Rotrodynamics Sharcnet

Rotordynamics of a Shaft Assembly Based on a
Representative Model of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor

Rotordynamics plays a crucial role in identifying critical speeds, and to ultimately design rotating
structures that tolerate extremely high vibrations. This example illustrates the application of rotordy-
namics analysis procedures using the Nelson-Vaugh rotor model.
A 2-D axisymmetric representation of the 3-D solid model is used to perform a rotordynamic analysis.
The results of the 2-D axisymmetric model analyses are compared to the full 3-D solid model results.
This problem demonstrates the following concepts and techniques:
• Axiharmonic meshing of a 3-D geometry
• Disc and bearing modeling
• Gyroscopic effects in rotating structures and modal analysis
• Campbell diagram analysis
• Determination of critical speeds
• Unbalance response analysis
• Orbit plot
• Performance benefits of 2-D axisymmetric models
Topics related to this example problem follow:

1. Introduction
2. Problem Description
3. Modeling
4. Material Properties
5. Boundary Conditions and Loading
6. Analysis and Solution Controls
7. Results and Discussion
8. Recommendations
9. References
10. Input Files
1. Introduction
Rotating machines such as steam or gas turbines, turbo-generators, internal combustion engines, motors,
and disk drives can develop inertia effects that can be analyzed to improve the design and decrease
the possibility of failure. Current trends in rotating equipment design focus on increased speeds, which
increase operational problems caused by vibration. At higher rotational speeds, the inertia effects of
rotating parts must be consistently represented to accurately predict rotor behavior.
Release 17.0 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 1
Rotordynamics of a Shaft Assembly Based on a Representative Model of Nelson-
Vaugh Rotor
Inertia effects in rotating structures are usually caused by gyroscopic moment introduced by the precise
motions of the vibrating rotor as it spins. As spin velocity increases, the gyroscopic moment acting on
the rotor becomes critical. Not accounting for inertia effects at the design level can lead to bearing and
support structure damage. It is also important to consider bearing stiffness, support structure flexibility,
and damping characteristics to understand the stability of a vibrating rotor.
In the sections that follow, modeling details and analysis procedures for a rotating structure are detailed.
Generally, a 3-D model directly available from the CAD can be used for the analysis; however, 3-D
models result in a large number of nodes and elements models. This example demonstrates how to
extract a plane 2-D model from the 3-D model, which can be analyzed using far fewer nodes and ele-
ments. The ease of use, accuracy, and performance of 2-D and 3-D model analyses are compared.
For more information about rotordynamics, refer to the Rotordynamic Analysis Guide and Rotating
Structure Analysis in the Advanced Analysis Guide.
2. Problem Description
The model for the problem is a 3-D geometry model of a Nelson-Vaugh rotor, as shown in the figure
below. The model consists of a flexible rotor with one rigid disk supported by two orthotropic bearings.
The modeling details of the original model can be found in Reference [1].
Figure 1: 3-D Geometry of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor
Modal, Campbell diagram, and unbalance response analyses are performed on the 2-D axisymmetric
model represented in the figure below. The effect of gyroscopic moment on the rotating structure dy-
namics is observed in each analysis.
Modeling
Figure 2: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor
To validate the accuracy of the results obtained with the 2-D axisymmetric model, the same analyses
were performed with the corresponding 3-D solid model. The results are then used as a benchmark for
the 2-D axisymmetric model results.
3. Modeling
The following modeling topics are discussed in this section:
3.1. 3-D Modeling of Flexible Rotor Component
3.2. Axisymmetric Modeling of the Flexible Rotor Component from 3-D Geometry
3.3. Disk and Bearing Modeling
3.1. 3-D Modeling of Flexible Rotor Component

The 3-D model is meshed with SOLID187 elements, as shown in the figure below. The default settings
of SOLID187 elements are used.
Figure 3: 3-D Model Meshed with SOLID187 Elements
Vaugh Rotor
3.2. Axisymmetric Modeling of the Flexible Rotor Component from 3-D
Geometry
The following process uses the ANSYS Workbench product to extract the 2-D axisymmetric geometry
the 3-D geometry:
1. Freeze the highlighted portion of the model shown below.
Figure 4: 3-D Geometry
2. Use the Slice by Plane operation on the unfrozen portion of the model as shown below.
Figure 5: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry Extracted from 3-D Geometry
3-D Geometry
Extracted 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry
Modeling
The extracted 2-D geometry is then meshed with the general axisymmetric SOLID272 elements as shown
in the figure below.
Figure 6: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry Meshed with SOLID272 Elements
For modeling, three Fourier nodal planes along the circumferential direction are considered with KEY-
OPT(2) = 3 as pictured in the figure below.
Vaugh Rotor
Figure 7: 2-D Axisymmetric Model with Fourier Nodal Planes
The 3-D mesh is generated based on the 2-D mesh of master planes using the axis of symmetry of the
rotor model. It is defined using the SECTYPE and SECDATA commands as follows:
! Define the axis of symmetry
SECT, 1, axis
SECDATA, 1, x1,y1,z1, x2,y2,z2 ! Coordinates to define the axis of symmetry
Finally, using the axis of symmetry and the NAXIS command, the 3-D mesh is automatically generated
as shown in the figure below.
Figure 8: 3-D View of SOLID272 Mesh
3.3. Disk and Bearing Modeling

The following modeling topics are available:
3.3.1. Disk Modeling
3.3.2. Modeling Bearings
Modeling
3.3.1. Disk Modeling

The rigid disk is modeled as a concentrated mass using MASS21 element as shown in the figure below.
KEYOPT(3) = 0 is used to define the 3-D mass with rotary inertia.
Figure 9: Rigid Disk Modeled Using MASS21 Element (3-D Solid Model)
Following is the general process for modeling the rigid disk:
1. Create the contact pairs at the interface corresponding to the location of the rigid disk (the geometry is
sliced beforehand at this location).
2. Mesh the contact surfaces of the 3-D solid model with CONTA174 elements, and contact surfaces of the
2-D axisymmetric model with CONTA175 elements.
3. Define a pilot node scoped to the surfaces.
4. Create a point mass at this pilot node.
In the case of the 3-D solid model, bonded surface-to-surface contact pairs are used to define contact
between the cross sectional elements and the pilot node. The pilot node is located at the center of the
cross section. The cross sectional elements and/or contact surfaces are meshed using CONTA174 elements
(3-D 8-node surface-to-surface contact) as shown in the figure above.
Similarly, for the 2-D axisymmetric model, bonded node-to-surface contact pairs are used to define
contact between the cross sectional nodes and the pilot node. CONTA175 elements (2-D/3-D node-to-
surface contact) are used to mesh the cross sectional nodes and/or contact surfaces as shown in the
figure below.
Vaugh Rotor
Figure 10: Disk Modeled Using MASS21 Element (2-D Axisymmetric Model)
The Multipoint Constraints (MPC) algorithm is used for bonded contact through KEYOPT(2) = 2 when
modeling both contact pairs.
TARGE170 elements are used to mesh the pilot node in both models. All degrees of freedom (DOF) of
this pilot node are constrained through KEYOPT(4) = 111111.
The following input fragments show the steps involved in creating the contact pairs for the 2-D
axisymmetric model:
/prep7
et, 1, conta175 ! Define Contact 175 element

et, 2, targe170 ! Define Target 170 element
keyopt, 2, 2, 1 ! Don't fix the pilot node
keyopt, 2, 4, 111111 ! Constrained all DOFs
keyopt, 1, 12, 5 ! Bonded Contact
keyopt, 1, 4, 0 ! Rigid RBE3 style load
keyopt, 1, 2, 2 ! MPC style contact
nsel, s, loc, x, 89.01 ! Select nodes at the user specified location

nplot
cm, contactp1, node
type, 1
real, 1
mat, 1
/com, Creating bonded contact pairs for defining Point Mass
nn = 0
*get, numn, node,, count
*do, i, 1, numn ! Loop to create contact elements on selected nodes
nn = ndnext(nn)
e, nn ! Create contact elements on node one by one
*enddo
allsel, all, all
*set, _npilot, 2 ! Set node 2 as a pilot node (user defined)

type, 2
mat, 1
real, 1
tshape, pilo
e, _npilot ! Create target element on pilot node
tshape
Modeling
3.3.2. Modeling Bearings

Bearings are used to support the rotor in the lateral direction. Two identical undamped and linear or-
thotropic bearings were modeled using COMBI214 elements, as shown in the figure below and in Fig-
ure 13: Bearings Modeled with COMBI214 Elements (2-D Axisymmetric Model) .
KEYOPT(2) = 1 is used to define the elements in a plane parallel to the YZ plane. The DOFs of these
elements are then UY and UZ.
The X, Y, and Z axes should be added to the following figure (see Figure 4: 3-D Geometry for the
directions).
Figure 11: Bearings Modeled with COMBI214 Elements (3-D solid model)
Following is the general process for modeling the bearings:
1. Create the contact pairs at the bearing locations (the geometry is sliced beforehand at these locations).
2. Mesh the contact surfaces with CONTA174 elements for the 3-D solid model, and CONTA175 elements for
the 2-D axisymmetric model.
3. Create nodes at the center of the cross section of the rotor at each bearing location (i.e. at the pilot node
locations). It will represent the second node of the bearing.
4. Create the COMBI214 elements using these nodes and the pilot nodes.
The contact pairs shown in the figure below must be created to model the bearings. The contact pairs
are modeled in a similar fashion to the disk modeled in the previous section.
Vaugh Rotor
Figure 12: Bonded Contact Pairs at Bearing Locations (3-D Solid Model)
To model an orthotropic bearing, an additional node is created at the center of the cross section of the
rotor at the bearing location. This node is then connected to pilot node using COMBI214 elements. To
visualize this element, offset the node along the Y-direction without altering the results as shown in
the figure below and in Figure 11: Bearings Modeled with COMBI214 Elements (3-D solid model) .
Figure 13: Bearings Modeled with COMBI214 Elements (2-D Axisymmetric Model)
4. Material Properties
The unit system for this example problem is shown in the table below.
Unit System Metric (mm, tonne, N)

Angle Degrees
Boundary Conditions and Loading
Rotational Velocity rad/s
Material properties of the 3-D/2-D Model of a Nelson Rotor are shown in the table below.
Density 7.85e-009 tonne mm-3

Young's Modulus 2.0e+005 tonne mm-2
Poisson's Ratio 0.3
The properties of the point mass (rigid disk) are shown in the table below.
Mass (X, Y and Z directions) 1.401e-3 tonne

Polar Inertia 2.0 tonne-mm2
Diametral Inertia 13.6 tonne-mm2
The stiffness properties of the two identical orthotropic bearings are shown in the table below.
K11 = K22 3.503e+004 N/mm

K12 = K21 -8.756e+003 N/mm
5. Boundary Conditions and Loading

Fixed support conditions are applied to the second node of the bearing elements, as shown in the figure
below. Translational and rotational DOFs about the axis of rotation at the bearing locations are con-
strained.
Figure 14: Boundary Conditions (3-D Solid Model)
3-D Solid Model
2-D Axisymmetric Model
Vaugh Rotor
The effect of the unbalanced mass on the disk is represented by forces acting in the two directions
perpendicular to the spinning axis. The forces are applied on a node located on the axis of rotation at
the same location as the point mass. The amplitude of the unbalance force is equal to the mass multiplied
by the distance of the unbalance mass to the spin axis.
The following input fragment shows the steps to apply the unbalance force:
/com, Force, f0 = mass * radius
f0 = 1.90e-3
nodeUnb = node(89.01, 0, 0)
/com, Applying rotating force in the clockwise direction.
F, nodeUnb, FY, -f0 ! Real FY component at node ' nodeUnb'

F, nodeUnb, FZ,, f0 ! Imaginary FZ component at node ' nodeUnb'
6. Analysis and Solution Controls

This section discusses the following topics:
6.1. Modal Analysis
6.2. Campbell Diagram Analysis
6.3. Unbalance Response Analysis
6.1. Modal Analysis

Modal analyses of the 2-D axisymmetric model with and without gyroscopic effects included are discussed
in this section.
6.1.1. Modal Analysis without Gyroscopic Effects

The modal analysis without gyroscopic effects is performed using the Block Lanczos (LANB) solver, ex-
tracting twelve modes.
The following input fragment shows the steps to extract these modes:
/solu
antype, modal ! Perform Modal analysis

modopt, lanb, 12 ! Use Block Lanczos solver to extract 12 modes
mxpand, 12 ! Expands all the modes
solve
finish
Analysis and Solution Controls
6.1.2. Modal Analysis with Gyroscopic Effects

The rotational velocity is specified with the OMEGA or CMOMEGA command. The gyroscopic effects
of the rotating structure are included using the CORIOLIS command.
The modal analysis with gyroscopic effects is performed on the model using the complex QRDAMP ei-
gensolver.
The following input fragment shows the steps to perform the modal analysis with gyroscopic effects:
/SOLU
/com, Select all the rotating elements supporting Coriolis command
esel,,ename,,272
esel,a,ename,,21
cm,rot_part, elem
esel, all
/com, Specify rotational velocity to the structure/rotating elements.
pival = acos(-1)
spinRpm = 50000 ! Rotational velocity in rpm
spinRds = spinRpm*pival/30
cmomega, rot_part, spinRds ! Apply rotational velocity along rotating velocity (X)
/com, Activate Coriolis command and choose QRDAMP eigensolver

modopt, qrdamp, 12,,, on ! Use QRDAMP solver to extract 12 complex modes
mxpand, 12 ! Expand all the modes
coriolis, on,,, on ! Last field specifies stationary reference frame
solve
finish
6.2. Campbell Diagram Analysis

Before performing a Campbell diagram analysis, a modal analysis must be performed with multiple load
steps corresponding to different angular velocities. A Campbell diagram plot (PLCAMP command) shows
the evolution of the natural frequencies with respect to the rotational speed. The PRCAMP command
prints out the critical speeds based on the Campbell diagram plot for a synchronous (unbalanced) or
asynchronous force.
The following input fragment shows the steps to perform the Campbell Diagram Analysis:
/SOLU
/com, Select all rotating elements supporting Coriolis command
esel,,ename,,272
esel,a,ename,,21
cm, rot_part, elem
esel, all
/com, Activate Coriolis command and pick the QRDAMP eigensolver

modopt, qrdamp, 12,,,on ! Use QRDAMP solver to extract 12 complex modes
mxpand, 12 ! Expand all the modes
coriolis, on,,, on ! Last field specifies stationary reference frame
/com, Solve modal analysis for different angular velocities
pival = acos(-1)
Vaugh Rotor
cmomega, rot_part, spinRds
solve

solve

solve
finish
/com, Post process the Campbell diagram plot
/POST1
prcamp,, 1.0, rpm,, rot_part ! Prints Campbell diagram data

/show, png
/rgb, index, 100, 100, 100, 0 ! Set white background
/rgb, index, 0, 0, 0, 15
plcamp,, 1.0, rpm,, rot_part ! Plots Campbell diagram data
finish
6.3. Unbalance Response Analysis

A harmonic analysis of the 2-D axisymmetric model is performed within a speed range of 0 to 100,000
rpm (a frequency range of 0 to 1666.67 Hz) using 200 substeps. The first seven modes in this frequency
range are excited.
In this analysis, the unbalance is considered as loading. (see Boundary Conditions and Loading for more
details).
A structural damping coefficient of 1 percent is considered (DMPSTR).
The frequency of excitation is specified as synchronous with the rotational velocity (SYNCHRO). The
rotational velocity (CMOMEGA) determines only the rotational velocity direction vector of the rotating
component. The spin of the rotor is automatically calculated (HARFRQ).
The following input fragment shows the steps to perform the unbalance response analysis:
/SOLU
spinRds = 1 ! Rotating velocity of the shaft to specify the spin axis
spinRpm1 = 0 ! Begin speed in rpm

spinRpm2 = 100000 ! End speed in rpm
begin_freq = spinRpm1/60 ! Equivalent begin frequency in Hz
end_freq = spinRpm2/60 ! Equivalent end frequency in Hz
antype, harmic ! Perform Harmonic analysis

hropt, full ! Select Full Harmonic analysis option
nsubst, 200
harfrq, begin_freq, end_freq ! Defines the frequency range
kbc, 1
dmpstr, 0.01 ! Specify damping ratio of 1%
synchro,,rot_part ! Specify synchronous analysis

cmomega,rot_part,spinRds ! Define the rotational velocity direction vector
coriolis,on,,, on ! Includes gyroscopic effect
solve
finish
Results and Discussion
7. Results and Discussion

The natural frequencies of the 2-D axisymmetric model without rotation are evaluated and compared
with the results of 3-D solid model in the following table.
Mode 2-D Axisymmetric Model 3-D Solid Model Error

# (Hz) (Hz) (%)
1 189.72 189.00 0.38
2 208.96 208.04 0.44
3 639.91 639.59 0.05
4 654.54 653.25 0.20
5 733.26 732.77 0.07
6 807 805.64 0.17
7 990.36 991.73 0.14
8 1780.5 1782.50 0.11
9 1781.1 1785.20 0.23
10 2016.9 2009.60 0.36
11 2092.6 2086.90 0.27
12 3291.7 3287.80 0.12
The natural frequencies of the 2-D axisymmetric model in rotation (50,000 rpm) also show good
agreement with the 3-D solid model results, as shown in the following table.
Mode 2-D Axisymmetric Model 3-D Solid Model Error

# (Hz) (Hz) (%)
1 169.07 168.25 0.49
2 232.54 231.75 0.34
3 627.97 627.19 0.12
4 652.32 651.39 0.14
5 752.14 751.59 0.07
6 808.51 807.25 0.16
7 990.36 991.73 0.14
8 1763.00 1766.00 0.17
9 1798.90 1802.00 0.17
10 1931.30 1923.50 0.41
11 2192.50 2187.60 0.22
12 3291.70 3287.80 0.12
The /POST1 results of the Campbell diagram analysis are shown in the figure that follows.
Figure 15: Campbell Diagram
Vaugh Rotor
3-D Solid Model
With the help of the Campbell diagram analysis, we can identify the forward (FW) and backward (BW)
whirls, as well as possible unstable frequencies (though none are present in this example). In the table
below, the whirls and natural frequencies of the 2-D axisymmetric model at maximum rotational speed
(100,000rpm) are compared with the 3-D solid model results.
Frequency (Hz)
Whirl 100000 RPM
Mode # 2-D Axisymmetric 3-D Solid Model 2-D Axisymmetric 3-D Solid Model
Model Model
1 BW BW 144.98 144.17
Frequency (Hz)
Whirl 100000 RPM
Mode # 2-D Axisymmetric 3-D Solid Model 2-D Axisymmetric 3-D Solid Model
Model Model
2 FW FW 264.59 263.92
3 BW BW 602.73 601.48
4 BW BW 649.45 648.72
5 FW FW 792.94 791.73
6 FW FW 814.48 813.99
7 FW BW 990.36 991.73
8 BW BW 1745.08 1748.14
9 FW FW 1817.30 1820.05
The Campbell diagram analysis helps to determine the critical speeds of the rotating structure (PRCAMP
). Critical speeds are compared in the table below. For a synchronous excitation, the critical speeds
correspond to the intersection points between the frequency curves and the 1.0 slope line. The critical
speeds of the 2-D axisymmetric and 3-D solid models show strong agreement.
Critical Speeds (RPM)

Mode 2-D Axisymmetric 3-D Solid Error
# Model Model (%)
1 11107.97 11064.65 0.39
2 12902.64 12847.70 0.43
3 37852.19 37812.80 0.10
4 39167.83 39107.83 0.15
5 45015.50 44982.13 0.07
6 48507.73 48431.91 0.16
7 59421.77 59503.56 0.14
8 none none -
9 none none -
The results of the unbalance response analysis post processed in /POST26 are shown in the following
figure. The logarithmic plots show the variation of the displacement amplitudes of two selected nodes
with respect to the frequency of excitation. The first node is located near the rigid disk, and it corresponds
to the light blue curve. The second node is located near the bearing location, and it corresponds to the
purple curve.
The critical frequencies appear where the amplitudes are largest, and correspond to the critical speeds.
Figure 16: Unbalance Response
Vaugh Rotor
3-D Solid Model
The orbits after a full harmonic analysis can be plotted in POST1 as shown in the figure below (PLORB
command). For the solid element as well as for the axisymmetric element model, we need to add
massless line elements using BEAM188 on the rotational velocity axis to plot these orbits. The orbits of
the 2-D axisymmetric model at a frequency of 1666.67 Hz are shown in the figure below. The rotor line
is in dark blue, while the orbits are in light blue.
The following input fragment shows the steps to produce an orbits plot at a given frequency:
/POST1
esel,r,ename,, 188 ! Select BEAM188 elements to produce orbits
set,1, 200 ! Visualize orbits at frequency 1666.67 Hz
/view,,1,1,1
plorb ! Displays the orbital motion of a rotating structure
Figure 17: Orbits Plot of 2-D Axisymmetric Model
7.1. Performance Benefits of the 2-D Axisymmetric Model

The memory and CPU usage of the 2-D model is shown in the following table.

Elements # Nodes # No. of Memory CPU Time
Equations required for (Sec)
in-core (MB)
Campbell
Diagram 53.283 17.30
Analysis
2208 6751 20225
Unbalance
Response 118.325 1347.53
Analysis
The memory and CPU usage of the 3-D model is shown in the following table.
Vaugh Rotor
3-D Solid Model
Elements # Nodes # No. of Memory CPU Time
Equations required for (Sec)
in-core (MB)
Campbell
Diagram 186.141 45.56
Analysis
9239 15123 45341
Unbalance
Response 605.464 4645.95
Analysis
The CPU times for the unbalance response analysis are represented in the following bar graph.
Figure 18: CPU Time of 2-D Axisymmetric and 3-D Solid Models (Unbalance Response Analysis)
8. Recommendations
• In the CAD geometry, identify the axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric parts. A non axisymmetric part should
be considered as follow:
– If inertia is negligible, create a non-rotating component based on this part. The gyroscopic effect will not
be taken into account.
– If inertia is not negligible, delete the part and create an equivalent axisymmetric geometry so that its
gyroscopic effects are included. The simplest way to do this is to add a point mass on the rotational velocity
axis. The point mass characteristics are based on the part mass and inertias. Keep in mind that the two
rotary inertias perpendicular to the rotational velocity axis must be equal to guaranty the axisymmetry.
• For 3-D and 2-D axisymmetric modeling, the geometry is sliced at rigid disks and bearing locations so that
those components are easily created and connected to remote points attached to the interfaces.
• When meshing a 2-D axisymmetric model using SOLID272 or SOLID273, choose an appropriate number of
Fourier nodes in the circumferential direction to ensure good accuracy and minimize the computational
cost. For typical rotordynamics problems in linear dynamics, three Fourier nodes are sufficient.
• When performing a Campbell diagram of a structure, always check the eigenfrequencies at zero rotational
velocity first. If the supports (e.g., bearings or boundary conditions) are symmetric, bending frequencies
should appear in pairs. If that is not the case in a 3-D model, try refining the mesh.
Input Files
• To perform the unbalance response analysis of 3-D and 2-D axisymmetric models, the unbalance response
is introduced using complex forces defined at a node on the rotational velocity axis. The unbalance response
may be defined using a point mass away from the rotational velocity axis only in the case of a nonlinear
transient analysis.
9. References
The following references are used in this example problem:
1. H.D. Nelson and J.M. Mc Vaugh. The Dynamics of Rotor-Bearing Systems Using Finite Elements. Journal of
Engineering For Industry. ASME. May 1976.
2. Beley, A., C. Rajakumar, P. Thieffry.“Computational Methods for Rotordynamics Simulation.” NAFEMS World
Congress, 2009.
10. Input Files

The following files were used in this problem:
2-D Axisymmetric Model Input
• 2-D_axi_symm.cdb -- The common database file for a 2-D axisymmetric model of the Nelson-Vaugh rotor.
• 2-D_axi_symm_campbell.dat -- Input file for performing a Campbell diagram analysis of the 2-D
axisymmetric model.
• 2-D_axi_symm_harm.dat -- Input file for performing an unbalance response analysis of the 2-D
axisymmetric model.
3-D Solid Model Input
• 3D_solid_model.cdb -- The common database file for a 3-D solid model of the Nelson-Vaugh rotor.
• 3D_solid_campbell.dat -- Input file for performing Campbell diagram analysis of the 3-D solid
model.
• 3D_solid_harm.dat -- Input file for performing unbalance response analysis of the 3-D solid model.

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Rotordynamics of a Shaft Assembly Based on a

Representative Model of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor

This problem demonstrates the following concepts and techniques:

• Axiharmonic meshing of a 3-D geometry

• Disc and bearing modeling

• Gyroscopic effects in rotating structures and modal analysis

• Campbell diagram analysis

• Determination of critical speeds

• Unbalance response analysis

• Performance benefits of 2-D axisymmetric models

Topics related to this example problem follow:

Figure 1: 3-D Geometry of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor

Figure 2: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry of Nelson-Vaugh Rotor

3.1. 3-D Modeling of Flexible Rotor Component

Figure 3: 3-D Model Meshed with SOLID187 Elements

1. Freeze the highlighted portion of the model shown below.

Figure 4: 3-D Geometry

Figure 5: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry Extracted from 3-D Geometry

Extracted 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry

Figure 6: 2-D Axisymmetric Geometry Meshed with SOLID272 Elements

Figure 8: 3-D View of SOLID272 Mesh

3.3. Disk and Bearing Modeling

3.3.1. Disk Modeling

Following is the general process for modeling the rigid disk:

3. Define a pilot node scoped to the surfaces.

4. Create a point mass at this pilot node.

et, 1, conta175 ! Define Contact 175 element

nsel, s, loc, x, 89.01 ! Select nodes at the user specified location

/com, Creating bonded contact pairs for defining Point Mass

*set, _npilot, 2 ! Set node 2 as a pilot node (user defined)

3.3.2. Modeling Bearings

Following is the general process for modeling the bearings:

Unit System Metric (mm, tonne, N)

Rotational Velocity rad/s

Density 7.85e-009 tonne mm-3

Mass (X, Y and Z directions) 1.401e-3 tonne

K11 = K22 3.503e+004 N/mm

5. Boundary Conditions and Loading

Figure 14: Boundary Conditions (3-D Solid Model)

3-D Solid Model

2-D Axisymmetric Model

/com, Applying rotating force in the clockwise direction.

F, nodeUnb, FY, -f0 ! Real FY component at node ' nodeUnb'

6. Analysis and Solution Controls

6.1. Modal Analysis

6.1.1. Modal Analysis without Gyroscopic Effects

antype, modal ! Perform Modal analysis

6.1.2. Modal Analysis with Gyroscopic Effects

/com, Select all the rotating elements supporting Coriolis command

/com, Specify rotational velocity to the structure/rotating elements.

/com, Activate Coriolis command and choose QRDAMP eigensolver

antype, modal ! Perform Modal analysis

6.2. Campbell Diagram Analysis

/com, Select all rotating elements supporting Coriolis command

/com, Activate Coriolis command and pick the QRDAMP eigensolver

antype, modal ! Perform Modal analysis

/com, Solve modal analysis for different angular velocities

spinRpm = 50000 ! Rotational velocity in rpm

spinRpm = 100000 ! Rotational velocity in rpm

/com, Post process the Campbell diagram plot

prcamp,, 1.0, rpm,, rot_part ! Prints Campbell diagram data

6.3. Unbalance Response Analysis

A structural damping coefficient of 1 percent is considered (DMPSTR).