CHRISTIAN

PSYCHOLOGY
A TRANSDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

Christian Positive Psychology

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CONTENTS

DIALOGUE ON CHRISTIAN POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

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Discussion Article
Imperfectible: Why Positive Psychology Needs Original Sin………..…................................................................5

Commentaries
Optimism Versus Pessimism: A False Choice

Why a Positive Psychology of Gratitude Needs Original Sin

Philosophical Anthropology and Positive Emotion

Why Positive Psychology Needs Virtue: A Constructive Response to Hackney

Cultural Critiques in Psychology: Shall Theology Lead the Way?

Positive Psychology and Original Sin: A Christian Psychology Response

Positive Psychology and the Atomization of Society

Author’s Response
Imperfectible: Reply to Commentaries...............................................................................................................33

Articles
Open-mindedness and Christian Flourishing.................................................................................................….38

Sexuality: On Being Human and Promoting Social Justice........................

Reconciling the Roles of Automatic and Controlled Cognition in Behavioral Control.......................………....…58

Book Reviews
Evidence-based Practices for Christian Counseling and Psychotherapy

Restoring the Shattered Self: A Christian Counselor’s Guide to Complex Trauma.

3
 CHRISTIAN PSYCHOLOGY
PUBLICATION POLICY
Christian Psychology
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All submitted contributions will be acknowledged and processed as quickly as possible. Placing of accepted articles is based on the
theme of a specific issue and potential backlog of contributions.

Lydia Kim-van Daalen

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 Dialogue on Christian Psychology: Discussion Article

Imperfectible: Why Positive Psychology Needs

Original Sin
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Philosophical anthropologies undergirding psychological descriptions of the human condition carry the potential for
undesirable consequences, even if those consequences are unintended. I argue here that the positive psychology move-
ment is characterized by an unbalanced anthropological optimism, and that this optimism carries the potential for
harsh judgmentalism toward those who do not adequately flourish. Drawing from the basic literature in positive
psychology, I show that the dominant ideology on display is one in which the possibility of innate badness is down-
played or entirely rejected, while innate goodness is upheld as fact. Drawing from the applied literature in positive
psychology, I show that interventions designed to facilitate flourishing place an undue burden on the individual by
downplaying environmental factors, and promoting the idea that anyone can flourish if they simply try hard enough.
I further argue that a Christian view of human nature, seeing humans both as created fundamentally good, and as
fallen and inherently bad, provides a needed corrective to the unbalanced optimism seen in the positive psychology
literature. A Christian positive psychologist will anticipate chronic failure to live up to any ideal, will assume that
flourishing requires considerable external assistance beyond the teaching of mental skills, and will live in awareness of
solidarity with the broken and the transgressor, resulting in a more humane treatment of the insufficiently-virtuous.

Keywords: positive psychology, Christian psychology, human nature, optimism, sin

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Open-mindedness and Christian Flourishing

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Taylor University

Although open-mindedness is generally considered to be an intellectual virtue, few have attempted thorough analyses
of this character trait. Discussion of open-mindedness is rarer still among Christian scholars. Here I explore this vir-
tue from a Christian perspective using William Hare’s general account of open-mindedness as a willingness to recon-
sider one’s views, and I apply Hare’s three requirements of open-mindedness: (1) the sincere pursuit of truth, (2) an
intellectually fallibilist outlook, and (3) the desire for free expression of thought. This part of my discussion focuses on
what I call propositional open-mindedness. But I distinguish this form of the virtue from what I call personal open-
mindedness, which regards a willingness to consider revising one’s evaluations, moral or otherwise, of other people. I
explore what it means to display such personal open-mindedness as a Christian. In so doing, I consider how personal
open-mindedness is practically beneficial, biblically endorsed, and contributes to the Christian’s flourishing intellectu-
ally, morally and socially.

Keywords: virtue, open-mindedness, intellectual humility, fallibilism, propositional open-mindedness, personal open-
mindedness

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 Christian Psychology: Articles

Sexuality: On Being Human and Promoting Social

Justice
1FUFS
+
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The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

Based on a biblical definition of the soul, the image of God, and social justice, various options in human sexuality
are considered and evaluated. Expressions of sexuality not corresponding to biblical standards are found to be dehu-
manising and contrary to social justice.

Keywords: soul, image, sexuality, humanness, social justice

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Reconciling the Roles of Automatic and

Controlled Cognition in Behavioral Control
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Regent University

Leading contemporary social psychology theorists and researchers claim automatic thought processes control most or
all of human action. Controlled or deliberate thought is characterized as relatively useless. This paper reviews the
empirical evidence of automatic and controlled thinking and presents a more complementary integration of the two
processes. This synthetic view is then used to address questions of facilitation and implementation of individual level
change. Contrary to the current dominant views within social psychology, it is suggested that intentional change
resulting from controlled thought is possible.

Keywords: agency, automaticity, controlled cognition, behavioral control, social cognition, sanctification

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