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a11x1+a12x2+………..a1nxn=b1
a21x1+a22x2+………..a2nxn=a2
.
.
.
.
an1x1+an2x2+………..annxn=bn
Where x1,x2,…….xn are the variables whose values are to be found out.
Various methods to solve linear algebraic equations can be classified as given below
A) DIRECT METHOD
i) Gauss Elimination Method
ii) Gauss Jordan Method
B) ITERATION METHOD
i) Gauss Seidal Method
a 23 '
x2 =c2’ - * x3
a 22 '
a12 * x 2 − a13 * x3
x1 = c1 -
a11
PROBLEM:
2x1+3x2+4x3=1
9x1+2x2-8x3=1.9
15x1-8x2+6x3=14.7
GAUSS JORDAN METHOD :
This method is extension of Gauss Elimination method . In this we convert all the
elements in the matrix except diagonal elements to zero.
a11x1+a12x2+…………+a1nxn=d1
a21x1+a22x2+…………+a2nxn=d2
.
.
.
an1 x1+an2x2+………...+annxn=dn
a11 . . a1n x1 d1
a 21 . . a 2n x2 d2
. . . . .
= .
an 1 . . ann xn dn
1 0 . 0 x1 d1
0 1 . 0 x2 d2
. . . . x3
= d3
0 0 . 1 x4 d4
Then solution is
x1 = d1
x2 = d2
x3 = d3
..
..
..
xn = dn
PROBLEM:-
2x1+3x2-4x3=1
5x1+9x2+3x3=17
-8x1-2x2+x3= -9
GAUSS SEIDAL METHOD:-
Note that diagonal elements should not vanish. If they vanish , then the system must
be rearranged.
Now ,
b1 a12 a1n
x1 = - * x2 ……. - * xn
a11 a11 a11
b2 a 21 a 2n
x2 = - * x1 …….- * xn
a 22 a 22 a 22
.
.
.
bn an1 a ( nn −1)
xn= - * x1 …….- * xn-1
ann ann ann
This way substitution continues till nth equation and which finishes the first iteration.
Thus the method uses an improved approximation as soon as available and hence it is
called successive displacement.
PROBLEM :-
4x+y+z = 5
x + 6y+2z = 19
-x -2y-5z = 10