INDONESIA IOR:

EXISTING AND
FUTURE
Ir. Gunawan Sutadiwiria M.Sc., Ph.D
Senior Manager of Exploitation Study and Reserves Management
BPMIGAS
Jakarta, Indonesia
April 18, 2008

tr
UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI
 INDONESIA BASINS

(16)

(9)

(13)

(22) 2
Indonesia Oil & Gas Working
Area
INDONESIA PETROLEUM WORKING AREAS 2008

Total Working Areas =

3
200
Indonesia Oil & Gas Working
Area

(108 + 32 TAC)
(60) BADAN PELAKSANA KEGIATAN
USAHA HULU MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI

4
 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1966
1967
1968 Bu
1969 ild
1970 - up
1971 St a
1972 ge
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Peak 1977

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

Indonesia
Plateau Stage

1989
1990
Other PSC’s

Chevron Pacific
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Peak 1995

1997
Development & Stage

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
De
ag

2003
e
History of Indonesia Oil Production:

2004
St cline

2005
2006
2007 Million barrels
5
Indonesia IOR Fields

6
 IOR “Concept VS
Implementation”

Incrementa
l
secondary Incrementa
l Tertiary
Extrapolated
primary Extrapolated Producing Wells
secondary
Injection Wells
Primary Secondar Tertiary
phase y phase phase
(EOR)

Water
Effort to force
Gas
additional
petroleum out of Steam
the pores in the Chemical
reservoir rock Technology
Source SPE 8
 Microbial Methods (MEOR)
• MEOR depends on survival of microbes in
reservoir
• Reservoir Temp, Press, and Salinity affect
microbes activity and behavior
• Optimum selection of microbes and ability to
adapt to reservoir condition are important.
Bacteria More
Bacteria
Useful
Regenerate products
for EOR

Metabolism
Nutrient &
Action on
• Others methods; inject the oil (Nutrient
nutrient Method)
9
 Steam Flood

P
W
Choke
P1 Injected
Steam Produced
Liquids &
Gases
Orifice Meter
Overburden
ob
Losses,

Steam Region
P2
P3

Critical Flow P3 Oil

Downhole Sands
Casing Perfs Liquid Region
Fluid
Efflux
Fluid
Influx

Typical Steam Injection Well

Multi-Zone SteamFlood (MZSF)
10
Courtesy from Chevron
 Steam Huff & Puff
The process
• Injection stage, during
which a slug of steam is
introduced to the reservoir.
• soak period, requires that
the well be shut in for
several days to allow
uniform heat distribution to
thin the oil.
• The third stage, the thinned
oil is produced through the
same well. The cycle is
repeated as long as the oil
production is profitable.

Courtesy from Chevron 11

 Chemical Injection

Mixing Facility Injection

Injection
Injection
Injection
Fluids
Fluids
Injection
Injection
Injection Production
Production Well
Well
Pump
Pump
Injection Produced
Produced OilOil
Injection
Well

Surfactant
Mobility
Mobility Mobility Slug
Driving Agent Agent for
Fluid Releasing Oil
OilBank
Bank
(Tapered
(Tapered (Polymer
(Water) Polymer)
Polymer) Solution) Oil

Source SPE 12
 Existing Secondary & Tertiary
(EOR) 1of 2

* BOPD
NO METHODS PSC Field Start Initial EOR Peak Average
Year Production
1 Bangko 1992 11.817 29.487 20.280
2 Kota Batak 1998 13.387 32.966 24.096
3 Bekasap 1997 13.281 28.280 21.500
Balam South
4 1998 15.113 27.390 19.715
(Bekasap)
Chevron Balam South
5 2002 3.582 5.143 3.877
Water (Telisa)
6 Flood Minas 1994 204.209 241.885 213.660
Libo South
7 1992 10.992 15.000 12.024
East
8 Pungut 2005 1.683 2.375 2.020
9 Medco Kaji Semoga 2006 18.000 22.000 20.000
10 BP W Java E main 2001 4000 5100 4000
11 Total E&P Handil 1995 3.000 4.218 3.500
13
 Existing Secondary & Tertiary
2 of 2
(EOR)
* BOPD
Start Initial EOR Peak Average
NO METHODS PSC Field Year Production Production
12 Intan-Vita 2006 233 752 464
13 Widuri WFP 1999 3.015 16.016 7.468
CNOOC
14 Widuri 34-1E 2005 681 1.038 575
15 Krisna 2006 951 1.067 1.036
16 Zamrud 1993 13.150 49.500 5.703
Water
17 Beruk 1995 4.840 6.570 1.137
Flood BOB BSP
18 Pusaka 1999 2.930 3.800 1.061
19 Pedada 1998 10.380 12.000 6.380
20 Limau 1995 2.300 7.700 6.000
21 Pertamina Tanjung 1995 2.700 10.700 7.000
22 Rantau 1985 469 2.602 753
Steam
23 Chevron Duri 1985 30.000 296.000 200.000
Flood

14
 PILOT EOR (Past)
METHODS Start
NO PSC Field
PILOT EOR Year
1 Chemical Flooding Minas 2000
Chevron
Zambrut 1993

2 Microbial (MEOR) Ogan,

Tanjung Tiga 1993
Pertamina Tj. Miring Timur

3 Nutrient Method Ledok 1999

Kasikan,
4 Steam Huff & Puff 2006
Terantam
Pusaka,
Benua,
BOP BSP Sabak,
5 Dusun, 2005
Chemical Huff & Puff Butun,
Pedada,
Zambrud
6 Pertamina Limau 2006
7 Lean gas Injection Total E&P Handil 1995
15
 FUTURE EOR
Methods of Reservoir
NO PSC Field
Future EOR Litology

1 Chevron Minas Clastic sand

2 Medco Kaji Semoga Carbonate
3 Chemical Limau Clastic sand
Injection Pertamina
4 Tanjung Clastic Sand
5 BOB BSP Zamrud Clastic sand
6 Total Handil Clastic sand
7 Steam Chevron Batang Clastic sand
Flood
8 Chevron Kulin Clastic sand

9 CO2 Flooding Pertamina Jatibarang Clastic sand

16
 PROVEN
TECHNOLOGIES
APPLIED
in
INDONESIA 17
 VibroSeismic
• Influence of sound/ultrasound on
permeability of porous media
• Reduce water/oil permeability ratio
Reduce oil viscosity
• Decrease viscosity of epoxy resin
• Decrease surface tension of
transformer oil
• Increase oil mobility
• Increase efficiency of oil
displacement by water
• Acceleration of gravitational
separation of kerosene and water
18
Courtesy from Chevron
Lateral Water Jetting
Perforation
Post-Lateral
Drainage Radius Oil
Field

Original
Drainage
Radius

Laterals
Well
19
Courtesy from e BOB BSP - Pertamina
 Ventury Choke
Sub-Surface Rate Control -
•Poor Sweep Efficiency
gets the right amount of steam
Poor
into the target zones! Profile •Inefficient use of steam

•Oil left behind

Good
Sand 1
Profile Injector Producer

Sand 2 •Good Sweep Efficiency

•Control heat mgmt by

Sand 3 zone

Ventury
•Maximize Recovery

Mandrels Courtesy from Chevron

20
 BrightWater
NewIn
New In-Depth WaterfloodConformance
-Depth Waterflood ConformanceImprovement
ImprovementTool
Tool

ƒƒ AAnew
newand
anddeveloping
developingEOR
EOR In-depth conformance control
technology.
technology. Sweep efficiency improvement
ƒƒ Novel
Novelparticulate
particulatesystem
system
(time-delayed,highly
(time-delayed, highly
expandablematerial).
expandable material).

X10 X1
Before Expansion After Expansion

Problem Statement and Solution (Scale is 0.5 uM) (Scale is 5 uM)

Reservoir Heterogeneity : K ( Permeability )

injector Thief Zone in Oil Reservoir producer
100 101 102 103 104
GR + FACIES Thickness Incremental Recovery
ƒ Bypassed oil Unwanted Water Production
ƒ Cycling water
15 - 30’

10 - 15’

15 - 30’
ƒ Lost revenue
ƒ Higher costs Existing Condition After BrightWater treatment
21
Courtesy from Chevron
 Deliquification Method,
Foaming Agents
Equipment Capillary String Injection – injecting Foaming Agent

22
Courtesy from VICO
 Others
¾ DeBottleNecking facilities
¾ Upgrading facilities
¾ Reactivating idle wells
¾ Changing completion strategy
¾ Increasing well simulation
¾ Infill/Step out drilling
¾ Fracturing
¾ Artificial lift
¾ Acidizing
¾ Enzyme Huff & Puff
¾ Chemical Huff & Puff 23
 Objectives
¾ Expected We have the same references
standard in studies GGR.
¾ Expected to be able to quicken the
studies.
¾ The result of the studies usable by KKKS
in development of field.
¾ The result of the studies can be applied in
field
¾ The result of the studies can be continued
by KKKS
23
 Thank You

Mixing Facility Injection

Injection

Injection
Injection
Fluids
Fluids Injection

Injection
Injection Production Well
Pump
Pump
Produced
Injection Oil
Injection
Well