Formulae

Volume
flow calculation

Calculation of Calculation of Calculation of

kv value volume flow pressure drop
Q (m3/h)
kv (m3/h) G (kg/h) ∆p (bar)

Liquids 2
ρ ∆p  Q
kv = Q × Q = kv × ∆p = ρ ×  
∆p ρ  kv 

Gases p1
p2 >
2 Qn ρn × T1 ∆p × p 2 ρn × T1 × Q2n
kv = × Qn = 514 × k v × ∆p =
∆p × p 2 ρn × T1 p2 × (k v × 514)
p1 514 2
∆p <
2
p1
p2 <
2 Qn 1
kv = × ρn × T1 Qn = 257 × k v × p1 ×
p1 257 × p1 ρn × T1
∆p >
2
Steam p1
p2 > 2
2 G v2 ∆p  G v
kv = × G= 31,6 × k v × ∆p =   × 2
p1 31,6 ∆p v2  k v  1000
∆p <
2
p1
p2 <
2 G 2 × v∗ p1
kv = × G= 31,6 × k v ×
p1 31,6 p1 2 × v∗
∆p >
2
Water 2
Q  Q
kv = Q =k v × ∆p ∆p =  
5 - 30°C ∆p  kv 
ρ ≈ 1 kg/dm3

Air p1
p2 > 2
2 kv =
Qn Q  1
Qn = 26,4 × k v × ∆p × p2 ∆p =  n  ×
p1 ∆p × p2 × 26,4  kv  p2 × 699
20°C ∆p <
2
ρ ≈ 1.20 kg/m3
p1
p2 <
2 Qn
kv = Qn = k v × p1 × 13,2
p1 p1 × 13,2
∆p >
2

kv m3/h Valve capacity

Q m3/h Volume flow
Qn m3n/h Volume flow (0°C 760 mm Hg)
p1 bar (abs) Pressure ahead of valve
p2 bar (abs) Pressure after valve
∆p bar Pressure drop across valve
G kg/h Mass flow
ρ kg/m3 Density of medium ahead of valve
ρn kg/m3n Normal density (0°C 760 mm Hg)
t1 °C Temperature of medium ahead of valve
T1 K 273 + t1 = absolute temperature of medium ahead of valve
v2 m3/kg Specific volume (from steam table) for p2 and t1 condition
p
v* m3/kg Specific volume (from steam table) for 1 and t1 condition
2
Note on calculations: it is a necessary condition, that the valve is fully open.

114 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Air at low pressure
EVI valves

EVI 1.5-25, EVI-C 1.5-3 de-energized closed and EVI 1.5-3 N.O. (de-energized open)

Example 10 Nm3/h can be obtained with

EVI 25 at ∆p = approx. 2.2 mbar
EVI 20 at ∆p = approx. 7 mbar
EVI 15 at ∆p = approx. 17 mbar
EVI 10 at ∆p = approx. 64 mbar
EVI 6 at ∆p = approx. 300 mbar

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 Capacity diagrams
Air at higher pressure
EVI and EVSI valves

EVI 1.5 - 3, EVI-C 1.5-3, EVSI 6-22 de-energized closed and EVI 1.5-3 N.O. (de-energized open)

Inlet pressure

Outlet pressure

Example Assumptions: Result:

- Capacity required = 90m³/h The required capacity can be obtained with
- Inlet pressure = 5 bar an EVSI 10, of which the actual capacity is
- Outlet pressure = 3.25 bar 95 m³/h.

Procedure:
Take a vertical line from the outlet pressure
(3.25 bar) until it intersects the inlet pressure
(5 bar). From this point take a horizontal line
to intersect the capacity curves.

116 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Air at higher pressure
EVSI and EVSI-C 15 - 50 valves

De-energized closed EVSI 15-50 and EVSI-C 15-50 with valve body of Dezincification resistant brass

Inlet pressure

Outlet pressure

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from EVSI 15-50 EVSI 15 = approx. 240 m3/h
at an inlet pressure of 5 bar and an outlet EVSI 20 = approx. 485 m3/h
pressure of 3.5 bar? EVSI 25 = approx. 670 m3/h
EVSI 32 = approx. 1100 m3/h
Procedure: EVSI 40 = approx. 1400 m3/h
Take a vertical line from the outlet pressure EVSI 50 = approx. 2450 m3/h
(3.5 bar) until it intersects the inlet pressure
(5 bar). From this point take a horizontal line
to intersect the capacity scales.

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 Capacity diagrams
Water at low pressure
EVI and EVSIT valves

De-energized closed EVI 1.5-25 and EVSIT 12-22

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from EVI and EVI 1.5 gives approx. 0.08 l/min.
EVSIT at a differential pressure of 10 mbar EVI 2 gives approx. 0.25 l/min.
(10 cmWG)? EVI 3 gives approx. 0.5 l/min.
EVI 6 gives approx. 1.2 l/min.
EVI 10 gives approx. 2.5 l/min.
EVI 15 gives approx. 4.5 l/min.
EVI 20 gives approx. 7.5 l/min.
EVI 25 gives approx. 13 l/min.

EVSIT 12 gives approx. 0.75 l/min.

EVSIT 18-22 gives approx. 5.9 l/min.

118 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
EVI valves

De-energized closed EVI 1.5-20

Example Problem: Result:

What capacity is obtainable from EVI valves EVI 1.5 gives approx. 0.035 m3/h
at a differential pressure of 0.5 bar? EVI 2 gives approx. 0.11 m3/h
EVI 3 gives approx. 0.21 m3/h
EVI 6 gives approx. 0.49 m3/h
EVI 10 gives approx. 1.1 m3/h

EVI 15 and EVI 20 cannot be applied at a

differential pressure of 0.5 bar.

IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998 119

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
SVI valves

De-energized closed SVI and SVI-C

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from SVI and SVI 1.2 gives approx. 0.028 m3/h
SVI-C valves at a differential pressure of SVI 1.5 gives approx. 0.057 m3/h
0.5 bar? SVI 2.0 gives approx. 0.078 m3/h
SVI 2.5 gives approx. 0.12 m3/h
SVI 3.0 gives aprox. 0.16 m3/h
SVI 3.5 gives approx. 0.18 m3/h

120 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
SVI N.O. valves

De-energized open SVI

Example Results:
Problem: SVI 1.5 N.O. gives approx. 0.042 m3/h
What capacity is obtainable from SVI N.O. at SVI 2.0 N.O. gives approx. 0.85 m3/h
a differential pressure of 0.5 bar? SVI 2.5 N.O. gives approx. 0.11 m3/h
SVI 3.0 N.O. gives approx. 0.13 m3/h
SVI 3.5 N.O. gives approx. 0.14 m3/h

IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998 121

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
SVI FL valves

De-energized closed
SVI 1.2-2.0 FL 22 × 22 mm

Problem:
What capacity is obtainable at a
differential pressure of 0.5 bar?
Results:
SVI 1.2 gives approx.
0.028 m 3/h
SVI 1.5 gives approx.
0.05 m 3/h
SVI 2.0 gives approx.
0.063 m 3/h

De-energized closed
SVI 1.2-2.5 FL 32 × 32 mm

Problem:
What capacity is obtainable at a
differential pressure of 0.5 bar?

Results:
SVI 1.2 gives approx.
0.035 m 3/h
SVI 1.5 gives approx.
0.049 m 3/h
SVI 2.0 gives approx.
0.078 m 3/h
SVI 2.5 gives approx.
0.11 m3/h

122 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
EVSI 6 - 100 and EVSIT 12 - 22

De-energized closed (N.C.) EVSI 6-100 and EVSIT 12-22 and de-energized open (N.O.) EVSI 15 - 50

Example Problem: Results:

What water volume is obtainable from EVSI 25 gives approx. 19 m3/h
EVSI 25 and EVSI 80 at a differential EVSI 80 gives approx. 130 m3/h
pressure across the valve of 3 bar?

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 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
SVSI valves

SVSI 13 - 24

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from SVSI valves SVSI 13 gives approx. 3.9 m3/h
at a differential pressure of 2 bar? SVSI 24 gives approx. 12 m3/h

124 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Water at higher pressure
EVSI-C 15-50 with valve body of stainless steel

De-energized closed EVSI-C 15-50 with valve body of stainless steel

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from EVSI-C at a EVSI-C 15 = approx. 5 m3/h
differential pressure of 3 bar? EVSI-C 20-25 = approx. 15 m3/h
EVSI-C 32-40 = approx. 38 m3/h
EVSI-C 50 = approx. 55 m3/h

IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998 125

 Capacity diagrams
Water at fully open valve
EVSIM valves

De-energized closed EVSIM 6-20

Example Problem: Results:

What capacity is obtainable from EVSIM 6-20 EVSIM 6 gives approx. 1.4 m3/h
at a differential pressure of 3 bar? EVSIM 10 gives approx. 2.2 m3/h
EVSIM 15 gives approx. 3.6 m3/h
EVSIM 20 gives approx. 8.7 m3/h

126 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Steam
EVSI 15 - 50 valves

De-energized closed EVSI 15-50

A: Critical pressure drop

Example Assumptions: Results:

- Inlet pressure = 1.55 bar absolute a. EVSI 15 = approx. 75 kg/h
- Outlet pressure = 0.95 bar absolute b. EVSI 20 = approx. 130 kg/h
- Differential pressure (0.6 bar) exceeds the c. EVSI 25 = approx. 200 kg/h
valves’ minimum ∆p of 0.3 bar. d. EVSI 32 = approx. 300 kg/h
e. EVSI 40 = approx. 390 kg/h
Procedure: f. EVSI 50 = approx. 800 kg/h
Take a vertical line from the inlet pressure
(1.55 bar) until it intersects the differential
pressure curve (0.6 bar). From this point take
a horizontal line to intersect the capacity
curves. Now take a vertical line to intersect
the capacity scales.

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 Capacity diagrams
Steam
EVSIS and EVJHS valves

EVSIS 3 - 25
A: Critical pressure drop

Assumptions:
- Inlet pressure = 6 bar
absolute
- Differential pressure = 1 bar
Procedure:
Take a vertical line from the inlet
pressure (6 bar) until it
intersects the differential
pressure curve (1 bar). From
this point take a horizontal line
to intersect the capacity curves.
Now take a vertical line to read
the capacity on the capacity
scales.

Reading example:
The capacity of EVSIS 10 is P1 [bar] abs.
approx. 100 kg/h.

EVJHS 15 - 20
A: Critical pressure drop

Assumptions:
- Inlet pressure = 6 bar
absolute
- Differential pressure = 1 bar
Procedure:
Take a vertical line from the inlet
pressure (6 bar) until it
intersects the differential
pressure curve (1 bar). From
this point take a horizontal line
to intersect the capacity curves.
Now take a vertical line to read
the capacity on the capacity
scales.
Reading example:
The capacity of EVJHS 20 is
approx. 300 kg/h.

128 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Air
HP valves

HP 15 - 50

Example Assumptions:
- Inlet pressure (p1) = 9 bar
- Outlet pressure (p2) = 6 bar
- Air volume required: 1500 m³/h

Procedure:
Take a vertical line from the outlet pressure
(6 bar) until it intersects the inlet pressure
(9 bar). From this point take a horizontal line
to intersect the capacity scales.

Result:
The required capacity can be obtained with
an HP 25, of which the actual capacity is
approx. 1650 m³/h.

IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998 129

 Capacity diagrams
Water and oil
HP valves

HP 15-50 at low pressure

and a viscosity of 2°E
(12 cSt) Differential pressure

Assumptions:
- Medium = water or oil
- Inlet pressure = 500 mm wg
(5 kPa)
- Outlet pressure = 0 bar
- Differential pressure
(∆p) = 500 mm wg (5 kPa)
- Capacity required = 10 m³/h
Procedure:
Take a horizontal line from the
differential pressure (5 kPa)
until it intersects the capacity
curves. The capacity at the
intersection point (the x value)
must be larger than or equal to
10 m³/h.
Result: Capacity
The required capacity can be
obtained with an HP 50, of
which the actual capacity is
approx. 12 m³/h.

HP 15-50 at high pressure

and a viscosity of 2°E
(12 cSt)

Problem:
What capacity is obtainable from
HP 15 in the following
conditions:
- Medium = water or oil
- Inlet pressure = 4 bar
- Outlet pressure = 0 bar
- Differential pressure
(∆p) = 4 bar
Procedure:
Take a horizontal line from the
differential pressure (4 bar) until
it intersects the capacity curve
for HP 15. From this point take a
vertical line to intersect the x
axis.
Result:
Capacity = approx. 14 m³/h

130 IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998

 Capacity diagrams
Water
HPV and HPV-C valves

HPV 15 - 50 and HPV-C 15 - 50

Example
Problem:
What water volume is obtainable from
HPV 25 and HPV 40 at a differential pressure
across the valve of 3 bar?

Procedure:
Take a horizontal line from the differential
pressure (3 bar) until it intersects the capacity
curves. From this point take a vertical line to
intersect the x axis.

Results:
HPV 25 gives approx. 33 m3/h
HPV 40 gives approx. 73 m3/h

IK.11.A4.02  Danfoss A/S 08-1998 131