Syndicate 7

The PON Bhanu Garg

Story…… Geken Ette
Romita
Razdan
Jitender Singh
Jitendar Yadav
Ankit Anand
 BACKHAUL
 Backhaul is the process of transmitting information to a central point from
which it can be distributed over a network.


 Backhaul services allow telecommunications carriers and Internet service

providers to aggregate data (such as Internet traffic and phone calls) to a
centralised location in a town or region, then connect that location to
even bigger sites (hubs).


 Backhaul services:
◦ carry traffic in bulk for telecommunications carriers
◦ often connect traffic across long distances
◦ usually carry traffic on a "point-to-point" basis, without making complex switching
decisions about where to send the traffic

 Requirements
 SCALABILITY REQIREMENTS
◦ Improved customer scalability
◦ IP transport
◦ Base stations
◦ Base station site interconnect technology
 Resiliency Requirements
◦ Stability
◦ Predictable low latency data transmission
◦ Multi-vendor interoperability
◦ Optimized bandwidth plan
 Economic requirements
◦ Cost effective
◦ Simplified provisioning
◦ Automated network monitoring
BACKHAUL
Backhaul in uncovered
areas
Alternative Backhaul
TYPES OF OPTICAL
NETWORKS
 There are two types of Optical Networks –

 1.Active Optical Network [ AON ]

 2.Passive Optical Network [ PON ]

 PON Standards –

 1. APON – ATM PON
 2. BPON – BROADBAND PON
 3. EPON – ETHERNET PON
 4. GPON – GIGABIT PON


 ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS A POINT TO POINT NETWORK STRUCTURE
THAT MEANS EACH SUBSCRIBER HAS ITS
OWN FIBRE OPTIC LINE.
2. IT REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

PLUS BATTERY FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES.

3. BANDWITH ALLOCATED CAN BE BETWEEN

100Mbps TO 1Gbps.
4. IT LASTS UPTO RANGE OF 70 Km WITHOUT

REPEATERS.
 PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS THE LEADING TECHNOLOGY USED IN FTTx
DEPLOYMENT.
2.IT A POINT TO MULTIPOINT [P2MP] TOPOLOGY AND

USES SINGLE OPTICAL FIBRE TO SERVE MULTIPLE

PREMISES USUALLY BETWEEN 32 TO 128.
3. MAXIMUM RANGE IS UTO 20 Km

4.IT IS UPTO CUSTOMER’S SYSTEM TO DETERMINE

WHICH PACKETS ARE FOR THAT PARTICULAR

CUSTOMER AND THE REST ARE DISCARDED.
5.IT HAS TOTAL CAPACITY OF 2.5Gbps.

6.IT USES WDM FOR TRANSMITTING DIFFERENT

WAVELENTHS SIMULTANEOUSLY.



COMPARISON OF AON Vs PON
 AON  PON
 

 1.BANDWIDTH – 

IT HAS AN EDGE BECAUSE

 IT HAS BANDWIDTH OF
OF ITS FLEXIBILITY WITH
 78Mbps WITH 1:32
 SPLITTER AND 39 Mbps
RANGE BETWEEN
 WITH 1:64 SPLITTER.
100Mbps AND 1Gbps. 




 2.RISK OF 

EAVESDROPPING – 

DUE TO DEDICATED FIBRE  THE DATA IS ENCRYPTED

NETWORK IT IS NOT
 STILL IT IS POSSIBLE TO
POSSIBLE.
 DO SO.




AON  PON


 3.RELIABILITY OF
SUBSCRIBER LINE – 
IF CONNECTION IS CUT IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE
HERE SEVERAL OPTICS OPTICAL FIBRE HAS TO BE

ARE INTERRUPTED AND MAINTAINED.


REQUIRE TO BE REPAIRD.




 4. COST OF NETWORK 

TOPOLOGY – 

HIGH BECAUSE OF LOW AS ONLY ONE OLT IS

SHAREDBY n NUMBER OF
GREATER NUMBER OF
SUBSCRIBERS BECAUSE OF
SUBSCRIBER INTERFACES.
PASSIVE SPLITTER USED.




 AON  PON
 
 5. SPACE REQUIRED BY 
CABLE –
HIGH BECAUSE OF POINT
LOW BECAUSE A SINGLE
CABLE CAN BE UTILIZED
TO POINT CONNECTION.
FROM 32 UPTO 128

SUBSCRIBERS.


 6.LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE 
– 
IT IS HIGH BECAUSE IT IT IS LOW BECAUSE IT
REQUIRES EXTERNAL
MAKES USE OF PASSIVE
POWER SUPPLY PLUS
SPLITTERS.
TO SUPPLY EMERGENCY

ELECTRICITY.



AON  PON
 
 7 . RANGE – 

IT CAN BE USED UPTO

IT CAN BE USED UPTO
RANGE OF ONLY 20Km.
RANGE OF 70Km WITHOUT

REPEATERS




 8. BACKHAUL – 

A NORMAL AN SUBSCRIBER
A PON INTERFACE BOARD
CAN ONLY BE USED FOR
INTERFACE CAN ALSO BE
BACKHAUL JOBS.
USED FOR BACKHAUL


JOBS.





AON  PON



 9. TRIPLE PLAY – 
IT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL  THE USUAL BANDWIDTH
BANDWIDTH RESERVES
FOR TRANSMITTING HDTV
FOR TRIPLE PLAY.  CHANNELS IS NOT
 SUFFICIENT.


 

10.ADDITIONAL


 THE INFLEXIBLE
SERVICES - BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT
 IT CAN BE ADOPTED TO SUIT IS A PROBLEM.
FOR INDIVIDUAL 

REQUIREMENTS.
EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Network


 Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network Protocol.

 EPON is IEEE 802.3ah standard.
 EPON uses point to multipoint network topology
 Focuses on fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-curb
(FTTC) solutions
 Long term objective - FTTH




 It Extends the earlier BPON
 BPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol.
 Downstream transmission is continuous ATM stream at a bit
rate of 155Mbps to 622 Mbps.
 Upstream transmission is in form of burst ATM cells, with a
rate of 155 Mbps.








EPON
Supports only one bit rate , the symmetrical
1 . 25 / 1 . 25 Gbps .
Targeted for the access market , i . e . FTTH
 Provides the interface  Present on the user
between the PON side, terminates the
and the service PON and also checks
providers network which data belong to
services. which node.


 Performs an auto-
 Responsible for
discovery process
allocating upstream
which includes
bandwidth to the
ranging and the
ONTs. Because the
assignment of both
optical distribution
Logical Link IDs and
network (ODN) is
bandwidth.
shared, ONT

upstream
transmissions could
collide.
OLT  ONT

Access Method
Ethernet Frame EPON
Frame
EPON Downstream
TDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing the
signal into diff time slots.

TDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channels

into one high rate channel

TDMA is a type of Time-division multiplexing, with the special point that

instead of having one transmitter connected to one receiver, there are
multiple transmitters.

TDMA  TDM
EPON Upstream
GPON
Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network

 It is currently one of the fastest access technologies to
attract market interest.


 GPON combines the BW, quality, and reach of fiber optics

with the service Flexibility of IP to provide a triple play
services over a common infrastructure.


 It is a integral part of a full service broadband architecture,

which is designed to meet the needs of full mobile
convergence and next generation networks across
residential and enterprise service offerings
Voice
Management
System
Data ONU
Other
Video Networks

TDM
ONU
Video/Audio over
IP services
PABX
O
1:32(64) Optical Splitter PON L
T CATV overlay
services

TDMA
Central
Office IP N/Ws

Data 2G
BTS
ONU
0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logical
reach supported by protocol)
Current GPON system operate with a bandwidth
of 2.5 Gbps towards the subscriber(Downstream)
and 1.25 Gbps towards the core
network(Upstream) on an OLT port
  GPON uses WDM(wave length division multiplexing) to
provide bi-directional services on a single fiber.






 Downstream service is transmitted between 1480-1500
nm, and Upstream bandwidth between 1260-1360nm.
 GPON is based on the Generic Framing Procedure(GFP)
for handling TDM, ATM and ETH based traffic without
additional encapsulation protocol.






 This leads to a bandwidth efficiency of up to 93% (in
BPON only 70% BW efficiency is reached).

Advantages
 No power
 Scalability and Flexibility
 Bandwidth utilization
 Split ratio 1:32/1:64
 Can be deployed in many network
architecture
 Supports mobile backhaul
 Allows mobile users to use same fiber
 Reduces the number of cables used.
  Comparison


 EPON Vs GPON
 ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ 51% asa result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM TDM over Packet
over ATM, TDM over
Security AES 128 bit Encryption
Packet None
QoS Features Inherent Not Inherent
 ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ 51% asa result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM TDM over Packet
over ATM, TDM over
Security AES 128 bit Encryption
Packet External IPSEC
QoS Features Inherent Not Inherent
 Bandwidth Utilization

Overall
Efficiency 10%
EPON 51%
GPON TDM,
92% 90% Data
For both protocols
the Overhead
section is only
required in the
upstream direction.
This facilitates clock
and data recovery at
the OLT, which
receives the burst
transmissions from
the ONTs.
 In EPON, the LLID essentially designates a
particular ONT. In GPON, the Port ID
designates not just an ONT but also a
particular service (e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc.)
within that ONT.
 This is profound because even at this lowest
layer we see that GPON can differentiate,
and therefore prioritize, at the lowest layer
of the protocol stack, any service within its
payload.
Another Qos Feature of GPON

 PLI (payload length indicator)

 PTI (payload type indicator).


 PLI field specifies the length of the payload.

This is critical for scheduling algorithms,
which in turn are critical to QoS.


 The PTI is a 3-bit field used to indicate

whether special handling is required for
the associated payload.
 Fragmentation

In the upper half longer low-priority frame

(frame #1 in the figure) causes a small
high-priority frame (#2) to be delayed,
which causes jitter

Provide high bandwidth Lower part shows fragmentation

efficiency and low latency for where the transmission of the low-priority
time-sensitive frame (#1) is started at the same instant as
traffic. in the upper figure but its transmission is
temporarily halted to allow the high-
priority frame (#2) to be transmitted.
Framing
VLAN Tags for QoS
 EPON vs. GPON
Cost Comparison
 Cost Comparison Methodology
 Refernce :- GPON vs. EPON Costs Comparison
 Dan Parsons, Director of Marketing,
BroadLight Inc.
 (dan.parsons@broadlight.com)
 For a simple cost comparison between EPON and GPON,
only the total equipment costs for a FTTP network of
10,000 subscribers with a 100% take rate of service was
considered.
 The Outside Plant (OSP) will be treated as equal although
the PON split ratio will be different.
 Equipment cost technology is taken as :-
 EPON OLT = GPON OLT = $1800 per interface
 EPON ONT = GPON ONT = $100 per subscriber
 Advantage GPON !!!
 GPON’s significant cost advantage


 GPON offers up to a 2.6:1 OLT advantage

 GPON VS EPON
Everything except Technology
 Gigabit PON -> greater bandwidth and
functionality
 Ethernet PON -> benefits from maturity.
 “The ubiquity of Ethernet tends to favour EPON in
the long run”
 "GPON has the backing of some of the largest
carriers in the world," - Steve Kemp, senior
director, Alcatel
 GPON VS EPON
Everything except Technology
 “Established carriers need to terminate their
legacy traffic”
 “The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all
about timing”

Reference:- Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tannenbaum
 GPON vs. EPON
Everything except Technology
 “Established carriers need to terminate their legacy
traffic”
 “The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all about
timing”
 “The choice of PON will be resolved based on which
technology best meets their fundamental quest”
 "What these people want is to make money and
increase ARPU. It is very hard to beat Ethernet."

 PON vs. DSL
 New installation of  Already installed
fiber, can be copper wires
expensive  Less bandwidth, at
 Offers more bandwidth lower range
at longer distances  No sharing of
 Shares bandwidth bandwidth
among active users  Only IPTV
 Digital TV as well as
 Encryption not
IPTV required
 Encrypts all packets

PON
 DSL

 PON vs with DSL
 PON + DSL (VDSL)
 FTTH
 FTTB
 FTTN

 PON vs. SONET
 No active element  Active optical network
 Cost effective solution  SONET rings optimized
as a shorthaul for longhaul and MAN
collector loop infra
 Low initial cost  Requires installation of
 Asymmetric all nodes upfront
 Symmetrical.
 Broadcast OC-12(622  OC-12 SONET link all
Mbps) and access the line cards must
OC-3(155Mbps) have an OC-12
upstream interface
 More fault tolerant 
 
PON

 SONET

 No Competition !!!!!

 PON does not compete with SONET

 Can use SONET compatible interfaces
 PON can serve as a feeder

 Consolidated PON
Advantage ALL
 PON with SONET
 PON with VDSL
 PON with DOCSIS

BUT……………
That’s not the
entire story
 PON vs ACTIVE ETHERNET
 Initial installation cost  Reach limited by
distance
 Scalability
 Bandwidth

Advantage PON
 Disadvantage PON

 CPS : The imp. figure
 PON deployments - constant evaluation of a
complex set of tradeoffs and compromises


 Less than 32 subscribers within an ONU

serving radius,the CPS is high


 More than 32 subscribers within an ONU

serving radius, second OLT port must be
deployed, resulting in
a high CPS
 CPS : The imp. figure
 Customer requires service outside an existing
ONU serving radius, a new OLT port must be
deployed, resulting in high CPS


 If customers outside the 20-km OLT serving

area require service, a new OLT must be
deployed, resulting in higher CPS


 Deploying PON with lower split ratios results in

more available bandwidth, but increases
the cost-basis, of the solution as the OLT port
is shared among fewer ONUs.

 Active Ethernet
 Capital expenses coincident with subscriber
acquisition.


 Powered sites in an active network greater than a

passive network deployment, but by ………


 Cost Compensation
Why ACTIVE ETHERNET ?
 FFTX
(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)
Market Realities
IDATE predicts 140 million subscribers by
2014
 Dec2008, 48 million subscriber world wide
 Asia pacific region(Japan & Korea) 22.7
million
 United states- 16%
 Europe -5%
 61% of the Architecture is on FTTH/B
 20 years time frame before profit realization
starts
 EPON in Asia/Pacific region
 GPON in Europe and North America
  Japan with 13.1 million subscriber has the
largest number of ultra-high-speed Internet
users in the world(10.30% penetration)
 South Korea with 6million subscriber has
12.40% penetration
 America, with an annual growth rate of 90%
is the fastest growing FTTH/B market in the
world
 In Europe smaller scandinavian countries
are leading in FTTH
 In England it is 0%.......?????

FTTH penetration in Europe
June 2009
 BSNL inks FTTH deal with Sterlite, In a deal
worth INR3.72 billion (USD77 million) Sterlite
will deploy Gigabit Passive Optical Network (
GPON) technology
 BSNL chairman and MD Kuldeep Goyal also said
that the telco expects that up to 5% of all
Indian households could have access to FTTH
services by 2011, with IPTV acting as one of
the key drivers for uptake
 the upcoming Passive Optical Networking (PON)
equipment market in India was a US$ 5.6
market in 2008 with a growth rate of a
whopping 2800 % over 2007
 Currently India's share of the total APEJ
(Asia Pacific excluding Japan) market is
6.6 percent and is expected to grow at a
CAGR of 99.2 % over the period 2007-
2013.

 In India, Freescale Semiconductor has
launched the industry's first voice-enabled
GPON. The company, along with Alcatel-
Lucent, is facilitating the adoption of FTTH
technologies by availing jointly developed
GPON technology
Challenges
 Reduction in development cost
 Increase the penetration level
 Long time span before the benefit can be
reaped
 Most importantly, demand for the
technology
Challenges
 It is observed that big countries are
reluctant to accept fiber optic. Massive
deployment seem uneconomic
 Lack of market demand is another hindrance

The End Story
 EPON vs. GPON ???????
 No clear winner
 Standards still in development mode
 NGN PON talks about consolidation
 One thing for sure…..
THANK YOU