DESIGN OF LAMINATED ELASTOMERIC BEARING

FOR EFFECTIVE SPAN OF 20.6m

DESIGN OF LAMINATED ELASTOMERIC BEARING

Basic features of superstructure

Span c/c of brg. = 20.600 m
Span c/c of exp. Joint = 21.600 m
deck width = 12.900 m
Depth of superstructure = 1.980 m

Nos. of brg per span = 8

Material Specifications:
2
Shear modulus of elastomeric bearing, G = 1 N/mm
2
Bulk modulus of the elastomeric bearing, Eb = 2000 N/mm
Adhesion strength of elastomer to steel plate (min) = 7 kN/m
2
Yield stress of the laminate, fy = 250 N/mm

Dimensions of the bearing :

Dimension has been taken as per R'20 Series given in appendix 2 of IRC:83(Part II)-2015
Dimension of the bearing in T-T dir (perpendicular to traffic), b = 630 mm
Dimension of the bearing in L-L dir (parallel to traffic), a = 320 mm
Side cover for laminates = 6 mm
Thickness of internal layers of elastomer = 12 mm
Top and bottom face cover = 6 mm
No. of rows of elastomer = 6
Thickness of reinforcing plate = 4 mm
Total thickness of bearing = 112 mm
Total thickness of elastomer = 72 mm

Summary of Checks:
Total design strain = 4.21 < 7 , OK
Design strain due to compressive force = 1.79
Design strain due to translatory movements = 0.89 OK
Design strain due to angular rotations = 1.53

min. plate thickness required = 1.28 < 4 , OK

Limiting rotation = OK
Design vertical deflection = 0.713 mm
Permissible vertical deflection = 0.708 mm

Buckling stability = OK
Max permissible pressure = 20.94 N/mm2
Design max pressure = 10.23 N/mm2

Non sliding condition = OK

Min permissible pressure = 3.00 N/mm2
Design min pressure = 6.12 N/mm2
Resultant horizontal force = 169.42 kN
Resisting force due to friction = 216.25 kN

Shear Rating = 1699.50 N/mm

Calculation of Rotation :

Grade of concrete for superstructure = M35

For simply supported span it may be computed as

ad = 400 Mmax. L x 10^-3
(E I)

Es = 2.0E+11 N/m2

Ec = 3.20E+10 N/m2 For transient load

2
E = Ec / 2 = 1.60E+10 N/m For permanent load
S. No. Load case Loaf factor Mmax. E I L ad
(Nm) (N/m2) ( m^4) (m)
1 DL 1.35 1971516 1.60E+10 0.406 20.600 0.0034
2 SIDL1 1.35 728491 3.20E+10 0.406 20.600 0.0006
3 SIDL2 1.75 359831 3.20E+10 0.406 20.600 0.0004
4 F.P.L.L 1.5 0 3.20E+10 0.406 20.600 0.0000
5 CWLL 1.5 2547705 3.20E+10 0.406 20.600 0.0024
Total 0.0068

Design Rotation = 0.0068 = 0.0069 (say)

angular rotation in longitudinal direction - along a = 0.0069

angular rotation in trasnverse direction - along b = 0.000

Seismic Coefficient Calculation :

Zone factor, Z = 0.10 (ZONE II)
Importance factor, I = 1.2
Response reduction factor, R = 1.0 1 considered for longitudinal direction
Acceleration coefficient, Sa/g = 2.5
Hence, Ah = 0.15 0.15 considered for longitudinal direction

CHARACTERISTIC LOADS from superstructure analysis

Bearing SIDL2- Total

DL SIDL1 FPLL LL(Max) LL(Min) Total(Max) Total(Min)
Number surfacing (DL+SIDL1+SIDL2)
1 402.31 151.33 73.30 0.00 391.15 -27.57 1018.09 599.37 626.94
2 399.27 -48.99 63.69 0.00 555.61 0.00 969.57 413.96 413.96
3 399.27 -48.99 63.69 0.00 323.59 0.00 737.56 413.96 413.96
4 402.31 151.33 73.30 0.00 55.74 -27.57 682.68 599.37 626.94
5 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 0.00 0.00 0.00

Max working vertical load Fz max = 1018.09 kN

Min working vertical load Fz min = 413.96 kN

Load DL SIDL1 SIDL2 LL

Load factor 1.35 1.35 1.75 1.5

Under Permanent
ULS LOAD Under Service Condition
Condition

Bearing Total
DL SIDL1 SIDL2 FPLL LL(Max) LL(Min) Total(Max) Total(Min)
Number (DL+SIDL1+SIDL2)

1 543.12 204.29 128.28 0.00 586.73 -41.35 1462.42 834.34 875.69

2 539.01 -66.14 111.45 0.00 833.41 0.00 1417.74 584.32 584.32
3 539.01 -66.14 111.45 0.00 485.39 0.00 1069.71 584.32 584.32
4 543.12 204.29 128.28 0.00 83.61 -41.35 959.30 834.34 875.69
5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Impact Factor = 1.17

Max design vertical load Fz,d max = 1462.42 kN Under service load
Min design vertical load Fz,d min = 584.32 kN Under service load
Min design vertical load Fz,d min = 584.32 kN Under permanent load
HORIZONTAL LOAD:
Normal Case:
Total braking force = (0.2* 1000+0.05*500)*1.5 = 337.5 kN
No of bearings resisting = 8
Horizontal load in L-L direction per bearing = 42.1875 kN

Seismic Case: Working load ULS load

Vertical load on bearing DL+SIDL1+SIDL2 = 626.94 kN 875.69 kN
FPLL/5 = 0.00 kN 0.00 kN
LL/5 = 91.47 kN 137.20 kN

L-L Direction
Seismic effect = 1.5
EQ force on the structure in L-L direction = 141.061 kN
EQ effect on LL in L-L direction = 0 kN
Force per bearing in L-L direction = 141.061 kN

T-T Direction
Seismic effect = 1.5
EQ force on the structure in T-T direction = 141.061 kN
EQ effect on LL in T-T direction = 20.580 kN
Force per bearing in T-T direction = 161.641 kN

Longitudinal Seismic Case:

Force per bearing in L-L dir = 141.061 kN
30% of force in T-T dir per bearing = 48.492 kN

Transverse Seismic Case:

Force per bearing in T-T dir = 161.641 kN
30% of force in L-L dir per bearing = 42.318 kN
Shape factor
Shape factor for laminated bearings, S =
Effective dimension of the bearing in T-T dir, b' = 618 mm
Effective dimension of the bearing in L-L dir, a' = 308 mm
Effective plan area of the bearing, A1 = 190344 mm2
Force-free perimeter of the bearing, lp = 1852 mm
Effective thickness of individual layer of elastomer in compression = 12 mm
Shape factor, S = 8.56
Shape factor for the thickest layer, S1 = 8.56

Design Loads :
Maximum vertical load on the bearing Fz,d max = 1462.417 kN
Minimum vertical load on the bearing Fz,d min = 584.324 kN

Normal
Horiz. Load per Longitudinal Seismic
Case Transverse Seismic Case (kN)
bearing (kN) Case (kN)
(kN)

L-L dir 42.1875 149.498 50.756

T-T dir 0 48.492 161.641

Resultant 42.188 157.166 169.422

Check for Maximum design strain:

et,d = KL ( ec,d + eq,d + ea,d ) < eu,d

where,

et,d = total design strain in the bearing

ec,d = design strain due to compressive design loads
eq,d = design shear strain due to design translatory movements
ea,d = design strain due to design angular rotation
eu,d = eu,k / ym = ultimate design strain = 7/1.0 = 7

Calculation for resultant horizontal displacement , v xy,d:

Due to Horizontal force in Normal Case

V = F*Tq/(G*a'*b')
Fx = Horizontal Force in longitudinal direction = 42.19 kN
Fy = Horizontal Force in transverse direction = 0.00 kN
Tq = Total thick. of elastomer including top and bottom cover = 84 mm
G = 1 N/mm2
a' = 618 mm
b' = 308 mm

Vx,d = 18.62 mm
Vy,d = 0 mm

vxy,d = Max resultant horizontal relative displacement of parts = sqrt( vx,d2 + vy,d2)
= 18.62 mm
Due to Horizontal force in Longitudinal Seismic Case

Fx,d = 149.50 kN
Fy,d = 48.49 kN

Vx,d = 65.97 mm
Vy,d = 21.40 mm

Vxy,d = 69.36 mm

Due to Horizontal force in Transverse Seismic Case

Fx,d = 50.76 kN
Fy,d = 161.64 kN

Vx,d = 22.40 mm
Vy,d = 71.33 mm

Vxy,d = 74.77 mm

Vxy,d - In Normal Case = 18.62 mm

Vxy,d - In Longitudinal Seismic Case = 69.36 mm
Vxy,d - In Transverse Seismic Case = 74.77 mm

Ar = Reduced effective plan area of the bearing = A1 ( 1 - vx,d/a' - vy,d/b')

Ar - In Normal Case = 1.79E+05 mm2

Ar - In Longitudinal Seismic Case = 1.43E+05 mm2
Ar - In Transverse Seismic Case = 1.55E+05 mm2

Maximum , Ar = 1.79E+05 mm2

Minimum , Ar = 1.43E+05 mm2

Calculation for strain due to compressive loads: Clause 5.2.3.2 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2011

ec,d = 1.5 Fz,d / ( G. Ar. S )

Fz,d = Vertical design force on the bearing, = 1462.417 kN

G = Shear modulus of elastomeric bearing = 1 N/mm2
Ar = 1.43E+05 mm2

ec,d = 1.79

Calculation for strain due to translatory movements: Clause 5.2.3.3 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2011

eq,d = vxy,d /Tq

vxy,d = Max resultant horizontal relative displacement of parts = 74.77 mm

Tq = Total thick. of elastomer including top and bottom cover = 84 mm

eq,d = 0.89 OK
Calculation for strain due to angular rotations: Clause 5.2.3.4 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2011

ea,d =( a'2 . αa,d + b'2 . αb,d) ti / ( 2 S(ti3) )

αa,d = 0.0069 rad

αb,d = 0 rad
ea,d = 1.53

Total design strain , et,d = 4.21 < 7 OK

Check for minimum reinforcing plate thickness: Clause 5.2.3.5 of IRC:83 (Part II) -2011
ts = Kp. Fz,d . ( t1 + t2).Kh. gm / (Ar. fy )
where,
Fz,d maximum vertical force = 1462.417 KN
Ar = 1.43E+05 mm2
fy = 250.00 N/mm2
t1 & t2 - thickness of elastomer on either side of the plate = 12 mm
gm - factor for induced tensile stresses = 1.0
Kp - stress correction factor = 1.3
Kh = 1 without hole
ts = Minimum thickness of plate = 1.28 < 4 OK

LIMITING CONDITIONS:
Rotational limitation condition:

Svz,d - ( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d)/Kr,d ≥ 0

where,
Svz,d = total vertical deflection = S ( Fz. ti / A1) (1 / 5. G. S12 + 1/Eb)
Min vertical force Fz = 584.324 kN
summation of elastomer ti = 72 mm
2
effective plan area A1 = 190344 mm
shear modulus G = 1 N/mm2
shape factor S1 = 8.56
bulk density Eb = 2000 N/mm2

Svz,d = total vertical deflecton of bearing = 0.713 mm

a' = 308 mm
b' = 618 mm
αa,d = 0.0069
αb,d = 0
Rotation factor = Kr,d = 3

( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d) / Kr,d = 0.71 mm

Svz,d - ( a' . αa,d + b' . αb,d)/Kr,d = 0.713 - 0.71 = 0.005 OK

Buckling Stability (ULS):

the pressure Fz,d/Ar shall satisfy the following expression
Fz,d/Ar < 2. a'. G. S1/3. Te
2
Fz,d/Ar = 10.23 N/mm
2
2. a'. G. S1/3. Te = 20.94 N/mm
expression 10.23 < 20.94 OK
Non sliding condition (ULS)
Fxy,d ≤ me. Fz,dmin

where,
Fxy,d = Resultant of all the horizontal forces = 169.42 kN
Fz,dmin = Minimum vertical design force = 875.69 kN coexisting with Fxy,d
2
Ar = = 1.43E+05 mm
sm = Fz,dmin/Ar = 6.12 N/mm2
6.12 > 3.00 N/mm2 OK

Kf = 0.60 placed on concrete pedestal

me = 0.1+1.5 Kf / sm = 0.25
me. Fz,dmin = 216.251 kN

169.42 < 216.25 kN OK

Shear Rating

Vr = G*A1/Tb = 1699.50 N/mm