Screws and Threaded Fasteners

1) A single square-thread power screw has an input power of 3 kW at a speed of 1 rev/s. The screw has
a major diameter of 36 mm and a pitch of 6 mm. The frictional coefficients are 0.14 for the threads and
0.09 for the collar, with a collar friction radius of 45 mm. a) Find the axial resisting load F and the
combined efficiency of the screw and collar. b) Indicate whether the screw is self-locking or not. c)
Find the most critical section and determine safety factor assuming that the load is static. Nut and
power screw are made of AISI 1040 HR steel. (Do not consider buckling)

a) Root diameter, dr = d-p = 36-6 dr = 30 mm

Mean diameter, dm = d-p/2 =36-6/2 dm =33 mm
Since screw is single threaded lead is equal to pitch, l = p = 6 mm

3kW
Input torque is T = P/n T= T = 477N.m
rev rad
1 ⋅ 2π
s rev

Fd m  l + πµd m 
The relation between torque and axial resisting force (F) is, T =   + µ c rc F
2  πd m − µl 
The first part of this equation is the torque required to resist axial force and thread friction and the
second part is the torque required for collar friction.
33 ⋅ 10 −3 m 6 ⋅ 10 −3 m + π ⋅ 0,14 ⋅ 33 ⋅ 10 −3 m
477 N .m = F + 0.09 ⋅ 45 ⋅ 10 −3 m ⋅ F
2 π ⋅ 33 ⋅ 10 −3 m − 0,14 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 10 −3 m
F = 65kN

Work output
The overall efficiency is: e =
Work input
Fl 65kN ⋅ 6 ⋅ 10 −3 m
e= = = 0,13 or %13
T 2π 477 N .m ⋅ 2π

l
b) Self-locking is obtained for square threads when µ > tgλ where λ = tg −1
π ⋅ dm
6
In this problem 0.14 > = 0,06 so screw is self-locking alone.
π ⋅ 33

1
 F 4F 4 ⋅ 65 ⋅ 10 3 N
c) Compressive stress between collar and nut: σ c = = 2 =
Ar πd r π ⋅ (30 ⋅ 10 −3 m) 2
σ c = 92 MPa
Tc ⋅ c 16( µ c ⋅ rc ⋅ F )
Shear stress due to collar torque between collar and nut: τ = =
J π ⋅ dr3
16(263 ⋅ 10 3 N .mm)
τ= ≅ 49.6MPa
π ⋅ 30 3
2 2
σ   92 
Combined stress between collar and nut: τ max =  c  + τ 2 =   + 49.6 2
 2   2
τ max = 67.6MPa
Shear stress between the motor and the nut: Tinput = 477 N.m
16T 16 ⋅ 477 ⋅ 10 3 N .mm
τ= 3 = τ = 90 MPa *
πd r π ⋅ 30 3
F F 65 ⋅ 10 3 N
Average thread shear stress: τ = = = ≅ 23MPa
As pH 60
πd r π ⋅ 30 ⋅
2 p 2
F F 65 ⋅ 10 3 N
Average bearing stress in the screw threads: σ b = = =
Ab
(
π d 2 − dr 2 ) Hp π (36 2 − 30 2 )
60
6
σ b = 5.2MPa
The most critical section is at the left side of the nut. Here τ due to torsion is 90 MPa.

S sy Sy / 2
The safety factor is n = = Sy =290 MPa from Table A-20
τ τ
290 MPa
n= = 1.6
2 ⋅ 90 MPa

2) A permanent bolted joint is designed with a M20 coarse-pitch (5.8 grade, rolled-threads) bolt. The
bolt is tightened by 30 kN preload. Then an external load, P, varying between 10 and 36 kN is applied
to the joint. a) Does separation occur between parts when external load is maximum? If not, at what
maximum external load separation occurs? b) Find the factor of safety of the bolt against fatigue
failure. (Take km/kb = 3, R=%99)

a) At separation resultant load on members is zero, Fm = 0

km
Fm = Psep − Fi = 0
kb + k m
1 4 4
Fi = Psep Psep = Fi = ⋅ 30kN Psep = 40 kN
kb 3 3
+1
km
When a 40 kN external force is applied, separation occurs between parts. In this problem the maximum
external load is 36 kN so separation does not occur.

b) The portion of external load (P = 10….36 kN) taken by bolt is,

2
 kb 1
Pb max = Pmax = ⋅ 36 Pb max = 9kN , Pb min = 2.5
kb + k m km
1+
kb
So, the maximum bolt load is Fb max = Pb max + Fi = 39kN
And the minimum bolt load is Fb min = Pb min + Fi = 32.5kN
Hence the mean and the alternating bolt loads are:
F + Fb min F − Fb min
Fbm = b max = 35.75kN Fba = b max = 3.25kN
2 2
Tensile strength area of M20 coarse-pitch bolt is At = 245 mm2 (Table 14-2).
Kf*F 7.15kN F 35.75k .N
σ a = ba= 2
=29.2 MPa σ m = bm = = 145.92 MPa
At 245mm At 245mm 2
From Table 14-7, Sut =520MPa Kf = 2.2 (Table14-8, grade 5.8, rolled threads,
Cload = 0.7, Csurf ≅ 0.86 (Table14-7), remaining factors
are unity (note that reliability factor = 0.814).

Kfm*Fi 1*30kN
σi = = =122.4 MPa
At 245mm 2

S e = 0.7⋅ ⋅ 0.86 ⋅ 0 ⋅814 ⋅ (0.5 ⋅ 520 MPa ) =127.4 MPa

Plot the modified Goodman diagram and the loading line as shown in Fig. 13-17

n = 2.8 (Using Eq. 14-16 or from geometry)

3) The head of a 300 mm diameter cylinder vessel will be designed. The internal pressure in the
cylinder is Pin = 1MPa. The bolts have initial tightening load of 12 kN. a) Find the stiffness of the bolt
and members. b) Determine the number of bolts (N) for a safety factor of 2 for fatique loading.

1MPa
20

20 D = 300 mm

M 10*1.5 grade 5.8 cast iron

Eb = 200 GPa Eci = 90 GPa

3
a) If the members of the joint have the same modulus of elasticity and assuming α = 45°, we can find
the stiffness with the formula below.
πE cı d π ⋅ 90 ⋅ 10 9 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 −3
km = lgrip = 20+20=40 mm km = = 1140 kN/mm
 l + 0.5d   40 + 0.5 ⋅ 10 
2 ln 5 ⋅  2 ln 5 
 l + 2.5d   40 + 2.5 ⋅ 10 
The bolt stiffness is,
AE
kb = b b =
πd 2 E b
kb =
( )2
π 10 ⋅ 10 −3 ⋅ 200 ⋅ 10 9
= 393
kN
−3
l 4l 4 ⋅ 40 ⋅ 10 mm
Stiffness of the members can also be calculated by other approaches.
(see Section 14-8)

Pin ⋅ A 10 6 ⋅ π ⋅ 0.3 2 70.68

b) External force per bolt: P = = = kN
N 4⋅ N N
kb 393 70.68 18.14
Resultant bolt load: Fb = P + Fi Fb = ⋅ + 12 = + 12 kN
kb + km 393 + 1140 N N
Tensile stress area for M10 × 1.5 is At =58 mm2 (Table14-2)
Sy =520 MPa (Table14-7)
Fy Sy Sy
σy = Fy = σ y ⋅ At σ all = Fall = ⋅ At
At n n
520 18.14
Fall = 58mm 2 ⋅ MPa Fall = 15.08kN = + 12kN N = 5.89 so, use 6 bolts.
2 N
Preload must be checked against separation.(Fm = 0)
km P 1140 70.68
Fm = ⋅ − Fi = 0 Fi = ⋅ = 8.76 < 12kN Preload is enough.
k m + kb N 1140 + 393 6