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GENERAL REQUIREMENT,
Posted on March 26, 2013 under Auto changeover scheme
General Requirement
Bus Pt for measuring Bus voltage & checking bus is healthy or unhealthy.
Line Pt for measuring Line voltage & Synchronizing between two sources.
Numerical relays with maximum BI-BO & breaker with maximum aux.
contacts.
If synchronizing is required, then synchronizing function should be available

in numerical relay of bus coupler.
General Schematic Diagram
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General Singe Line Diagram
Independent Mode
Closing conditions-I/C-1
Mode selector switch in independent mode
Bus PT-1 Unhealthy
Incomer-2 Off & no fault trip
Bus coupler Off & no fault trip
Closing For incomer-1 Ind. mode
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Independent Mode

Bus PT-2 Unhealthy
Bus coupler Off & no fault trip
Closing For incomer-2-Ind. mode
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Independent Mode
Closing conditions-B/C

Bus PT-1 Unhealthy
Bus PT-2 Unhealthy
For Bus Coupler-Ind. mode
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INDEPENDENT MODE,MANUAL
MODE,AUTO
MODE,FEEDER REQUIRED
In this mode, Two Breakers can close at the same time.

For e.g.:-
INCOMER-1 ON
INCOMER-2 ON
BUSCOUPLER OFF
INCOMER-1 ON
INCOMER-2 OFF
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BUSCOUPLER ON
INCOMER-1 OFF
INCOMER-2 ON
BUSCOUPLER ON
Manual Mode
In this mode, When supply is Synchronize, Then Three Breakers can
close at the same time. But after some time delay, one breaker will be
Trip by using Trip Selector Switch.
For e.g.:-
I/C-1 & B/C are ON & if I/C-2 ON than I/C-1 will be trip after some time
delay. (if Trip selector switch is on I/C-1)
Auto Mode
This mode is only for Bus coupler.
If two incomer is On & Bus coupler is Off. If one incomer trip due to
under voltage. At that time B/C is On automatically.
Feeder Required
Incomer-1 with Line Pt-1

Incomer-2 with Line Pt-2
Bus Coupler
Bus Pt-1
Bus Pt-2
Outgoing Feeders
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AUTO CHANGEOVER SCHEME

What is Auto Change Over?
Load can be transfer from one Bus to another Bus by using Auto
Change Over Scheme.
It means, within specific conditions, load can be transferred on another
bus by automatically ON or OFF the breakers, without disturbing any
load.
Different Mode for changeover
Independent Mode
Manual Mode / Synchronizing Mode
Auto Mode
Blackout Condition
Different Switches for changeover

Mode Selector Switch:-
This switch is on Bus coupler.
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This switch is 3 pole, 3 position switch.
Three positions are,
“ (1) Auto
(2) Independent
(3) Manual
Trip Selector Switch:-

This switch is on Bus coupler.
This switch is 3 pole, 3 position switch.
Three positions are,
“ (1) Incomer-1 trip

(2) Incomer-2 trip
(3) Bus coupler trip
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SWITCHGEAR DESIGN
Posted on March 25, 2013 under Switchgear design
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1 Main parts of Switchgears

2 MAIN PARTS OF BREAKER
3 Isolator
4 Voltage Transformer
5 Main Compartments of Panel
6 CIRCUIT BREAKER COMPARTMENT
7 CABLE & CT COMPARTMENT
8 L V Plate and Types of Panel
9 Schematic Diagram of Switchboard
10 Breaker Selection Chart For Normal Design and RE D…
11 Protection Relay
12 PURPOSE OF PROTECTIVE RELAYS
13 Basic Design of Panel
1 Comment
BASIC DESIGN OF PANEL

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2
3
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5
6
7
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8
9
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PURPOSE OF
PROTECTIVE RELAYS
TO DETECT ABNORMALITIES (FAULTS)

TO ELIMINATE SUCH ABNORMALITIES
“ By isolating smallest portion of the system

In a shortest period of time.
TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENTS

TO PREVENT INJURIES TO PERSONNEL
RELAY OPERATION WHEN A FAULT OCCURS
“ Each relay should protect a specific zone in the system

If fault is inside its zone,relay should operate and isolate the zone
If fault is outside zone,Relay should not operate –Some other relay
should operate and isolate
CONNECTION DIA OF O/C & E/F RELAY
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CONNECTION DIA OF O/C & E/F RELAY
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PROTECTION RELAY
A device which sense the fault and give a signal to the circuit breaker for
tripping.
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WHAT DO WE MEAN BY PROTECTION?
PROTECTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTSOF POWER SYSTEM

AGAINST VARIOUSTYPES OF SYSTEM FAULTS
VARIOUS TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS
GENERATORS
TRANSFORMERS
MOTORS
FEEDERS
TRANSMISSION BUS BARS
LINES
CAPACITORS
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VARIOUS TYPE OF FALUTS

R-Y-B-G OR R-Y-B(Symmetrical Fault)
R-Y Unsymmetrical Faults
Y-B
B-R
R-Y-G
Y-B-G
B-R-G
R-G
Y-G
B-G
POWER SYSTEM -FAULTS
Current Voltage Power

Over power
Over Load Over Vol. Under power
Over Current Under Vol. Reverse power
Earth Fault Voltage Unb.
Current Unb. Neutral shift
Dir. Over Cur.
Dir. Earth Fault
Computed Frequency Control/Mgmt.
Over fluxing Over Freq. Synchronising
Loss of field Under Freq. Load sharing
Diff. O/C dF/dT Islanding
Restricted E/F Load shedding
Under Imp.
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BREAKER SELECTION CHART FOR

NORMAL DESIGN AND RE DESIGN
Breaker Selection Chart For Breaker Slection chart for RE-

Normal Design Design
#8BK80-12KV-600mm Width-3AH5 #8BK80-12KV-600mm Width-
STC-26.3KA & UPTO 31.5KA 3AH5P
3AH5 is available for 800A & 1250A STC-26.3KA & UPTO 31.5KA
3AH5P is available for 800A &
#8BK80-12KV-800mm Width-3AH3 1250A
STC-31.5KA & UPTO 40/44KA
3AH3 is available for 1250A & #8BK80-12KV-800mm Width-
3150A 3AH5P
STC-UPTO 31.5KA
#8BK88PLUS-12KV-600mm Width- 3AH5P is available for 2000A &
3AH0 2500A
STC-UPTO 26.2KA
3AH0 is available for 800A,1250A & #8BK80-12KV-700mm Width-3AK6
1600A STC-40/44KA
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#8BK80-24KV-1000mm Width- Rating Should be <=1250A

3AH3
STC-UPTO 26.3KA #8BK80-12KV-800mm Width-3AK6
3AH3 is available for 1250A & STC-31.5/40/44KA
2000A Rating Should be >1250A
#8BK80-36KV-1100mm Width-
3AH3
STC-UPTO 31.5KA
3AH3 is available for 1250A,2000A
& 2500A
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
OF SWITCHBOARD
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MV Switchboards
Normal Design RE-Design

8BK80-12KV(600mm/800mm) 8BK80-
8BK80-24KV-1000mm 12KV(600mm/700mm/800mm)
8BK80-36KV-1100mm
8BK88PLUS-12KV-600mm
For Double Busbar – 8BM80/12KV

Without Isolator -800mm
With Isolator-1000mm
Types of Breaker
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Types of vacuume contactor
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L V PLATE AND TYPES OF PANEL

LV PLATE
LV DOOR
Types of Panel
Incomer
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Outgoing feeder
Motor feeder
Transformer feeder
Capacitor feeder
Tie feeder
Bus Coupler
Adapter Panel
Bus PT
Caballing Panel
Incomer Cum Outgoing feeder
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April 2013
March 2013
CATEGORIES
Aircraft Electrical Systems

Auto changeover scheme
Basics of Busbar and Local Breaker Back up
Busbar protection ( Siemens )
Busbar protection Scheme with 7SS60 relay
Calculation of REF Protection
CT VA Burden
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Diodes And Applications
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Protection principles
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04/12/2018 electricaltm's Blog | Smile! You’re at the best WordPress.

com site ever | Page 9

If synchronizing is required, then synchronizing function should be available

General Singe Line Diagram

Closing For incomer-1 Ind. mode

Mode selector switch in independent mode

Closing For incomer-2-Ind. mode

Mode selector switch in independent mode

For Bus Coupler-Ind. mode

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In this mode, Two Breakers can close at the same time.

Incomer-1 with Line Pt-1

AUTO CHANGEOVER SCHEME

What is Auto Change Over?

Different Mode for changeover

Different Switches for changeover

This switch is 3 pole, 3 position switch.

Three positions are,

Trip Selector Switch:-

Three positions are,

“ (1) Incomer-1 trip

1 Main parts of Switchgears

BASIC DESIGN OF PANEL

TO DETECT ABNORMALITIES (FAULTS)

“ By isolating smallest portion of the system

TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENTS

RELAY OPERATION WHEN A FAULT OCCURS

“ Each relay should protect a specific zone in the system

CONNECTION DIA OF O/C & E/F RELAY

CONNECTION DIA OF O/C & E/F RELAY

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY PROTECTION?

PROTECTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTSOF POWER SYSTEM

VARIOUS TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS

VARIOUS TYPE OF FALUTS

POWER SYSTEM -FAULTS

Current Voltage Power

BREAKER SELECTION CHART FOR

Breaker Selection Chart For Breaker Slection chart for RE-

#8BK80-24KV-1000mm Width- Rating Should be <=1250A

Normal Design RE-Design

For Double Busbar – 8BM80/12KV

Types of vacuume contactor

L V PLATE AND TYPES OF PANEL

Other Generator Controls and Monitoring Devices

Anonymous on Electrical Safety

Jaykumar Trivedi on Example: Parapet Walls

Jaykumar Trivedi on Example: Parapet Walls

Anonymous on Example: Parapet Walls

Anonymous on High Voltage Circuit Brea…

Aircraft Electrical Systems

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