Lab Report

Rate of Chemical Reactions: The Iodination of Acetone

Due 03/12/2018

Submitted to
Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom

By :
Noppasorn Swangswai 5961067
Nannaphat Yongpraphat 5961023
Suparada Suwanlertlum 5961084
Sakornchon Mattariganont 5961143

Advanced Chemistry
Mahidol University Demonstration School (MUIDS)
Semester 1 Academic Year 2018 - 2019
Abstract​:
This experiment is about the rate law of the iodination of acetone. These substances are used
consisting of Acetone, Distilled water, Sulfuric Acid and Iodine mixing together at the different
concentration to find the time for the mixture to change their color into a colorless solution. The
records are then used in the calculation to find the rate law constant (k value) of the reaction and the
rate of the reaction respectively by using the formula Rate 0 = [acetone]x [H2SO4]y . There was a
mistake for the first mixture as only 5 mL of distilled water was added to the solution, but it was
redone. As a result, the reaction rate and the rate constant value are 0.00002506 M/s and 0.20375
respectively.

Introduction:
The rate of a chemical reaction is the change in concentration ( Δ[reactant] ) over the change
in time (Δt) in the unit of molarity per seconds (M/s) (Blanchard, 2015). It can be considered in terms
of two observables which are the rate of disappearance of reactants and the rate of formation of
products which can be written as − Δ[reactant]/Δt and Δ[product]/Δt respectively. The equations
have different sign, positive and negative because the reactants are used to produce the products over
time so that they are decreased while the products are increased. In addition, the coefficient number
which is the number that is located in front of each substance needs to be considered. For example,
given that the equation of reaction is 2A → 3B, the rate = (1/2) * (− Δ[A])/Δt = (1/3) * (Δ[B]/Δt) .
According to Chemistry Eleventh Edition (2012), the rate law is used to calculate the rate
constant using the equation, rate = k[A]x [B]y where k is the rate constant, [A] or [B] are
concentrations of each substance, and x or y are orders of reaction expecting to specific reactants.
However, a reaction order is not related to a coefficient number. Besides, the rate constant (k) and its
unit depend on temperature and order of reaction respectively. Furthermore, the information that is
needed for calculation such as the concentration and the initial rate, can only be obtained by
performing an experiment. To find the rate constant, there are two steps consisting of determination of
rate law and rate constant. Then, the rate constant from the second step is used to calculate the rate of
reaction.

1. determine rate law

rate of 1st experiment/rate of 2nd experiment
to find the value of x and y
2. determine the rate constant
rate of an experiment = k[A]x [B]y
to find the value of k with the substitution of x and y

The process which is used in this experiment for testing the rate of chemical reaction is
iodination. The concept of iodination is using iodine as an indicator, so the chemical reaction can be
seen with naked eyes as the color of the solution changes respect to time (Earl, 2010, p.1).
​O ​O
II II
CH​3​CCH3​ ​ + I2​ ​ (aq) + H + → CH3​ ​CCH2​ I + (aq) + I − (aq) + H + (aq)
This chemical equation illustrates how iodine interacts with acid which is H​2​SO​4​ and acetone,
then it gives the result as a disappearance of the yellowish color in the solution.
Objective:
The purpose of this lab is to observe the rate of chemical reactions with 4 different
concentrations and record the time for the reaction to change their color from yellowish to a colorless
solution. When we finally know the time of the reaction we then find the rate of the reaction and the
rate constant value.

Materials:
● Flask 100 mL, pipet, pipet bulb
● Cylinder 10 or 25 mL
● Watch clock
● Acetone 4M
● H​2​SO​4 ​(1 M)
● I​2 ​(0.005M)

Procedure:
1. Filled distilled water in 25 mL flask (the first flask)
2. Draw 5 mL acetone and 5 mL H2SO4 and 10 mL water and pour into the second flask
3. Use dry and clean cylinder to measure 5 mL I​2​ solution. Be careful not to spill the iodine
solution on your hands or clothes.
4. Noting the time on the watch clock, pour I​2​ solution into the second flask and quickly swirl
the flask to thoroughly mix the reagents.
5. Observe the color of the reaction between the first and the second flask. Record time when the
color disappears.
6. Repeat the experiment for the second run (step 2-5).
7. Change the concentration of reactants as shown in table 1, and repeat the experiment (step
2-5), record time of each experiment/mixture (the total volume of the new mixture is 25 mL).
8. Calculate the rate of the reaction and rate constant.

Mixture of Solution

#Mixture Acetone (mL) H​2​SO​4 ​(mL) H​2​O (mL) I​2 ​(mL) Total Volume (mL)

1 5 5 10 5 25

2 10 5 5 5 25

3 5 10 5 5 25

4 5 5 5 10 25
Result:

From the experiment, we have recorded the first, second run and the average of each mixture as
shown in the table below.

Mixture 4M 1M H​2​O 0.005 M I​2 Time (s)

Acetone(mL) H​2​SO​4​(mL) (mL) (mL)
1​st ​run 2​nd ​run average

1 5 5 10 5 1:21:41 1:14:41 77:91

2 10 5 5 5 34:34 36:60 35:47
3 5 10 5 5 30:87 31:78 31:325
4 5 5 5 10 2:05:66 2:15:25 130:46
Discussion:
Time mostly used for calculation to solve for the average rate especially in a chemical
reaction. The formula of reaction rate is time is equal to the inversely proportional of the rate of
reaction. Therefore, 1/time and rate are related because 1/time is an inversely proportional function
where time is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. The ‘First order’ rate means the expression
of reaction rate where the order of concentration expects to the reactant is equal to one. Such that
when the concentrations of A and B are doubled in a reaction of A+B = C then the overall order of the
reaction will still be the same but the rate will be doubled as the reaction is first order so the overall
order should be 2 (rxn = 1+1 = 2). Thus, the reaction results in second-order reaction whether the
concentrations are doubled or not vice versa the rate will be doubled depending on the concentrations
change occurred in the reaction which in this place the concentrations are doubled resulted in a
doubled rate of reaction. In addition, when a second reaction mixture was made up in the following
way: 10mL 4M acetone + 5mL 1M H2SO4 + 5mL 0.005 M I2 + 5mL H2O. We can find the initial
concentration by using C1V1 = C2V2 formula. By doing that, the initial concentration of acetone, H+
ion, and I2 in the reaction mixture are 1.6M, 0.2M, and 0.001M respectively. It took 120 seconds for
the I2 color to vanish from the reaction mixture when it occurred at the same temperature. We can use
rate law to solve for the result of the rate of the reaction. By doing the calculation, the rate law equal
to 0.00002506 M/s.

Calculation:
I. Determination of Reaction order with respect to Acetone, H​+ ​and I​2
Mixture Initial concentration (M) Rate = [I​2​]​0​/t

Acetone H​+ I​2

1 0.8 0.2 0.001 1.28 x 10−5

2 1.6 0.2 0.001 2.82 x 10−5
3 0.8 0.4 0.001 3.19 x 10−5
4 0.8 0.2 0.002 1.5 x 10−5

II. Find the orders of the reaction with respect to H​+ ​ion and I​2 ​(use the data of mixture 1-4).
r​2​/r​1 ​= x = 1.139
r​3​/r​1 ​= y = 1.317
r​4​/r​1 ​= z = 1.074

III.
Mixture:
I = 0.229
II = 0.229
III = 0.229
IV = 0.128
average​ = 0.20375
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Our group succeeds in recording the time of reaction for all 4 mixtures. We
then use the data which we got from the experiment to calculate the reaction rate and the rate constant
value which are 0.00002506 M/s and 0.20375 respectively.
References:

Earl N., Florence F. (2010). ​Rate and Activation Energy of the Iodination of Acetone.​ Retrieved from
http://web.mnstate.edu/marasing/chem210l_2013_summer/iodination%20lab%20report1.pdf

Law A., Blanchard V., Le D. (2015). ​The Rate of a Chemical Reaction.​ Retrieved from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Textbook_Maps/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Su
pplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Kinetics/Reaction_Rates/Reaction_Rate
/The_Rate_of_a_Chemical_Reaction

Chang, R., Kenneth A. (2012). ​Chemistry Eleventh Edition.​ Florida: Mc Graw Hill.