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A – dendrites
B – nucleus inside the cell body
C – axon (surrounded by mylein sheath)
D – Axon terminals
5. Reflex arc
Receptor Sensory neurons interneurons motor neurons effector
(sense organs) (in spinal cord)) (muscle or gland)
C. Endocrine System
1. Endocrine glands secrete HORMONES directly into the BLOOD
- bind to RECEPTORS on TARGET CELLS
- only need small amount
2. Endocrine glands – KNOW THE PICTURE
- Hypothalamus – part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland
- Pituitary gland – “Master gland” – controls other glands
- TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) – stimulates thyroid
- GH (growth hormone) – causes elongation of bones
- LH and FSH – stimulate the ovaries
- Thyroid – secretes thyroxine to regulate METABOLISM
- Parathyroid – regulate CALCIUM levels in blood
- Adrenal glands – secrete adrenaline to speed up life activities in times of stress
- Pancreas – regulate blood glucose levels
- Insulin decreases blood glucose levels
- Glucagon – increases blood glucose levels
- Gonads – sex glands
- Ovaries – secrete ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
- Testes – secrete TESTOSTERONE