P630 INTRODUCTION

©2006 Page 1 of 71
Issue A.3
3 November 2006

PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION:

MICOM P630 PROTECTION RELAYS

Location: Q:\P630_Tutorial\P630_intro.doc

OBJECTIVES:
To gain familiarisation of the menu structure, the setting files and programmable scheme logic of
the MiCOM PX30 relays
To provide a step by step guide to configuring and testing the differential function for a small
transformer.

T&D
Automation & Information Systems - St Leonards Avenue – Stafford – ST17 4LX – England
Tel: +44 (0)1785 223251 – Fax: +44 (0)1785 212232
AREVA T&D UK LTD. Registered Office: St Leonards Avenue – Stafford – ST17 4LX
Registered in England: 4955841
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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................4
1.1. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................4
1.2. QUICK START: I NEED TO KNOW ................................................................................4
1.3. SECTION ABSTRACTS ..................................................................................................4
2. LOCAL CONTROL .........................................................................................................5
2.1. FRONT PANEL ...............................................................................................................5
2.1.1. LCD & Keypad.................................................................................................................5
2.1.2. LED Indications ...............................................................................................................5
2.2. MENU STRUCTURE & NAVIGATION ............................................................................6
2.2.1. Structure – Top Level ......................................................................................................8
2.2.2. Structure - Parameters ....................................................................................................8
2.2.3. Structure - Operation .....................................................................................................10
2.2.4. Structure - Events..........................................................................................................11
2.3. MODIFYING PARAMETERS ........................................................................................12
2.3.1. Selecting Parameters ....................................................................................................12
2.3.2. Changing Parameters – Edit Mode ...............................................................................13
2.3.3. Default Condition: The Cold Restart..............................................................................14
2.3.4. Clearing the ‘Alarm’ LED ...............................................................................................15
2.3.5. Clearing the ‘Trip’ LED ..................................................................................................15
2.3.6. The ‘Out of Service’ LED ...............................................................................................16
3. S&R-103 SETTING SOFTWARE..................................................................................17
3.1. COMMUNICATING WITH THE RELAY ........................................................................17
3.1.1. Connections ..................................................................................................................17
3.1.2. Launching the Software.................................................................................................17
3.1.3. Checking Communication Settings................................................................................17
3.2. IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEVICE .............................................................................18
3.3. SETTING FILE EXTRACTION ......................................................................................19
3.4. DATA MODEL EXTRACTION .......................................................................................20
3.5. MODULE IDENTIFICATION..........................................................................................21
3.6. MODIFYING PARAMETERS ........................................................................................22
3.6.1. Selecting Parameters ....................................................................................................22
3.6.2. Changing Parameters ...................................................................................................22
4. SETTING CONFIGURATION........................................................................................24
4.1. STARTING POINT ........................................................................................................24
4.2. ENABLING PROTECTION............................................................................................25
4.2.1. Select function from the available list of functions.........................................................25
4.2.2. Enable function from the selected functions..................................................................26
4.2.3. Enable master protection enable...................................................................................27
4.3. CONFIGURING OUTPUT RELAYS ..............................................................................28
4.3.1. Mapping protection outputs as inputs to trip commands ...............................................29
4.3.2. Mapping trip command outputs to output relays............................................................30
4.3.3. *** Test Point 1 *** .........................................................................................................31
4.3.4. Minimum duration, latching and resetting of trip commands .........................................31
4.3.5. *** Test Point 2 *** .........................................................................................................32
4.3.6. Mapping the WATCHDOG contact................................................................................32
4.4. CONFIGURING OPTO-INPUTS ...................................................................................34
4.4.1. Mapping opto inputs as inputs to blocking commands ..................................................35
4.4.2. Mapping blocking command outputs to function inputs.................................................36
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4.4.3. *** Test Point 3 *** .........................................................................................................36

4.5. CONFIGURING LEDS ..................................................................................................37
4.5.1. Mapping LEDs to function and command outputs.........................................................37
4.5.2. *** Test Point 4 *** .........................................................................................................38
5. SCHEME LOGIC...........................................................................................................39
5.1. PSL EDITOR .................................................................................................................39
5.2. CONFIGURING LOGIC.................................................................................................39
5.2.1. LOGIC Configuration.....................................................................................................40
5.2.2. Map an Opto-Input to a LOGIC input signal ..................................................................40
5.2.3. Map the LOGIC input signal into a LOGIC function.......................................................41
5.2.4. Mapping LOGIC function outputs to protection function inputs .....................................42
5.2.5. Mapping a LOGIC function output into a Trip Command ..............................................42
5.2.6. *** Test Point 5 *** .........................................................................................................43
5.2.7. Timer Stage – Pick-Up, Drop-Off and Duration .............................................................43
5.3. VERIFYING THE LOGIC...............................................................................................44
6. FAULT RECORDER .....................................................................................................45
6.1. CONFIGURING THE FAULT RECORDER...................................................................45
6.1.1. Configuring the read key ...............................................................................................46
6.2. EXTRACTION OF FAULT DATA ..................................................................................47
6.3. CLEARING FAULT RECORDS.....................................................................................48
6.3.1. Clearing Fault Records from the Display.......................................................................48
6.3.2. Clearing Fault Records from the Relay Memory ...........................................................48
7. OPERATION, OVERLOAD AND FAULT PANEL ........................................................49
7.1. THE OPERATION PANEL (DISPLAYING MEASURMENTS) ......................................49
7.2. THE OVERLOAD PANEL..............................................................................................50
7.3. THE FAULT PANEL (DISPLAYING FAULT MEASURMENTS)....................................51
8. CONFIGURATION OF CYCLIC MEASUREMENTS ....................................................52

9. FILE COMPARISON AND CONVERSION ...................................................................54

9.1. FILE COMPARISON .....................................................................................................54
9.2. FILE CONVERSION......................................................................................................55
10. CONFIGURATION AND TEST OF A DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION SCHEME........58
10.1. SETTING THE ‘DIFF’ PROTECTION SCHEME ...........................................................58
10.1.1. Enable the DIFF function...............................................................................................58
10.1.2. System & Transformer Parameters ...............................................................................59
10.1.3. CT and VT Ratios ..........................................................................................................59
10.1.4. Differential Settings .......................................................................................................59
10.1.5. Configure the Trip Commands ......................................................................................60
10.1.6. Configure an Output Trip Relay, LEDs & Watchdog Contact ........................................60
10.1.7. Configure the Fault Recorder and the Operation & Fault Pages...................................60
10.2. TESTING THE DIFFERENTIAL BIAS CHARACTERISTIC ..........................................61
10.2.1. Reference Currents and CT Matching Factors..............................................................61
10.2.2. Spot Testing the Relay Settings ....................................................................................63
10.2.3. Testing the Differential Characteristic using Harmonised Relay Settings .....................66
11. MISCELLANEOUS .......................................................................................................69
11.1. ZERO SEQUENCE FILTERING....................................................................................69
11.2. VECTOR GROUP MATCHING FACTORS ...................................................................70
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1. INTRODUCTION
Protection devices in the MiCOM 30 Series are described in detail in the respective technical
manuals, as regards their technical merits, functional characteristics, and handling during
installation, connection, commissioning, and operation.
However, the technical manuals are very comprehensive due to the innumerable features of
MiCOM 30 Series devices. Unfamiliar users may have a hard time with learning how to operate a
device.

1.1. SCOPE
This document is intended to help those users get started. The intention is to accompany the user
through the initial stages of communication and setting support.
By learning those basic operating procedures, it is hoped that the user will be able to continue in
confidence, using the full technical manual for reference and this document for support.

1.2. QUICK START: I NEED TO KNOW

‘I have never used a Px30 relay’: Start at the beginning and work though the whole document.
’I have used Px30 relays before, but not the P630 range’: Start at section 10, which will help
you configure and test the differential function. Use the rest of the document for reference.
‘I don’t have the communications software, but I want to change some settings’: Section 2
describes operation via the relay front panel. Your ability to make more than trivial changes will be
limited.
‘The P63x relay is already set-up I just want to test it’: Start at section 10.2, which will guide
you through the test procedure.
‘What data model is my relay’: See sections 3.2 and 9.2 to determine what the relay model and
data model is, or look under the flap on the front of the relay.

1.3. SECTION ABSTRACTS

The following is an abstract of each of the following chapters:
Section 2: Details the local control of the Px30 relay, the menu structure and navigation and
how to modify parameters via the relay front panel.
Section 3: Details the communication and setting support software. Explains how to
communicate with the relay and change parameters via the communication port.
Section 4: Step by step guide on setting up a protection function (IDMT1), including opto input,
output relay and scheme logic assignments.
Section 5: The use and operation of the Scheme Logic feature. Configuring an intertrip signal
is used as an example.
Section 6: Explains the configuration of the Fault Recorder, including the extraction and
deletion of fault records.
Section 7: How to set up the default relay display panel, by configuration of the Operation,
Overload and Fault panels.
Section 8: Use of Cyclic Measurements through the setting software.
Section 9: The setting file utilities of comparison and conversion, which enable setting files to
be converted to different data models and comparisons made between setting files.
Section 10: Step by step guide to configuring and testing the Differential function by applying it
to a small transformer.
Section 11: Miscellaneous information.
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2. LOCAL CONTROL
2.1. FRONT PANEL
The front plate of the relay is as shown in Figure 2-1.

2.1.1. LCD & Keypad

• 20-character by 4-line alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD)
• 7-key keypad comprising 4 arrow keys ( , , and ),an enter key ( ), a clear
key ( ), and a read key ( ).
• 17 LED’s; 4 fixed function LED’s on the left-hand side of the front panel and 13 programmable
function LED’s.
• A 9-pin female D-type front port for communicating with a PC locally to the relay (up to 15m
distance) via an EIA (RS) 232 serial data connection.

2.1.2. LED Indications

• Trip LED (Red) - This indicates that the relay has issued a trip signal. It is reset when the fault
is removed from the relay and the front panel cleared.
• Alarm LED (Yellow) - Flashes to indicate that the relay has registered an alarm. It is reset when
the associated alarm is cleared from the relay.
• Out of service (Yellow) - Indicates the relay protection is not active, either the relay has had its
protection disabled or there are communications in progress.
• Healthy (Green) - Indicates that the relay is in correct working order, and should be on at all
times. It will be extinguished if the relay’s self-test facilities indicate that there is an error with
the relay’s hardware or software. This indication is also available via a dedicated watchdog
output relay.
• Edit Mode (Red) - The relay settings are being modified via the front panel.

MiCOM

TRIP H4 H5
ALARM H3 H6
OUT OF SERVICE H2 H7
HEALTHY H1 H8
EDIT H0 H9
C = CLEAR
C
G G H10
= READ G
H11
= ENTER H12
H13
G G
H14
G

H15
G H16

Figure 2-1 Relay Front Panel

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2.2. MENU STRUCTURE & NAVIGATION

The menu structure of the Px30 incorporates a comprehensive package of individual functions, in
order to permit an extensive and universal scope of application. This results in a huge number of
data points (setting values, signals, measured values, etc.) which are arranged in two ways.
ƒ Function Groups:
All data points are grouped into function groups according to the function they are associated
with. These groups have an related acronym for example MAIN, DIFF, IDMT etc...
ƒ Folders/Branches:
The data points within the function groups, are organised into different folders, based on the
logical control requirements. Folders can contain data points from a variety of function groups.
For a typical protection function, for example IDMT1 (over current protection 1), data points
associated with the IDMT1 function group may appear in many folders, dependant on the logical
nature of that setting. For example a configure parameter will appear in a different folder to a time
delay setting. It is the layout of these folders that forms the menu tree.

The description of all data points in this menu tree, is called the data model.
The values associated with each data point, is called the settings file.
To logically view a settings file you need the data model. Fortunately this can be extracted from
the relay directly, if it is not available in the setting software, see section 3.4.
The menu tree begins with the device type at the top and then branches out below into the three
main folders entitled, Parameters, Operation and Events, which form the first folder level. Below
this first folder level are two more folder levels, so that the entire folder structure consists of three
main branches and a maximum of three folder levels. After this the logical structure falls naturally
into the function groups, which forms the lowest logical organisation of data points.
This structure is shown in Figure 2-2.
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Figure 2-2 Front Panel Menu Structure

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2.2.1. Structure – Top Level

The structure of the settings is best observed through the S&R-103 software detailed in section 3.
A typical menu tree is as shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3 Typical Menu Tree

An informal description of each folder from a users point of view follows:
►Parameters
This branch contains all setting parameters, including relay identification data, the
configuration parameters for adapting the relay protection to the system and the function
parameters for adapting relays functions, for example input/output to the protection
scheme. All values are stored in non-volatile memory.
►Operation
This branch contains all the information regarding operation, such as measurement
operating data and signal states. This information is updated periodically and consequently
not stored.
In addition there are various control parameters, for example those to reset counters,
memory storage and displays.
►Events
This branch is reserved for recording of events and fault records captured during operation.
They can be accessed through this folder at a later stage.

2.2.2. Structure - Parameters

►Parameters
The structure of the parameters menu tree is shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 Parameters Menu Tree

Parameters contains three folders:
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►DeviceID
This branch contains all the information regarding the relay type and version , for example
software, language and hardware versions.
►Config.parameters
This branch contains two types of ‘settings’, contained within individual function groups.
i. Settings to enable configuration of relay I/O, comms and the fault recorder.
ii. A complete list of protection and control functions that contain a single configuration
status that can be enabled or disabled. This makes the corresponding settings for
that function visible in the ►Function parameters►General functions branch.
►Function parameters
The menu structure of this branch is shown in Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5 Function parameters Menu Tree

Function parameters contains six folders:
►Global
This branch contains settings that act upon all enabled control or protection functions.
►General functions
This branch contains all the enabled functions configured in the ►Config.parameters
branch. The settings available are presented in function groups and are the common
settings for the functions presented in each Parameter subset X1.
►Parameter subset X 1
These branches contain the subset (setting group) specific function settings. This enables
functions to be configured differently for each subset.

1
X represents the subset number.
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2.2.3. Structure - Operation

►Operation
The structure of the operation menu tree is shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6 Operation Menu Tree

Operation contains three folders:
►Cyclic measurements
The menu structure for this branch is shown in Figure 2-7.

Figure 2-7 Cyclic measurements Menu Tree

Cyclic measurements contains three folders:
►Meas.operating data
This branch contains the measurements that are taken by the relay. As more protection
functions are enabled, then any bespoke protection measurements become available
(organised in their function groups).
►Phys. state signals
This branch contains the state of all the physical signals that are present in the relay. This
can be hardware dependant but will consist (as a minimum) of LEDs, inputs and outputs.
►Log. state signals
This branch contains the logical signal states. This consists of for example, the state of the
blocking inputs to the enabled protections and command inputs to the general relay control
functions. The list becomes greater as more functions are enabled.
►Control and testing
This branch contains settings that allow the control and testing of certain functions. For
example the testing of individual output relays and the control of the event recording (i.e.
resetting/deleting).
►Operating data rec.
This branch displays the condition of the monitoring and operating data recorders.
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2.2.4. Structure - Events

►Events
The structure of the events menu tree is shown in Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8 Events Menu Tree

Events contains three folders:
►Event counters
This folder displays the number of events that have taken place. The events are
categorised by the function group that the counter belongs to.
►Measured Fault Data
This folder contains the actual data recorded during a fault condition. The categorisation
depends on the function group.
►Event records
This folder contains details of the types of events that have occurred. Once again the
categorisation depends on the function group.
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2.3. MODIFYING PARAMETERS

This section details the process of selecting and changing parameters and contains some useful
functions that users may want to undertake.

2.3.1. Selecting Parameters

All data points (setting values, signals, measured values, etc.) are selected using the menu tree.
As the user navigates through the menu tree, the first two lines of the LCD display always show the
branch of the menu tree that is active, as selected by the user.
The data points are accessed at the lowest level of a menu tree branch. They are displayed with
their plain text description. The value associated with the selected data point, its meaning, and
their units of measurement are displayed in the line below.
The desired parameter (e.g. ‘MiCOM Px3x/Parameters/Config.paramters/LOC/Decimal delimiter’)
can be selected by pressing the keys ‘Left’, ‘Right’, ‘Up’ and ‘Down’:
Note: In the case that the scrolling default is displayed, please press the ENTER key first in order
to access the menu tree.
Note: If the display text is not present and numerical cell references are visible then press, the
CLEAR key and the LEFT ARROW together to change the display mode.

MiCOM Px3x

MiCOM Px3x
Parameters

Par/ Par/
Device ID Config.parameters

Par/Conf/
LOC

Par/Conf/LOC Par/Conf/LOC
Language (tongue) Decimal delimiter
English dot

Figure 2-9 Selecting Parameters

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2.3.2. Changing Parameters – Edit Mode

Although it is possible to select any data point in the menu tree and read the associated value by
pressing the keys, it is not possible to switch directly to the ‘Edit’ mode. This safeguard prevents
unintended changes in the settings. To access edit mode the password has to be entered.
Changing a parameter (e.g. ‘MiCOM Px3x/Parameters/Config.paramters/LOC/Decimal delimiter’):

Note: Edit mode can be left without changing a parameter by pressing the CLEAR key instead of
the ENTER key.

Par/Conf/LOC
Decimal delimiter
Dot

Enter the input mode

Par/Conf/LOC
Decimal delimiter
Dot
********

Enter the password

and confirm

Par/Conf/LOC
Decimal delimiter
Dot

Change the parameter value

Par/Conf/LOC
Decimal delimiter
Comma

Leave the input mode

by accepting the change
Par/Konf/VOB
Decimal delimiter
Comma

Figure 2-10 Changing Parameters

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2.3.3. Default Condition: The Cold Restart

The actual settings status is difficult for the user to quickly establish and this can cause problems.
It is often easier to restore the relay to its default condition; this is achieved via a cold restart.
Prior to initialising a cold restart, ensure that the device protection is disabled.
(‘MiCOM Px3x/Parameters/Function.parmeters/Global/MAIN/Protection enabled’):

Par/Func/Glob/MAIN
Protection enabled
No (=off)

If the device is disabled, a cold restart can be initialised

(‘MiCOM Px3x/Operation/Control and Testing/MAIN/Cold restart’):

Oper/CrtlTest/MAIN
Cold restart
don't execute

Change the value to ‘execute’ by the procedure described in section 2.3.2.

Oper/CrtlTest/MAIN
Cold restart
execute

Then press the ENTER key and the device will reboot:

********************
**** REBOOT *****
********************
********************

TEST
>>>>>>>>

After a cold restart any non default settings have been deleted and all records have been cleared.
All parameters are set to their default value.
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2.3.4. Clearing the ‘Alarm’ LED

Once the relay has rebooted, the Alarm LED will be ‘on’, this is because of the deliberate distortion
of the parameter checksum, which has been used to initiate the desired cold restart.
To clear the alarm the corresponding entry has to be readout of the monitoring signal memory.
(MiCOM Px3x/Operation/Operating data rec./MT_RC/Mon. signal record.’):

Oper/Rec/MT_RC
Mon. signal record.

Mon. signal record. Mon. signal record.

01.01.97 08:43 SFMON 01.01.97 08:43 SFMON
Checksum error param Cold restart

In order to switch off the ALARM LED, clear the monitoring signal memory.
(‘MiCOM Px3x/Operation/Control and Testing/MT_RC/Reset recording’):

Oper/CrtlTest/MT_RC
Reset recording
2

Change the value to ‘execute’ by the procedure described in section 2.3.2.

Oper/CrtlTest/MT_RC
Reset recording
2
execute

Press the ENTER key. The number of entries in the monitoring signal memory will be changed to
‘0’ and the ALARM LED will go ‘off’:

Oper/CrtlTest/MT_RC
Reset recording
0

2.3.5. Clearing the ‘Trip’ LED

If the relay has tripped, the Trip LED will be ‘on’. If the fault condition is still present, the LED will
remain illuminated. However if the fault condition is no longer applied, then the trip LED can be
reset by clearing the display. Press the CLEAR key twice, at the default display.
If you are having difficulty with the default display once a trip has occurred, refer to section 6.3.1.
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2.3.6. The ‘Out of Service’ LED

After a reboot of the relay the ‘Out of Service’ LED may be on. In order to switch off the LED and
return the relay to an enabled state. The corresponding parameter has to be modified.
(MiCOM Px3x/Parameters/Function.parameters/Global/Main’):

Par/Func/Glob/MAIN
Protection enabled
Yes (=on)

Note: The ‘Out of Service’ LED, may occur for the following reasons there have to be corrected
before the LED can be extinguished.

i. Output relays must not be blocked:

Par/Func/Glob/OUTP
Outp.rel.block USER
No

ii. The device must be enabled generally as described above:

Par/Func/Glob/MAIN
Protection enabled
Yes (=on)

iii. Trip commands may not be blocked:

Par/Func/Glob/MAIN
Trip cmd.block. USER
No

The ‘Out of Service’ LED may occur due to the self-monitoring function, which has detected an
internal fault of the device. In that case the ALARM LED is also energised. Readout the
corresponding entries in the monitoring signal memory, as described in section 2.3.4 and rectify
the situation.
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3. S&R-103 SETTING SOFTWARE

MiCOM Px30 series devices can be operated via the S&R-103 software, within the MiCOM S1
suite of software.

3.1. COMMUNICATING WITH THE RELAY

3.1.1. Connections
Power the relay, ensuring that the appropriate auxiliary voltage has been selected. Plug in the
serial connection lead between the computer and the 9-pin port on the front of the relay. This is
shown in below in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1 Communication Connections

3.1.2. Launching the Software

Select the MiCOM S1 software and launch the application. Select the Front Port
Communications Interface and navigate up one option to PX30. Select the Settings Software
S&R-103 on the left-hand side.

3.1.3. Checking Communication Settings

Prior to attempting communication with the device, open the dialog box Communications-
>Communication Settings. Verify that the following settings are selected, see Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2 Communication Settings Options

ƒ Link Type - Direct
ƒ Serial Interface – ‘the correct COMM port is selected’
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3.2. IDENTIFICATION OF THE DEVICE

To commence communications with the relay, open the dialog box Communications->Identify
Device, shown in Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3 Identify Device

Ensure that the settings of Baud Rate, Bay Address and Parity are equal to the settings of the
device. Also verify that the following configuration parameters on the relay are as follows, if
communication cannot be established.

Par/Conf/PC Par/Conf/PC Par/Conf/PC

Name of manufacturer Bay address Device address
ALSTOM D 1 1

Par/Conf/PC Par/Conf/PC Par/Conf/PC

Baud rate Parity bit Spontan. sig. enable
19.2 kBaud Even None

Par/Conf/PC
Transm.enab.cycl.dat
Without

Once these settings have been confirmed press the Identify button and the S&R-103 will start
communicating with the relay. The S&R-103 will scan each baud rate looking for the relay.
If communication is successful, the following screen shown in Figure 3-4 will be displayed.
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Figure 3-4 About the Device

3.3. SETTING FILE EXTRACTION

To extract the settings file, use the Setting File button shown in Figure 3-4. The extracted setting
file will then be displayed as shown in Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5 Extracted Setting File

This file can then be modified accordingly.
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3.4. DATA MODEL EXTRACTION

If an older version of MiCOM S1 is being used, it is possible that the data model that the relay is
using is not present in the S&R-103 software.

Figure 3-6 Data Model Not Found

If this is the case, then it is possible to extract the data model from the relay, Communication-
>Read Data Model. Save the data model in the default folder specified.

Figure 3-7 Data Model Extraction

A new settings file can then be created manually, File-New.

Figure 3-8 New Settings File

Select Setting File and then select the correct relay model and data model type, according to the
relay model, shown by performing an identify device, see Figure 3-4, or from the relay model
number on the device. If you choose an incompatible model type then you might be able to
convert it at a later time, see section 9.

Figure 3-9 Data Model Selection

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3.5. MODULE IDENTIFICATION

The number of available inputs and outputs of any MiCOM PX30 device varies on the optional
modules that are fitted. If the settings file has been opened from a default data model, then the
S&R-103 software will display the maximum, because the design version of the particular device is
unknown.
It is always recommended that the design version is extracted from the relay to avoid the possibility
of assignment to hardware that is not present in the actual relay. If this is not possible then the
number of inputs and outputs can be selected manually by selecting the Definition button, shown
in Figure 3-10. If the model configuration is not known, then only use relays and opto inputs on the
power supply module, which will obviously always be present.
To extract the detail of the fitted modules, open the dialog box by accessing Tools->Design
Version. Then select the Update button to configure the settings file.

Figure 3-10 Design Version

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3.6. MODIFYING PARAMETERS

This section explains how to modify settings via the communication interface.

3.6.1. Selecting Parameters

To select different setting parameters, navigate the directory tree by left clicking the folders. At the
lowest point on the menu tree, the function group will be visible and then the function point can be
selected in the right window pain.
Using the example in 2.3.1, the Decimal Delimiter data point has been selected, as shown in
Figure 3-11.

Figure 3-11 Selecting a Data Point

3.6.2. Changing Parameters

To change a data point, double click on the setting and a dialog box will appear as shown in Figure
3-12.

Figure 3-12 Setting Dialog Box

Select the new setting from the available list of options and click ok.
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The dialog box will disappear and the setting window will show a red star next to the setting to
indicate that is has changed from the original setting file. This is shown in Figure 3-13.

Figure 3-13 Changing a Data Point

To send the new setting to the relay, right click the setting and the options shown in Figure 3-14
will appear.

Figure 3-14 Right Click Options

Select send to relay and the setting will be downloaded to the relay. If the file is saved the red star
will disappear.
If you make setting changes and forget to download them, then you can right click any folder in the
left hand window and send the entire folder to the relay. If you right click the highest level folder
‘MiCOM P63X’, then the entire setting file will be downloaded to the relay.
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4. SETTING CONFIGURATION
The configuration options of the PX30 range of relays is vast and extremely flexible. However this
adds to the complexity of the relay and reduces the simplicity of the user interface. It is therefore
highly recommended to attempt setting configuration and changes via the communication port
using the S&R-103 software.
In this section a single function will be enabled and configured to drive an output relay, with an opto
input configured as a block. These functions cover the primary operations that a user may wish to
accomplish.
The function that will be enabled is over current protection (IDMT1).

4.1. STARTING POINT

The most suitable starting point is a default starting point, achieved by performing a cold restart,
see section 2.3.3, which will place the relay into its default settings, or start with a new default
settings file. If the relay is available, update the hardware configuration by performing a Module
Identification, see section 3.5.
The relay should be reset, resulting in only the Healthy LED remaining illuminated. If this is not the
case, refer back to section 2.3.
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4.2. ENABLING PROTECTION

The following steps are required to enable a protection function.

4.2.1. Select function from the available list of functions

Locate the function group IDMT1, select the With option and send to the relay.

The function group should now be visible in the following two locations:
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4.2.2. Enable function from the selected functions

Activate the function in each of the following two locations.
Locate General enable USER, select Yes and send to the relay. Leave the selected input at End
a (the HV side).

Locate Enable PS1, select Yes and send to the relay. This is where the individual setting group
protection settings can be configured. The function default is No in the remaining subsets 2-4.

Locate the setting Min. trip t. P. This is the minimum trip time; change the setting to zero for
instantaneous operation.
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4.2.3. Enable master protection enable.

Check the ‘Out of Service’ LED status. If making setting changes via the front port then this setting
must be disabled ‘off’. However, we are making changes via the communications so the setting
can be enabled ‘on’. If the ‘out of service’ LED is illuminated then enable the protection by
following section 2.3.6, also described below.
Locate Protection enabled, select Yes and send to the relay. If the ‘Out of Service’ LED was
enabled, it should be extinguished.

The protection function is now enabled; however the protection function outputs need to be
configured.
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4.3. CONFIGURING OUTPUT RELAYS

There are different ways to configure output relays.
i. Directly map a protection/control function output to an output relay. The
disadvantage is that only one input can drive the output relay.

ii. Map a protection/control function output into a ‘Tripping’ command and then map
this to an output relay. This is normally perfectly adequate for most applications and
will be described within this section.

iii. Use the ‘LOGIC’ feature. This is more flexible for complex implementations; this
function will be described in section 5. LOGIC should not be used for mapping trip
outputs, see section 5 for further information.
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4.3.1. Mapping protection outputs as inputs to trip commands

To map protection outputs to trip commands, locate Fct.assign.trip cmd.1. Configure the
required outputs from the protection, as inputs to trigger trip cmd.1. There are three stages,
positive and negative sequence current and a residual current stage. Choose the positive
sequence stage IDMT1 tIref, P> elapsed. If other protection functions were enabled then their
outputs would also be available for selection as inputs to the trip command function.

Press ok and a red star should appear next to the setting.

Now the trip command output needs to be mapped to an output relay.

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4.3.2. Mapping trip command outputs to output relays

We will use output relay 01 (K901) on the power supply module (might be K2001). The contact is
normally opened.

Locate Fct. assignm. K901. The following relevant assignment options could be applied.

Assignment Option Description

MAIN Gen. trip command 1
MAIN Gen. trip signal 1
MAIN Gen. trip signal
Output of trip command 1 with the application of timing functions
if required see section 4.3.4.
The direct output of trip command 1, will ignore any timing
functions applied to the trip command.
The logical ‘OR’ of all trip signals (1-4).

Choose MAIN Gen. trip command 1. Notice that it is possible to assign the protection output
directly.

The protection function is now configured to an output relay.

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4.3.3. *** Test Point 1 ***

The function can now be tested.
Slowly increase the three phase current (up to 1A) on the HV side, until the output relay is heard to
operate and the trip indication LED is illuminated. Slowly decrease the current until the output
relay is heard to reset. Press the CLEAR key twice on the front panel to reset the trip LED.

4.3.4. Minimum duration, latching and resetting of trip commands

The trip commands can be latched or assigned a minimum duration (shown below). We will assign
a minimum duration. (Note that this could also be achieved through the protection settings, section
4.2.2.

To assign a minimum duration locate Min. dur. trip cmd. 1. Select 1s and send to relay.
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4.3.5. *** Test Point 2 ***

Apply an over current condition and now the relay can be heard to remain operated for 1 second
for any fault condition applied for ≤ to 1 second.

4.3.6. Mapping the WATCHDOG contact

It is always good practice to map a watchdog contact to enable the relay to indicate its ‘healthy’
condition to a monitoring (SCADA) system.
Locate the following relay K908 (might be K2008), which is the relay nearest the power supply
inputs. Assign this contact to MAIN Blocked/faulty.

The watchdog contact is conventionally a normally closed contact, which is energised closed by
the relay, hence if the relay powers off or there is an auxiliary supply problem then the contact will
naturally open communicating a problem. Therefore modify the corresponding relay contact
setting.
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The relay can also monitor its output contacts to verify that operation has taken place, when the
relay logic commands an operation.
Locate MAIN Fct. assign. fault. Assign this contact to the trip relay output and any other relay
outputs as necessary. There are also settings for the current circuit supervision and failures of
complete hardware modules.
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4.4. CONFIGURING OPTO-INPUTS

There are different ways of configuring opto inputs.
i. Directly map an opto input to a protection/control function. The disadvantage is that
only one relay input can drive the protection function.

ii. Map an opto input through the ‘Blocking’ command. This is normally perfectly
adequate for most applications and will be described within this section.

iv. Use the ‘LOGIC’ feature. This is more flexible for complex implementations; this
function will be described in section 5.
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4.4.1. Mapping opto inputs as inputs to blocking commands

We will use opto input U901 (might be U2001) on the power supply board, however any available
input would be acceptable.
Locate Fct.assign.U901. Select MAIN Blocking 1 EXT and send to the relay.

This has mapped the opto input as an input into this blocking command. Any other opto inputs can
also be mapped to this command. Notice that it is possible to assign the opto input to
protection/control inputs directly, such as IDMT1 Block Iref, P> EXT, which can be used to block
the IDMT1 positive sequence over current protection.
Next we have to decide if this input is active ‘high’ or active ‘low’, these settings are in the same
location.

Locate Oper. Mode U901. The default should be ‘high’.

Now the blocking command output needs to be mapped to a function input.
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4.4.2. Mapping blocking command outputs to function inputs

Locate Fct. assign. block 1. Choose IDMT1 Block tIref, P> EXT, which is our block input for the
positive sequence over current.

If other protection functions were enabled, then any number of protection block inputs could be
assigned to the blocking command.

The opto input is now configured to the protection block input through the blocking command 1.

4.4.3. *** Test Point 3 ***

The function can now be tested. Remove any latching or excessive minimum durations that have
been set on the trip command.
With the opto not energised, slowly increase the current until the output relay is heard to set and
the trip indication LED is illuminated. Slowly decrease the current until the output relay is heard to
reset. Press the CLEAR key twice on the front panel, to reset the trip LED.
Either energise the opto, or configure the opto to be active ‘low’ and reapply the fault condition.
The protection will now be blocked and the output contact will not operate.
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4.5. CONFIGURING LEDS

LEDs can be mapped to the output of entities such as, protection function, system indications and
blocking and trip commands. Some LEDs have fixed inputs like, Healthy, Alarm etc..
The LEDs have six functions of operation, the first set being ES (active illuminated), that either
follows the input, latches until manual intervention, latches until fault or latches until system
disturbance. The second set is NE (active off), which either follows the inverse of the input or
latches until manual intervention. We will use the default and simplest option, active illuminated
following the input.

4.5.1. Mapping LEDs to function and command outputs

The mapping of the LEDs can be either through direct mapping into functions, through trip or
blocking commands or via the LOGIC functions.
The following assignment options could be applied.

Assignment Option Description

IDMT1 Started Iref, P> This is the started indication, from the IDMT function that has
been applied.
IDMT1 Iref, P> elapsed This is the trip indication, given once the applied time delay
(either DT or IDMT) has expired.

To enable multiple driving signals to be applied, a composite signal should be mapped.

MAIN Gen. trip command 1
MAIN Gen. trip signal 1
MAIN Gen. trip signal
MAIN General started
Output of trip command 1 with the application of timing functions
if required see section 4.3.4.
The output of trip command 1, which ignores any timing
functions applied to the trip command.
The logical ‘OR’ of all trip commands (1-4).
The logical ‘OR’ of all start outputs.
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Select the LED Fct. Assignm. H*, (where * is 5-16) and select the input desired and send to relay.
H4 can be configured, but by default it is set to illuminate on a protection trip.

4.5.2. *** Test Point 4 ***

Remove the opto input block signal and apply the fault condition. The LEDs should illuminate as
configured.
Try changing the LED operating modes and observe the behaviour.
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5. SCHEME LOGIC
The scheme logic is a powerful feature that enables users to link binary signals within a framework
of Boolean equations.
It is important to remember that although the scheme logic is flexible, it can slow down signals due
the additional computation required. This means that trip signals (if at all possible) should not be
assigned through LOGIC. Output relays should be driven by trip commands and the protection
trip signals should be gated with LOGIC output, within the trip commands.
Only a basic use of LOGIC is shown here, refer to the manual for further applications.

5.1. PSL EDITOR

The programmable scheme logic is similar to the Px40 series equivalent, except that the flow of
information can flow from ‘left to right’ or ‘right to left’ through the symbols. Therefore
understanding if a symbol generates or accepts a signal is required.
The constraints on signals are also not clear – you cannot AND two inputs directly into an output
contact. This is not allowed in settings and therefore not allowed in the PSL, although there is not
an immediate indication of this. Therefore the PSL editor is a tool that is best used to view and
verify settings, rather than create the settings directly.
The PSL editor can be used without the LOGIC function enabled.

5.2. CONFIGURING LOGIC

To make use of the LOGIC function it first has to be enabled.

Locate the function group LOGIC, select the With option and send to the relay.
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5.2.1. LOGIC Configuration

The logic function consists primarily of the input & outputs shown below.

A Any number of input signals can be configured as inputs with the boolean functions ‘AND’,
‘OR’ and ‘NOT’.
B The logic outputs are available for use in the Trip or Blocking Command functions or any
other LOGIC functions and they can be mapped to relay outputs. The timing functions can
be used to affect the pick-up, drop-off or duration of the output signal LOGIC Output (t) in
comparison to the signal LOGIC Output.
C The outputs can also be assigned directly to any internal functions such as blocking or
control signal inputs.

5.2.2. Map an Opto-Input to a LOGIC input signal

For this example, an opto-input is required to accept an intertrip signal, map this through the
LOGIC function and OR it with the IDMT1 trip already established to operate the output contact.
However this intertrip signal will also be used to block the IDMT1 protection function.
Set U902 (or U2002) to LOGIC Input 1 EXT.

The opto-input is now configured to a LOGIC input signal.

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5.2.3. Map the LOGIC input signal into a LOGIC function

Locate Fct. assignm. outp. 1 and set it to LOGIC Input 1 EXT.

The LOGIC input signal 1 is now mapped into the LOGIC function 1.

No locate Op. mode t output 1 and set it to Minimum time, which makes the LOGIC output
signals identical; this is required because within the trip commands, only the (t) signals are
available for mapping.
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5.2.4. Mapping LOGIC function outputs to protection function inputs

Locate Sig. assig. outp. 1 and set it to IDMT1 Block. tIref, P> EXT.

The LOGIC function 1 signal output is now mapped to the IDMT1 protection blocking signal.

5.2.5. Mapping a LOGIC function output into a Trip Command

Locate Fct. assig. trip cmd. 1 and add the setting LOGIC Ouput 1 (t).

When either the opto input or IDMT function operate then a trip output will occur.
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5.2.6. *** Test Point 5 ***

This new functionality can now be tested.
Energise the second opto U902 (or U2002) and the output relay will be heard operating.
Independently verify that the IDMT1 function still operates the output relay by applying an over
current fault.
Try mapping an LED to the LOGIC Input.

5.2.7. Timer Stage – Pick-Up, Drop-Off and Duration

The LOGIC function has a comprehensive timer function which can be used to affect the pick-up,
drop-off, duration and pulse of the LOGIC output (t) signal.
Change these settings and observe the behaviour of the inter-tripping signal.

Consult with the manual to verify their behaviour.

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5.3. VERIFYING THE LOGIC

Open the PSL editor from the View column and verify the logic that has just been configured.
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6. FAULT RECORDER
The fault recorder can be used to record the analogue and digital channels, when a trigger signal is
received.

6.1. CONFIGURING THE FAULT RECORDER

By default all the analogue and digital channels are suitably assigned. However the function needs
to be enabled by assigning a trigger signal.
Locate FT_RC Fct. assign. Trigger and set to MAIN Gen. trip signal and send to relay.

The fault recorder will now start recording when a trip signal is initiated.
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6.1.1. Configuring the read key

To access fault records more quickly via the relay front panel, the read key can be assigned as a
quick access key.
Locate LOC Assignment read key and select FT_RC Fault recording 1.

Fault records can be accessed by pressing the read key at the relay default display.
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6.2. EXTRACTION OF FAULT DATA

To extract a fault record, select Readout of Fault in the Communication column.

Select the fault record.

Follow the instructions and save the file in comtrade format for viewing.
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6.3. CLEARING FAULT RECORDS

6.3.1. Clearing Fault Records from the Display

The simplest method for clearing fault records from the display, is to access them using the read
key as detailed in section 6.1.1, then return to the default display by repeatedly pressing the up
arrow key.
The fault panel should then disappear and the operation panel should then be observable.
If the operation panel is not visible, press the ‘clear’ and ‘up arrow’ key simultaneously to toggle
between the default display and the operation panel.

6.3.2. Clearing Fault Records from the Relay Memory

To clear the fault records, the following location needs to be accessed via the front panel or
through the communications S&R-103.
Change the setting to execute and send to the relay. Remember to change the setting back to
don’t execute. (This is not necessary via the front panel)
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7. OPERATION, OVERLOAD AND FAULT PANEL

7.1. THE OPERATION PANEL (DISPLAYING MEASURMENTS)
The relay has numerous measurements that are available for observation. The full list of available
measurements can be seen offline at the following location.

There are various ways of observing these measurements. Via the relay front panel at the location
given above, or by configuration of cyclic measurements using the S&R-103 software as described
in section 7.2.
The relay can also be configured to display default measurements on the display. Locate Fct.
Operation Panel and select the required measurements from the list.
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These measurements will now scroll round at the default display, for the period indicated by the
setting Hold-time for Panels, after an initial duration of Autom. Return time, highlighted below.

If a current is applied to the relay, the measurement can now be seen on the front panel, however
if this current is a fault current, then the quantity displayed will read ‘Not measured’. This is
because a fault is in progress and to read these currents the fault panel requires configuration, see
section 7.3.
To activate the default display, without having to wait for the Autom. Return time to expire, press
the up arrow and the clear key simultaneously.

7.2. THE OVERLOAD PANEL

The overload panel automatically displays in place of another data panel, when there has been an
overload. The panel remains on display until the overload ends, unless a fault occurs, in which
case the fault panel will be displayed (if it is configured).
To configure the overload panel, locate Fct. Overload Panel and select the required
measurements from the list.

The measurements will scroll round the display in an identical way to the operation panel during
the overload.
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7.3. THE FAULT PANEL (DISPLAYING FAULT MEASURMENTS)

The fault panel is displayed in place of another panel when there is a fault, provided that at least
one measurement value has been configured. The fault panel remains on display until the LED
indicators or the fault memories are reset. Locate Fct. Fault Panel and select the required
measurements from the list.

The measurements will scroll round the display in an identical way to the operation panel.
See section 6 for details on configuring the fault recorder and clearing records.
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8. CONFIGURATION OF CYCLIC MEASUREMENTS

Cyclic measurements is a feature within the S&R-103 software that enables a relay to be polled for
measurements. This is a very useful tool that allows measurements to be read form the relay,
without having to interrogate the relay directly.
To configure cyclic measurements, select Cyclic Readout of Data form the Communication
column.

An option box will appear; select configure and select the measurements from the list that are
required.

Select OK and then select Start and the measurements will appear.
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The list can be saved to avoid reconfiguration each time the feature is utilised.
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9. FILE COMPARISON AND CONVERSION

The following functions can be performed on a settings file, using the S&R103 software.

9.1. FILE COMPARISON

This function will accept two settings files and display the differences. This function is very useful
for quickly determining the differences in settings, between two seemingly identical files.
Select Tools and Compare Settings File from the menu.

Then select the reference file with respect to one that is already open.

The number of deviations will then be displayed, if any. The file can then be opened and the
deviations read.

In this example it can be seen that the CT ratios are different between the two files.
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9.2. FILE CONVERSION

If the full model number is not known, then it might not be possible to select the correct setting file.
If for example, the only information available is P633, then it is not known what data model version
is required, but fortunately the setting files can be converted between data models. If the data
model is not known, select the latest possible German derivative and select the regional language
to be English.
For example P633 – 605 German
Select Tools and Program Settings form the menu.

Check that the language of the data model is set to Reference Language English
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The settings file can then be configured. If however when the file is downloaded to the relay, a
message is displayed informing that the data model is incorrect, perform a relay identification as
detailed in section 3.2. This will result in the following information with the data model version
displayed.

The setting file is 605 but the relay is 603. Close the dialog box so that only the settings file is
open and select Tools and Convert Settings File from the menu
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Select a name and location for the newly converted file. And then select the data model version
that the file is to be converted to, in this case P633 – 603 German.

A file compare is then performed automatically (see section 9.1) and the option to observe the
deviations is given. The new file can then be opened and downloaded successfully to the relay.
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10. CONFIGURATION AND TEST OF A DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

SCHEME
The primary protection function on a P63x is the differential protection. This protection function will
now be configured and tested from a default file.
A P633 (3 winding transformer relay) has been used in this example. The b & c ends have been
combined to enable a simple two winding example, therefore only two winding are described.

10.1. SETTING THE ‘DIFF’ PROTECTION SCHEME

Parameter Setting
Frequency 50Hz
VT Primary Voltage 3.3kV
HV CT Primary Current 400A
HV Neutral CT Primary Current 400A
LV CT Primary Current 3000A
LV Neutral CT Primary Current 3000A
VT Secondary Voltage 110V
HV CT Secondary Current 1A
HV Neutral CT Secondary Current 1A
LV CT Secondary Current 1A
LV Neutral CT Secondary Current 1A
Transformer HV Voltage 3.3kV
Transformer LV Voltage 0.42kV
Transformer Rating 2MVA
Transformer Group Dny11
First stage current setting 0.1
Second stage current setting 11
Third stage current setting 11

10.1.1. Enable the DIFF function

Enable protection functions
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►Protection enabled… Change to yes (= on)
Make the DIFF function available
►Parameters►Config.parameters►DIFF►Function Group DIFF… Change to With
Enable the DIFF function
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global functions►DIFF►General enable USER… Change to yes
Enable the DIFF function in setting group 1
►Parameters►Function parameters►Parameter subset 1►DIFF►Enable PS1… Change to yes
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10.1.2. System & Transformer Parameters

Enter the system frequency
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►Nominal frequ. fnom… Set to 50Hz
Enter the transformer voltages (not CT ratios)
►Parameters►Function parameters►General functions►MAIN►
Vnom. prim., end a… Set to 3.3kV
Vnom. prim., end b… Set to 0.4kV
Evaluation IN, end a… Set to Calculated
Evaluation IN, end b… Set to Calculated
Enter the transformer parameters
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►DIFF►
Reference power Sref… Set to 2MVA
Vector grp. Ends a-b… Set to 11

10.1.3. CT and VT Ratios

Enter the CT and VT ratios
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►
Inom C.T.prim., end a… Set to 400A
Inom C.T.prim., end b… Set to 3000A
Inom C.T.Yprim., end a… Not required, therefore leave at default
Inom C.T.Yprim., end b… Set to 3000A
Vnom V.T. prim… Set to 3.3kV
Inom device, end a… Set to 1A
Inom device, end b… Set to 1A
IY nom device, end a… Not required, therefore leave at default
IY nom device, end b… Set to 1A
Vnom V.T. sec… Set to 110V

10.1.4. Differential Settings

Enter the differential settings
►Parameters►Function parameters►Parameter subset 1►DIFF►
Idiff> PS1… Set to 0.1 Iref
Idiff>> PS1… Set to 11 Iref
Idiff>>> PS1… Set to 11 Iref
Enter the bias settings
m1 PS1… Set to 0.3
m2 PS1… Set to 0.7
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10.1.5. Configure the Trip Commands

Assign differential operate signal to trip command 1
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►Fct.assig.trip cmd.1… Set to DIFF trip signal

10.1.6. Configure an Output Trip Relay, LEDs & Watchdog Contact

Configure output relay
►Parameters►Config.parameters►OUTP►Fct assignm. K****l… Set to MAIN Gen. trip signal

Configure the watchdog contact

►Parameters►Config.parameters►OUTP►Fct assignm. K****… Set to MAIN Blocked/faulty
►Parameters►Config.parameters►OUTP►Oper. mode K****… Set to NE updating
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►Fct. assign. Fault… Configure the output contact

Configure LED (of limited use in this example due to instantaneous protection function)
►Parameters►Config.parameters►LED►Fct. assignm. H16… Set to DIFF starting

10.1.7. Configure the Fault Recorder and the Operation & Fault Pages
Configure fault recorder by specifying a trigger
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►FT_RC►Fct ssign. trigger… Set to MAIN Gen. trip signal
Assign the ‘read’ key as a shortcut to the fault record
►Parameters►Config.parameters►LOC►Assignment read key… Set to FT_RC Fault recording 1
Assign some useful parameters to the operation panel
►Parameters►Config.parameters►LOC►Fct. Operation Panel► Configure the following for example.
DIFF Diff. current 1
DIFF Restrain. Current 1
Current IA, a p.u.
Current IA, b p.u.
Assign some useful parameters to the operation panel
►Parameters►Config.parameters►LOC►Fct. Fault Panel► Configure the following for example.
FT_DA Diff. current 1
FT_DA Restrain. Current 1
FT_DA Fault curr. IP, a p.u.
FT_DA Fault curr. IP, b p.u.
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10.2. TESTING THE DIFFERENTIAL BIAS CHARACTERISTIC

Before testing can commence the relative current and CT matching factors need to be determined.

10.2.1. Reference Currents and CT Matching Factors

The reference currents for each winding need to be calculated.
S ref 2 MVA
I ref , a = = = 349.9
3 • Vnom , a 3 • 3.3kV

S ref 2 MVA
I ref ,b = = = 2886.75
3 • Vnom ,b 3 • 0.4kV
The CT matching factors are therefore.
I nom ,a 400
Kam, a = = = 1.143
I ref ,a 349.9

I nom ,a 3000
Kam, b = = = 1.039
I ref ,a 2886.75
However these can be extracted from the relay. Select read at the following location.
►Parameters►Function parameters►General functions►DIFF

The values will then be read from the relay.

The relay will verify that these reference currents and matching factors are within sensible ranges.
If not then a warning will be displayed.
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The values given above are also available using an Excel worksheet. A screen shot of the above
settings is shown below.
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10.2.2. Spot Testing the Relay Settings

To spot test using the actual relay settings, then a suitable tool should be used to aid computation
of the test parameters and verification of the measurements.
The simplest stability check is to apply the opposing CT matching factors as the energising
quantities. The appropriate quantities and angles are shown below.
Stability check: verify that trip operation does not occur.
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To check the differential settings by single end injection, the vector group matching factor together
with the set vector group ID, needs to be taken into account in addition to the amplitude-matching
factor and zero sequence filtering. The vector group matching factors are given in section 11.2.
I diff × I nom , x
I inj =
K am , x × K s , y , z
Z = Transformer end a, b, c or d.
I diff = operate setting

I nom , x = nominal current (1A or 5A)

K am, z = amplitude matching factor

K s , y , z = vector group-matching factor, see section 11.2

Single end injection: verify the operating point on each HV phase.

I diff × I nom ,a 0 .1 × 1
I inj = = = 0.131
K am ,a × K s , y , z 1.143 × 0.67
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Single end injection: verify the operating point on each LV phase.

I diff × I nom ,b 0 .1 × 1
I inj = = = 0.166
K am ,b × K s , y , z 1.039 × 0.58
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10.2.3. Testing the Differential Characteristic using Harmonised Relay Settings

To simplify testing the following setting modifications can be undertaken.
The first simplification is to change the transformer type from a Dyn11 to Yy0, which means that
there is no phase shift between the HV and LV sides.
►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►DIFF►Vector grp. Ends a-b… Set to 0 (also a-c if req’d)
The second simplification is to remove zero sequence filtering, see section 11.1 for an explanation
of this feature.
►Parameters►Function parameters►Parameter subset 1►DIFF►
0-seq. Filt. A en. PS1… Set to No
0-seq. filt. b en. PS1… Set to No
The CT ratios can be modified, so that the CT matching factors are near identical. This is achieved
by using the reference currents as the CT ratios. This is shown below.

Enter the new CT ratios

►Parameters►Function parameters►Global►Main►
Inom C.T.prim., end a… Set to 350A
Inom C.T.prim., end b… Set to 2887A
The CT matching factors are now (very conveniently) both 1A. Which means the differential
characteristic can be verified more simply. If a P633 (3 winding) relay is being used, apply the full
current to the HV side (side a) and split the current equally between the LV sides (side b & c).
P630 INTRODUCTION
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The characteristic can now be tested, using a single phase IA.

a) Slowly increase the current IAa from 0 in 0.01A steps until the relay operates, whilst leaving
IAb at 0 Amps. Record the operating current IAa in the table provided.
We have now assessed the minimum sensitivity of the relay. This gives an indication of the current
required to cause operation for a genuine internal fault. Notice that the relay does operate at
exactly the Idiff> setting of 0.1.
The next phase of testing a bias differential relay, is to establish that the bias characteristic
matches the relay settings. This is done by adjusting the magnitude of the two anti-phase currents
(IAa and IAb) until the relay operates. At the point of operation, the differential and bias currents can
be calculated and plotted, to see if they correlate with the relay settings
b) Apply the initial currents stated in the table and then slowly increase current IAa until the
relay operates. Enter the current at which the relay operates in the ‘IAa Trip’ column, in the
table below.
Calculate the bias/restrain and differential currents and then plot them on the graph
provided.
• Read them from the relay (section 10.2.1)
• Read them from the Excel spreadsheet
• Or observe the per phase bias/restrain and differential current via the front panel, if
they were configured accordingly in section 10.1.7. Press ‘clear’ and ‘up arrow’ key
together to toggle the view.

Bias/Restrain Current Differential Current

Initial IAa IAb IAa trip
= (IAa trip + IAb)/2 = IAa trip – IAb
0.0 ∠0° 0.0 ∠-180° 000...111000 000...000555 000...111000

0.3 ∠0° 0.3 ∠-180° 000...555000 000...444000 000...888000

0.6 ∠0° 0.6 ∠-180° 000...999111 000...777888 000...333111

0.9 ∠0° 0.9 ∠-180° 111...333222 111...111111 000...444222

1.5 ∠0° 1.5 ∠-180° 222...111333 111...888222 000...666333

3.5 ∠0° 3.0 ∠-180° 444...111555 333...555888 111...111555

4.0 ∠0° 3.5 ∠-180° 444...999777 444...222444 111...444777

8.5 ∠0° 5.5 ∠-180° 999...111000 777...333000 333...666000

If the test has been performed correctly, the recorded results should closely match those shown in
the following graph. The plot clearly shows that the relay increases it setting, as the through fault
current increases, thus minimising the chances of mal-operation due to CT saturation.
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Differential Characteristic

3.5

3
Differential Current (Amps)

2.5

1.5

0.5

Expected Characteristic
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bias Current (Amps)

It should be noted, that although the equations given in the table above, will enable testing to verify
the correct characteristic has been chosen, the accuracy is not exact.
The exact operating differential current can therefore accurately be calculated at follows.
⎛ ⎛ m1 ⎞ ⎞
Differential Current = Bias Current • m1 + ⎜⎜ Idiff ⎜1 − ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
If the bias/restrain current is above IR,m2 (4A in this example) then m1 should be substituted by
m2.
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11. MISCELLANEOUS
11.1. ZERO SEQUENCE FILTERING
For earth fault transformer winding(s), zero sequence filtering is enabled by default and it is
essential to prevent tripping for external earth faults.
It is only in the case of isolated transformer windings were no filtering is required, this is because
for internal faults, no zero sequence current can flow in either side of the transformer, hence there
is no danger of mal-tripping. On the other hand, for external single phase faults, zero sequence
current when not filtered will be seen at one side, but this is the case when we do want the relay to
trip, as it is an external fault.
In case of resistive faults it is better to disable filtering, which will increase relay sensitivity by
adding Io back into the measurement quantity, which reduces the amount of phase current needed
for tripping.
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11.2. VECTOR GROUP MATCHING FACTORS

Factors for single end, one phase feed in phase A, zero sequence filtered.

Transformer end a b, c or d

Vector Group ID - 0/12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

DIFF: Diff. current 1 0.67 0.67 0.58 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.58 0.67 0.58 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.58

DIFF: Diff. current 2 0.33 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.58 0.67 0.58 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.58 0.67 0.58

DIFF: Diff. current 3 0.33 0.33 0.58 0.67 0.58 0.33 0.00 0.33 0.58 0.67 0.58 0.33 0.00

Factors for single end, two phase, phase opposed feed in phases B to C, zero sequence filtered.

Transformer end a b, c or d

Vector Group ID - 0/12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

DIFF: Diff. current 1 0.00 0.00 0.58 1.00 1.15 1.00 0.58 0.00 0.58 1.00 1.15 1.00 0.58

DIFF: Diff. current 2 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.00 0.58 0.00 0.58 1.00 1.15 1.00 0.58 0.00 0.58

DIFF: Diff. current 3 1.00 1.00 0.58 0.00 0.58 1.00 1.15 1.00 0.58 0.00 0.58 1.00 1.15

Factors for single end, one phase feed in phase A, NOT zero sequence filtered.

Transformer end a b, c or d

Vector Group ID - 0/12 2 4 6 8 10

DIFF: Diff. current 1 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00

DIFF: Diff. current 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

DIFF: Diff. current 3 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00

Factors for single end, two phase, phase opposed feed in phases B-C, NOT zero sequence
filtered.

Transformer end a b, c or d

Vector Group ID - 0/12 2 4 6 8 10

DIFF: Diff. current 1 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00

DIFF: Diff. current 2 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

DIFF: Diff. current 3 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
P630 Introduction
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VERSION CONTROL
Issue Author(s) Reason for change Date
A.1 A Hill Original 15-02-2005
A.2 C Smith Reformat and extension of material 03-05-2005
A.3 C Smith Corrected the watchdog settings 25-05-2005