DRRM MODULE 4 LEGAL REFERENCES:

 Section 9, Powers and Functions of

OCD under R.A. 10121 (Philippine
Concepts on Incident Command Disaster Risk Reduction and
System Management Act of 2010)

“Establish standard operating

What is an Incident Command System?
ICS is a standardized approach to
command, control, and coordination of
emergency response providing a common
hierarchy within which responders from
multiple agencies can be effective.
RATIONALE:
OBJECTIVE: Communication equipment,
procedures, and systems must operate
across jurisdictions.
Why is there a need for ICS?
The lessons of the past events such as the
Wowowee Stampede (February 2006),
Tropical Storm Ondoy (September 2009),
and Tourist Bus Hostage-Taking (August
2010), have manifested the inadequacy or
lack of an on - scene management of
emergency operations
There is a big gap! It is confirmed that
there is an absence of Incident Command
System at the inception of the incident, no
Incident Command Post, poor crowd control,
poor media management and failure of
communications.
procedures on the communications
system among provincial, city, municipal
and barangay disaster risk reduction and
management councils, for purposes of
warning and alerting them and for
gathering information on disaster areas
before, during and after disasters”.
 Provision of an emergency voice,
data, video, and information systems
for response clusters;
 Establishment of communications
framework for the Emergency
Operations Center (EOC) and
Incident Command Posts (ICP’s) in
disaster areas; and
 Fostering of communications
interoperability and commonality for
all levels.
ICS is now the common international
language for crisis, disaster and
emergency response! ASEAN members
gearing towards ICS Communication.
IN TRANSITION FULLY
TO ICS: IMPLEMENTED

ISSUES & CONCERNS IN  Indonesia  USA

COMMUNICATION:  Philippines  Canada
 Lack of clarity of who’s in - charge  Thailand  Australia
 Who’s directing the ground  Brunei  New Zealand
operation?  Mexico
 Confusion and miscommunication!
 Lack of coordination and planning
 Political Intervention
Concepts on Principles of
Triage
Weakness in Incident Management was
often due to failure in Communications – What is a TRIAGE?
the inefficient use of available systems!
Triage is a medical decision-making
process of prioritizing and sorting of patients
What is RETT (Rapid Emergency based on the severity of their condition so as to
Telecommunications Team)? treat as many as possible when resources are
insufficient for all to be treated immediately.
RETT is a rapid deployment team
equipped with ICT resources that are organized This is typically used in emergency
to address the communications, electronics, rooms, battlefields, and disaster sites when
and information needs of the Emergency limited resources must be allocated.
Operations Center (EOC) and/or Incident
Command Posts (ICP’s) in a disaster area. GUIDING PRINCIPLES:
  75-85% of fatalities occur within the
first 20 minutes of an incident
 The triage personnel DOES NOT
DECIDE WHO LIVES OR DIES!
 THE NEED FOR SPEED! – Triage
should be complete in 60 seconds
 The four colors of triage are as
follows:
o Green (minor)
 Minor injuries
 Status unlikely to
deteriorate
 Can assist in own care
 “walking wounded”
o Yellow (delayed)
 Requires urgent care
but may be delayed up
to one hour
 Includes serious and
life-threatening injuries
but status is not
expected to deteriorate
over several hours
o Red (immediate)
 Requires immediate
intervention and care to
ensure survival
 Requires immediate
transport
o Black (dead)
 Deceased or unlikely to
survive
 Requires palliative care
or pain relief
What is a S.T.A.R.T.?
The START (Simple Triage and Rapid
Treatment) is the widely-used type of triage. It
is a type of triage that aims at correcting the
main threats to life-blocked airways and severe
bleeding.
S.T.A.R.T has three components which
sorting is based:
 Respiration (the action of
breathing);
 Perfusion (passage of fluid
through the circulatory system);
and
 Mental status
Procedure for S.T.A.R.T.
Use this particular sequence “RPM”!
 1st – assess Respiration (assess for
respiratory rate)
RR > 30/min – tag RED
RR < 30/min – DO NOT
TAG and proceed to
Perfusion
 2nd – assess Perfusion (assess
capillary refill)
CR > 2 secs – tag RED
CR < 2 secs – DO NOT
TAG and proceed to
Mental Status
 3rd – assess Mental Status (ask
simple questions or commands)
cannot answer / follow –
tag RED
can answer / follow – TAG
YELLOW
 If all of the RPM is absent – TAG
BLACK (deceased)
 If one of the RPM is not normal –
TAG RED (immediate)
 If all of the RPM is normal but
cannot walk – TAG YELLOW
(delayed)
 If all of the RPM is normal but can
walk – TAG GREEN (minor)
Who can perform Triage?
The Triage Officer – may be
emergency physician or a member of the first
emergency medical crew to arrive at the scene
who is experienced in paramedics and in
making decisions with medical control on the
scene.