out a foreign currency trading, its transaction result just
counterbalances the foreign currency property profit and loss which
produces by the exchange rate change.
Forex Market Development
The history of the Forex market as an international capital speculation
market is much shorter compared the stock, the gold, the stock, the interest
market, but it is developing in an astonishing speed. Today, the foreign
exchange market daily trading volume has amounted to 150 billion US
dollars, it’s scale has gone far beyond the stock, the stock and other finance
commodity markets, it has became the world's most biggest sole finance
market and the also the speculation market. Since the birth of the foreign
exchange market, the fluctuation of the exchange rate of the Forex market is
becoming bigger. In September 1985, 1 US dollar exchanged 220 Japanese
Yen, but in May 1986, 1 US dollar only could exchange 160 Japanese Yen,
in 8 months, the Japanese Yen has revalued 27%. In recent years, the foreign
exchange market wave amplitude has been bigger, on September 8, 1992, 1
pound exchanged 2.0100 US dollars, on November 10, 1 pound exchanged
1.5080 US dollars, in the short two months, the pound exchanged US dollar
exchange rate to fall more than 5,000, depreciated 25%. Not only that,
presently, everyday the fluctuation of the exchange rate of the Forex market
enlarges unceasingly, within a day the rise and drop 2% to 3% is commonly
seen. On September 16, 1992, the pound exchanged US dollar from 1.8755
to fall to 1.7850, the pound on first lowers 5%.
Due to the large fluctuation of the Forex market, it has created more
opportunities for the investor, attracted more and more investors to join this
ranks.
In recent years, the foreign exchange market could favor more and more
people, it becomes a favorite for the international investors, and this is
strongly related to the characteristics of the Forex market. The main
characteristics of the foreign exchange market are:
Early morning 0830 (New York time) New York market opens, 0930
Chicago market opens, 1830 Sydney opens, 1930 Tokyo opens, 2030 Hong
Kong, Singapore open, before dawn 1430 Frankfurt opens, 1530 o'clock
London market opens. So 24 hours uninterrupted movements, the foreign
exchange market becomes a day and night market, only on Saturday, Sunday
as well as the various countries' significant holiday, the foreign exchange
market only then can close.
This kind of continued operation, provided no time and spatial barrier ideal
outlet for investors, the Forex trader may seek the best opportunity to carry
on the transaction. For instance, Forex trader buys up the Japanese Yen in
the morning at the New York market, in the evening Hong Kong market
opens the Japanese Yen rises, the Forex trader sells in the Hong Kong
market, no matter Forex trader in where, he all may participate in any
market, any time business. Therefore, the foreign exchange market may say
is does not have the time and the spatial barrier market.
3rd, Zero and Game
In the stock market, the rise or the drop of stock market could influence the
value of the stock whether to rise or drop, for example the Japanese new date
iron stock price falls from 800 Japanese Yen to 400 Japanese Yen, the value
of this stock has been reduced to half. However, in the foreign exchange
market, the value of a stock and a currency is being calculated differently,
this is because the exchange rate is refers to the exchange ratio both
countries currency, the exchange rate change will influence one kind of
monetary value to reduce and at the same time another kind of monetary
value increase. For instance in 22 years ago, 1 US dollar exchanges 360
Japanese Yen, at present, 1 US dollar exchanges 110 Japanese Yen, this
explains the Japanese Yen currency value rise, but US dollar currency value
drops, in the end the value will not reduce or increase. Therefore, some
people described the foreign currency trading is "zero and the game",
exactly said is the wealth shift.
:: Forex Charts
There are a variety of forex charts available for the investor to use and study.
Some are very simple using only a couple of forex signals or indicators and
are ideal for beginners. Others include 30 or 40 forex signals or indicators
and live on-line streaming data so that the investor may analyze trades
quickly and accurately.
In order to make an accurate forex forecast, it would seem that the more
indicators, the better, but some analysts prefer a simpler system.
The idea behind studying forex charts is that history repeats itself. Instead of
trying to “see the future”, a forex forecast evaluates the past. That is to say
that the analyst who is responsible for attempting to predict future currency
moves analyzes what happened to an exchange rate yesterday, last week, last
month or last year and uses this knowledge to the best degree he knows how.
Some people trade short term, some intermediate term, and some long term.
All three types of traders may benefit from the use of forex charts, just
adapted to their own trading time frame.
Investors also create their own forex charts to evaluate their own
performance. Creating a forex strategy for oneself is the goal of many
investors. Instead of looking to a professional to analyze forex signals, these
investors choose to create their own forex forecast.
Others, however, create their own strategy but also follow the opinions of
professional currency traders at the same time. It all depends on your
personal preferences.
There are other forex charts that deal with known correlations between two
currency pairs, that is, how they move in relation to each other. Some
exchange rates are known to affect other exchange rates, either by moving in
the same or the opposite direction depending on the correlation.
Charts are available that explain these correlations in detail and show which
pairs have strong correlations or strong negative correlations, so that an
investor can use the movement of the exchange rate of one currency as a
signal to trade another currency. These correlations are also the basis for
some forex forecasts.
2. The risk of the Forex trader is under control, such margin call will not
happen compared to futures, through the Forex trading system, your
risk will receive the strict limit, even if your margin if lower then the
deposit required, the Forex trading system will automatically settle
your position, this means even if a Forex trader suffered losses,
moreover if the market is suffering from a disaster fluctuation, your
loss could not surpass your account amount. In order to understand the
advantages, please apply for the demo account to carry on the
complete zero risk.
1. “If you get in on Jones’ tip; get out on Jones’ tip”. If you are riding
another person’s idea, ride it all the way.
2. Run early or not at all. Don't be an eleven o'clock bull or a five o'clock
bear.
5. If you do not know who you are, the market is an expensive place to
find out.
6. Never give advice-the smart don't need it and the stupid don't heed it.
8. Worry is not a sickness but a sign of health. If you are not worried,
you are not risking enough.
11.Life never happens in a straight line. Any adult knows this. But we
can too easily be hypnotized into forgetting it when contemplating a
chart. Beware of the chartist's illusion.
12.Optimism means expecting the best, but confidence means knowing
how you will handle the worst. Never make a move if you are merely
optimistic.
13.Whatever you do, whether you bet with the herd or against, think it
through independently first.
15.It is a safe bet that the money lost by (short term) speculation is small
compared with the gigantic sums lost by those who let their
investments "ride". Long term investors are the biggest gamblers as
after they make a trade they often times stay with it and end up losing
it all. The intelligent trader will . By acting promptly-hold losses to a
minimum.
16.As a rule of thumb good trend lines should touch at least three
previous highs or lows. The more points the line catches, the better the
line.
19.Don't sell a quiet market after a fall because a low volume sell-off is
actually a very bullish situation.
20.Prices are made in the minds of men, not in the soybean field: fear and
greed can temporarily drive prices far beyond their so called real
value.
24.Assimilate into your very bones a set of trading rules that works for
you.
25.The final phase in a bull move is an accelerated runaway near the top.
In this phase, the market always makes you believe that you have
underestimated the potential bull market. The temptation to continue
pyramiding your position is strong as profits have now swelled to the
point that you believe your account can stand any setback. It is
imperative at this juncture to take profits on your pyramids and reduce
the position back to base levels. The base position is then liquidated
when it becomes apparent that the move has ended.
The Bretton Woods Agreement was signed in 1944, the purposed was to
prevent the currency to escape between countries, and also to limit the
international speculation, thus to stabilize the international currency. Before
this agreement was signed, the gold remittance standard system which was
widely used since 1876 - was leading the international economy system until
the First World War. In the gold remittance system, the currency was at the
stable level under the support of the gold price. The gold remittance system
has abolished the old time king and the ruler which depreciates the currency
value unlawfully, which will lead to inflation.
But, the gold remittance standard system is certainly imperfect. Along with a
country economic potentiality enhancement, it can import massive products
from overseas, until it exhausts the gold reserve of certain country. It
resulted the supply of the currency reduces, the interest rate raises, the
economic activity will start to decline until it reaches the recession limit.
Finally, the commodity price falls to the valley, gradually attracts other
countries to stream in, massively rushes to purchase this country commodity.
This will pour gold into this country, this will increase this country currency
supplies quantity, and it will reduce the interest rate, and will create the
wealth. This is so called the "the prosperity - decline” pattern and is the
circulation of the gold remittance standard system, until the trade circulation
and the gold freedom was broken by the First World War.
After several catastrophes wars, the Bretton Woods agreement has appeared.
The countries which signed the treaty agreed to maintain the domestic
currency to US dollar exchange rate, as well as the necessity of the
corresponding ratio of the gold, and only allow a small fluctuation.
Countries are prohibited to depreciate the currency value for the gain trade
benefit, only allows the country to depreciate not more then 10%. Enters the
50's, the continuous growth of the international trade causes the fund large-
scale shift which produces because of the postwar reconstruction, this causes
Bretton Woods system which establishes the foreign exchange rate to lose
stability.
In the 1980s, along with the published of the computer and correlation
technology, the international capital has flow rapidly, and strongly related
the Asia, Europe and America market. Foreign exchange business volume
from 80's rises daily from 70 billion US dollars to 150 billion US dollars
after 20 years.
One of the reasons why the foreign exchange developed rapidly was the
rapid development of the Euro dollar market. In a Euro dollar market, US
dollar is stored beyond the border of America banks. Similarly, the European
market is refers to property depositing outside the currency rightful owner
country market. A Euro dollar market was formed at first in the 50's, at that
time Russia deposited its petroleum income beyond the US border, avoid
being freeze by the US government. This has formed a large offshore US
dollar national treasury which is beyond the control of the US government.
The American government has formulated a law to prohibited US dollar
from lending money for the foreigner. Because the degree of freedom of the
Euro dollar market is bigger and the rate of return is bigger, therefore it has
large attraction. Starting from the 80's, the American company starts to
borrow loan from the offshore market, they discovered that the European
market is a wealth center which consists of large amount of floating capital
which could provide short-term loan.
London once was (until now still is) one of the main offshore market. In the
80's, the Bank of England in order to maintain its global finance industry
center dominant position, using US dollar as England pound substitution to
make loan, thus to become a Euro dollar market center. London's convenient
geographical position (is situated between Asian and Americas market) also
helps to maintain the European market as the dominant position
:: Forex Trading
Forex trading isn’t strange words for those who looking forward to make
quick profit in the financial market. Most investors will have at least hear or
read about Forex trading. If Forex is a new term to you, please do read the
Introduction to the Forex market before proceed reading this Forex trading
article.
Forex trading is said to be the highest risk with highest return investment (or
speculation game to be more accurate) in the financial market. The amount
traded in the Forex market is much larger than any stock market or even
combining few stock markets. Forex trading is simply a world wide trading
market running 24 hours from Monday to Friday.
Everyday, there are new Forex traders entering into trading Forex. Some of
them don’t even fully understand how Forex is traded but have already
trading Forex. They are not idiot who want to burn their hard earned money,
it’s just because Forex market is simply too lucrative market to enter with
extreme high return. Any Forex traders can easily make a double return just
in few minutes time trading Forex.
You might now think how can Forex trading make huge profit just by selling
and buying currency? Forex is traded using margin, Forex traders don’t need
to full amount to buy any currency. For example, Forex traders just need
1000 Dollar to buy up 100,000 Dollar. This allows any Forex traders to
make huge profit with little money.
Another important factor that any Forex traders can make huge profit is the
high fluctuation for currency. Every day every seconds, the currency
exchange rate is moving up and down, the Forex exchange rate fluctuate
more heavily whenever there is any important economic data being released.
Forex trading is simply sounds too easy for anyone to make profit in very
short time. But before you committed into Forex trading, it is strongly
advised to have full understanding in Forex trading. Do read up other Forex
trading articles in this website and share Forex trading knowledge in the
Forex forums.